Judea Pearl: Causal Reasoning, Counterfactuals, and the Path to AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #56

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 1 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 243

  • @lexfridman
    @lexfridman  5 ปีที่แล้ว +122

    I really enjoyed this conversation with Judea. Here's the outline:
    0:00 - Introduction
    3:18 - Descartes and analytic geometry
    6:25 - Good way to teach math
    7:10 - From math to engineering
    9:14 - Does God play dice?
    10:47 - Free will
    11:59 - Probability
    22:21 - Machine learning
    23:13 - Causal Networks
    27:48 - Intelligent systems that reason with causation
    29:29 - Do(x) operator
    36:57 - Counterfactuals
    44:12 - Reasoning by Metaphor
    51:15 - Machine learning and causal reasoning
    53:28 - Temporal aspect of causation
    56:21 - Machine learning (continued)
    59:15 - Human-level artificial intelligence
    1:04:08 - Consciousness
    1:04:31 - Concerns about AGI
    1:09:53 - Religion and robotics
    1:12:07 - Daniel Pearl
    1:19:09 - Advice for students
    1:21:00 - Legacy

    • @michaels8297
      @michaels8297 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      dude thank you so much for doing these. this is a great corner of the internet

    • @michaels8297
      @michaels8297 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      a suggestion for a future guest could be William "Bill" Easterly. he is a an economics professor at NYU (focusing on political economy and international development) and had roughly 15 years experience at the world bank as their head of research. He has written many great books. His big idea is that in contrast to the status quo approach of economists and aid agencies trying to reduce poverty through technocratic approaches and top down plans... a better more time tested approach is to expand political and economic freedoms to the poor. He also taught at MIT. Highly recommend giving him a youtube search and listening to some of his stuff. Thanks!

    • @je6403
      @je6403 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      This content is worth sharing!!!

    • @PhillipRhodes
      @PhillipRhodes 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Great interview with a man that I have incredible respect for, and am in awe of. Reading "The Book of Why" was a great experience, although I'm going to need to read it multiple times I think, to *really* "get it".
      As far as suggestions for future guests, I would love to see one or more of:
      Ben Goertzel
      Marcus Hutter
      Pei-Wang
      Fei-Fei Li

    • @wieseje
      @wieseje 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks Lex! This interview is amazing. The outlining is very nice. ML needs to execute on these ideas.

  • @no_name-o2n
    @no_name-o2n 5 ปีที่แล้ว +258

    In a world of AI sharlatans and sales gurus, its so refreshing to have such a non BS podcast.

    • @damcism
      @damcism 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Who is Ai sharlatan? Could you give an example? You don't have to give a name, simply what kind of person you mean.

    • @abu_six19
      @abu_six19 5 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      damcism Siraj Raval

    • @mervinupton4789
      @mervinupton4789 5 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      Siraj is just one name. Every other person who has a TH-cam channel or an account on FB or LinkedIn think they are representative of the field of Machine Learning and Data Science but in reality their whole understanding is built by some shitty medium blog and all they know is how to stack layers.

    • @purplemashine9122
      @purplemashine9122 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@abu_six19 It's one thing to build AI systems, it's another thing to think about the ethics, the psych, etc. That's why lex is very important .

    • @mervinupton4789
      @mervinupton4789 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@dream1430 Check LinkedIn someday. Every one is calming that they are doing research but all they have to offer is some Tensorflow/Pytorch 101 course.

  • @williamramseyer9121
    @williamramseyer9121 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Beautiful. Life is short, but you make my life so much richer with interviews like this one. I will watch this again with affection.

