5.1 Overview of Isomers | Constitutional Isomers and Stereoisomers | Organic Chemistry
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 ก.ค. 2024
- Chad provides an extensive introduction to Isomers and Stereochemistry. He begins with a breakdown of the two major categories of isomers: Constitutional Isomers and Stereoisomers (note that constitutional isomers are also called structural isomers). Isomers have the same molecular formula. Constitutional isomers are isomers that have a different "bond connectivity." In contrast, stereoisomers have the same "bond connectivity" but a different 3-dimensional arrangement of the atoms.
Stereoisomers include two major categories: geometric isomers (cis/trans isomers) and isomers with chiral centers). Geometric isomers are possible in alkenes and cycloalkanes, and Chad provides examples of both. A chiral center, also called a chirality center, is a tetrahedral atom (most notably carbon in organic chemistry) that is bonded to 4 different groups. Molecules with chiral centers commonly exhibit chirality, which occurs when a molecule and its mirror image are not identical. We often refer to molecules displaying chirality as having "handedness" with one version being "right-handed" and its mirror image being "left-handed" so to speak, and such molecules are classified as being chiral. In contrast, a molecule that is identical to its mirror image is referred to as achiral.
There are two types of stereoisomers: enantiomers and diastereomers. Enantiomers are non-identical mirror images which were alluded to above. Diastereomers are non-identical non-mirror images. Geometric isomers are not mirror images and are therefore diastereomers. But stereoisomers with chiral centers may possibly be either enantiomers or diastereomers, and Chad expounds on this at length so that students will be able to recognize the proper isomeric relationship.
Chad concludes the lesson by discussing the relationship between chirality and optical activity and provides the definition of a racemic mixture. As chiral centers are at the center of identifying stereoisomers, Chad finally shows how to identify chiral centers in a molecule quickly.
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, and practice exams, check out my premium course at www.chadsprep.com/organic-che...
00:00 Lesson Introduction
01:56 Introduction to Constitutional Isomers and Stereoisomers
03:45 Geometric Isomers (Cis/Trans Isomers)
08:03 Introduction to Chirality; Chiral, Achiral, and Enantiomers
15:40 Chirality and Optical Activity
19:22 Enantiomers vs Diastereomers
30:35 How to Identify Chiral Centers
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This channel is too underrated TBH. Thank you so much.
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my university doesnt even give lectures at all, they boast a "self study" environment but theyre really leaving us for dead. your videos genuinely help so much im clsoe to tears with gratitude thank you
Thanks - Glad the channel is helping you!
I like these new videos. For me, it's so much easier to understand when you are there in front of a board pointing to things. Thank you for these!!
You're not alone Jaxie. The overwhelming feedback I received was a request for ochem videos using a whiteboard which is the entire reason for the new playlist. There are a couple places like interpreting spectra where I may still use the powerpoint/green screen combo, but most of the course will use the whiteboard. Happy Studying!
Not all heroes wear capes, thank you so much!
You're very welcome Alyssa! And I'd sure look funny if I did!
What an incredible teacher/professor you are!! We are so grateful for you. May God bless you and your genius brain.
Thank you very much, Meti - glad you found the channel and Happy Studying!
I feel like you should be getting my tuition... another great video! Thank you!
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You were the only thing that got me through Gen Chem and now you are getting me through Ochem. You’re a beast, thank you!
Glad to be of service, S.P. - study hard and reap the rewards!
This is amazing explanations. It has a feel of being in class and definitely better than zoom.
Glad to hear this is helpful for you Francis!
Astonishing video so much better than any professor at my university. Should just play your videos at our lectures instead of trying to teach themselves and confuse everybody to the point where no one understands anything. Keep up the great work G may the fortunes fall upon you.
Thanks for the awesome feedback :)
I'm taking Ochem 1 in the summer, which is super fast-paced. Your videos help so much. Thank you.
Glad the channel is helping you - Happy Studying!
This was extremely helpful. Thank you Chad!
You're very welcome Sameer! So glad you found it useful!🙂
thanks so much for these videos!! i just had a gen chem midterm, and using ur videos I got a 94. Got an ochem midterm coming up, so binging ur videos to study!!
Great news - kudos on your GenChem grade - hope you do as well on your OChem!
Thanks for the incredible lectures , all these stuff sounds to be pretty easy thanks for you 🙏
You're welcome!
