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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 ก.ย. 2024
- This episode was made in partnership with The Kavli Prize. The Kavli Prize honors scientists for breakthroughs in astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience - transforming our understanding of the big, the small, and the complex.
From removing glare in windows to making pacemakers safer, monolayers hold a number of possibilities for advances in future technology.
Hosted by: Hank Green (he/him)
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• Sphere Deposition on a...
• Self Assembled Monolay...
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I can't help but think that Monty Python's "Royal Society for Putting Things on Top of Other Things" has finally been vindicated.
this is great
I’m a chemical engineer who works with silicon wafer production and this is basically what we do at work in an extremely broad level.
It sounds so counterintuitive to coat a glass in something to make it clearer yet so logical after having it explaned
Kinda (only slightly) disappointed he didn't mention the use of gold coating on glass for NASA's space visors... and the same involvement with BOTH gold and silver for welding lenses... more as a "starting point" since we'd assume that's where this would go, for the 180-reversal to making glass "clearer" too... Because it CAN go both ways... haha ;o)
Well, it does involve quantum mechanics after all
But different frequencies of light have different wavelengths, so presumably the glass ends up clearer only in a narrow range of frequencies and maybe more opaque in others.
Many, many decades ago, I was in a camera shop and saw a piece of glass with a hole thru the middle. Guess what. It wasn't a hole. It was a treated portion that did not reflect light. I couldn't believe it. It made no sense. These crazy things have been around for half a century. We just have no idea what's going on around us. We're what they call "ignant". Pretty cool, right?
@@simongross3122 No, the glass disappears. It's not even new stuff. Lens makers have been using similar methods for 50 years.
As someone who applies titanium dioxide coatings to cars for a living, I’m glad this science exists 😅
What does the titanium dioxide do on those cars? 🤔
@@francoislacombe9071 it increases the hydrophobicity of any paint (clear coat) or glass. It can last anywhere from 6-9 years depending what formulation you buy. It’s the best version of “wax” available to protect any finished exterior surfaces from UV damage for years to come.
The added benefit it makes everything more slick than melting ice during the hand wash process, the least amount of friction possible produces the least amount of scratching during a hand wash or clay bar process. The best benefit is how glossy it makes your cars paint & glass; it’s a genuine mirror reflection when done right, and lasts for 6 years +. My packages start at $900
@@Ichabod_Jericho I don't even do car things but I gotta say that's an effective marketing strategy.
@@Ichabod_Jericho Wow that ad transition was smooth as butter, or the car glass and paint after you're done with them lol.
Hmmm Yes if people in my city put hydrophobic paint on their cars they wouldn't have them to take to the car wash every time it rains from dust and sand falling out of the sky with rain
I’m a materials science student, taking my 4th-year nanofabrication class. Love to see people getting excited about my field! Studying this stuff has been some of my favorite work so far.
Same, what school?
@@oakleafwiffleleague University of Delaware!
@@singerofsongs468 nice, I’m at Penn state
@@oakleafwiffleleague ayy cool!
ChE >> MATE 😡
Thought his explanation on how a thin film makes glass more transparent is right and well explained, it is only half of the answer (if it was the whole answer, the glass would reflect less light but it would not let any more light through it than if there was no film). The other part of how it lets more light through the glass has to do with that glass reflects some light because there is a difference in the refractive index (how much a material bends light) between the air and the glass and the boundary between the two is sudden. The anti reflective layer on some glass is the right thickness to cause negative interface like Hank explained but the film is also usually made from a material that has a refractive index that is ~halfway between that of the air and the glass, making the change in refractive index at any given boundary less overall.
An analogy for this is if someone dives into water from high up, the sudden deceleration when they strike the surface of the water cause energy to dissipate as sound and a spash from the impact (and damage to the diver if it's high enough) but if you have a gradient instead of a sudden boundary (let's say you put air bubbles into the water, more at the surface and less deeper down) when the diver enters this. There is no impact, there is no splash or sound (and no damage to the diver even if they do a belly flop from very high up), the diver will just smoothly dilacerate as the water gets denser.
