RNA Vaccines (mRNA Vaccine) - Basis of Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, Animation
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ส.ค. 2024
- The basis of upcoming Pfizer and Moderna coronavirus vaccines. How it works? Pluses and minuses. For comparison of different vaccines, as well as events of immune response, role of different immune cells (T-cells, B-cells, APC), see this video: • All Types of Vaccines,...
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Vaccines prepare the immune system, getting it ready to fight disease-causing organisms, called pathogens. A vaccine is introduced to the body to mimic infection, triggering the body to produce antibodies against the pathogen, but without causing the illness. Conventional vaccines usually contain a weakened or inactivated pathogen; or a piece of a protein produced by the pathogen, called an antigen.
RNA vaccines are a new generation of vaccines. Instead of the antigen itself, RNA vaccines contain a messenger RNA - mRNA - that encodes for the antigen. Once inside the body’s cells, the mRNA is translated into protein, the antigen, by the same process the cells use to make their own proteins. The antigen is then displayed on the cell surface where it is recognized by the immune system. From here, the sequence of events is similar to that of a conventional vaccine.
Some RNA vaccines also contain additional mRNA coding for an enzyme, which, after being translated in host cells, can generate multiple copies of the antigen-encoding mRNA. This essentially amplifies the production of antigen from a small amount of vaccine, making the vaccine more effective. These are called self-amplifying RNA vaccines.
RNA vaccines are easier and safer to produce than conventional vaccines. This is because mRNA molecules can be synthesized in a cell-free system using a DNA template with a sequence of the pathogen; while conventional vaccines usually require a more complicated and risk-prone process of growing large amounts of infectious pathogens in chicken eggs or other mammalian cells. Without the risks of being contaminated by infectious elements or allergens from egg cultures, RNA vaccines are also safer for patients.
Because protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm, RNA molecules do not need to enter the nucleus, so the possibility of them integrating into the host cell genome is low. RNA strands are usually degraded by cellular enzymes once the protein is made.
The relative simplicity of the production process makes it easier to standardize and scale, enabling rapid responses to emerging pandemics. Other advantages include lower production costs, and the ease of tweaking RNA sequences to adapt to rapidly-mutating pathogens.
On the minus side, it can be challenging to deliver mRNA effectively to the cells, since RNA sequences and secondary structures may be recognized and destroyed by the innate immune system as soon as they are administered intravenously. These limitations can be overcome by optimizing codons, using modified nucleosides to avoid recognition, and packaging RNA into protective nanoparticles.
Another disadvantage is that most RNA vaccines require uninterrupted refrigeration for transportation and storage, which can be a hurdle for vaccine distribution. Research is ongoing to engineer thermostable vaccines.
Here are the answers to some common questions. Please note that this video is about the scientific basis of mRNA vaccines in general, not about any particular vaccine or manufacturer. This video is not sponsored by anyone and does not represent endorsement of any particular vaccine. The answers below are based on well-known, basic knowledge of mRNA/cell biology and immunology, which can be found in ANY TEXTBOOK. More Q&A may be added later.
Also note: this video was originally intended for our regular audience (med students), so it's more technical. We have a simpler version here: th-cam.com/video/XTLYXmgG8DU/w-d-xo.html
For comparison of different vaccines, as well as events of immune response, role of different immune cells (T-cells, B-cells, APC), see this video: th-cam.com/video/osRo-yz1VQ8/w-d-xo.html
Q1: How long the mRNA from vaccine will stay in human body? A: mRNA is very unstable, it is easily degraded by enzymes in our cells (RNAses). Average half-life of mRNA in human is around 10 hours. mRNA from vaccine is expected to stay no longer than a day.
Q2: How long the antigen (translated from mRNA vaccine) is expected to stay in our body? A: Several days. Once the immune system is activated, it will see the cells that carry the antigen as damaged and destroy them.
Q3: So from A to Q2, our immune system destroys our own cells, is that bad? A: No. This is the natural way the body detects foreign antigens, just like when an infection occurs - infected cells display pieces of the virus to alert the immune system and get killed. The difference is that you can control the dose with the vaccine, unlike a natural infection. And the vaccine does not multiply. The number of our own cells that will be killed with the vaccine dose is negligible. The effect is also limited to the cells around the injection site. Note that traditional vaccines also work this way: the antigen delivered by a traditional vaccine is also taken up by some of our cells, it is then broken into pieces and displayed on the surface of the cell to be "seen" by the immune system. This is the only way for the immune system to detect foreign antigens. The body will replace the lost cells within several days. For more details see this video: th-cam.com/video/osRo-yz1VQ8/w-d-xo.html
Q4: So now the immune system will produce the antibodies, will it ever stop? A: It's the same process that happens when there is a natural infection. So, upon infection or vaccination, antibodies will take a couple of weeks to be produced, the level will peak for about a couple more weeks and then it will go down, no more production. But now the body remembers the virus because some memory cells are left - when you encounter the real virus these cells will produce antibodies again, this time instantly in response - so fast that no infection will occur. If the body does not encounter the virus then, no antibodies will be produced.
Q5: How about side effects? A: All vaccines have side effects, mRNA or traditional. The list of side effects should be available online or at any location that offers the vaccine.
Q6: How mRNA gets into cells? A: It is delivered in lipid covering that will fuse with cell membrane (also consists of lipids) - it's called endocytosis.
Q7: Is this gene therapy? A: No, gene therapy involves replacing your gene with a new one, this vaccine does not touch your genes.
Q8: Can mRNA vaccine change my DNA? See full A in this video: th-cam.com/video/XTLYXmgG8DU/w-d-xo.html
Q9: I had COVID and recovered, do I still need the vaccine? A: You probably do not need the vaccine if your infection was recent, at least for now. The question remains is how long natural immunity will last, and how long protection by vaccine will last, we do not yet know the answers. UPDATE: 1 dose of mRNA vaccine in people with previous infection works as well as 2 doses in people without previous infection. Basically: previous infection gives the same immunity as 1 dose of mRNA vaccine.
I don't understand why you said that there is a "low" chance that DNA is involved in the process. Which? Not null?
In medicine nothing has absolute zero risk. For comparison, every time you get sick from an infection (cold, flu, other diseases), the DNA/RNA of those viruses/bacteria have a lot higher chance of getting into your DNA - you have been dealing with that all your life.
@@Alilamedicalmedia ok thanks for the answer. But I ask you the possible mechanism. I am interested at study this more deeply to become more prepared in this topic.
Thanks a lot!
@@aleshw1224 where do you live? This is not a normal flu virus.
@@brentkn the situation is easy to explain: Without vaccine, we are done.
I got pfizer biontech shot today i can alredystart speaking german.
Got one today. Didnt know that I knew Latin.
I also got pfizer vaccine shot today. Now I am able to feel 5G waves.
@@asnwoa8280 There is a lot of garbage inside the gene itself anyway. Some gene have up to 99% non-coding DNA inside of it but because of that the same gene can also code for different protein for different cell. So even adding something into the gene can do nothing if it go splice later on.
In any way I wonder if the guy who told you that the Pfizer vaccine change our gene tell you which gene? If he knows what he talking about it should be really easy to answer.
My body started to generate Bitcoins.. that's the reason of their decline...
@@Spooferish 😝
The possibility of them integrating into the host cell genome is low. I had to play that back 3 times to make sure I heard it right. Low is not good enough.
I hope you realize that even if a vaccine's RNA managed to enter the nucleus (which is HIGHLY unlikely), the RNA would have no way to integrate into the host genome. You're aware that RNA is different from DNA, right? Essentially, the only way RNA can integrate into DNA is by reverse transcribing into DNA first. Such a process would require an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Obviously, in the case of a vaccinations, the researchers would make sure that the RNA vaccine does not code for reverse transcriptase, and thus it would not be able to integrate into the host DNA.
@@matthewlee4834 how would the body regulate the amout of spike proteins that can be translated from each mrna molecule inside the vaccine tho ?
