Reconquista - The Next Generation - Part 2 Ferdinand III - The Siege of Seville
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 13 มิ.ย. 2024
- As the next generation of the Castilian Monarchy takes power, the war of reconquest against Islamic Spain advances to a new level. Ferdinand III of Castile, a warrior king who is descended from a line of warrior kings, launches a powerful attack on Al Andalus. In his campaigns he takes Cordoba and Seville. In doing so, he nearly completes the Reconquista - leaving only Granada as the last remaining Muslim state.
CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW ON PATREON:
/ fphx
DOWNLOAD THE ALL THE FREE PODCAST EPISODES:
itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/f...
FOR ANDEROID USERS:
fphistory.libsyn.com
FOLLOW ON FACEBOOK:
/ flashpointhx
VISIT ON TWITTER:
/ flashpointhx
==== VERY SPECIAL THANKS ====
To Embrace Historia for the Total War Machina
Check out his youtube channel:
/ @embracehistoria
To Multi for creating some excellent Music for the podcast
Listen to his other amazing music here:
/ @jrsschattenberg
And to Enrique Sanchez for allowing me to use his video content!
==== SOURCES ====
A Vanished World - Chris Lowney
Homage to Al-Andalus - Micheal Barry
Muslim Spain and Portugal - Hugh Kennedy
Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain - Joesph O'Callaghan
Kingdoms of Faith - Brain Catlas
==== M U S I C ====
DOUG MAXWELL
Pink Flamenco
DEREK & BRANDON FIECHTER
/ @derekbrandonfiechter
Sahara Desert
ANNO DOMINI
Archetype
CALUDIE MACKULA
El Castillo De Santiago
/ @claudiemackula
AAKASH GANDHI (TH-cam Archive)
Waterfall
PURPLE PLANET MUSIC
Meditation Impromptu
UGONNA ONYEKWE
Turning Slowly
Still Standing
![ถ้าพี่วุ้นท้อง แป้งจะท้องไปด้วยกัน !!!! [ดูคลิปเต็มหน้าช่อง] #Short | PANG ORNHIRA](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/FeyEnVMwitA/mqdefault.jpg)
Fantastic yet again. Love the cutscenes and the timeline presentation in this one, and the siege of Seville was great.
Thank you as always - I'm curious what you come up with next yourself. Your videos are inspirational
This series has made me fall in love with Spanish history. Keep up the good work dude
Jacko - thank you! I'm so glad you said this. I love to hear that my content has influenced people to take a new look at history. Especially this time period which is often overlooked
Flash Point History the way you take your time to flesh out the time period and the characters in it as much as possible without it being long winded or that pseudo intellectual bs people sometimes try and pull off is great man. Always look foreword to your videos
I try and make this as accessible as possible. If someone gets interested in the times that I talk about and then decides to look deeper into it, I feel accomplished. @@jacko8030
me too
Yep these Flash Point Reconquista videos have given me an obsession for medieval Spain too!
Without a doubt a crucial moment to decide the tie between Christians and Muslims in Spain. Hadn't Ferdinand III being so bold taking advantage of the weakness of the taifas, the balance of power between the Christian kingdoms may have been very different and changed much the history of Spain. Great video!
Thanks! As always I value your input. I believe your podcast is coming up to Hannibal. Let me know if you want me to send you some maps - if I can help out, I'm here for you my friend!
@@FlashPointHx I'm already talking about Visigothic Spain, the new episode on the Ostrogothic interval and Byzantine conquest of southern Spain is coming up in two days.
Awesome!! I would like to see the Aragonese side of the Reconquista in the next video (particularly how the Crown of Aragon conquered Valencia and the Balearic Islands), perhaps continuing from where you left off in Episode 9-6.
You got it! James the I of Aragon is up next. Granted it is a bit of a shorter video.
The real Game of Thrones!
Yes!!
This series is like a new Game of Thrones, so thank you very much for it.
Ive enjoyed it and keep enjoying it like the Byzantine series and many other documentaries you published on this channel. Again, thank you very much for them :D
Glad you enjoy it! You're right this time period makes Game of Thrones look tame
As a Catholic, I would like to remind you that before we are known as King Fernando III of Castile and Leon, he is a Saint of the Holy Roman Apostolic Catholic Church.
Saint Fernando III the Invictos.
