Daily Life in the Warsaw Ghetto. 1941 [27 Photos]

On 2 October 1940, Ludwig Fischer, Governor of the Warsaw District in the occupied General Government of Poland, signed the order to officially create a Jewish district (ghetto) in Warsaw. It was to become the largest ghetto in Nazi-occupied Europe. All Jewish people in Warsaw had to relocate to the area of the ghetto by 15 November 1940. The ghetto was sealed on that date. In total 113,000 gentile Poles were forced to resettle to the ‘Aryan side’ and were replaced by 138,000 Jews from other districts of the capital.
1. Crowds of pedestrians and street rickshaws in busy Karmelicka Street in the ghetto.
2. A Jewish man posing for the camera.
3. Street rickshaws and a tramcar carrying passengers along Leszno Street in the ghetto, summer 1941. This particular tramline was run between the Muranowski Square and the Grzybowska Street.
4. Dead man lies in front of a shop in the Warsaw ghetto.
5. Two well dressed women, most likely sisters, posing for a photograph in a street market.
6. A teenage boy in ragged clothes standing by a waste container in the ghetto.
7. A destitute elderly woman begging in the street.
8. An emaciated boy sitting on a pavement. Note a crowd of pedestrians around him, including children with toys.
9. An elderly man lying on the pavement.
10. A passer-by giving money to two children.
11. A destitute Jewish child eating a piece of bread in the street of the ghetto.
12. Two children begging for food on the street.
13. Two emaciated children, one of them asleep or unconscious, begging on the street of the ghetto.
14. An emaciated mother with her twin daughters in the ghetto.
15. A group of Jewish men and children posing for a photograph in the street of the ghetto. Note the man in the middle, holding a dog on his shoulder.
16. A young man in the doorway of a shop in the ghetto. Note he has taken his hat off to comply with the German order to remove headwear in the presence of German personnel. The sign in the window reads - “I buy old watches for top prices”.
17. A young and cheerful seller of newspapers and armbands running his stall in the street of the ghetto (possibly Muranowski Square). The title of the newspaper for sale is “Gazeta Żydowska - Jewish Gazette”.
18. A young boy selling a handful of sweets from a chair in the street.
19. A street armband seller and a group of pedestrians on 18 Zamenhofa Street (probably) in the ghetto. Note two advertising plaques on the wall in the background - for Senior Medic (starszy felczer) named J. Singer and for typewriting services
20. A female tea seller serving hot drinks to customers in a makeshift cafe in a street market in the ghetto.
21. Ghetto residents buying and selling bedsheets in a street market..
22. An armband seller making a transaction in the street. Two elderly men on the left trying to sell pieces of rope - almost anything could be a subject of trade to earn money for food.
23. A Jewish man selling his bread allowance in the street of the ghetto, summer 1941.
24. An elderly Jewish woman selling her scarce possessions in the street of the ghetto.
25. Jewish residents of the ghetto shopping in a vegetable street market.
26. A portrait of a young woman wearing a striped blouse and an armband with the Star of David.
27. A woman lying on the pavement in the Warsaw ghetto, starving to death, 1941.