@@billyboy823 the body doesn't necessarily regulate it. The mRNA does. mRNA is just a strand of nuclotides. Think of it like a page from and instructions manual. mRNA specifically directs which spike proteins and how many spike proteins will be expressed. In the case of a vaccination, the researchers would intentionally design the mRNA so that it codes for "just the right amount" of spike protein. Obviously, everything that I've written here is an oversimplification. Molecular bio and genetics are much more complicated. But this is the jist of it. This is the best I could put everything in Layman's terms
@@matthewlee4834 how the mrna directs how many spike proteins will be expressed ? It just codes the spike protein sequence , do you know the level of spike protein that will be expressed ? Do you know if it may cause any genetic error , potential integration with the cell’s genome ?
Nothing is ever 0. You can't make declarative statements like "the risk is non-existent" unless you know for sure with overwhelming data, and even then the possibility is always there with biological machinery. When you look at the science, that verbage won't scare you.
What about the part that it causes myocarditis
0.01% chance for myocarditis
@@ClubstepMonsterOfficial .01% x 230M is 23,000 cases. How many sudden heart attacks are acceptable to you? How do you determine the number of deaths you are okay with? Tell that to the unprecedented number of high school and college athletes suffering unexpected heart attacks since 2020
They also left out the part where all the animals tested with it died of blood clotts
@Goatpuke I am sorry to hear that. May God rest his soul.
My all relatives are dead@@ClubstepMonsterOfficial
Where can we see the list of ingredients (active and inactive) utilized to create the vaccine ?
@@PhrontDoor I think he deleted the comment xD
@@dinglesworld I'd be fairly sure he does that a lot.... If I ever found myself removing comment after comment cos I kept getting stuff arseways... I'd just assume I was a Dummkopf and not comment in the first place. Tis better to have the world think you a fool, than to open your mouth and remove all doubt!
It has an abortion and some antibiotics in it but it's gluten free and less than 7 carbs it also has electrolytes like Brando the thrust mutilator yeahh
It has an ab or tion and some antibiotics in it but it's gluten free and less than 7 carbs and it's got electrolytes like Brando the thrist mutilator 😂
What are the INGREDIENTS of this vaccine?
I would be surprised if that is ever released, plus who knows what and how many contaminants could happen to be inside too
Covid vaccine and heart issues.
covid and heart issues.
Realizing of course you obviously have little understanding here I nevertheless feel generous - so here is your freebie.
1 - side effects of infectious diseases reflect the cells of the body the pathogen is capable of infecting. In other words a "respiratory illness" like say Influenza causes respiratory symptoms because the virus had invaded cells of your respiratory tissues.
2 - so like keys to a lock a viral pathogen can only infect cells which its "keys" - "antigens" - match up to specific receptors found on a particular cell. So let's move on shall we.
3 - now as it happens the SARS-Cov-2 virus antigens - your "spike proteins" - have a high affinity for ACE2 receptors. ACE2 receptors are ubiquitous in the body especially being found in the cells of......... = cardiac and vascular tissues.
4 - so as alluded to by others in people infected with Covid one sees a myriad of cardiac symptoms to include "myocarditis". Now coincidentally myocarditis is associated with a number of infectious viral illnesses besides Covid.
5 - so the fact that the Covid virus can infect cardiac cells to cause cardiac symptoms -------> while the mRNA vaccines generate those protein spikes which the virus uses to access cells + which are what your immune cells react to = the vaccines can therefore in susceptible people also trigger myocarditis as well.
Moral of the story: if both the actual virus and the vaccine generated spike proteins can attach to ACE2 receptors found on cardiac cells to trigger inflammation - an essential component of infectious immunity - then what matters is......... = which causes it more and the severity of the event. The science shows it occurs far less often and of a milder nature with vaccination than is seen anyways among people infected with Covid.
As an aside. Younger people are more active than older usually more sedentary folks. This means they "work" their hearts more. So the likeliest reason why younger people tend to be symptomatic following vaccination compared to older folks is due to their higher activity level which places more stress upon cardiac tissues incurring inflammation following infection. 🤨
1/10000 chance for myocarditis
@@varyolla435 so would the mechanism be that dendritic cells are entering cardiac cells? or maybe antibodies are attaching to things with a spike protein that normally use the ace2 and stimulating an autoimmune response?
@@fuji180 The latter - and autoimmune reactions are an idiopathic risk for everything.
The spike protein antigens used by the SARS-CoV-2 virus have high affinity for ACE2 receptors as you alluded to. Those receptors are ubiquitous in the body - especially in cardiac/vascular tissues.
So the issue is that once those proteins attach to receptors found throughout the body that subsequently sets off the Major Histocompatibility Complex triggering a cytokine inflammatory response - the basis of an immune reaction.
So blaming the protein is like blaming peanuts because someone had a nut allergy. It is merely "the trigger" for what is a normal immune response by the body. The problem is idiopathic based upon how the body reacts to foreign "invaders".
p.s. - younger people being more active than older more sedentary ones of course "stress" their cardiac system more given their greater metabolic demands.
So myocarditis is associated with many viral infections. This simply means the virus in question can infect those cells. To be symptomatic where others are not however infers a greater metabolic demand which the underlying inflammation is impairing = hence symptoms. This is the easiest explanation of why younger people are more symptomatic than older ones as they have greater activity levels and thus more demand upon their cardiac system. Antibodies neutralize the proteins in the bloodstream the same as with a virus. It is the activated T-Cells which attack any cell manifesting "abnormal structures" on their membranes - the spike proteins in this case.
Got my pfizer vaccine today. Feeling good, just a little bit tired. Looking forward to putting COVID behind us.
Me too along with my wife and father. We all felt tired the same day. My wife and I slept all day/ took several naps lol
@@Unknown024 That sounds blissful. Congratulations to you guys and hopefully I can get mine next month :)
@@mead9 no it doesn’t lol. Don’t be foolish
@@mead9 It doesn't change your DNA. Please, there are so many educational resources available. Just take a short time to introduce yourself to genetics and mrna vaccines.
@@lexkanyima2195 Again, it's so easy to get educated about genetics these days. Just do some basic reading. It's all at your fingertips. There's no need to spread misinformation.
The first vaccines should go to the elderly: ”supreme” court, the President and Vice president, and then the Congress. Since they "manage" the country, they should be protected first. Next the corporate barons. Last, those who wish to take it voluntarily.
yup that sounds right. Before forcing it on others.
@@jonathanhadley2555 i think you misunderstood his comment
I will wait some years to see how the people who take it it’s doing and then I will decide.
@Babyface0603 you talk about the risks of "long-haulers" but not of those who took the vaccine. Oh right, the vaccine isnt even out yet. You never know how bad it will be, or how good the vaccine will be. You take a risk taking the vaccine as well.
Fda approved oxicotton didn't they?
@Babyface0603 my body my choice .
@@supernucleargaming1851 No, the FDA did not approve "oxicotton." 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 If you're going to try to be a smartass, spell it right. They approved oxycodone and oxycontin, which is the extended release form of oxycodone. Both are powerful pain relievers and do their job well. The issues with them are over-prescribing and failure to check on patients during and after use. Oxycodone has a valid place in the pharmacy. You should aim your guns at irresponsible doctors, not the FDA.
I been doing some research and find out the vaccine makes people infertile .
Why isn't there anything on the web about if the antibodies are ever stopped from being manufactured by the body?
It's the regular process of producing antibodies (just like when there is a natural infection). So antibodies will take a couple of weeks to produce, the level will peak for about a couple more weeks and then it will go down, no more production. But now the body remembers the virus because some memory cells are left - when you are infected with the real virus they can produce antibodies again, this time instantly in response. If the body does not encounter the virus then, no antibodies will be produced. We have some other videos about basic immunology in our playlist if you want to learn more.
@@davidsmith2356 it isnt DNA it isnt modyfying our DNA or RNA, furthermore id bet all the money in the world that most of the food you eat id genetically modified, as that has been the norm for nearly all fruits and vegetables for decades in Europe and America. Without it you wouldnt be able to have your tomatoes whenever you want
@@ethanseidl6101 yes you can have anything anytime you want. It's called growing in greenhouses
I’m in so much amazement at how great humans are to be able to figure all this out!!
@@Neightlive Hundreds of millions have taken it. I think conspiracies about the virus aren't irrational and shouldn't be censored, but the vaccines do help.
@@randomfullywonderful It's poison
It is a given knowledge, human doesnt have the ability to figure all this out!
