The Civil War Smith carbine - development, history, impact, modern time shooting

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 ก.ย. 2024
  • Please support us at / capandball
    For buying Capandball Civil War cartridge boxes, cartridge formers, arsenal labels and US arsenal Stadias: stores.ebay.com... or the Capandball webpage: capandball.com...
    Shooting an original Smith carbine straight from the American Civil War is a fascinating experience. My film covers history, development and modern time use as well. Enjoy the newest Capandball film.
    Link to our detailed article about the Smith carbine: capandball.com...

ความคิดเห็น • 156

  • @wolfwind9658
    @wolfwind9658 3 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Due to the ammo shortage me and my buddies have started more black powder arms. Far more time to talk when reloading.

  • @HerrGesetz
    @HerrGesetz 3 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Your Hunglish language skills are good enough man.

  • @Orzorn
    @Orzorn 3 ปีที่แล้ว +49

    I absolutely love how your channel makes black powder into a science. The kind of effort you put into your hands on research is laudable. I think you've brought many people into black powder shooting that otherwise would not have done so!

    • @terrytownsend8462
      @terrytownsend8462 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      You are 100% correct. I was 64 when I started watching. I now have 3 rifles, a pistol and 2 revolvers. make my own black powder, bullets and Round balls. Going to start making my own caps and making my flints for my flint locks. I'm 66 now...lol

  • @marinabrennecke5495
    @marinabrennecke5495 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I had the same rifle in top condition. It shots very well.

  • @zeppelin8521
    @zeppelin8521 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    what a underrated channel, you look so charismatic

  • @earlyriser8998
    @earlyriser8998 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    excellent job of showing a historic gun

  • @populustremula7496
    @populustremula7496 3 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Most excellent presentation and perhaps your most complete examination to date. I had never heard of the Smith carbine so the whole topic was fascinating to me, thanks. Loved the close-ups of the action and other details especially. You are an excellent shot. I wouldn't want to stand down range of you no matter the projectile you were about to launch. I tell ya, if the current primer shortage in the US goes on much longer I might have to get back into black powder firearms as I love to handload almost as much as I do the actual shooting. Thanks again.

    • @jeremysiegel10
      @jeremysiegel10 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I got into black powder because of the ammo shortage and I have not regretted it one bit

  • @docsavage101
    @docsavage101 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I have an Italian reproduction love it! Thanks for the in depth demonstration 🙏Happy New Year 🥳

  • @MrHuggaga
    @MrHuggaga 3 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    Ahaha, I had to laugh when you actually drank the beer first ;D "Erstmal 'n schönes Bier!" as I would say in german!

  • @gaelwinchester3936
    @gaelwinchester3936 3 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    I love to see your videos they relax me and they make me feel rustic

    • @gaelwinchester3936
      @gaelwinchester3936 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      wow, I'm finally the best comment on a video

  • @Mis-AdventureCH
    @Mis-AdventureCH 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Excellent video. I'm hunting around for either a Smith or a Burnside for both the collection and the shooting bench.
    Regards mounted operation. In a "Collision" of horsemen (ie: a mounted charge), you're realistically going to bang the carbine once, let it drop on the sling and transition to pistol. In a dismounted skirmish line (as tactics evolved away from mounted charges) single handed operation is not an issue. But a very valid point and may tip my buying decision.

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Well, to be honest... if you have money, buy both. :)

    • @Mis-AdventureCH
      @Mis-AdventureCH 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@capandball Sooner or later. I just came into a wonderful Custer range 45-70 trapdoor (212xx). If I flip it I may have enough for a more shootable Trapdoor, a Burnside and a Smith. That will complete the civil war and Indian Wars collection. :-)

  • @josephdriesenga2730
    @josephdriesenga2730 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This and the Burnside are my two favorite Civil War cavalry carbines

  • @richardthomashaydon
    @richardthomashaydon 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellnet review, as per normal. I needed this info when I bought a reproduction smiths Carbine. I searched high and low at the time for info and in your review I gleamed a lot more info than 20 other sites. I have one of a few Smiths here in South Africa.

  • @1sysel
    @1sysel 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Glad to see you enjoy an excelent brand of beer. :D Using the can for cartridge construction is a great way of recycling or even upcycling I guess? Greetings from Czech Republic.

  • @herblangston9871
    @herblangston9871 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Three of my wife's ancestors served in the 7th Illinois and 11th Illinois Cavalry Regiments, both of which were issued Smith Carbines. One of those carbines came home after the war and stayed in the family until my wife inherited it. It hung over our fireplace for a decade before I discovered that plastic cases and lead bullets were being produced for this old gun.
    With the right powder and some beeswax, I made twenty cartridges. I located the proper caps and headed off to the range to bring this old gun back to life.
    It delivered a big bang, a stout kick, lots of white smoke, and acceptable accuracy. It was a delight to shoot. I am honored to own this historic gun.
    Well, it's my wife's gun, actually.