    Point of personal history. I was at UCLA in 1968 and 1969. The internet began on October 29, 1969 when Leonard Kleinrock and his team at UCLA sent a message to Stanford (only the first two letters made it through). At that time I was interested in film, art, music, parties, political demonstrations, and working to save money to go to Europe, and I knew nothing about computers. I traveled to Europe, and lived in Paris, working as a construction worker. I returned to UCLA, switched majors, and graduated from the UCLA School of Engineering in Computer Science. Judea Pearl’s office reminds me of the offices in the school where my friends and I would hang out with professors drinking coffee, smoking cigarettes (times have changed) and talking about self-aware robots, Boolean algebra, transfer phenomena, and multi-dimensional spaces. So many wonderful professors then, and now, who were so kind to us students.
    Watching these videos of so many extraordinary people makes me wonder about the many paths that I did not take, but if I had taken any of those paths then I would not exist to say--thank you. William L. Ramseyer

  • @jacopoattolini2085
    @jacopoattolini2085 5 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    This has to be one of the best interviews I have ever seen. Both Judea and Lex are continuously challenging their point with enormous respect. Judea is also an amazing communicator of complex ideas. thanks Lex for providing us with this content!!

  • @NehadHirmiz
    @NehadHirmiz 5 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    Thank you for being very respectful while chatting with your guests, even when you are discussing a sensitive topic. It is an amazing quality that every host should have.

  • @mfolarin
    @mfolarin 4 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Not just an interview. This is a classic, a legacy for 100s of years.
    The gospel according to Judea Pearl
    God bless you sir

  • @Sickpisspakh23971
    @Sickpisspakh23971 5 ปีที่แล้ว +45

    This podcast is what got me interested again in mathematics. I owe you deeply Lex.

    • @hjjj3821
      @hjjj3821 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Lex's podcast have a way of doing that lol. I never liked math but I now can see the beauty and importance of it thanks to him and all the wonderful guests.

  • @appletree6741
    @appletree6741 4 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    What a great scientist. Not losing his hope and humour despite such a heartbreaking loss makes him a great human being, too.

    • @boliusabol822
      @boliusabol822 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      he was a great human being before too, and if you know about the story, so was his son that was killed.

  • @a.i.newton847
    @a.i.newton847 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Huge intellect, clearly expressed - your questions were excellent in teasing out more of the understanding. Pearl is a fascinating guest.

  • @kevalan1042
    @kevalan1042 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Amazing interview. Beautiful exploration of what basic concepts in causality actually mean, complete with examples. I've watched several speeches by Pearl, but never anything as clear this, Lex Fridman very craftily structures the conversation.

  • @alexchichigin
    @alexchichigin 5 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Mr. Judea Pearl is so amazing! My hart is bleeding for him and his late son. But he is so full of joy and life! I wish I could ever become at least half a person he is...

  • @LiLi-or2gm
    @LiLi-or2gm 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Lex, your talent for extracting knowledge from your interviewees is amazing, inspirational, and very much appreciated by this armchair aficionado of the sciences.

  • @senatusconsultumultimum7815
    @senatusconsultumultimum7815 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Such a beautiful and moving interview. A display of humility, intelligence and compassion by this man.

  • @markp2381
    @markp2381 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I was just reading his book and wondered if Lex has already interviewed him... This channel is amazing.

  • @jakelevi9
    @jakelevi9 5 ปีที่แล้ว +52

    thanks for not doing adds in the middle

  • @wisescouncil
    @wisescouncil 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I wasn't convinced by mr. Pearl at the beggining of the interview, but it really grew on me ! Yet another awesome one, thank you both.

  • @christa6181
    @christa6181 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Mr. Pearl changed my life, most inspiring Person I have ever seen...

  • @indianfyre
    @indianfyre 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Oh wow I've used a bunch of his textbooks before. Bless up Lex for these awesome guests and free content.

  • @nicklezetc
    @nicklezetc 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I just started watching all your interviews, wow, such a good combination of intelligent questions and answers!

  • @ianborukho
    @ianborukho 5 ปีที่แล้ว +25

    How did you cover such a magnificent span of topics and range of intellectuality and emotion. Can't believe you asked that deep and perfect pair of questions about his son.

  • @LikeAndFavBF3
    @LikeAndFavBF3 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    It feels like Lex is trying to ask very cautiously how to build an AGI and Judea politely declines to break our hopes about it happening any time soon :D
    Great podcast, refreshing to see people that actually know what they are discussing

  • @hanselpedia
    @hanselpedia 5 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Thanks Lex! One of the most interesting interviews so far! (and I've watched them all!!!)

  • @erfanebrahimi9748
    @erfanebrahimi9748 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I definitely need to watch this 2-3 times. It is great, and each time I am learning more from it. I enjoyed it so much.