Should I get it? Im 27 I’m really healthy, good immune system haven’t been sick in over 8 years and take vitamins everyday.. they say you should get vaccinated to stop the spred? But don’t you still spred if you’re vaccinated? So!? 🤷 & no long term side effects are known it’s a bit fishy..
When you are vaccinated the amount of virus you can spread is much lower than a person who is not vaccinated. Is nice to hear you have a strong immune system but maybe the people in your bubble no and you can cause they a serius problems.
@@stevenmunoz2656 but what about the long term Side effects of the vaccines ? We don't even Know what they Are injecting us with? How long does it last in our body?
I just got pifizer I haven't felt anything it seems normal but I Hope there is no long term side effects
Wouldn't be better to get the covid and survive?
@@stevenmunoz2656 that's been proven untrue.
@@ajax1472 niet doen aub!
you started dying the moment you were born, so flip a coin amigo.
Hi, i see you answering all these questions in the comment section, and id like to thank you for the hard work!
They didn't answer my question, and at this moment in time they've had 8 months to do so!
Seems they'll only answer certain questions.
@@AlmostBipedal OR it's kind of hard to answer 1,500 comments. There are plenty of comments with no response.
@@billweir1745 Question, not comments.
@@AlmostBipedal sorry, I didn’t know we were going to argue semantics. The COMMENTS section is littered with unanswered QUESTIONS. Better?
:3
What’s wrong with a natural immune system?
Study a bit of microbiology and you'll know. And I don't mean this in a condescending way. I believe you might know of many incidents in history where a natural immune system was detrimental for a huge part of the population. Vaccines have done a huge service in partially eradicating certain diseases or at least the risk of dying from them
Uh - duh! With Covid it can kill you! have at it!
Quite a bit actually, it doesn't do a very good job. Take some courses on the topic if you're actually curious. I don't think you are though, you're probably just some anti-vax lunatic.
It is very well done. Sound correct to me with the bio class I had. I had crazy hyper motivate teacher. It is sad that gov take for granted our willing to get this and no time to explain how it works like you do. Your comment section is gold for more precise info. I will do more research but you vid is by far the best one that not trigger my education from my old teacher.
Edit for grammar
Edited for grammar; grammar still stinks
Hey there, nice video, detailed and understandable. When the antigen is displayed on our own cells where it is recognized by the immune system 0:54 I would like to know what will happens as the immune system will start fighting our own cells with this new antigen display on its surface. It might be that the antigen are just release outside the cell, not causing the LT to attack the cells but only the antigen ?
And also if you have time, how does the vaccine target specific cells and will not spread in your body to integrate mRNA in cells like neurons. Thanks :)
The cells that display the antigen will be killed by the the immune system, yes, but dont panic just yet :) This is the natural way the body detects foreign antigens, just like when an infection occurs, and this step is essential for the body to "see" it and react by producing antibodies. The difference is that you can control the dose with the vaccine, unlike a natural infection. And the vaccine does not multiply. The number of our own cells that will be killed with the vaccine dose is very very minimal, having no meaningful effect. BTW, the traditional vaccines also work this way: the antigen delivered by a traditional vaccine is also taken up by some of our cells, it is then broken into pieces and displayed on the surface of the cell to be "seen" by the immune system, same way.
The targeting of specific cells is still subject of intensive research. Ideally (and this is done in so-called "personalized medicine" to treat cancer, for example), dendritic cells of the person are isolated, transfected with the mRNA, and then injected back to the person, but it is not practical for regular vaccine (too much resource needed). But, mRNA molecules are very unstable, they are degraded quickly by the enzymes in our body. It is actually a challenge to get them to the cells intact. And when injected, the first cells they encounter will be the immune cells. Inside a cell mRNA is degraded by enzymes too. So efforts are actually made in the direction of making them more stable to do their job before being degraded. With the dose of the vaccine (and this thing does not multiply), the chance that it gets into the brain and integrated in the DNA is virtually zero. Of course, no medicines or procedures have zero risk, but you get the idea.
@@Alilamedicalmedia So nicely explained!
@@Alilamedicalmedia Thank you!
@@Alilamedicalmedia have you seen any articles about managing expectations of the vaccine? I heard of one that claimed people should prepare to be sick for a few days after their first or second dose. I'm not saying that I heard correctly, but if that's true does that contradict your statement on having no effect on our health whatsoever? Thanks for the reply and great video!
I am glad you point that out. Of course all vaccines have side effects, and you should expect to be "under the weather" for a day in general, although not everyone will experience that. I believe you refer to the answer i gave in this thread? It's about that specific point (the number of our own cells that will die during the process). Besides, those side effects and your general health are not the same. But thanks for pointing that out, i will edit that answer now to prevent other from misunderstanding. I would be a fool to make that kind of statement about any particular vaccine, or medicine for that matter.
No thanks!
they’re playing god with these things
God isn't evidently real, so we can't be playing "god"
Why some people died of heart attacks or clots?
Some people also choke on food and die your point
@@terrificpage347 you're a bot.
@@terrificpage347 Shalom rabbi
Shalom
Because cells cannot get oxygen and food molecules due which the cells of heart die
im unvaxed and perfectly fine ! its ppl that got the shots are dying slowly careful about hospitals now days alot of them are under trained in logic !
I got the Pfizer vaccine two days ago and died shortly thereafter...
The question that does not seem to be answered is , that normally vaccines takes years to develop and as such they are able to observe results over the long-term. What are the long-term health risks of taking the MRNA style vaccine.?
There is no evidence to suggest that this vaccine is unsafe. It only takes a couple of months to make a vaccine, its the clinical trials that take the longest time. This coupled with limited funding is why new vaccines take so long. With this vaccine, the same number of individuals have been trialled as in any other trial. Its been accelerated as phases have been allowed to 'overlap'. Not to mention massive financial investments and a very large group of willing voulenteers. Put all these things together and you have a vaccine thats ready in 10 months.
We have known about mRNA vaccines for years now and have been demonstrated to be safe on animals numerous times (which is how we base every model in clinical trials).
@@godmsci5653 the absence of evidence is not in itself evidence.
@@particularbaptistvoice9492 read my comment again. There is lots of evidence it is not dangerous
@@godmsci5653 I am still not seeing where it is conclusively safe in the long-term.
@@particularbaptistvoice9492 They have been tested and used on animals for years with no adverse results.
All claims should be considered as alleged until proven.
"All claims should be considered as alleged until proven" said the FAKE PROFILE.
@@codapx5525 You're profile looks as fake as his. The pot calling the kettle black.
"Safer to produce" pronounced "cheaper to produce"
Hence the clinical trials. Does that also include the claims made by antivaxxers?
even this statement ;)
I got my first Pfizer shot yesterday, I can feel my 5G powers coming in guys 🤣
Pfizer isn't rna its old version style. So maybe 3g
@@ggwoman cry now and cry later for you huh
If you get any unusual symptoms of any kind in the next 30 days please post them here. Thanks.
My cell signal is low where you at 😂😂
Pfizer gang! One thing though, I think I need to update my vaccine chip’s firmware. I’m getting these weird urges to smash my MacBook and buy a Microsoft Surface.
Did this age well?
Won't your immune system attack the healthy cells that have the protein spikes on them?
That’s the point of vaccine, you want them to attack it so it so that when you get the real deal (actual virus) it is prepared and can easily manage it.
@@maoomph YES! Once your immune system "knows" about the antigens, the protein spikes, then it can find the same more quickly on any virus particles that you may get.
@@LegendJeff There is a possibility of that happening but the probability is at most 1 in millions as most developed autoimmune diseases that are due to infection is due to the pathogens strength or vigor, and since vaccines are weakened or highly modified form of the virus or its nucleic acid the possibility of developing one is close to none.
@@asmrfoodieuk7965 I’ve read it from a scientific article, not about this vaccine but vaccines in general.
@@LegendJeff Because you're only taking two shots of it a year. For the possibility of an autoimmune attack. You would have to take the vaccine consistently for a long time so that you can keep expressing those spike proteins on your cells to get them destroyed.
