She’s In Culhwch and Olwen, which is included with the Mabinogion collection usually. (But not one of the 4 Branches of the Mabinogi). I meant to say that in the video.
The information from here is huge in its implications. Believe it or not I've been saying this for years, that the original tradition of the Aryans was Tantric. I've spoken of this Odin/Frigg tantric theology for years. We seems to have nearly the same understanding of things, except you came to your conclusions much more academically than me. I've have read quite a lot, but mostly secondary sources. Ive read probably most of the Rig Veda, the Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, various Celtic myth books, and besides that I've just been a practicing pagan. I came to these conclusions via my practice I'm almost done with the video now and now I've heard you bring up Lilith and Hecate, and these yet again are comparisons that I've drawn it's really incredible to me. One that I haven't drawn is Diana or Artemis but I do find that interesting because I've always found that goddess herself to be pretty interesting
That’s fantastic. I’m glad to hear you’ve been directly testing these connections out and that they seem to check out. I think the information is right there, so it’s inevitable that these patterns will be perceived.
@@taliesinsmap7938 I have to say Mr. Dolan, as an Indian myself who is more interested in the unadulterated Indo-European root of Vedic religion(pre- Dharmic, pre-Hindu though not completely separate). This channel has been nothing short of a goldmine for me. God bless the celts for preserving these myths largely in a pure form Origins of Kali Devi was always a deep mystery for me, I had bought into the lazy narrative of Native/Tribal/Dravidian origins. There are similar narratives about Artemis suggesting a tribal origin. I wonder how many of the goddesses have deep ancient Indo-European root rather than being local goddesses who were assimilated by the 'conquering Aryans'. A deep dive on Greco-Roman goddesses and perhaps their IE- origins (maybe with Josephus) is definitely on my wish list, if you find time or are interested of course. Regardless, I'm ways excited about your work, definitely ordering the book. I was eagerly anticipating this video since you announced it in your last stream
I just started listening so perhaps you'll discuss the Morrigan. I'll put a couple interesting points from what I've read. The Morrigan has been translated as "Queen of Nightmares" (Mara=Nightmare, Rigan=Queen). In Sanskrit Mara means death and Rajani means Queen. Interestingly, there is a Slavic goddess Morena/Marana who is the goddess of death and represents the winter. Back to the Morrigna, this goddess is said to be three sisters: Anu/Anand (the Morrigan), Macha, and Badb. The name Badb means crow but interestingly is pronounced as Bhaiv. They are a triple goddess of war.
I don’t classify the Morrigan as exactly the same as this Kali type. They appear separate in the mythology. However on the deepest or highest level they probably merge somehow.
I've often found myself wondering about the many names of Rudra-Shiva as Kalas and Bhairavas and Kalabhairavas, and how to parse them exactly, so it's great to hear you guys' thoughts on this! I've got a few impressions to add to this too: 1. What surprised me the most was that you didn't touch on Medusa and the Gorgons at all, so having Josephus on for this one could have added a lot to the conversation I imagine. I believe the Gorgons are typically thought of as a triform group and I very vaguely remember them being described as weaving before too (although this last part could be a false memory admittedly.) If they are indeed weavers it's of course hard not to compare them to the three fates - one of which is often depicted as an old crone - but even if they are not they do feel like they could perhaps be a more fully wrathful depictions of the triple matronae. Medusa herself as the archetypal Gorgon and her slaying at the hands of Perseus slot perfectly into this too imo which was my first thought when you mentioned that William Stevens account of how one could die from looking at the ugly hags (assuming that that is a genuinely Celtic detail and not Classicist embellishment on his part.) The fact Perseus acquires Medusa's severed head as a weapon for himself is very telling in that regard too. 2. To expand a bit on my comments on the last Mythstream, the fact that Shiva needs to emanate Bhairava to unite sexually with Kali in some depictions was very reminiscent of Cathbad and Fachtna to me, who are both identified with Odinn in Völsunga saga as you might recall. Interestingly, later on in the Sigurd material we see of course the opposite picture of cuckoldry between two women lead to the destruction of the race that had been created by the less problematic substitution of the male God avatars in the beginning. Both Gudrun and Brynhild are of course also described as generally warlike and a particularly interesting detail here is the skull cup. I believe it is a common trope attached to rulers who are especially cruel and barbarous (Bhairavas?) but