Making a Primitive Stone Axe (Flint Axe)

The stone axe was made entirely with primitive tools.
This type of axe is more specifically called a celt and the head is made of flint.
Chert (here used an variety of chert called flint) can be used in the manufacture of tools as it splits when struck by another hard object, such as a hammerstone made of another material. This technique of stone shaping is called knapping.
It took me a couple of weeks to learn the basics of flintknapping. The flint axe head was made in 30 minutes and the handle was made in three days.
The tools used to knap was hammerstones and antlers processed into antler billets. In the first part of the video is shown how to process an antler into an antlerbillet with grinding and a sharp stone flake.
Deer antlers can be found in the seasons when deers shed their antlers.
Antlerbillets are especially used to remove longer blades off the stone core, than the flakes removed with an hammerstone.
To make the axe handle I used the stone head to cut down an ashwood since this has some of the best strength propertys of any in this woodland and is workable too. To make the hole for the axe head I used a stone blade as chiesel and coal from the fire. With coal the fire could easily be controlled to make the hole at the shape and size desired.
I hardend the handle with fire, called firehardening.
The stone head was fitted into the hole of the handle to make a tight fit without touching the sides. This apllies the pressure from the stone in the fiber direction of the wood, where the wood is much stronger which prevents the handle from splitting.
It took approximately four minutes to cut down the tree in the end of the video. The stone head chipped a little where the head had an imperfect bevel. The head stays fixed but will probably fall out if you miss and hit with the shaft instead of the axe head.
25 smaller trees later the axe is still good and usable, though the head has become a little dull.
The axe is historically an mesolithic axe because of the head´s ungrinded form. In the neolithic age/culture people began grinding the stone head. The axe head type is called a biface.