Fascinating! My question is though, why wasn't a COVID-19 vaccine made earlier on in the pandemic the 'traditional' way?? You know, by growing COVID in chicken eggs and denaturing the virus and at least getting a vaccine out while numbers were still relatively low? Was the process of doing so with COVID not possible?
There are actually some conventional inactivated, and even live-attenuated, vaccines being developed by some other companies, but most are still in phase 1 or 2. mRNA vaccines are easier and faster to develop so that may explain why they would become available first. In term of timing, i believe the companies started the process as soon as they saw a need. Aside from business sense, you would need a large number of infections for clinical trials, so it wouldn't work when the numbers are low. This is also the reason a number of vaccines and antiviral drugs were abandoned in the past at the clinical trial stage due to not having enough infections.
@@Alilamedicalmedia Interesting that definitely makes sense. Thanks for the video! I was wondering what the difference was between a conventional vaccine and an mRNA vaccine and your video definitely answered that :)
Among many other things those chicken egg trays need to be in a "breeder" of which you need a full factory for. Those factories have to be build. They are not just "there". And even then you usually need a few month to get your vaccine.
@Bob Johnson Dear Bob, then why does it kill so many of my patients?
@Bob Johnson I had to look that word up "Shill" - no you got my attention. Since you know so much, please explain what you claimed: HOW are the vaccines (plural, you got that wrong in the first place) kill more people than SARS-CoV2? By what mechanism exactly? I guess you must know, since you claimed it would.
why not research the coronavirus vaccine in a tranditional way (many successful examples in past) which should be, based on my common sense, more reliable and bear a low risk ? This "mRNA vaccine" has some risk which is not demostrated !
There are some conventional vaccines coming up next (they are mostly in phase 1 or 2), if successful. mRNA vaccines are in theory safer and research in animals has been going for a while.
@@Alilamedicalmedia I also think that large scale production is easiest to upscale quickly with mRNA vaccines, which will be necessary when they get approved.
@@Alilamedicalmedia Sorry, "theory safer" seems not good argument. Just as "Gene Technik" food is not preferred by customers at least in EU coutries.
@@Dreeblet Yes, large scale production of "mRNA" is big advantage but the transport and storage need super freezing temperature (-74°C) which is far below the limits of normal refrigrators (-20°C).
@@leqiaop1840 While I share a certain aversion with you when it comes to GMO crops, not all of them are bad. We need to learn to differentiate more. And the "theory" is part of life: you can never fully predict how 7+ billion people will react to a medication. But knowing how the technology works and how to manuever the risks makes it safer.
So how does the message sequence stop the spike protein from repeating process multiple times and what is the estimated time sequence remains in manufacturing mode?
Yea.
1:10 says less is more, so why did my dad have three vaccines in less than a year? Also, 2:50 vaccines are NOT administered intravenously… it’s intramuscularly. It makes me question the validity of the entire video.
Why hasn't the cold, flu, herpes, aids cancer been cured? They have been with us for ages, and current covid strain is recent but they have figured it out......🧐
The flu, if you mean Influenza, there are vaccines, common cold is caused by over 200 different viruses and you don’t really need it. Cancer is not a virus, cancer is caused by problems on cell division, and there are different mechanisms. But we have VPH vaccine, which prevents oropharyngeal and cervical cancer.
It's a NEW process that SEEMS like a better process. I hope that it does work well, but because of that I will WAIT until long term studies are done. Is that not a choice that I should have????
Makes sense. Its new medical technology... 100% reasonable my dude
Interesting new technology, but only with the same safety tests as the conventional vaccinations.
You mean the ones they test against other va$$ines?
@@ladyguenevere3501 The vaccine CAN NOT change your DNA. Do you understand what m-rna is? Do you know what it does?
Or lack thereof.
@@hey_in_hey She obviously can't, god gave her dna, how can you argue with that 🙄 I mean the same people that think the Earth is flat...there's no reasoning with dummies like that, they just know better 🙄
@@bokiNYC Everyone seems to have become an expert these days. These people think we should just eat chicken noodle soup massless in a crowded restaurant if we are sick
M -rna is indeed Nanobot tech , they just dont say it as it might scare people but it is a fact !
Source?
Every healthcare professional must know that the rT threshold in amplification in the PCR test should be a maximum of 30-35 cycles. Viral shedding can take upwards of two months, and by looking beyond 40 cycles, you get too many false positives for an inactive viral load that has been over amplified! Unnecessary and wasteful use of resources and unneeded quarantine!
And no need for rushed vaccines.
Death and hospitalization numbers announcements should be prefaced as loosely associated with covid19.
@@sallydeb 56 patients have died from covid at my small rural hospital this year. I’ve seen them die. Just be careful. You don’t have to get the vaccine but don’t discourage others from getting it when you don’t have any expertise in the subject matter.
@@ma-ez3zh
You saw 56 people die of covid19 in a small ritual hospital?
To what extent did the respiratory virus infection contribute to their death? How severe were their co-morbitities?
Were their loved ones allowed to be with them?
What kind of language you are talking about?
Would people with histamine intolerance have strong reactions to mRNA vaccines?
Just announced in UK, people have had allergic reactions to one of the covid vaccinations. Advice given is not to take it if there is a history of allergies. It's not know yet about intolerances issue problems.
Well i wont be taking it . Medical exemptions will need to exist
A histamine intolerance isn't the same as having allergies to other types of vaccines.
You guys are dumb because Histamines aren't involved not a single mention of mast cells 🤣🤣🤣
@@rickiilatino The glycerin is like the neutral goo that carries the important vaccine agents in the shot. Very rarely, people are allergic to glycerin products, but it's the most inert stuff around to irritate the least amount of people.
Thank you for the video. I will take a pass. I'm more comfortable with my natural immune system within my body, and will not be joining the scary march. Enjoy your new invention, hope it works out for you.
Its not just about your own immunity, its the herd immunity of the population that matters.
I agree with you, I will pass on it, my immune system will fight it!!
@@godmsci5653 so take the poison for the team
No stinkin' way I am getting a 'rushed-to-the-market' vaccine.
Anybody remember Thalidamide?
Yes, way back then, it was 'approved'. REMEMBER THAT WORD.
@@oibal60 oh man I remember as a kid, there was a boy that lived on our crescent and he had a stub hand attached to one shoulder and his other arm stopped at the elbow with 3 fingers on it. I was talking to mom saying I met the neighbor boy and she told me he was a thalidomide baby. He was born mid 1960's
As an avid traveler I am afraid to say i won't be travelling to the United States as long as it still requires the two vaccinations. The rest of the developed world doesn't require vaccines for travel and it has been this way for a few months leaving the US isolated and embarassed again. Why is the USA so paranoid and hostile towards outsiders? One would think that the present administration would be more accommodating and welcoming. The USA's loss yet again.
How, why and when does a self emplifying vaccine stop duplicating?
Good question
@rv It doesn't need to, the cells that have it will die within a few days anyways. Besides, the current covid vaccines are not self-amplifying.
I hear it never stops
@@Steady_Valium_ lol
@@zolongOne wassuh ... !😅 I'm thinking about changing the name cause other people are using it now
How do they know what the long term effects are if the vaccine was made in less that 8 months? And how can they be so sure how safe it is if they only have had it few months or so to test it on humans? I mean its been 8 total months since the virus broke out and the vaccine took 4-5 maybe 6 months to make. So that leaves 2-3 months at best for human testing. And why did they skip the usual animal testing trials ?
The lasting effects of what? The vaccine gives the body a replica of what proteins covid will use. The immune system remembers them and knows how to fight them off when the person is subjected to covid in their day to day life. The side effects are minimal if any
Go with your gut in this. The truth is... Its not safe to take a vaccine that's been thrown together like this. Its been rushed, and in any other circumstances, it would take years to roll out. For good reason! Don't take it, if it doesn't feel right for you. I'm not touching it. Even when they start taking liberties for those who don't take it, I still won't take it.
@@michaeljamie2669 The decision if you should take part in a life saving medical procedure should not be a matter of feelings but of evidence and rational thoughts. Now I understand where you coming from: this is all too good to be true, this seems too fast, there are no long term studies etc. But what makes you a good judge to know if it was "rushed" and "thrown together"? What you underestimate is a) that m-rna vaccines are very well understood, which makes them safe and b) the amount of money that countries (like e.g. Germany with 500 million EUR alone) and private donors have made available. This made it possible to do the research way quicker then in other cases. And if you're open minded enough to hear it: The flu shot needs to be remade every year in less time, still it is working.