here it is Atli, the scheming, antagonistic opponent of the Gjukungs who does, though, nonetheless appear to be a great warrior, who drinks from a skull - and tellingly he doesn't do it willingly. After the death of Sigurd Gudrun is married to Atli but one night when everyone is drunk she kills her children with Atli, makes him drink from their skulls and burns his hall with everyone inside. After that she fails to drown herself and has her daughter with Sigurd, Svanhild, married off king Jörmunrek who has Svanhild trampled(!) by horses when he suspects her of infidelity. Earlier on when Gudrun first warns her brothers of Atli's treachery she also does so by tying a knot of wolf hair onto a ring as well iirc, so that all sounds very Kali-like. Meanwhile Brynhild was also the one who instigated the plot to kill Sigurd after he broke his promise of marriage to her and as a result of that Sigurd was notably killed in his bed, for whatever that may be worth. 3. Since you brought up the severed head as possibly also a wisdom symbol here, I've also had to think of how Odinn is said to periodically descend to the placed called Sökkvabekkr to meet with a certain Saga. I'm not sure if this place was explicitly related to Mimisbrunnr but it certainly feels implicitly connected. As for the source, I believe this was mentioned in Skaldskaparmal. 4. This being me, I've also got a few notes to add on central European folk tales again: Firstly, the connection to virginal youth between Holle and Diana is probably what ended up becoming contributing to the trope of the demonised wrathful hag in fairy tales eating children, as for instance in Hänsel und Gretel. In the chat I've also brought up in the past the Hungarian tale of Cerceruska (th-cam.com/video/dWtIvPDFElU/w-d-xo.html) in relation to (unwilling) animal transformations in context of the Rudraic mythos - the fact that the princess' young sister is turned into a deer here could well enough also be related to this conception of Diana - if not to Dyaus' attempted rape of his daughter in the form of a deer, as I believe I've previously suggested. Also interesting on the topic of triple crones that need to be implored for assistance with special powers is this genderbent version of The Seven Ravens (th-cam.com/video/9ugy26_nuWo/w-d-xo.html). I've talked a few times about how I believe this fairy tale could very well be directly related to Inanna's Descent into the Underworld, so considering the overlap in roles and depictions between Holle and Ereshkigal it's not surprising to see such a hag hold the key to the otherworldly Glass Mountain here - that key curiously being the young hero's own bone, which may or may not be a phallic symbol in addition to the obvious connection to death. Especially ugly and evil witches in these fairy tales also tend to be described as having "iron teeth" very often, which goes very well with what you guys noted about "black iron"
Had I been there for the Gorgon talk, I would’ve upheld the comparison between Médousa and the Vedic Saraṇyū, which I deem pretty solid. Although we could wonder about the relation, if any, between Saraṇyū, Kālī and other Tantric myths
@@ADITYAMISHRA-h7g The Tridevi would be all I could think of, but now that you bring it up it would actually be very curious if there's no more direct equivalent 🤔 Maybe the explicitly weaving fates are an exclusive western innovation?
@@Nero_Karel Thanks. Wikipedia always lists it as Rta. As far as Moirai are concerned, one of them is a young maiden, one is again a HAG (maybe I could look for some parallels), (cant remember the third). I will definitely look into Tridevi
Very interesting. I'll try to find it when I have time --> I recently found a history of the original Kali callers. There were some similarities to The Lady of the Lake and the women of the Black Cloak
Hel, the goddess from Norse mythology, should not be forgotten. I read she is described as being half black and half pale. Look also for the article Ritual Cannibalism in Europe - A Female Goddess of Death might hide in German Fairy Tales, on the Archaeologymysteries website.
Interesting. I think you are, but of course the argument won’t convince everyone. The hags are members of the Tuatha De Danann, the gods. The welsh parallel is daughter of Orwen, a near equivalent of Olwen, who is a euhemerized goddess. Saying they are only villains also assumes a lot, since these are reduced versions of earlier myths. And these hags still seem to be born of the gods. Then the Germanic parallel (Holle) who is the “Dark and White” hag and who uses spindle weaving magic, is called the wife of Odin and the queen of heaven. Too much like how Kali is treated. She is a terrifying hag but also a goddess. That together with the similarities of the mythic pattern: Siva type (Finn) immobilized at the feet of the hag, his terrible other side appears to subdue her, and her blood is quested after. This is very much an argument that requires taking all the pieces together rather than just the bare parallel, and it requires also knowing how consistently Finn preserves Rudra-Siva type myths. Thanks for watching.