OK, analogy a bit technical, but I think I get it: we should be diving into carbonated water? Plop plop, fizz, fizz. Right?
Similar to graded core optic fibre.
This is my favorite kind of video. A highlight reel of a whole field I only barely knew existed. It's more interesting to me than straight history but still honors the people involved. The story of development adds context to the isolated points of progress you get from papers alone.
This was an absolutely fantastic episode. I wrote my final undergraduate paper in 1991 on nanotechnology which was just becoming a field that people were starting to explore for practical purposes. Due to a number of factors I wasn't able to continue my studies in nanotechnology and graduated with a degree in Radiology instead, but I am consistently fascinated by what has been accomplished. Thank you so much for this "update" into one branch of the science.
Me who knew putting a flame sticker on my toy cars made them go faster since I was 5 😏
The red wunz make it go fasta!
@@General12th da mek boys 'ave da brightest minds across da galaxy!
6:32 "pull out the strawberry method" 😆 I hope there is a scientific paper somewhere that uses this terminology! 💚
As a material scientist this was fun. I specialize in thin film deposition for electronic and quantum materials, but the physical principles behind thin films in electronic and biologic applications are very interesting. I really think Hank doing a video on dislocations and defects in solids would be very fun and educational.
flashback to material engineering course
I really want a SciShow video on PVD and CVD coatings now! As someone who machines stainless, even when e-nickel coated aluminum would be cheaper, coatings are a severely underutilized component of engineering!
I accidentally clicked on this vid, and it was so well done, especially compared to some of the other science-explanation shows on TH-cam. It was entertaining, good graphics, helpful analogies, & that all-important sense of wonder. Also there were chocolate strawberries. I'm a subscriber!
Hank Green is reason enough to Sub
New to SciShow?
I came for the science content, and stayed for Hank.
@@wmdkitty I came for Hank and stayed for the Science!
Welcome to the fandom!
on that note, I had a professor at the University who is studying laser-coating for molecule-thick coatings, they did a cool study where they coated bone implants with a bio-compatible/anti-inflammatory/antibiotic layer on guinea pigs
I feel like watching this to the end is homework, but I did anyway and maybe that means I respect my teacher. It was worth it.
The Society for Putting Things On Top of Other Things
Thanks for clearing that up
4:34 - Oh! It’s the Sony XEL-1… the first commercial consumer electronic OLED television. It was pretty much exclusive to Sony Style stores.
makes me think of the atom tick layer of gold on the JWST mirrors, because gold is very good at reflecting infrared light, but it's also very good at having a lot of mass
My father was a chemist at Eastman Kodak from the 60s-90s. At some point Kodak started selling alkaline batteries and marketed them as being "gold tipped". He told me they had a process for depositing gold on the positive end one atom thick, so technically marketing wasn't lying but according to him the gold really didn't do anything. I'm guessing the processes Hank described here aren't what Kodak used to do this, but the talk reminded me of him 🙂
Gold is one of the only metals that doesn't corrode when in contact with other metals. The contacts in a device could be steel, copper, nickel plated, or gold plated. Having gold on the terminals is a good way to keep that weird corrosion from forming.
@@ryanlangan1060 If that were the case then every battery would have gold tipped terminals. Seems to me that alkaline batteries aren't in a device long enough for an appreciable bimetallic reaction to occur
The cosmetics industry does something similar.
Gold paint tipped
Hell yeah, materials science!
Probably the most fascinating and futuristic-feeling of all the sciences! This is the science responsible for nearly every convenience or comfort known to man.
WOW. I've discovered the new best remedy to existential dread. How can anything be *that* bad when we're doing this, too?
This helped so much more to understand SAMs for my Nano-med class!!!
You know your a pane in the glass when people see right through you 🤣
Hey, glad to see ya, Hank! My favorite SciShow Sci Guy! From here to Tangents to Into the Microcosmos, I love ya, guy!