I mentioned that in the video - he was canonized a saint about 400 years after he died
Thank you for the video, I'm from Spain and love your videos about my country history
Glad you enjoyed it! I love visiting your country - your people know how to party
Favourite series on TH-cam a breath of fresh air told through a witty historical analysis and not a politically correct lens
Thank you! I love making these videos. I try to keep a cap on the sarcasm as much as possible - sometimes It just slips out =)
Maps and borders mixed with a fantastic historical narrative. What more can I ask of life? Great work.
Awesome to hear! Really happy you like my content !
I have never seen history explained in such a wonderful manner like you have done here...the music, flow, visuals, well placed lightheartedness...amazing work!
Channels like this, are why I don't need TV. Subbed 90minutes ago, watching the "Full History" video. Well done.
Thank you! Im really happy you liked my content. I try and take my time to create quality instead of quantity.
@@FlashPointHx And it shows. Keep up the good work.
One of the top history channels!!
Hey thank you!!
Not one of the top: the top!
I always showed strangeness and a certain dislike as it was superficially and as a history of the periphery the reconquest in English and for English speakers. And finally I have found the right vision without that surface of Washington Irving, adequate to the discourse of the historian as a researcher. I have seen with great pleasure his exhibition about Fernando III of Castilla y León. I must say that I have enjoyed it greatly as it shows the incredible effort involved in sustaining the siege of MY CITY for sixteen months until its surrender at a time when the intendency was so precarious. Thank you for teaching how the conquest of Seville was the opening of a safe inner harbor that linked the routes of the Mediterranean with those of the Atlantic Ocean.
Really happy that you liked it!
Oh man, I missed you. I didn't know I did until I saw this video pop up and got all excited... haha. TH-cam should give a bump to educational channels like yours, with great content and presentation, instead of the Logan Pauls of the world. Anyway, on to the video ;)
Totally agree with you!
I already get emails from people who tell me that I've helped them with their classes =) @chefaopt
Ferdinand III was a hero.
But to some he was the bringer of end times
@@FlashPointHx those some should not even be there in the first place. the conquerors got conquered thats all a hero for some is the devil of another and thats how it allways has been
Well for the invasors.
5:12 Talk about poetic justice!
Im actually a Lara and my coat of arms is like an updated more decorated version of the earlier coat of arms shown in these videos. My family was basically Peter Bailish of Castile lmao
Wow! thats amazing - you need to send in a pic of your coat of arms to flashpointhistory@gmail.com I'll post it on the FP history facebook page if you don't mind
You're not an evil man like your ancestors are you?
Doing my genealogic tree I managed to discover that I'm one of the descendants of the commander of the navy of this siege, Ramón de Bonifaz, it's really interesting studying something like this, it gets you a notion of were you come
Many people in this audience have mentioned that they can trace their ancestors to this time - I'm just amazed with that !
Incredible video, in a yet incredible series. Poetic words to Ferdinand III.
Thank you so much!
Fernando era hijo de Berenguela de Castilla ,reina, y de Alfonso de Portugal.
Eran primos hermanos y el papa acabo anulando el matrimonio .
Fernando III era primo hermano del Rey Luis de Francia, San Luis.
The total war parts were made with Attila total war, modded with the Attila 1212 mod, Aztec graphics mod and Olympian battle camera.
The siege map is based on Cordoba. Cheers.
Thank you again for these!
In Córdoba, the Spanish destroyed the Minaret and kept the Mosque. In Seville, they destroyed the Mosque and kept the Minaret.
Hahhaha - yes you are completely right.
Thanks for the video on Ferdinand 3 and the quick recap on Berenguela. Always great videos, can’t wait for part 3, James 1.
any time! Keeping the recaps to a minimum and just going forward with the narrative. Happy you liked it!
Massive respect for the guy for not massacring the populations and preserving the architecture. He's definitely a big reason Spain is still stich a great country today. And I'm admitting this even though I am sad at the loss of Cordóva and Sevilla. But you have to admit he's still a great king. Jumped on opportunity when it came to him but was still an overall decent guy. I'd compare him to the likes of King Richard the Lionhearted perhaps even Charlemagne.