If we can define tantra and druidic rites as ethnic specific mysticism and go with an ecumenical mysticism we end up aligned most with _Schopenhauer_ who states only will exists(idealism) All the trinkets and chants are secondary to pure will power to do things by directly doing things And not to get caught up in extra steps that don't do anything except train beginners But become impediments that distract people Besides _Tradition is just peer pressure from dead people_ And most of the mystics around the world were just relaxed and breathing rhythmically to induce a trance or lucid dream though focus And/or sometimes taking psychedelics to do it Then writing down complex symbolism that may only mean things to them personally as an individual; until its interpreted by others in a _jungian_ sense
@golwapangka but it implies that knowledge was ancient long before the Chinese "discovered" or more likely taught to Chinese people by the Tocharians. Perhaps was worldwide spread, so it makes sense Celts knew about "tantra". Chilean Reches have a similar teaching.
@@nosotrosloslobosestamosreg4115 Well, if you listen to certain sources, this is actually super ancient spiritual knowledge that comes from what we might call "Atlantis." ... and if so that's probably where some of these god traditions originated as well. But in either case, there was definitely an ancient civilization pretty deep in what we consider "prehistory" that taught these beliefs...
Idk the celts seem weirdly close to Indian culture/myth/philosophy compared to other IE peoples especially from what I learned on your channel. Makes me wonder why, makes me wonder if the druids were kinda like the sadhus or gurus we see in eastern traditions (even modern day tantrics, sanyasi’s (monks) and yogis and stuff carry esoteric knowledge through oral traditions and even have been know to self immolate voluntarily kinda we know the druids did when the Romans were taking over and all that (not saying that’s part of their tradition but more so they have been trained in such a way where they have that capacity)
A highly millitaristic culture that believed in reincarnation checks out. I don't think the similarities go too much beyond that. The Celtic languages begin in southern Germany and spread westwards before horse domestication whereas today's Indian cultures developed post horse domestication. Celtic mythos might therefore be a more ancient prototype of anything similar in India. The east of Eurasia is more of a melting pot of competing ideas than the ancient west coast of Europe.
There is definitely a lot of similarity. The celts were very conservative of their tradition in some ways, resulting in a closer similarity to the Indian tradition on certain points.
Ive had some thoughts about Skadi. Shadowy or to harm/to skathe A warrioress who means to assaile the gods for the death of her father Thjazi. She even shows up dressed and ready for combat. She is something greater than only a skiing huntress. Skadi and Sekmet have a lotnin common Warrior godess' in need of being calmed down from their war path, and who's father is a bird of prey (Thjazi/Ra) with an eye removed. Sekmet can have a trail traced from Egypt to India through the goddess' Ishtar and ending with Durga/Kali
Interesting possibilities. I’m not sure I understand how it connects to Kali at the end, but I have speculated that Thjazi could be Solar as well, since Skadi parallels some Sun Princess myths in my reading.
Well Dhumavati is one of the Dasamahavidya forms of Kali and she is a smokey hag. A lot of Yoginis, Pisachis are depicted as hags. They are all forms of Kali. The yantra of each deity contains several deities as well as Yoginis. So each aspect is actually a collective manifest as several different forms both feminine and masculine
Small note on pronunciation I noticed in the last mythstream too. Orddu is pronounced Or-thee. U is 'ee' and W is 'u' 'ou'
Thank you!
I remember her in the Black Cauldron. Is she in the Mabinogen?
@PaulKapow If I'm not wrong she's in a miscellaneous Welsh tale, but could be in older editions of the Mabinogion
She’s In Culhwch and Olwen, which is included with the Mabinogion collection usually. (But not one of the 4 Branches of the Mabinogi). I meant to say that in the video.
The information from here is huge in its implications. Believe it or not I've been saying this for years, that the original tradition of the Aryans was Tantric. I've spoken of this Odin/Frigg tantric theology for years. We seems to have nearly the same understanding of things, except you came to your conclusions much more academically than me. I've have read quite a lot, but mostly secondary sources. Ive read probably most of the Rig Veda, the Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, various Celtic myth books, and besides that I've just been a practicing pagan. I came to these conclusions via my practice
I'm almost done with the video now and now I've heard you bring up Lilith and Hecate, and these yet again are comparisons that I've drawn it's really incredible to me. One that I haven't drawn is Diana or Artemis but I do find that interesting because I've always found that goddess herself to be pretty interesting
That’s fantastic. I’m glad to hear you’ve been directly testing these connections out and that they seem to check out. I think the information is right there, so it’s inevitable that these patterns will be perceived.