Props for getting through this whole video without using the term surfactant at all XD
Gotta LOVE science! Thank you Hank :-)
Me: reads video title:
"Nanomachines son!!!"
Cannot believe how interested I was in this topic!
I LOVE science but this was surprising fun to watch
i appreciate all the research you do, so thank you!
A very in-depth look at the subject of thin films.
”God created the volume but the surface was invented by the devil” - Wolfgang Pauli
This was one of the best scishow episodes of all time wow
This is going to end up as a nightmare physics 101 test question. ☹️ (Best advice: just draw a picture, add a coupla formulas, throw a tangent in there and hope to recover a few points).
Cell membranes are only two layers of molecules thick, so applying a layer of something only one molecule thick would be significant enough to change the cell's behaviour.
This is how we finally achieve the previously unachievable: spray-on shoes à la Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs.
Matches the spray on genes
Reminded me of Richard Feyman's lecture :There's Room at the Bottom." ;-)
Oooh loved this video and how it is used in our world now
Thank you, Kavli Prize, for giving scientists a much-less political way to be recognized for outstanding performance in the sciences.
Super informative episode, thanks!
That was truly fascinating I've always been intrigued with monolayering and I didn't realize how far it had gotten but I still don't know why the Tint changing Windows didn't become more popular it would save so much energy and especially these new Coatings that they're making it would be world changing to put it on glass of all buildings
You have to realize that when we're talking about better transmission, we're talking like maybe a couple percent, glass let's 95.7 percent of light through it. A percent will not change much.
Really excellent - many thanks.
I'm no molecular scientist, but it's going to need to be a really big molecule to block the whole sun!
Carbon engineering specific structures and patterns including nanotubes, graphene structures etc~ should be done using proteins and protein enzymes. With the AI folding of proteins so good now. This seems like a good pathway to the magical materials world of mastering carbon.
love the shirt Hank
SAMs really are game changers.
Sounds like monolayers are super delicate giving it's a molecule thick.
Not so delicate; harder than fingernails, softer than cast iron. Generally. I mean CNT self weld to lots of things but if they have counteraffinity it's pricey butter and you'd have more luck getting it to flow around using the right laser light. Also not like experimenters prove their nanosized gear mudding.
These old kids take their stickers super seriously indeed!
Well, sir, there's nothing on earth
Like a genuine, bona fide
Electrified, monolayer
What'd I say?
Monolayer!
What's it called?
Monolayer!
That's right! Monolayer
- Lyle Lanley
Well done!
Not surprised to learn that Kavli is into spreading stuff thin.
Buuuut.... If different colours correspond to different wavelengths of light, and cancelling waves requires that we align peaks with valleys, and doing this requires an offset of half the total wavelength, wouldn't every single colour of light need to be offset by a different amount??
An offset of half the total wavelength is not how to describe this. Phase is what dictates if waves constructively or destructively interfere, and phase is in terms of radians or degrees, so perfectly out of phase is by pi radians, but only if the two are of the same wavelength. if I combine two waves of different wavelengths it gets a bit more complicated but they still interfere.
Sorta! You caught us using multiple AR (antireflection) layers sometimes, or accepting a color cast in some conditions. Conveniently colors are in a continuum and high polarization or chirality don't come into play often.
When you first mentioned LBMs I thought of large bowel movement, and after that first time I couldn't stop. It made for possibly a more entertaining but less educational viewing of the video 😂
I do wonder what happens to the energy from the photons in a destructive interference like in the anti-glare coating
how is it conserved?
Great video 🤓
That why love science and technology it self. Use correct way 😊 help humanity go forward
Ty
Your coating bit at the start reminded me of Tropic Thunder
What a time to be alive!
6:07 That effect is weird to my brain. The text looks like it should be in front of Hank, yet it goes behind his fingers. For it to be behind him, he'd need to cast some sort of shadow.
Now I'm just wanting croissants. Can we bind butter to dough with science machines, famous man Hank Green?
A Fablous Video!
Time to improve ship and plane drag!