  • @ktiwari31
    @ktiwari31 ปีที่แล้ว

    One of the best interviews I saw in a long time! Judea Pearl is a genius with a wonderful sense of humor and a big heart!!👏👏 A rare breed in today’s world!!

  • @Ouz985
    @Ouz985 5 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    He has to be one of the wisest people I’ve ever seen.

  • @seanfarley78
    @seanfarley78 5 ปีที่แล้ว +74

    [11:30] “Faking it, is having it. …Faking intelligence, is intelligence, because it’s not easy to fake. It’s very hard to fake…and you can only fake it if you have it.”

    • @chrissmithdoe2100
      @chrissmithdoe2100 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      but that's not true. watch an interview with almost any famous actor: the actor isn't actually as intelligent or cool or whatever as the rolls he convincingly plays.

    • @phlipsterroxor9068
      @phlipsterroxor9068 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@chrissmithdoe2100 But how can you be so sure about that? ;)

    • @chrissmithdoe2100
      @chrissmithdoe2100 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@phlipsterroxor9068 ohhhh.... mind = blown

    • @phlipsterroxor9068
      @phlipsterroxor9068 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@chrissmithdoe2100 Give yourself some time and think about the original sentence and your reply - maybe write it down...there is a clear answer, that is why I had to react. Wonderful podcast and a wonderful audience. Best wishes!

    • @chrissmithdoe2100
      @chrissmithdoe2100 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@phlipsterroxor9068 well i thought i understood your point, which was the obvious point that, being actors, an observer arguably can't know whether they're acting stupid or are stupid. my next message was just trying to play along in a fun way. but i'm not sure why you're treating me like an idiot now?

  • @twstdelf
    @twstdelf 5 ปีที่แล้ว +93

    I love how Prof Pearl seems to keep Lex a bit off balance, not in a bad way, but by continually questioning and challenging various points as they're made.

    • @paulstevenconyngham7880
      @paulstevenconyngham7880 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      yeah so good haha

    • @golagaz
      @golagaz 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Great observation. Definitely: Professor Pearl always alert in details, specially it has philosophical implication on some math concept.

    • @ktiwari31
      @ktiwari31 ปีที่แล้ว

      Exactly! I loved it.

    • @christopheradderley6902
      @christopheradderley6902 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I think around 56-58 mins-ish I believe the rifle man example it’s clear that Lex hadn’t grasped the principles early in the conversation.
      It’s easy for the mind to wander off the path 😂

  • @fanstream
    @fanstream 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Such a brilliant and empathetic person, Dr. Pearl...thank you!

  • @TheAIEpiphany
    @TheAIEpiphany 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    A beautiful episode, loved it. I had a feeling I'm drinking a cup of coffee with the 2 of you - that's a good sign that the podcast was a success. Thank you.

  • @Basile.
    @Basile. 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Thank you Lex, I really enjoy the work you put into making these great podcasts. I'm learning new concepts in each episode.

  • @alexandraalan1351
    @alexandraalan1351 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What an amazing interview again! Thank you for interviewing the geniuses of our modern times.

  • @cp3shadow
    @cp3shadow 5 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Great talk! Another good one lex. Interviewing skills are improving and progressing after each successive one.

  • @_mana_
    @_mana_ 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Awesome talk, love Prof. Pearl. Please invite Doug Hofstadter next.

  • @Roman-dt8ij
    @Roman-dt8ij 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    One of the best conversations, thank you!

  • @ForceKen
    @ForceKen 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Yourself and Joe Rogan are the only podcast I make sure not to miss.

  • @panayiotispetousis3971
    @panayiotispetousis3971 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    What an amazing interview!? Thank you Dr. Pearl.

  • @EmilioYepez
    @EmilioYepez 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellent excellent interview - got more out of this than some of his lectures

  • @suzannescholz9509
    @suzannescholz9509 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    My favorite podcast yet! What a fascinating and interesting conversation!

  • @kekelau6969
    @kekelau6969 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very moving at the end , and overall very deep talk about causal reasoning.

  • @Shankarpandala
    @Shankarpandala 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What a beautiful conversation!! Couldn’t skip anything.