Completely agree. Anyone who has this kind of respect for a fallen foe is worthy of praise for that act. I remember the story of Alexander the Great when he defeated King Porus in India. He asked him - What should I do with you and Porus's response was - treat me as what I am - a King. Alexander did likewise. This also reminds me of Italy in 1944 when the Germans held the bridges over the Arno River in Florence. The commander was ordered to destroy all bridges - including the Ponte Vecchio. He refused as he realized the war was essentially over and that destroying that bridge would have been a blow against Humanity as a whole.
Discovered your chanel several days ago. And i am watching all your Epoisodes in the last days!!:))) i am fairy well informed about history but the way you presented it with the small jouks made it exselant and very informative to watch! ...and the music is great!
Excellent series, fantastic work Olé!
thank you!!
Incredible! Love your videos! Thank you for making them🙂
You are so welcome! Thanks for watching them!
This series has been great! I've been asking many of my new friends and random locals their opinions of the Moors and their legacy. Perhaps unsurprisingly, it's about 50-50. Their legacy remains highly contraversial. Your balanced coverage exemplifies this fact. In other words, you're the man!
Develop please
Just in time, we just finished the last part! Great podcast.
ha! Nice! I'll try to have the next one out soon as well.
These are getting better and better
Thanks!
Thank you!!!! One of the best vids on TH-cam!!!!!
appreciate that !
Excellent work, love it!!!
Thank you
What a great video man, I will wait for the next video more excited than I was with this video!
Thank you! So glad to hear that you liked it. This video is setting a new record for me for the most amount of views in a day.
@@FlashPointHx Glad to hear that my friend, best wishes in your life and may God bless you and your channel!
Top notch content. Keep up the good work!
Thanks! I'm really happy you liked it! Definitely intend on making more!
The Cathedral of Seville was the 2nd biggest temple of Christendom after Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, and probably was the biggest between 1453 and the construction of St Peter in Vatican, but St Paul in London I don´t know when it was built, anyone?
Fascinating. My wife and I are planning to travel with our son to Seville. We have an AirBNB picked out with a view of this cathedral. Can't wait to check it out! Never realized it was so big. I remember seeing Hagia Sophia and was blow away by that
@@FlashPointHx well in area it is that big, but I melt at Hagia Sophia, the dome made 1500 years ago is like the Pantheon. Coming back to Sevilla, the thing is Saint Ferdinand wanted it to be the flagship of the ruler who conquered the biggest part...
Enjoy your visit and be careful with heat and the daytime of visiting, cheers
Very excited to visit Seville! The history is so impressive ! Plus I hear the food is outstanding as well. Take care !
@@FlashPointHx Indeed!!
@@FlashPointHx dear sir : it'll be and pleasure and honor if you cculd let be your guide. Sometimes I organize tour to show the corner and hidden places o the almohad past. I'm apassionate lover of my city and for me I'll be able marvelous offer my open hand for us. Please, I call for consider you as serious proposition.
Beautiful!
Thanks!
From the ocean to the sea, spain is now free.
Thank you. It is amazing
Happy that you liked it!
Awesome video!
Thanks!
Good vids keep up the good work.
thank you - will do!
Best night ever!
ha! Happy that you liked it!
Great now I gotta plan a massive Spain trip.
I do enjoy when Garrett from Thief decides to narrate some great content. :)
hahahah - didn't you mention this in the past before? I had to look up a video on Garrett
@@FlashPointHx I did! I am a bit old school and your voice always reminds me of that iconic character. I do enjoy your content greatly. Keep making these great videos. And thank you for the reply!
And by the way. I hope you do voice overs for other projects in the future. You are fantastic.
hahaha - yes I remember you mentioning this in the past. I'm an old school gamer myself and some of these games that had an intense plot line influence you years later. Still remember the Ultima series @@unknownmale9486
I've always wanted to get into that - its just finding the time to do it @@unknownmale9486
As the Celts were everywhere in Europe, Am I wrong assuming that the Murcians in Spain were related to the Mercians in Britain pre Roman Invasion as the Parisi in East Yorkshire were related to the Gauls and Parisi in France??
I’ll be honest, I’m not that versed in the history of this city to comment. It was founded during the time of Abd Al Rahman II during a time of consolidation of the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba. The rural lands were parceled our to various ethnicities - so there maybe a potential that it was named after the people who inhabited the area. However there are several theories that I read about the derivation of the name. Some do have a Roman component to them.