A correction to the attributions… work in England predated this research: th-cam.com/video/LFrdqQZ8FFc/w-d-xo.html
These are applicable to ceramic coatings to car too 😅
Or fighter jets.
Go Go Sci Show!
Your shirt is peaking, Hank x
Indeed, the shirt is Peak Hank.
This must be how all those implants in cyberpunk 2077 never get rejected by the body.🤣
If the solution to the immune system attacking the pace maker is an anti-inflammatory layer, how does this make the pace maker invisible to the immune system?
I think the inflammation alarms the immune system, which starts looking for the cause.
Preventing the inflammation in the first place keeps everything peaceful.
I don't know, just reading into what he said. Hopefully someone who knows for certain will come along and confirm my premise, or educate us both, lol.
I want a Kavli prize 👉👈
My comment was made in partner by me myself and I using tech that I imagined a decade or more ago.
Why isn't nanotech layering super easy, barely an inconvenience?
duh, "Because you got that social anxiety stuff for 40 years, what's wrong with you, were you born as a gen-x er or something?"
Don't tell me you were that kid that never talked, no bully ever dared even glance at you.
I can do a really good Beavis impression, "heh, heh, you over there, yah you."
Heh heh, bully me, yah bully me real good give me some social skills.
No really I can deadpan Beavis from MTV. "Shutup Beavis"
Yah, Yah, that was cool. Nanytech is cool. "I'll give you a na - no tech, in the balls."
Ahhhh! I need TP, " Shuddup Beavis."
Well it was good in the 90s.
This video was released 13 days ago. For 13 days it was chilling in my homepage and I kept ignoring it cause of the thumbnail. I thought molecule blocking the sun was about some variant of the Dyson Sphere which will never happen in my lifetime. Today I opened the video cause I had nothing better to do. Makes me think what else I've missed because of misleading thumbnail.
Did anyone else keep thinking "liquid bowel movement" every time LBM was said?
Its kind of amazing that these things used to be sifi i remember watching star-trek and now looking back a lot of things are reality the mobile phone is one of them
Satphone? Maybe QM atmospheric transponders? Not a lot of those planets/anomalies were rotten with buried fiber optics Mint Mobile ppl. etc.
"Molecule thick" is vague. If I take a single 6 carbon ring molecule then depending on its orientation it could be only 1 atom thick or it could be 3 atoms thick.
Hank, SciShow! I need your help!
I have problems falling asleep and waking up as it is, and now i live in a place where my bedroom has no windows. I did some research, and got a sunrise alarm clock to help wake up, and dim orange-red lights to help me get tired before bed. But then I realized the colors are pretty similar. How could the same color help both in waking up AND falling asleep? I did some more research, and found that yes indeed, BLUE light stimulates waking up, NOT orange/red. But every wake up alarm has a yellowish/orange hue to it to simulate sunlight. So what gives? There seems to be a lot of research supporting blue light, but not much on the light from wake-up alarm clocks.
So my question is, what color light is best for waking up? The yellowish/orange wake up alarm clock lighting, or a blue/blueish hue lighting? And why?
Please help me finally get a good night sleep. I'm begging you!
Think about natural sunrises and sunsets, though. Both are primarily yellow/orange/red in color. What is different is that a sunrise would be adding invisible blue light (and going from mostly red to mostly yellow) while sunsets remove that blue light (and go from mostly yellow to mostly red). What might help more with waking up in the morning is a light box - a box that emits light similar to what the sun gives off, including the blue lightwaves that promote wakefulness (unfortunately this does require being awake enough to turn the box on and sit in front of it). Sunrise alarms work for some people, but the research isn't there for it like the research is there about blue light and sleep cycles
On the surface he looks calm Spaghetti.
How does the light-waves-cancelling-out thing work considering that different colours have different wavelengths?
Does anyone else shudder at the mention of an amphiphitic organometal compound containing cadmium?
Neat.
wish I knew this was a field before I got so far into social work
This is the opposite of where I’m at. My Master’s was with an advisor who studied under Whitesides, I think. Now I’m working in social work hehe. It’s never too late to start something new!