  • @ratsukutsi
    @ratsukutsi 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I have true appreciation for your work, Mr Fridman

  • @ラヒム旬
    @ラヒム旬 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I had hard time to agree with many things that he said. However, I was in awe at the end of the discussion. Ended up buying his book. Great talk! Gave me many fruitful insights!

  • @bernardogalvao4448
    @bernardogalvao4448 5 ปีที่แล้ว +70

    "Free will is an illusion that we, AI people, are gonna solve." - Judea Pearl

    • @ZandarKoad
      @ZandarKoad 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      For what purpose do you propose that we are without purpose?

    • @ZandarKoad
      @ZandarKoad 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @anders damin Did you ask me that on purpose?

    • @ammara4547
      @ammara4547 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      ZandarKoad Well am I replying to you on purpose?

    • @ZandarKoad
      @ZandarKoad 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes. Purpose is a self-evident truth (non-emergent). Just like consciousness itself.

    • @JaapVersteegh
      @JaapVersteegh 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      I scrolled by this comment at the exact moment he said it. That was kind of weird ;)

  • @bonnydonny
    @bonnydonny 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Great interview full of key ideas. Worth a careful study and sharing around.

  • @qiguosun129
    @qiguosun129 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great interview, I really like the greate spirit in Prof Pearl.

  • @ayeoh47
    @ayeoh47 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    lex we really appreciate content from such a high level, your are going down as one of the best to every do it

  • @smahtml
    @smahtml 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks for this beautiful interview!

  • @trueblue9560
    @trueblue9560 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Man, that is absolutely horrible what happened to his son. He's a strong man being able to talk about it without falling to pieces. Or maybe that's just time dulling the pain. I love my children and I don't want to think about how I would grapple with such a tragedy. Love of ones offspring is a powerful emotion. Sorry for your loss sir.

  • @cool8888rox
    @cool8888rox 5 ปีที่แล้ว +117

    Hes 83. He doesn't look a day older than 60. Incredible

    • @KaplaBen
      @KaplaBen 5 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      And he is still publishing kick ass research. Like this: arxiv.org/pdf/1801.04016.pdf and the book of why.

  • @raviautar6581
    @raviautar6581 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks again for inspiring us again with an amazing interview Lex

  • @mervinupton4789
    @mervinupton4789 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Currently working on same topic. Thanks for providing material for literature review.

  • @aaditya91
    @aaditya91 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for all of this amazing, insightful content Lex! Much appreciated, cheers from India

  • @snippletrap
    @snippletrap 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    What Pearl says about intervention is much the same as what LeCunn says about infants. Infants observe the world (mostly) and occasionally intervene. Infants (and kittens batting a ball of yarn) are building a causal model from the data -- from some initial architecture and set of conditions -- and resolving ambiguities with interventions. Intervention is a way of pruning the causal graph to make it less "bushy", as Pearl puts it.
    The other lesson to draw from this interview is the importance of historical and cultural grounding in math and science education. We typically interact with disembodied knowledge about abstract structures. But Pearl is firmly situated in time and place. He knows who he is, who Descartes was, and who his people (the Jews) are. He knows how to relate to Archimedes and Daniel and the king of Babylon. All these connections mean that his personal knowledge graph is very bushy. He can approach a topic from multiple vantages and evaluate the merits of many different paths through his personal graph. But if all he knew about a subject was what he learned in textbooks, then the sparseness of his understanding would preclude insights and wisdom.

  • @aviraljanveja5155
    @aviraljanveja5155 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    This is the kind is Academic pop culture we need on Facebook and in general. :)

  • @aaronsnoswell
    @aaronsnoswell 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    An excellent interview, Lex! Bravo :)

  • @alex1ruff
    @alex1ruff 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Lex, it was a really great conversation. Appreciate it a lot.

  • @KaplaBen
    @KaplaBen 5 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    Please do Josh Tenenbaum

    • @samernoureddine
      @samernoureddine 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      do(Tenenbaum)

    • @jonna983
      @jonna983 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@samernoureddine What if did not (Tenenbaum)

  • @MaN-tj7tj
    @MaN-tj7tj 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Why on earth does this video not have billion of views?