Now of course it is your right to not take the vaccine. Maybe think about what the reasons are. If you have any questions I'd love to answer them. I am really here for you.
Heyde wrote a very thoughtful response. I would also add that it’s not realistic to think that there would be a way to understand long term effects as we have not had the time to conduct the proper clinical trails to determine that. But scientists have been working on this mrna vaccine technology for years. They just have a bug but the technology isn’t new. Sometimes we have to be logical and follow the science. You should do what you feel is best for you and your family AFTER you examine the facts. For me personally, I will weigh the potential long term effects of covid vs the long term effects of the vaccine and decide which risk I want. I’m pretty sure I’ll get the vaccine unless I learn something that changes my mind by the time it becomes available. I hope no one tries to shame you if you don’t take the vaccine. It’s your decision and your right to do what you feel is best. There’s a risk no matter what. Good luck to you! 🤞🏾
i have some of the same concerns, but arguing the time factor is none-sense.
technology evolved and we are getting better at synthesizing Drugs and Molecules.
so it took 5-10 years to develop a vaccine before, it might take 5 - 10 month in the present and future.
no voodoo magic needed.
The first question that comes to me is-do all of the bodies cells produce this protein and then result in the immune system attacking the protein on all body cells. If so is this a long term problem for the one vaccinated.
No, for that to happen you would need an enormous amount of vaccine. The dose you get will reach only a small number of cells, and a vaccine can not multiply so it will not spread.
@@Alilamedicalmedia Great news. Than I would expect the vaccine to be safe and very effective (at least short term).
@@Alilamedicalmedia I am not a vaccine skeptic by any means, but mRNA vaccines are a new concept to me personally. But with a decent science background, the ONLY thing I can think of is the cells that produce and express the spike proteins will probably undergo apoptosis. Does the mRNA only get taken up by replaceable cells like epithelial cells? If muscle tissue uptakes the mRNA and produces spike proteins and it will then undergo apoptosis correct? You said its a low dose, which is true and so it would be impossible for all body cells to express the protein, but what does happen to the irreplaceable cells that do?
The only difference between mRNA vaccines and traditional vaccines is that mRNA vaccines deliver mRNA instead of antigen. The antigen delivered by traditional vaccines is also taken up by similar cells. The antigen is then broken up and pieces of it are displayed on the cell surface, exactly the same way. The cell is then recognized by the immune system and is destroyed, same way. So in this regard, nothing changes compared to traditional vaccines.
@@Alilamedicalmedia cool! Thank you for clarifying! Couldn’t find much info on that specific question so I appreciate your response!
How would we know if the mRNA vaccines have any long term side effects considering we have only been testing them for a few months? Is it that it is only possible for any side effects to occur soon after vaccination? If so, why?
I am doing it because the risk of COVID is higher than vaccine 🙂. It’s a simple risk management
Check the pinned comment, because everything but the antibodies is out after a few days. It's not that hard to understand that the vaccine is basically getting covid-19 but u just don't get sick.
@@unknownv1065 No it's not like getting COVID at all. It is just mimicking a covid-19 spike protein on your existing cells but with no ability to self replicate or mutate like the whole pathogen. It is akin to showing someone how to recognise a dog by showing them a drawing of a dog, but not an actual dog. Obviously it's not as dangerous as the actual pathogen but nor would it elicit the same degree of immune response from the body.
Testing them for a few months? What? mRNA Vaccine technology has been out for a decade before the Covid pandemic even started
@@Infernoflameblast mRNA isn't a covid vaccine. It's a method to make a vaccine you dummy.
Great video. Has a much more clearer pov. I have a question: which ingredient/process cause the side effects?(e.g. headache, pain in arm, etc)
Those side effects are actually caused by the response of the immune system - just like when it responds to an infection, except in this case there is no infection - the vaccine just tricks the immune system into thinking that there is one. This explains why, in clinical trials, older people whose immune system is not as robust, have less side effects. So they are actually called "intended" side effects. They are signs that the vaccine is working.
@@Alilamedicalmedia thanks for your reply! Is there any video available which shows the path of the mrns in our body? (What happens when get into our skin until its job's done? What happens if meets with another cell which has nothing to do with it?-i guess the indo is encrypted in some way so only the receiver can read it?-sorry im just trying to understand these things :) )
No, any cell can take it up, but it would be limited around the injection site, so muscles cells, and more importantly, immune cells at the site.
@@Alilamedicalmedia thanks! The video above shows a "cell" "from the immune system?" If yes, what happens in a muscle cell?
Same thing in every cell.
Hey, I am really interested in mRNA tech but I was just wanting to know, everything is understandable but can you provide an in-depth(ish) reason as to how not only mRNA vaccines but also how vaccines as a whole can cause life-threatening problems, even though the numbers are significantly low how can the vaccine lead to myocarditis or heart problems?
Word
Simply put, it hasn’t been established that they can. Myocarditis is a potential outcome of any systemic immune response, albeit the chance is typically exceptionally low. Just as additional random tidbit, some pathogens specifically cause damage to cardiac tissue. On example is the coxsackievirus B.
@@kappasigma1284 "Myocarditis is a potential outcome of any systemic immune response"
It's not the vaccine that causes these issues, it's the immune response to it. If someone who had these issues got covid they'd have had the same issues but much worse.
Cool that if you do have an adverse reaction you can't sue! Yay
That is wrong you can actually sue if you have been injured by any vaccine.
@@jimmyswaggart1189LOL naieve. You cannot. Try it urself
Vaccines adopted which are on the schedule of vaccines per - *THE GOVERNMENT* - accordingly fall under the VICP = Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. That is a program administered by the Federal Government per *THE COURTS* - specialized vaccine courts administered by "special masters" - whereby the individual petitions for compensation.
If approved that compensation is paid from a trust fund maintained by the Government which is financed via = a tax on *VACCINE MAKERS* - who pay a tax on every dose of vaccine produced/sold/imported/exported. Ergo your vaccine makers *ARE* paying for those rare serious adverse reactions per decisions awarded by the VICP which are legally binding = or exactly as would happen in a court case.
p.s. - as noted the Government licenses vaccines for use - while vaccine makers sell them to governments with the understanding that certain reactions are possible. Thus it is the government who accepts responsibility as the "end user" = and they created the VICP as a result. Vaccines approved under emergency measures have another program which deals with problems associated with those vaccines.
The fact that Ted-Ed did not mention the self amplifying part of mRNA vaccines in their video, feels insulting and is a discredit to them.
Remember when they used this style vaccine for cancer in the movie I AM LEGEND? Nothing more needs said...
Remember when Indiana Jones survived an atomic blast in a refrigerator? Maybe you shouldn't get your science from movies
@@jeremyr1749 well if I'm wrong no big deal. But if I'm right then what? Why do you need a vaccine for something that what 99% of people under 70 can survive it? Why are they pushing it so hard. Use YOUR head.
@@319speed yeah but what if Indiana is right and you could survive an atomic blast in a refrigerator? What then?
If you watch the video, and attempt to understand anything, you’ll see the mrna doesn’t enter the nucleus of the cell, which means there’s no risk of this insane fantasy of yours
It’s an incredible scientific advancement, a pinnacle of human achievement, and tested on 10s of 000s with no serious side effects. Try learning from somewhere other than movies and maybe you can understand one day
@@patrickl9930 lol when tries to correct someone and gets everything wrong. A) mRNA that is the name of the type of the vaccine it’s RNA is the molecule. B) it’s unlikely to go into the nucleus because it gets used up before it reaches it but still happens. C) testing on people over a few weeks or months with no sides is a meaningless statement come back when it’s been tested over a few years like every other drug you have even been given. D) as of nov 2020 no mRNA vaccine or drug has ever been approved for human use.... Just saying some reasonable concerns might be warranted here
@@TheCstokes99 maybe you misread my post, but the mechanism of action you describe is the same as I posted. I’m a medical animator by trade and know how rna works :)
Low risk of entering the nuclar means that the possibility is not excluded . Is it responsible then ?