Yes, you're wrong. The region was known as the Carthaginensis in times of the Romans, and Murcia comes from the arabic "Madinah Mursiyah", built on the ruins of the city of Eio if I'm not mistaken. The names are just a coincidence.
Also, Murcia was never populated by celts: its inhabitants were purely Iberian (preindoeuropean)
Adrian, the rest of the spaniards are also preindoeuropean, the celtic wasn't a race, but a culture, we are all basically DNA R1b S116 and DF27, same blood in all Spain.
My Ancestors
Great
Thanks!
Good series. I would like you too keep up with spanish history from mexico and peru conquest and up to spanish civil war perhaps.
Beaufitul series, bit nit-picky, but the domains of the Crown of Aragon since their union were past north of the pyrenees.
Amazing videos thank you!
Hahaha - true - they also owned a bit of North Africa at one point. But we’re taking about a time period of rapidly expanding and changing borders. If I drew it one way, someone would say it wasn’t right and they they would also be correct. Had to compromise and get the core territory down
@@FlashPointHx its perfectly understandable, great job!
two centuries left to the actual end of the reconquista, whats the next series gonna be about?
Aztecs and Incas!
I don't know if these are tears of sadness or joy...
I'm not sure what you mean
@@FlashPointHx When he takes Seville I got really tense.
@@historycenter4011 Ah gotcha! Yeah I'm really happy with the way that video sequence came off.
👑RÍOS FAMILY 👑 it refers to the ROYAL HOUSE OF ASTURIAS where the RÍOS👑 last name most likely originated from.👑
Great programme but I can’t follow it with the constant music in the background it’s very distracting and in some places a continuous drone. Very disappointed.
What goes around comes around
in what sense
@@FlashPointHx looking at it from a Basque point of view all the conquering armies came and were themselves conquered in time. Someday we to will be free.
Cool king
Mosque built 400 years early, thats insane. WOW.
going to seville tomorrow haha
SOOO jealous . hope you have a good time. Hope this video helped in your experience
@@FlashPointHx thank you
The music of Ibn Al Ahmad part sound simmilar to certain rock band 😅 🙏 can you tell me
Can you give me a time stamp?
@@FlashPointHx8:49 when you are talking about Jaen
@@bosbanon3452 that’s a song called El Castillo de Santiago - it’s made by one of the content creators - she gave me permission to use it
Fuck man i know it sounds cliche but you deserve wayyyy more subscribers ofcourse i heard and know alot about the Ummayad Abbasid and Rashidun caliphates but i had never heard of the Almohad Or Almoravids and you explain it really well and clearly
18:54 do you have a source, for this image?
These images are from the Cantigas de Santa Maria. It was an impressive series of poems, music, and illustrated manuscripts that were created by Ferdinand III's son - Alphonso X. If you google them, you will find a bunch of images that you may have seen in the past. Btw - love the name!
@@FlashPointHx Thank you
What is the title of the music playing at intro please?
It is called pink flamingo. I have a list of all the music in the description of the podcast video. It is free from the TH-cam archive.
@@FlashPointHx Thank you
You sound like the guy from Nerd Soup.
Song I’d 10:50 ? Thanks
20:39 is that a swastika on the right?
Yes it is. This was a fairly common symbol that was noted in a variety of different cultures. But at the time period that we’re talking about it obviously did not contain the connotation that it would have in the 20th century
And what a legacy it will be.....a land biger than Spain tens of time...
a world empire - for better or for worse
👍
hello thanks for call the region THE IBERIAN PENINSULA correctly no Spain incorrectly .you the best Saludos
yes - you are correct.
Iberian Peninsula and Spain is the same.
@@enriquepascual8767 hola que tal. Spain does not exist. The Iberian peninsula is a geographical name and it have several countries . Portugal, the kingdom of Spain, Andorra, France. Thanks for you elegant but erroneous comments. Saludos Iberian. Note do not confuse Geography, name of a country, ethnic groups, and biology, they are all independent terminology and meaning
Hola Paveleitor, I am a highly cultivated person, you have no idea what you are talking about, what is more, I find very disrespectful that you are trying to convince me about the history, ethnics or language of my country, I am not going to waste a single minute discussing with you obvious things, good night.
@@enriquepascual8767 hello thanks God I don't have to defend a erroneos position. I just presented the data you have been convinced by someone already. Be free and walk the land. Thanks for commenting. Saludos Bro
Is disappointing that Granada helped Castile
It is what it is (or was).
is that total war?
yes
18:40 just noticed the swastika's in the top right corner of this image, i wonder what they meant in this context.