  • @lizziethelemon
    @lizziethelemon 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    What a brilliant man! I love that he said the best way to teach math is chronologically! I always believed so. I need to know who, when, and why first! He is so funny, I don't know why Lex isn't laughing harder. As a roboticist, this is undoubtedly my favorite episode!

  • @subirdas0
    @subirdas0 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Absolutely fabulous work! Love it.

  • @7447744774477447
    @7447744774477447 ปีที่แล้ว

    The role of the equation sign in physics and what is implied by the causal relations from 20:00 to 22:22 is mind blowing

  • @elyaizen
    @elyaizen 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much Lex! Could we please get automatic captions?

  • @jonaqueue
    @jonaqueue 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hell yeah!!!! Read my mind with that guest!

  • @jojoandthecats
    @jojoandthecats 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I wish I could be 10% as intuitively intelligent as prof. Pearl - great video.

  • @shaikan0
    @shaikan0 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Who the fuck is disliking these podcasts? Honestly, it blows my mind. I understand you might not like the topic at hand or the guest but to take the time to go on and dislike such high quality of content is absurd.

  • @NikolayMurzin
    @NikolayMurzin 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I was waiting for this one!

  • @michaelkollo7032
    @michaelkollo7032 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Thanks @Lex. It was an interesting conversation that tried to align a mental model of reality, that is very human and uses terms like causation, and structure, to some of the mental models that a pure pattern recognition algorithm can build from raw observation of the world (eg a baby of another specie of being for example).
    Can we 'learn' how to build mental models, is the topic that you kept coming back to.

  • @tabishumaransari
    @tabishumaransari 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Beautiful conversation

  • @dudeshiya
    @dudeshiya ปีที่แล้ว

    Gosh Judea is amazingly sharp despite his age. A real genius.

  • @NReidy182
    @NReidy182 5 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    Lex, can you get Ben Goertzel from SingularityNET on if possible? Thanks

  • @lugas2267
    @lugas2267 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    what a wonderful exchange tyg

  • @muneshchauhan
    @muneshchauhan 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    44:30 - "Metaphor is an expert system ..." great comment by Pearl.

  • @KyleGushue
    @KyleGushue 5 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Thank you for respecting the artistic integrity of your podcast and putting ads at the beginning! Sean Carrol has degraded his podcast significantly by having interruptions for unrelated things in the middle of a deep conversation.

  • @dawwdd
    @dawwdd 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I see Lex Fridman AI Podcast im just spaming like button

  • @mmjxtragood6528
    @mmjxtragood6528 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    "...the strings behind the facts." Awesome!

  • @yuehhanhuang2573
    @yuehhanhuang2573 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    wow... tear in my eye from 1:09:53
    "Today is father's day"

  • @dacioferreira7127
    @dacioferreira7127 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Great talk. Could you speak with Michael Jordan.

  • @ShaulKedem
    @ShaulKedem 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    excellent talk, a real giant

  • @xthesayuri5756
    @xthesayuri5756 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Again a great conversation. Keep it going :)

  • @oudarjyasensarma4199
    @oudarjyasensarma4199 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    This might be Inconvenient but it looks like the *Turing Award* behind him!
    Thanks for the Podcast BTW!

  • @EvanZamir
    @EvanZamir 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The important thing to understand is that when we *do not* add arrows to the causal diagram it is an explicit assumption that there is no causality in between two variables. And that is essentially the default in many observational studies. What causal inference does is allow one to explore and better understand how those implicit or explicit assumptions actually influence the analysis of the data and conclusions that can or can't be made logically. At least, that's the important takeaway for me.

  • @Jaroen66
    @Jaroen66 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Only through min 11, but it's already obvious this must be a like

  • @Qurat4k
    @Qurat4k 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great talk ..

  • @ogfrostman
    @ogfrostman 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really good conversation

  • @TheUnseenRapper
    @TheUnseenRapper 5 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    "You can't fake free will if you don't have it" -Judea Pearl

    • @TheUnseenRapper
      @TheUnseenRapper 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@SalarymanNoMore I think, that's exactly the point, he's saying that no other comparison to what we'd call 'free will' exists...