Kali is holding the severed head of a Healthcare insurance CEO. Very timely.
That would be clever if it was relevant at all to this discussion
There needs to be more video like this.
I am FLOORED, THANKS SIR
Thanks for watching
@@taliesinsmap7938 I have to say Mr. Dolan, as an Indian myself who is more interested in the unadulterated Indo-European root of Vedic religion(pre- Dharmic, pre-Hindu though not completely separate). This channel has been nothing short of a goldmine for me. God bless the celts for preserving these myths largely in a pure form
Origins of Kali Devi was always a deep mystery for me, I had bought into the lazy narrative of Native/Tribal/Dravidian origins. There are similar narratives about Artemis suggesting a tribal origin. I wonder how many of the goddesses have deep ancient Indo-European root rather than being local goddesses who were assimilated by the 'conquering Aryans'.
A deep dive on Greco-Roman goddesses and perhaps their IE- origins (maybe with Josephus) is definitely on my wish list, if you find time or are interested of course. Regardless, I'm ways excited about your work, definitely ordering the book. I was eagerly anticipating this video since you announced it in your last stream
Perfect timing 💪 needed some Taliesin today
I just started listening so perhaps you'll discuss the Morrigan. I'll put a couple interesting points from what I've read.
The Morrigan has been translated as "Queen of Nightmares" (Mara=Nightmare, Rigan=Queen). In Sanskrit Mara means death and Rajani means Queen. Interestingly, there is a Slavic goddess Morena/Marana who is the goddess of death and represents the winter.
Back to the Morrigna, this goddess is said to be three sisters: Anu/Anand (the Morrigan), Macha, and Badb. The name Badb means crow but interestingly is pronounced as Bhaiv. They are a triple goddess of war.
I don’t classify the Morrigan as exactly the same as this Kali type. They appear separate in the mythology. However on the deepest or highest level they probably merge somehow.
Interestingly Lithuanian language shares many Sanskrit words
Enjoyed this. Very cool. You have gained a subscriber
Thanks for watching
Another very interesting topic!
I've often found myself wondering about the many names of Rudra-Shiva as Kalas and Bhairavas and Kalabhairavas, and how to parse them exactly, so it's great to hear you guys' thoughts on this!
I've got a few impressions to add to this too:
1. What surprised me the most was that you didn't touch on Medusa and the Gorgons at all, so having Josephus on for this one could have added a lot to the conversation I imagine. I believe the Gorgons are typically thought of as a triform group and I very vaguely remember them being described as weaving before too (although this last part could be a false memory admittedly.) If they are indeed weavers it's of course hard not to compare them to the three fates - one of which is often depicted as an old crone - but even if they are not they do feel like they could perhaps be a more fully wrathful depictions of the triple matronae.
Medusa herself as the archetypal Gorgon and her slaying at the hands of Perseus slot perfectly into this too imo which was my first thought when you mentioned that William Stevens account of how one could die from looking at the ugly hags (assuming that that is a genuinely Celtic detail and not Classicist embellishment on his part.) The fact Perseus acquires Medusa's severed head as a weapon for himself is very telling in that regard too.
2. To expand a bit on my comments on the last Mythstream, the fact that Shiva needs to emanate Bhairava to unite sexually with Kali in some depictions was very reminiscent of Cathbad and Fachtna to me, who are both identified with Odinn in Völsunga saga as you might recall. Interestingly, later on in the Sigurd material we see of course the opposite picture of cuckoldry between two women lead to the destruction of the race that had been created by the less problematic substitution of the male God avatars in the beginning. Both Gudrun and Brynhild are of course also described as generally warlike and a particularly interesting detail here is the skull cup. I believe it is a common trope attached to rulers who are especially cruel and barbarous (Bhairavas?) but here it is Atli, the scheming, antagonistic opponent of the Gjukungs who does, though, nonetheless appear to be a great warrior, who drinks from a skull - and tellingly he doesn't do it willingly. After the death of Sigurd Gudrun is married to Atli but one night when everyone is drunk she kills her children with Atli, makes him drink from their skulls and burns his hall with everyone inside. After that she fails to drown herself and has her daughter with Sigurd, Svanhild, married off king Jörmunrek who has Svanhild trampled(!) by horses when he suspects her of infidelity.