Fairly common icon in religious imagery on a variety of cultures - nothing to do with 20th Cen Germany
@@FlashPointHx Yes, i know, im half indian myself, so i know it has its different meanings there. i was just wondering what it meant to them in 11th/12th century in Spain
@@skapunker1986 Not sure - though I have seen in come up a bunch of times in christian religious pics
en el idioma castellano **Alfonso**
No se escribe "Alphonso"
What was the demographic nature of these taiffas before Ferdinand rode'em all down?
They were predominantly Muslim - either Arab / Beber people would had come and settled in alandalus or the indigenous populations. Many converted to Islam and be some estimates 80% were Muslim by the time of the Umayyad Caliphate
@@FlashPointHx interesting
Thanks
I wonder what percentage of them was native vs N.African. Can't think of any significant population expulsions following Muslim invasions.
For more info about this you can find lots and lots of videos of "mygeritage DNA results" from people from north africa and Iberian penisula and see how intermingel the population is. The todays portugal and Spanish people have % of north africa DNA(berber) with not much Midle estern DNA wich shows that Arabic concuest was demographicly very low.The import thear cultura more then thera DNA.(spain was conquerd by Arabised Berbers) And on the other side the Algerians and moustly Morocans have % of Iberian penisula. read the coment section of the videos:))) p.s Also morocans and algerians have very very low % od middle estern DNA.
@@maligjokica Él porcentajes de ADN R1b, Atlántico europeo es aprox. Del 70% en España de norte a sur y de este a oeste. Es del 56 % en Portugal. Y el porcentaje de ADN del halogrupo E1b1b, norteafricano es del 7% en España y del 14% en Portugal. Según los últimos estudios genéticos europeos, el echo de que muchos norteafricanos tengan también ADN. R1b de la península Ibérica, se debe a la expulsión tras la reconquista, ya que muchos de ellos eran étnicamente ibéricos.
Almoravidi 🇲🇦 almohade 🇲🇦💪
Unfortunately not a word about Christians in the lands under Arab/Berber domination. Why?
Almohads kicked most of them out
@@miracleyang3048 Any verifiable data, dude?
Back then as now you had three options under the pact of Omar/Umar. Convert, pay the dhima and abide by all of it's restrictions or die. That's what it means to live under Sharia law. The draconian tax penalties are usually enough to assure that most convert. In the West we assume that you are equal under the law regardless of your religious affiliation. In many parts of the world this is not so and to be fair this is not exclusive to Moslem lands.
It is so weird how these Muslime just kept running to next neighboring realm. Like why not just go the Mauritania
Most of them did - at sword point
hello Ferdinand III did not conquered all Spain, no, all the Iberian Peninsula, that is the reason today historians try to confuse the population into believe Spain was always . thanks for the production . saludos
he came pretty darn close to taking most of the peninsula
hello Pelagio, give the west a chance, Ferdinand III give us a good strategy, The Catholic Monarchs finalize the implementation of that strategy . Yes, He came close to take the peninsula Iberica, and giving him time probably will have accomplished. saludos
Great series. Respect to the Europeans in their struggle against the Islamic infidel invaders. 15:10 They deserved all of it. Every single bit of it. Unfortunately, This struggle is bound to repeat again as the current generation open their gates to the demons willingly.
eventually the cycles needs to be broken
The cycle is going to repeat, because under no circumstance we are not going to allow our sacred land to belong to Islam even if the global elite wishes it, is all written already, Spsin will save Europe again.
its quite clear, which ever side got engaged in women and wine and jewellery lost
Ferengi rule of acquisition #94 Females and finances don't mix.
Al andalus forgot Allah so Allah forgot them. They helped the Christians take their fellow Brothers and sisters cities. They cut of from the main Caliphate and divided themselves up. I feel no remorse for Granada after watching this Video.
You're viewpoint seems pro Muslims. I really think the Christians were very devout and thought it was God's will. Not just land grabs like you protray. Nevertheless good series.
Thanks - up till now, the story of the reconquista was told from the Muslim perspective. Wanted to create this just to give the Christian side a fair shake. But you're looking too deep about the term land grab. Just a descriptive means of telling the tale. Happy you liked it!