Nothing can come without a risk. Any vaccine comes with very low chances of really bad reactions.
Entering into your gnome is not just a “bad reaction” that’s tampering with DNA. These are new vaccines as well, so it’s all be studied right now on a mass scale. It’s like this vaccine is Kraft Mac n Cheese but it’s nothing like grandma’s homemade, she put love in it and took her time with it. Shout out to the guy the created the polio vaccine. He did it for the love! Sadly in today’s world it’s all about the profit smh
If mRNA vaccines are easier to produce (yet not easier to store aparently) then why is this the first one that has been approved for widespread use, ever?
It’s been authorized for emergency use or pending as of the time of posting this comment. While other nations have approved it like in the UK
*"then why is this the first one that has been approved for widespread use, ever?"*
Because science gets better over time...
mRNA therapeutics have been used in cancer treatment for a while now. There's a lot of derp on the internet. Don't take my word for it. Seek reputable sources.
@@rhuiden4086 that doesn't really answer my question.
It's a great pity that this amazing and promising technology has been so abused, politicised, commercialised and illegally coerced in the case of COVID.
I hope this terrible chapter in human madness doesn't damage the future of this incredible technology, it would be tragic if it went the way of thalidomide because of a reckless scandal.
What was wrong with what we had? most of the health issue we have are from our diet anyways.
@@ex8280 nothing wrong with what we had, except it needs to progress, it's time for new technologies that will give us a reasonable chance to tackle cancer and aging/age related disease. There are also other possible benefits of new technologies, such as enhancing ourselves and our immune systems. mRNA is an exciting new technology that has tragically been abused right in its infancy by rogue pharma giants and terrible, stupid people in power, I just hope it doesn't go the way thalidomide went, when the reckoning comes.
"The chance of them intergrating into the host genome is low" thats a quote so i assume it is possible it could effect the persons DNA that would be very bad potentially i would surmise?
Hello! I hope you are doing well. The reason the video says that the chance is "low" is because scientists don't like using terminology like "always" or "never," because that's impossible to prove. Only a Sith deals in absolutes, right? Like, I can't say that I'll *never* get struck by lightning in the future, but the chance of that happening is low. This is basically the same thing. In the process of protein synthesis, which this vaccine mechanism utilizes, RNA comes after DNA, so there's no reason for the RNA strand to be going anywhere near your nucleus. It will head to your cell's rough endoplasmic reticulum and be translated into a protein by the ribosomes there.
IF some foreign material managed to get into the nucleus somehow, and IF then it managed to stick itself somewhere in the DNA sequence, the immune cells will notice the strange proteins being made and then destroy the cell so that it can't replicate and cause further problems. That's what the immune cells are for.
I hope this helped!
My educated guess says that those that do integrate would damage the DNA beyond repair, rendering the cell nonfunctional and harmless in 99.99+% cases, but there would always be a non-zero chance that it messes with a cell's replication data, which would lead to cancer. I would guess that its carcinogenicity would be less than radiation exposure in general, because longer sequences would more likely be inserted and I would expect that to make less viable bad cell replication data, maybe to the point where it's near zero. If you fear eating banana's because of their cancer risk (potassium-40), you would probably want to avoid it. For everyone else, it will probably be a good risk reward compromise. Only use and time will tell how safe it is in the long run.
for a messenger RNA to integrate, it should first has to converted into DNA, and that requires reverse transcription, that exactly what HIV virus does.
my guess is our body do not have tools for reverse transcrption.
@@amreshyadav2758 I can't believe I forgot completely about this very important detail lol. Only DNA can be inserted into DNA, and in order to turn RNA into DNA you need a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase, and neither humans, SARS CoV-2, or the vaccine have it, so there will be no vaccine in the DNA!
I'm sure you know that I just want to spell it out for anyone who's reading and is confused about all this. because it can be very confusing and I understand that frustration
Cells do become defective for all kinds of reasons. The immune system eliminates them. That's normal. It is _conceivable_ but _extremely unlikely_ that the RNA in a vaccine could somehow damage the DNA of a cell. However, the human body consists of about _thirty trillion_ cells, every one of which contains in its nucleus a replica of the DNA that encodes the characteristics of the particular individual. There is no way that a vaccination can "modify your human DNA"; it’s absurd to imagine that it can.
ILL STICK WITH GOD'S IMMUNITY CAN'T BEAT PERFECTION!!!!!
if we were perfect we wouldn't have any diseases but here we are.. god gave us the means of creating immunity
Maranatha.
lmfao have fun dying of easy to prevent diseases like measles, not me tho
We used to protest against GMOs.
Now, we are one.
🙄
How stupid are you. A GMO is a Genetically Modified Organism that has its DNA altered. The DNA is the blueprint of our body and does this by being transcribed into mRNA, an intermediate that codes for proteins and is quickly degraded.
1. DNA is present in the Nucleus, and is longer lasting than mRNA, which will be broken down in about a day.
2. GMO’s have their DNA modified, while mRNA vaccines only introduce an intermediate that is quickly broken down without altering the DNA. Heck, DNA is in a membrane bound organelle called the Nucleus that separates it from its exterior cytoplasm. The RNA only stays in the Cytoplasm so it is never altering/being in contact with the DNA inside of the cell.
Just get educated and know what you are talking about before you make stupid posts like this.
DNA isn’t altered by mRNA. It doesn’t do jack to our biological blueprint.
Let me dumb this down for you so you can understand it. If we play a game of telephone. The original person who says the word that is passed is the DNA molecule. It’s message goes through each person by word of mouth until the final person who says the word.
Now imagine if in the middle of a game of telephone we put a person in the middle of the group who changes the words that are passed around. This will cause the product/final words to be different than what the original person said.
We didn’t change what the original person said, he still said the same words he would’ve said without the person interrupting the game(hence we don’t change what DNA codes for by introducing mRNA), all we did was make up a new word that was said and that caused a new word to be said at the end(hence, a new protein product that wasn’t present in codons in our DNA).
Just go read a book that actually has factual science and not some pseudoscience crap.
Nanooctopus in vaccaine why
The best thing to do is have a strong immune system and avoid vaccines as much as possible.There will always be an improvement in vaccine..we dont know what kind of anti bodies it would create.
Couldn't agree with you more. I guess today's civilization has become used to abusing the body and then taking a pill or in this case a vaccine to fix it.
@@roberteames9170 Todays civilization exists because of vaccines. No strong immune system will help you against Ebola, HiV or Malaria. People die in millions because of that and not because they are malnurished or taking too many medications.
Dunning-Kruger at it's best - you have no expertise but think you can make a judgement, because you have no expertise.
@@hey_in_hey how did civilization exist before vaccines? Must have gotten lucky
@@levileroy9324 They often barely survived or vanished because of diseases. The Spanish Flu killed a roughly 50 - 100 million people at a population of 1.8 billion world wide. That is a heavy toll.
The antibodies that will be produced will be in response to specific antigens or mRNA codons that code for a specific amino acid chain that turns into a protein. We know what antibodies will be produced because we make the mRNA that codes for the antigens exposed on the virus. Our body will produce specific targeted antibodies to respond only to the foreign antigens. Also it’s not abusing our body, it’s called ingenuity with using the available resources we have to protect ourselves from pandemics like the ones in history.
Yes a strong immune system is very much desirable, but just like how we lift weight to make micro tears in our muscles to repair them and adapt/get stronger, we train our immune system by taking vaccines so our memory T cells can respond instantly whenever exposed to a virus that was already in our system or put in by a vaccine.
What about the 'new' spikes in the subsequent mutations? It doesn't sounds that these vaccines are universal.
They are not "new spikes". The spike protein is a sequence of hundreds of letters, the new variants only differ in 1 or few letters. The vaccine covers the whole length of the spike protein, so it can still be effective against new variants, even though not 100%. Current data, including real life data, show that current vaccines are still more or less effective against many variants, though not universal. However, with mRNA technology, it's much easier to modify the sequence of the vaccine to match with new variants, so the possibility of having an broad-spectrum vaccine is very real and near.