Earlier on when Gudrun first warns her brothers of Atli's treachery she also does so by tying a knot of wolf hair onto a ring as well iirc, so that all sounds very Kali-like. Meanwhile Brynhild was also the one who instigated the plot to kill Sigurd after he broke his promise of marriage to her and as a result of that Sigurd was notably killed in his bed, for whatever that may be worth.
3. Since you brought up the severed head as possibly also a wisdom symbol here, I've also had to think of how Odinn is said to periodically descend to the placed called Sökkvabekkr to meet with a certain Saga. I'm not sure if this place was explicitly related to Mimisbrunnr but it certainly feels implicitly connected. As for the source, I believe this was mentioned in Skaldskaparmal.
4. This being me, I've also got a few notes to add on central European folk tales again: Firstly, the connection to virginal youth between Holle and Diana is probably what ended up becoming contributing to the trope of the demonised wrathful hag in fairy tales eating children, as for instance in Hänsel und Gretel. In the chat I've also brought up in the past the Hungarian tale of Cerceruska (th-cam.com/video/dWtIvPDFElU/w-d-xo.html) in relation to (unwilling) animal transformations in context of the Rudraic mythos - the fact that the princess' young sister is turned into a deer here could well enough also be related to this conception of Diana - if not to Dyaus' attempted rape of his daughter in the form of a deer, as I believe I've previously suggested.
Also interesting on the topic of triple crones that need to be implored for assistance with special powers is this genderbent version of The Seven Ravens (th-cam.com/video/9ugy26_nuWo/w-d-xo.html). I've talked a few times about how I believe this fairy tale could very well be directly related to Inanna's Descent into the Underworld, so considering the overlap in roles and depictions between Holle and Ereshkigal it's not surprising to see such a hag hold the key to the otherworldly Glass Mountain here - that key curiously being the young hero's own bone, which may or may not be a phallic symbol in addition to the obvious connection to death.
Especially ugly and evil witches in these fairy tales also tend to be described as having "iron teeth" very often, which goes very well with what you guys noted about "black iron"
Had I been there for the Gorgon talk, I would’ve upheld the comparison between Médousa and the Vedic Saraṇyū, which I deem pretty solid. Although we could wonder about the relation, if any, between Saraṇyū, Kālī and other Tantric myths
@@Josephus_Graecus I will never outgreek the Graecus🧎♂
@Josephus_Graecus Are there any more direct parallels with Moirai/Fate godesses in Vedic traditions? Rta seems to be a more abstaract concept
@@ADITYAMISHRA-h7g The Tridevi would be all I could think of, but now that you bring it up it would actually be very curious if there's no more direct equivalent 🤔
Maybe the explicitly weaving fates are an exclusive western innovation?
@@Nero_Karel Thanks. Wikipedia always lists it as Rta. As far as Moirai are concerned, one of them is a young maiden, one is again a HAG (maybe I could look for some parallels), (cant remember the third). I will definitely look into Tridevi
Very interesting. I'll try to find it when I have time -->
I recently found a history of the original Kali callers. There were some similarities to The Lady of the Lake and the women of the Black Cloak
Fascinating!
53:11 one of my favorite pieces
Hel, the goddess from Norse mythology, should not be forgotten. I read she is described as being half black and half pale. Look also for the article Ritual Cannibalism in Europe - A Female Goddess of Death might hide in German Fairy Tales, on the Archaeologymysteries website.
Half dead half alive
Kali: She is the planet Venus, and was born from Jupiter.
That was pretty cool. I liked the art you used. Its all map shit.
Twenty minutes in and I find the equivalency to be a stretch. Kali is deified but the Hags are defeated villains. Maybe I am commenting too early.
Interesting. I think you are, but of course the argument won’t convince everyone.
The hags are members of the Tuatha De Danann, the gods. The welsh parallel is daughter of Orwen, a near equivalent of Olwen, who is a euhemerized goddess.
Saying they are only villains also assumes a lot, since these are reduced versions of earlier myths. And these hags still seem to be born of the gods.
Then the Germanic parallel (Holle) who is the “Dark and White” hag and who uses spindle weaving magic, is called the wife of Odin and the queen of heaven. Too much like how Kali is treated. She is a terrifying hag but also a goddess.
That together with the similarities of the mythic pattern: Siva type (Finn) immobilized at the feet of the hag, his terrible other side appears to subdue her, and her blood is quested after.