What a HUGE benefit to humanity! 😉
oh hold I suddenly understand the joke :)
Hank you need another pair of eyeglasses with antiglare coating to demonstrate this while you narrate.
"Waves are wavy because they're waved by waving."
---Albert Einstein
Are there monolayer paints which are super reflective for use with the MEER project idea ?
Shirt? Adorable.
Please explain serpentinization and it's implications to the production of oil
I've quite of bit of experience in marketing applications of nano-coating. Perhaps 95% of nanotechnology is in the coating industry in the form of surface protection. It very mundane but extremely important allowing for breakthroughs in other fields. In my field I was marketing photocatalytic, protective coatings that provided myriad functions all at once. Ptomarily, it's a non-chemical reaction converting light's energy into an antimicrobial surface killing even the most stubborn and dangerous microorganisms. However the EPA has no protocols for this tech and will not allow such claims even though true studies pricing are on record since 1986 in countries like Japan and Germany. Other properties included anti-corrosion, anti-static, anti-oxidizing, anti-fungal, sealing, insulative, protective, and more. That can make pond water potable in treated bottles, solar panels more efficient and surfaces easier to clean. And while it's a chemical, it's reactions are pury physical making it non-toxic to people and animals. In fact many of the particles used are FDA approved for cosmetics and personal care products. While this tech is not new, we are just on the cusp of what is possible.
Titanium poisoning seems pretty far off with well made oxide, but I keep forgetting what to look out for... probably don't break down PTFE or PFA in the nucleus with titania NP around? Titania zirconia aqueous PV look exciting.
FOUL TARNISHED(glass)
was there a version of that script were it was just simply called the "pull out" method?
Fresnel lens magnification? Could the effect be applied to transparent surfaced by layering concentric circles as described? I’m probably way off, but I hope someone can see where I’m going with this.
Terra invicta's alien exotics has entered the chat.
2:00 can it filter out waves that are over a certain frequency? Preferably the dangerous ones please.
Edit: okay, the examples given nearish to the end sound a little bit more important.
This is mainly for less energetic wavelengths of light like visible and infrared. But this example is more specifically for the visible spectrum.
Doesn't change previous surface as a coating becomes the new surface
th-cam.com/video/yn4fuWM007c/w-d-xo.html the irving langmuir and katherine blodgett old archive video for those interested how it started
Wave interference and cancelation...
A useful and interesting science in and of itself
Yeah interference and iridescence are pretty cool material properties. It all boils down to reflected waves either constructively or destructively interfering with other reflected waves.
It is not at all like a strawberry dipped in melted chocolate. That is the why this process required innovation. I can't think of a better analogy right this second, but it really got under my skin when I heard Hank make that comparison. It's rare that I hear him explain something in a way that makes it less comprehensible.
Analogies aren't perfect & I think this one was just to help those unfamiliar with the process to visualize it. I find analogies incredibly helpful in understanding the wonders of the science world--like Brian Greene, who is a master of analogy & made me understand "The Elegant Universe." Well, parts of it. For just a moment. But I thoroughly understood the magic, as I did here. Also, now, I want some strawberries, dipped in luscious, dark, melty chocolate. Darn. Couldn't he have said "Melba toast, dipped in Pepto-Bismol?"
you guys with your puns!
*anticipates the monolayer episode of the Simpsons...*
So if the pull-out-the-strawberry process was invented by Blodgett based on the work of Langmuir, and therefore the process is called the Langmuir Blodgett process...
...wouldn't the process created by Sagiv, based on the process invented by Blodgett, be called the Blodgett Sagiv process? Or even the Langmuir Blodgett Sagiv process?
Or maybe if the naming convention doesn't usually include all the previous scientists, then perhaps the Langmuir Blodgett process should have been named after its inventor and the only person named in the patent (US2220860A), and not Langmuir, her mentor.
Forget the process, the science is the named thing and it makes sense, but of course one can't and doesn't name all the contributors even if one does cite them with all aplomb.
Sounds like a bird blood bath