Thank you for a very informative video. Can you explain how the mRNA vaccine components actually invade their host cells in order to carry out their coding function? We’ve been taught how viruses, bacteria and toxins can break down and enter our cells membrane but what is in the vaccine that allows the mRNA inside the cells? Thank you
The mRNA is delivered in a lipid covering, which will fuse with cell membrane (also made of lipids) - it's endocytosis.
@@Alilamedicalmedia Thank you!
Kiaora It’s in the video! 🤦🏻♀️
@@elsagrace3893 in the last 20 seconds under “challenges to delivery” lipid nanocovering is mentioned as a way to overcome the challenges of entering the cell membrane, however the process know as “endocytosis” is never mentioned. Thankfully the content creator was generous enough to answer my question.
Does it affect to the person having commorbidities?
If they work so well and are so safe, why did they have to grant immunity to Pfizer and Moderna? Also, what are the long term effects, if any? Nobody ever answered this.
Literally every medical professional has answered, and continues to answer, these questions over and over. Vaccine manufacturers are granted immunity so that the thousands of individuals falsely claiming a vaccine injury cannot bankrupt these companies with frivolous lawsuits. And to your second question, there aren’t any. Yes we do know that can explain it quite easily. However, the average laymen doesn’t have the background education required to genuinely comprehend the explanation
We haven't figured this out for the flu, but we figured this out in less than a year for COVID? riiiiiiight
There's a large difference between influenza and Covid-19. The virus that causes Covid-19 is relatively stable (does not mutate) and there's only a singular strain of the virus circulating. On the other hand, there are 2 (influenza A & B) seasonal epidemic causing types of influenza virus, and each of those types have a MASSIVE number of strains. The CDC reports 131 different strains of influenza A alone. And it isn't like only one of those strains will be chosen to circulate throughout a flu season, it's all of them with varying levels of spread and reach. Virologists have to make their best guess about which flu strains are most likely to cause the highest amount of damage and those strains are the ones chosen to be in a given year's flu vaccine. It isn't practical or possible to have every possible strain of the flu in a vaccine unless you want to go get 100 shots.
ALSO, this Covid-19 vaccine was reworked from a vaccine that was in development for the last 10 years for a similar (also a coronavirus type) virus. I do agree with you that it is coming too quickly because but it also was the priority of basically every virologist in the world. Long term studies of RNA vaccines have not been done as they are relatively new and there can be potentially (currently unknown) dangerous long-term side effects.
@@christinee24 Please link me primary source citations for all your points.
I feel like 99% of people watching this video/commenting, don't understand even 1% of it
Then please elaborate on your comment.
Look how cool: a generation of replicants.
Are there any studies of the long term affects of the mRNA vaccine?
No
It’s a new method of vaccine so No. it’s may cause DNA issues in the future. I am not ( anti-vexxer ) but totally against this method of Vaccination and will stay With the conventional vaccination. It also has been rushed to produce and us government Definitely care about income and economic growth more than a human lives. So no I will not take it.
None
Research has been carried out on mRNA technology since many years. The seminal pioneer is the German biologist Ingmar Hoerr, who founded the company Curevac in 2000. The company BionTech followed in 2008. Both German mRNA companies are financed by German billionaires. That´s why 2 of the leading mRNa companies are in Germany. Moderna was founded in the USA in 2010. The mRNA technology was mainly invented for cancer drugs. There have been clinical studies on patients with cancer using the mRNA technology since many years. The first cancer patient was treated by curevac with the mRNA technology in the year 2003. The mRNA technology developed for cancer diseases is also suitable for the production of vaccines. For this reason the covid-vaccine was so quickly produced by BionTech. BionTech, Moderna and soon Curevac were able to apply fully developed techniques to their vaccines.
Unfortunately it´s much more tricky to produce an effective cancer drug than a new vaccine.
In a way, yeah. Viruses already hijack cellular machinery. We have millennia worth of data regarding viral effects.
We already know how mRNA affects cells since literally EVERYONE has mRNA in practically every cell in your body.
In neither case do either cause DNA changes, nor is there any plausible mechanism for them to do so.
How did we deem these particular vaccines safe? (Other than the 'emergency act') Folks have been trying to make a safe (by FDA standards) coronavirus vax since 2002, ...unsuccessfully.
You mean the vaccine for SARS? That was a DIFFERENT coronavirus (there are many of them, some are relatively harmless), and the reason why it was not "successful" was because it was discontinued due to the fact that the disease was contained quickly, so: 1. there were not enough cases for clinical trials; 2. there was not enough financial recourse to carry on (nobody wants to invest in something that will not be needed).
YES BUT MY AUNT KAREN READ A POST ON A FACEBOOK MINION MEME PAGE SAYING THAT IT CAN CHANGE THE HUMAN GENOMES IN FUTURE GENERATIONS
Oh no...The anti-vaxxers... THEY'RE COMING!!!
Interesting. Thanks for sharing.
Thaaaaank you! I always thought how the mRNA would enter the host cell. Like I remembered this lecture in college waaay long ago and was about how foreign genetic sequences are recognized by the host and destroyed.
@@DanA-ux6ow Haha. No need for tech in vaccines. We already voluntarily give away our information i.e your phone, social media, emails. No conspiracy needed about vaccines. Be concern for stuff that's real. But i guess that's too boring. Vaccines with tech sounds more catchy.
@@DanA-ux6ow Just keep using your personal info filled phone. Nothing to see here.
Crispr DNA cure HIV 🙏
@@myherpesitch7763 true
I took my first dose and only feel a minor pain in my arm.
Can't blame your arm muscle for not liking a liquid being injected inside!
Snake venom
Love the vid! Just have a question and im sorry if i sound dumb. Can the cells with the rna of the vaccine still work as usual? For example, if we are altering how the cell detects foreign agents can the immune response to other diseases get weaker or slower? Thx!
We are not altering the way the cells detect foreign agents. This video may help you understand better the events, as compared to natural immunity: th-cam.com/video/osRo-yz1VQ8/w-d-xo.html
@@Alilamedicalmedia Yeah I was thinking something similar, might sound dumb but I’ll go ahead and ask it anyway. If this antigen acts as a receptor on the cell membrane alongside many other receptors capable of detecting foreign pathogens, does this mean that there is less space on the cell’s membrane for receptors that detect other pathogens due to COVID 19 receptors occupying that space instead? If so, can this increase immunity to COVID 19 while weakening the immune system to other pathogens? Also, I read a scientific article from the Netherlands that explained the Pfizer vaccine can weaken the immune response to viral infections, is this true?
Ok, now explain it to me like I’m 5 years old. 😖
The mRNA comes into the cell and says "Hey, guys! I'm gonna have you make a new kind of protein!" The body makes the protein. The mRNA says 'This kinda protein is bad, mkay? So, fight it next time you see it!" The body goes 'Cool, thanks! We'll be sure to kick this protein out next time we see it!" The mRNA then says "Kay, I'm out, peace!" and is promptly destroyed.
th-cam.com/video/-92HQA0GcI8/w-d-xo.html
A great video and a great channel, hope you like it and get more interested in the topic!
@@perriwenplays9215 🤣🤗 Awesome explanation! You get to teach complex biology to grade R's. 🙏🏾
@@perriwenplays9215 Brilliant!
@@perriwenplays9215 what destroys mrna? i dont think it gets destroyed.
That animation looks like reprogramming of human genes.
What does it mean by low risk of integrating into genome? And how low the risk?
Integrating into our DNA? Virtually zero risk. Most sources say zero, we just dont want to say zero as nothing has zero risk. Also keep in mind, that even in the extremely rare event that it does integrate into the cell's DNA, it's again extremely rare that the integration does anything bad - in most cases it just sits there till the cell dies (naturally) and disappears.
@@ProxyAuthenticationRequired Whenever I think of covid vaccines fears, I think about the I AM Legend movie. How the cure for cancer went south.
Hate to tell you this, but our DNA is already full of viral DNA.
@@marcalvarezps4 i usually think about the Tuskegee experiments
@@ProxyAuthenticationRequired And people also suffer from auto immune disorders that are theorized to have been triggered by past viral infections. Get it if you want, but I'm a solid no on this type of vaccine until there is at least 5 to 10 years of usage data behind it, or unless there is a future virus that is deadlier, in which case it would be worth it to take the risk on a mRNA vaccine.