This is very much an argument that requires taking all the pieces together rather than just the bare parallel, and it requires also knowing how consistently Finn preserves Rudra-Siva type myths.
Thanks for watching.
If we can define tantra and druidic rites as ethnic specific mysticism and go with an ecumenical mysticism we end up aligned most with
_Schopenhauer_ who states only will exists(idealism)
All the trinkets and chants are secondary to pure will power to do things by directly doing things
And not to get caught up in extra steps that don't do anything except train beginners
But become impediments that distract people
Besides
_Tradition is just peer pressure from dead people_
And most of the mystics around the world were just relaxed and breathing rhythmically to induce a trance or lucid dream though focus
And/or sometimes taking psychedelics to do it
Then writing down complex symbolism that may only mean things to them personally as an individual; until its interpreted by others in a _jungian_ sense
Considering "Ötzi" had tattoos over his "nadis" and acupuncture points...
Ötzi wasn't IE, he was quite the opposite, he was of farmer lineage
Yeah he wasn’t Indo-European 😅
@golwapangka but it implies that knowledge was ancient long before the Chinese "discovered" or more likely taught to Chinese people by the Tocharians. Perhaps was worldwide spread, so it makes sense Celts knew about "tantra". Chilean Reches have a similar teaching.
@@nosotrosloslobosestamosreg4115 Well, if you listen to certain sources, this is actually super ancient spiritual knowledge that comes from what we might call "Atlantis."
... and if so that's probably where some of these god traditions originated as well.
But in either case, there was definitely an ancient civilization pretty deep in what we consider "prehistory" that taught these beliefs...
@@FromNothingICome yes if not an antedilluvian predecessor than at least a copper age or late neolithic one, prehistoric in any case
Idk the celts seem weirdly close to Indian culture/myth/philosophy compared to other IE peoples especially from what I learned on your channel. Makes me wonder why, makes me wonder if the druids were kinda like the sadhus or gurus we see in eastern traditions (even modern day tantrics, sanyasi’s (monks) and yogis and stuff carry esoteric knowledge through oral traditions and even have been know to self immolate voluntarily kinda we know the druids did when the Romans were taking over and all that (not saying that’s part of their tradition but more so they have been trained in such a way where they have that capacity)
A highly millitaristic culture that believed in reincarnation checks out. I don't think the similarities go too much beyond that. The Celtic languages begin in southern Germany and spread westwards before horse domestication whereas today's Indian cultures developed post horse domestication. Celtic mythos might therefore be a more ancient prototype of anything similar in India. The east of Eurasia is more of a melting pot of competing ideas than the ancient west coast of Europe.
There is definitely a lot of similarity. The celts were very conservative of their tradition in some ways, resulting in a closer similarity to the Indian tradition on certain points.
Well the Horned hunter god of the celts looks almost identical to Pashupata, one of the earliest forms lf Shiva from pre-vedic times
Ive had some thoughts about Skadi. Shadowy or to harm/to skathe
A warrioress who means to assaile the gods for the death of her father Thjazi. She even shows up dressed and ready for combat. She is something greater than only a skiing huntress.
Skadi and Sekmet have a lotnin common
Warrior godess' in need of being calmed down from their war path, and who's father is a bird of prey (Thjazi/Ra) with an eye removed.
Sekmet can have a trail traced from Egypt to India through the goddess' Ishtar and ending with Durga/Kali
Interesting possibilities. I’m not sure I understand how it connects to Kali at the end, but I have speculated that Thjazi could be Solar as well, since Skadi parallels some Sun Princess myths in my reading.
@taliesinsmap7938 Kali needs calmed down by a passive Shiva. A parallel, but a not a huge won.
Ah right. My article on the lunar cycle goes through my take on Skadi fwiw
41:31 myself to myself
Kali is not a hag, she is stunningly beautiful even in Her rage against the demons
Yes. A European parallel of Kali would understandably appear as a hag though. The Cailleach, who you suggested as a Kali parallel, is also a hag.
Well Dhumavati is one of the Dasamahavidya forms of Kali and she is a smokey hag. A lot of Yoginis, Pisachis are depicted as hags. They are all forms of Kali. The yantra of each deity contains several deities as well as Yoginis. So each aspect is actually a collective manifest as several different forms both feminine and masculine
Solid point
Caliech. Kali. Carlin.
In my opinion the Cailleach is the Fate goddess instead. The word that forms her name appears to be a late borrowing to describe her as an old woman.
This is complete Blah! Blah!