Thank you so much for the in-depth letures, this is exactly what I need to better understand all the concepts of O-Chem. Side Note: love the shirt!
Glad to hear it, Sarah - you are welcome!
Thank you! You broke it down so easy
Awesome Jayda! Glad you found it helpful!
Thanks for helping me in my organic chemistry prep. Your videos are so clear and my concepts become crystal-clear on watching ur videos. Keep doing the good work! Love frm India ❤🩹
You are welcome - Many thanks from U.S.A. - Happy Studying!
no german-speaking person has ever explained isomery as good as you have - and english isnt even my first or second language :,) thank you, you rock !
You're welcome - thanks for saying so!
Thank you so much for making this, 👏🏻👏🏻👌🏻🥰
You're totally welcome JeanPaule! 6 more lessons for this chapter coming throughout the week! Happy studying!
thank you so much. your video is nice. you have explained very well and have finally understood this
You're welcome, and thank you.
Awesome explanation ❤️
Thanks Ravindra! Glad you found it helpful!
great video man, so informative and well explained and detailed!!!
Thank you!
Great, Chad! Thanks a lot!
You're welcome, Bart!
Loved your shirt so much I went and bought it. Thanks for the videos!
HA - You're welcome!
I have been using your videos to study for my DAT and they have helped immensely! Also, I gotta ask...why'd you punch that well? Lol Thanks for the vids!
chad you're the man.
Thanks!
i love you chad! can you post some synthesis of alkenes problems
Hey - are you looking for organic synthesis involving alkenes: th-cam.com/video/7Rr2LN-1HO4/w-d-xo.html
or alkene reactions in general? th-cam.com/video/2rgtKDCPCXw/w-d-xo.html
Give those a try!
You are so awesome!!!
Thanks Julia! I'll take that to mean you found the lesson helpful...Awesome!
HI Chad! would you be able to give a concise definition of enantiomer? are enantiomers the different groups attached to the chiral center? im having trouble grasping it. thank you for your help so far.
Hey Jonathon, enantiomers are literally a pair of molecules which are mirror images of eachother like the chlorobutanes at 22:00. So we are referring to the 2 molecules themselves rather than any groups attached
your'e the bestttttttttt on youtube I swearrrrrrr
Thank you - I believe you with all those t's and r's!!!
thanks sir finally i can understand about this lesson.Nice🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
That's a lot of fire! Happy Studying!
Thank you!! 🙏🏻🥺
You're welcome, Denisse!
Chad, you're a GOAT fr
Thanks!
yeah u did fill up my whole screen 😂
but i have a small complain about your videos is that these are for ochem that is based on generally US syllabus
me being from india and studying for JEE ADVANCED it seems less than that..😕
and Thank you for amazing content
yeah you would look funny in a cape and teaching the class ..do try that though
Thank you ❤
Very welcome!
I have a chaper this semester called Organometallic Reactions. Do you think you can include that as well? Thanks.
try this: th-cam.com/video/_1ATaPMZrRQ/w-d-xo.html
This guy teaches better than my organic chem teacher.
Thanks, Ashley!
wow! that was easy I have a quiz in 2 hours, I was worried but I am relieved now
Glad the channel helped out - hope you do well on your quiz!
thank you ❤❤
Very welcome!
thank u sir
U r welcome!
im in tears bro
Tears of joy and/or relief, I hope. Happy Studying!
what a Chad 🙌
Hope the video helped!
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He explains to the extent where u are left with no choice but only to understand
thumbs up PC
Excellent!
Top don
Welcome to the channel
Chaddy Daddy thank you
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I love you so much
Glad the channel is helping you!
Chad, can I convince you to teach Differential Equations and Cal 4? 😅
Lol
Walls can indeed be very irritating sometimes!
Indeed!
please post chapter 8,9,10
I'm working on it Michael. In the meantime you might check out my old completed playlist. It was made using powerpoint and a green screen rather than a whiteboard, but the instruction itself is comparable. Hope this helps!
th-cam.com/video/gFUN6VHXDBM/w-d-xo.html
@@ChadsPrep awesome ! Thank you,,
I think it will be more understandable if he wrote the carbon bonds rather than drawing those lines
goat
thx
You. Are. God.
Naaah. Just a good teacher if you accept the youtube comments, which I'm thankful for. I'm glad the channel is helping you - Happy Studying!
thank you❤❤
Very welcome!