@@FlashPointHx fair enough. Thanks for the reply
After so many generations those muslims in Spain would be tied closer to Andalus as oppose to their home and origin North Africa... put it into perspective the history of the duration they were in Spain is 3 times longer than America has been around. So land grab is a fair term for both sides.
@@paxter82 this rhetoric is laughable. Your math is also very bad. The muslims took spain in mid 8th century. The reconquista started at the end of 8th century. What the Muslims did to Spain was a land grab. Christians fighting 700 years to reclaim their homeland was not a land grab.
sad moment to see the great cities of seville and cordoba fall :(
It was the end of an era. The poetry that I read about this was heart breaking
@@FlashPointHx Dis-unity is the major cause of the collapse of every great empire. But amazing work i love your videos! I look forward to your next uploads.
@@waseemhasan6546 True - at the height of the Caliphate of Cordoba, the Christian Kingdoms would never have been able to do this. Great Empires and civilizations are destroyed from within.
@@FlashPointHx sad for the muslims yes... but who really cares about that. they should have stayed in africa if they dont like war
Pero momento muy especial y glorioso para los cristianos, que vieron de nuevo reconquistado un trozo de su antigua y sagrada tierra, siguiendo los anhelos de reconquista de sus antepasados y de sus reyes, descendientes de sus tradiciones hispano-romano-visigodas.
These brave spaniards gave their lives to drive out the muslims and now they are just letting them in as honored guests.
Different times I guess
@@FlashPointHx Not for the muslims.
Well. the war is coming again in Spain, is written in many phrofecies, the big battle will be hold in the Pyrennies, and again we will save our homeland.
Why written in Hebrew? Were there actually hebrew talkers? i don't think so. So it was written in the language that Jews used in religious stuff. Not worthy and soon they would find a jewish problem.
You mean the inscription on his tomb? Hebrew was a major language of the time. Granted it was in decline at this point, but still very prominent. In the north the Jews under Christian.rule still had a reasonable lifestyle. That was going to change in the following centuries.
Your saying the Jews spoke Hebrew as opposed to Spanish? Hmmm. if so they kept very segregated.
they could not of been more then 1-2% of the pop. they must of spoke spanish too. So there was no need to write in Hebrew especially for those who could read. A small %. i think it showed a Jewish influence that was hurting the muslims as it would hurt the spanish. The jews gain is the loss of others. its another invasion. its not christian rule. hebrew is a middle east language indicating a middle east people who immigrated. The christians are true spaniards . Why is there identity dismissed under a religious term.
It shows why the re conquest had to happen. Today Spanish people love the re conquest. its not about christianity.
in fact i suspect it was coloured in religion originally because it was hard to work up a spanish identity and unity against the Africans.
This is actually a really good subject to discuss - the Jews had their own community and would speak the vernacular of whatever power was in control. At one point they could also speak Arabic well. But their culture dictates that they preserve Hebrew wherever they are. I’d recommend you do a search online for ‘sephardic spain‘ and look into the history
The Reconquista is the best thing that happened in medieval Europe. Imagine a Muslim country on our continent to this day! The horror! One muslim disliked this!
Not too hard to imagine. There is Bosnia, passionately supported by all the western governments and media during its formative years. Then the same thing with Kosovo, the famous Newborn. And the old school Albania (not sure if the majority is islamic, but it certainly has significant muslim community). North Macedonia fights for its life and it looks like a matter of time when it will lose that fight...
@@ilijas3041 Albania isn't very traditional in there believes compared to other Muslim countries like Morocco or Turkey. Bosnia is actually religiously mixed with may Christians living there side by side with the Muslims, at the moment!
@@ilijas3041 Macedonian from North Macedonia here:)) actyally muslims and christians are very natioanl based.If you are albanina you MUST be a muslim ,and if you are Macedonian you MUST be an orthodox christian. the % are 60-40 for the chrstians. The do have biger fertility but in the recent years the imingration of muslims to Euriopa is skyroceting so the % will be stabile for the long term.And the muslims here in general are not like the Arabs and Afganise. Islam is a cancer,(and belive me we know! we where under sharia law until year 1912!!) but its not as bad as in the middel east. Muslm becames SERIOS problem when they became main political power or majority.
The background music at 11 minutes is horrible and I left.
MAGA💩