Nice. One of the questions I had was how the mRNA gets destroyed eventually or if it just kept creating antigens. Kinda forgot this from my biochemistry class hahahaha
The answer is in the pinned comment!
@@Alilamedicalmedia What about the actual spike protein? Does this get destroyed too? I've heard things about spike proteins being found in semen and breast milk
Congrats for the two scientists who won the noble prize in medicine this year(2023) for their novel technique of developing vaccines
Yeah, I was watching this video because I have to a college poster presentation on it. I also read the Noble Prize article to get information on how the vaccine works. Incredible work they’ve done!
hahahahahahahahahahahaha
Katalin kariko and Drew weissman
low risk of integrating into genome? I was told it is impossible to integrate at all...
you will find out 5 years from now
What if the mRNA produces proteins that eventually become harmful or mutate the natural body? How do we turn the mRNA synthesis off?
See the pinned comment for answers!
What type of cells pick up the vaccine mRNA, and eventually get destroyed after presenting the antigen?
Now i may he wrong, but idk about the cell the mRNA is targeting. But what presents the antigen are whats called antigen presenting cells. Those are you macrophages, dendritic cells, and b lymphocytes. These will trigger your t cells to attack what has that antigen (the spike protein of covid)
Muscle cells
I would hope what is closest to the injection site? Theoretically it could be every cell in your body with the ones that deal with high blood flow dealing with more of it. But I would suspect at the very least at least some brain cell death. Ur brain uses something like 20% of your blood oxygen.
They don’t seem to tell you ur cells get destroyed. Or how long proteins will last, which cells, how many cells, or the odds that this is going to cause an autoimmune disease, or if it may have affects on fertility and offspring.
@@JohnSmith-qj7hd Well theoretically in order for it to affect the brain cells or fertility or offspring it would have to first pass through the liver, then the blood-brain-barrier, or blood-testis barrier, blood-follicle barrier or the placenta, which would be impossible for a relatively fragile molecule like this.
@@rickblaine7036 *Cough* Endogenous Retrovirus... ahem *Cough*
They do make up almost 10% of your genome y'know!
Although in this case the RNA is designed NOT to enter the cell nucleus .... its not impossible... but it is unlikely, like millions and millions to one. Then again, it'll be injected into billions of people right?
I admire this channel not only for being informative but also because answers to some important questions were answered.
Hey conservatives, this is called science! Learn about it!
Psuedoscience
Is it possible for a bad batch to be expressed as a prion instead of the correct antigen?
Why would an mRNA vaccine contain instructions for a prion protein?
@@somatotrophin1535 By design they would be a normal protein, a prion is just a misfolded protein, I'm asking if an error in production or handling could produce misfolded proteins.
@@ulisesroman7259 A prion is not any misfolded protein. It is a misfolded neurone protein called PrP, found in the cell membrane
@@somatotrophin1535 incorrect. that is the prion protein, named as such because the infective form was the first prion discovered. there is the possibility of other proteins becoming prions as well.
also, to the original commenter - highly unlikely. it's just as unlikely as any other protein being transcribed from mRNA.
@@mem7806 Which ones?
What about alternate medicine. Are Earthlings only dependent on English medicine?
2:53 when the codons are optimized to avoid recognition, how can they be translated correctly to create the right protein?
It takes three to encode something. Multiple 3bits lead to the same item being made. So, if AAC and ACC lead to the same thing, and the body already encountered the AAC version, the ACC version will be able to bypass the detection.
Does crispr is related somehow to the creation of this new type of vaccines using mRNA?
What has it done 3 yrs later ?
The best video I’ve seen on a highly misunderstood topic. Highly informative, beautifully presented. Simple but captivating illustrations. Clear audio with perfect enunciation. Thanks for the time and effort you have invested to bring this to us.
how did the time table shoot from 12-18 months to less than 1 year? Plenty of articles in March/April saying it would be risky pushing out a vaccine quickly..
Stop spreading misinformation via social media.
Where are the studies that show that this technology is safe?
So this is dna altering?
No, the MRNA doesn't even enter the nucleus.
So, this PEG/Polyetheline Glycol, isn't that CAR ANTIFREEZE COOLANT!?!?!? Asking for friends with like minds who want to know!
Probably a different form of it. Look at what Miralax is made out of
@@XxsomeguyxX I have never taken it so we good lol....
@@Wizardof yeah me either 👀
I think you mean polypropylene glycol.
@@F15CEAGLE I ain't putting that in me either
if antigen is displayed on native cells wouldnt the antibodies destory the host cells that are not infected yet.
They would kill the host cells, but nothing will really happen, they won't reproduce since it is controlled by the dose of vaccine, so you won't even notice it and they will be quickly replaced
seriously, wtf. Why would anyone think this is a good idea
If you have blood cells that get the mrna vaccine attached to it and that host cell is killed. You realize your body will replace those dead cells in hours
@@drewd2939 Well there are rather a lot of people that die of exposure to pathogens.... and we have this science called medicine y'see, and its job is to stop people dying from infection. Or, are you of the opinion that long term disease, tissue damage, debilitating disease and death is a good thing somehow? If so, you are on the wrong channel!
The antibody only destroys the cells thats got the spike protein on it. If a cell doesn't have it, the antibody cannot recognise it and hence won't attack.
What if any other molecule (that is not sarscov2) has this sequence of the coronavirus spike? And you took the pfizer vaccine?! Is it possible? Cause then the body would attack it without even being coronavirus
At 2 min 30 sec, just a quick one. She says "low risk of integrating into the genome". Should it say "no risk.." rather.
Yep, we should have. This video was meant for our regular audience - med students, who would understand that there is nothing with zero risk in medicine, so low risk is very good, like a low-risk procedure. In fact the risk is extremely low but it became a real fear for general audience who are not familiar with the language.
@@Alilamedicalmedia Thank you.
I'm just wondering, is this technique has specificity on what cells it will endocytose? Doesn't seem like it will be specific to any as it uses lipid. Also, is it a single layer lipid, lipid bilayer or has the structure like extracellular vesicles.
Got 1st dose Moderna. Feel very weak and have some chills. Also light headed...
I hope you are feeling better? God bless
@@Paul-ek5lu all good now thanks
Wait til you get the second one. That’ll knock you out for an entire day.
@@edgoodwin4389 Hi Ed have you had the second one? Was it Moderna?
@@paulbraunstein2290 religious exemption, they can require nothing
note: mRNA vaccines are different from "traditional" vaccines
"Once inside the body's cells..." How does the vaccine mRNA GET INSIDE the cells? Every video I have seen on Covid vaccines just merrily glosses over that info, like this one.
The answer is in the pinned comment.
There can be various ways:
1) transport proteins called PORINS
2) carrier molecules like nucleopeptides
3) ion gated transmembrane channels like TRPV1
4) phospholipid scramblases
@@adityabali1939 I will look into these. Thank you!
The lipid membrane that surrounds the mRNA has a structure similar with our cells membrane. They actually optimized the content of these lipids so they can recognize a CERTAIN type of cell that is part of the immune system, named Dendritic cell. Because of these optimization the two lipid membrane fuse and the mRNA is spilled inside the dendritic cell.
Is there anyway this can be shown in simple, layman terms? I don't think one person I know would understand any of this.
I agree this version is more for people with some background - our channel's viewers are mostly medical students. We'll try to see if we can do a simpler version for a broader audience. Thank you for your feedback!
Here is a simpler version we just published, hopefully it's easier to understand: th-cam.com/video/XTLYXmgG8DU/w-d-xo.html
I was wondering how the mRNA got past the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm. Glad you mentioned it.
Which part?
Toward the end they talked about "optimized codons" and "protective nanoparticles", @@nawungmuragunguy558. That's not enough info, but it's a start.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein is akin to a key that unlocks the cell's ACE receptor to get in, @Reee Flex. They didn't say they replicate that spike protein.
@@KenJackson_US yes, it is lipid nanoparticles.
With Electroporation
Wouldn't the lipid nano partical be dangerous? And the stop codon if they damage a cell and keep replicating because the codon did not stop.
This is what we need to play in schools. Educate the safety of vaccines to kids.
Lol