    • @TheUnseenRapper
      @TheUnseenRapper 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@SalarymanNoMore The quote is paradoxical in a sense

    • @TheUnseenRapper
      @TheUnseenRapper 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@SalarymanNoMore No, that would be a subjective view / perspective of intelligence; not really intelligence.

    • @mennol3885
      @mennol3885 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@SalarymanNoMore ??? How can you fake a higher order of intelligence. If people try to fake intelligence by using smart words and throwing in a few premeditated comments, they appear as stupid as people walking around naked. Can you pretend to be good at chess in a chess competition?

    • @mennol3885
      @mennol3885 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@skierpage Then both sides faked intelligence.

  • @sathvikudupa1668
    @sathvikudupa1668 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Not on Spotify?

  • @gailweatherall7827
    @gailweatherall7827 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very interesting...I shall follow up

  • @wj021
    @wj021 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm from China, recently I bought the Chinese version of 《The Book of Why》, I want to read the book firstly and review this video later.

  • @azizutkuozdemir
    @azizutkuozdemir 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Illisuon of free will :). I like this guy.

  • @shashanks.k855
    @shashanks.k855 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love Judea Pearl!

  • @karljay7473
    @karljay7473 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    @1:21:25 "Put a counterfactual in terms of a model surgery" ?? what does this mean? I get the counterfactual, I don't get the "in terms of model surgery" part.

  • @paladinsmith7050
    @paladinsmith7050 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    2 of the biggest dangers imo is the fact that generals are going to get their hands on it for war. Secondly the creation of A.I could start a war itself if leaders realize the power advantage because someone is going to create it first.

  • @MarcelPhilips
    @MarcelPhilips ปีที่แล้ว +166

    I admire the financial independence of people, But you can live better if you work a little more. After watching this I think there are people out there, on the extreme, who plan to die early just to be able to retire early. To each their own but to me, retirement isn't just about not having to work, it's about having the freedom to do whatever you might reasonably want, such as travel, buying things, enjoying life, etc. I don't think I could retire with less than $3m in income-generating investments, maybe $2m at the very minimum. I plan to work until I'm at least 45

    • @harrisonjamie794
      @harrisonjamie794 ปีที่แล้ว

      Nobody knows anything, you need to create your own process, manage risk and stick to the plan, through thick or thin while also continuously learning from mistakes and improving

    • @MarcelPhilips
      @MarcelPhilips ปีที่แล้ว

      @@harrisonjamie794 Having an investment adviser is the best way to go about the market right now, especially for near-retirees, I've been in touch with a coach for a while now mostly cause I lack the depth knowledge and mental fortitude to deal with these recurring market conditions, I netted over $220K during this dip, that made it clear there's more to the market that we avg joes don't know

    • @harrisonjamie794
      @harrisonjamie794 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@MarcelPhilips Who’s the person guiding you

    • @MarcelPhilips
      @MarcelPhilips ปีที่แล้ว

      @@harrisonjamie794 credits to *MARTHA ALONSO HARA*, one of the best portfolio managers out there. she's well known, you should look her up

    • @harrisonjamie794
      @harrisonjamie794 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@MarcelPhilips Thank you, I just checked her out and I have sent her an email. I hope she gets back to me soon.

  • @egexiang588
    @egexiang588 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    this one is my favorite !

  • @josephbertrand5558
    @josephbertrand5558 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hey Lex. Your are awesome!!! Keep being so dope!!!!!!

  • @Hastingsnow
    @Hastingsnow ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you!

  • @Gytax0
    @Gytax0 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    @Lex Fridman try to get Julia Galef on your podcast. I'm sure she would be a great guest.

  • @ej9806
    @ej9806 5 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    interview Geoffrey Hinton

  • @s.rsathvik7157
    @s.rsathvik7157 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    When is the Grant Sanderson one?

  • @kyleschlicht4800
    @kyleschlicht4800 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Saw the Teal book in the background "De Re Metallica" . After looking the book up I'm somewhat disheartened that Judea Pearl isn't a heavy metal fan

    • @kevalan1042
      @kevalan1042 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      haha, well this is Fridman's studio so there's still a chance