  • @MisterApol
    @MisterApol 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Did you know, a young man named Henry Wheeler used a Smith carbine with great effect against the James-Younger gang when they tried to rob a bank in Northfield, Minnesota, in 1876?

  • @KaitenKenbu
    @KaitenKenbu 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    This channel is super dope. I def want to start collecting antique firearms but maybe I'll start out with working replicas first. I love my ultra modern guns but there is something extra special about black powder pew pews in my eyes. Think I'll start with a flintlock.

    • @jeremysiegel10
      @jeremysiegel10 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I got into black powder because of the ammo shortage and let me tell you, you can shoot *all* day with black powder and still have enough for the next few sessions, but its way more satisfying per shot when you have to put all the work into each one

  • @seppelson3856
    @seppelson3856 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very good presentation! I enjoyed it a lot!

  • @marksmallman4572
    @marksmallman4572 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Your Hunglish is perfect its almost the only reason I watch your chanel.....

    • @christopherreed4723
      @christopherreed4723 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      "Hunglish" might be a pretty good caption for a capandball t-shirt or ball cap...🤔

  • @leadshark9461
    @leadshark9461 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Love me some acw carbines and rifles.
    Pedersoli 1859 Berdan Sharps review when? :P

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Good question.

  • @popojoeexplode
    @popojoeexplode 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I love my Pietta Smith Carbine. I use a smith .52cal Lee Mold. Iv made cardboard paper cartrages and use the black vinal ones as well. But i will say I had to make a new taller brass front sight post to get it to shoot point of aim at 50yds.

  • @pablomeza7287
    @pablomeza7287 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellent video Balázs as always or more !!!
    Very good job of investigation, search and conclusions, besides being a good shooter !
    Congratulations from Argentine

  • @spencerquimby4726
    @spencerquimby4726 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Egészségére! Great video, love your version of these rounds and I had never heard of this rifle before. Other Civil War carbines I was familiar with but for how prolific this one was I was shocked I didn't know about it.

  • @jensfritz63
    @jensfritz63 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks for another great video. Greetings from Germany

  • @Fangman762
    @Fangman762 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video. I've seen very little on the Smith and its cartridge. Your video was excellent.

  • @montanamountainmen6104
    @montanamountainmen6104 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Being a Civil War buff , I know about the Spencer, Sharps and Burnside but somehow the Smith eluded my knowledge.....

  • @kenibnanak5554
    @kenibnanak5554 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I would gingerly file that screw down so it does not protrude into the barrel bit is instead flush.

    • @kenibnanak5554
      @kenibnanak5554 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Another alternative is use very small shim washers between the screw head and the forestock to back the screw out necessary amount needed so the screw does not protrude.

  • @janrobertbos
    @janrobertbos 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very nice and informative video about one of my favourite carbines!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @2Gold_Dubloons
    @2Gold_Dubloons 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Amazing video as always!! 🙌🏼

  • @luissantiago5163
    @luissantiago5163 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Oh awesome. Cheers

  • @cosmicatrophy4648
    @cosmicatrophy4648 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Your videos are much like hickok45's. I always fall asleep half way through hahaha. Not an insult either

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      :D :D we are the asmr of black powder shooters

    • @diehard2705
      @diehard2705 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@capandball absolutely! Both very educational and incredibly relaxing!

  • @shijongeorge7260
    @shijongeorge7260 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Brother please upload your gun collection video

  • @jason60chev
    @jason60chev 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Can see a lot of smoke exiting the breech area, when using the brass cases.

  • @DonDon-zm3vz
    @DonDon-zm3vz 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    this is a fun rifle to shoot

  • @dougdukes1039
    @dougdukes1039 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really like all your videos. I also appreciate it when you put your book references in the Video's. Thanks. I loved the Smith Carbine ammo boxes you made. I know about your labels, but can you do a tutorial on actually making the boxes and how you do it from determining the size to what material you use to making the box it self. Thanks for all you do.

  • @duaneho555
    @duaneho555 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video. Thanks for the information. 👍🏻

  • @TheMcpvideo
    @TheMcpvideo 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome 👍

  • @BlackPowderTherapist
    @BlackPowderTherapist 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love my Smith, I hold multiple national championships with mine in America

  • @kamnglnd.5030
    @kamnglnd.5030 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice....

  • @kidhammer2567
    @kidhammer2567 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What a truly informative and educational Smith cavalry carbine video. For folks brand-new to this carbine, and for us old-timers, this presentation is first-rate knowledge and information, presented in a manner easy to understand to replicate. A question? In video frame-time 37:44, the target shows a bullet hole in the 5-ring at approximately five o'clock that appears to be partially or potential an early key-holed paper-projectile strike. Yes, the accuracy of your Smith is every bit as fine as mine. I find that in using Goex 2Ffg or 3Fffg, to keep my accuracy consistent, I must apply a bore brush every 3-5 shots with both my original and especially my Pietta Smith carbine. What of yours, sir? From experience, I totally agree with you about the ergonomics of Smith over Burnside, Maynard, Starr, and Sharps. I love my Burnside, I adore my Smiths. I have Mike S's book on the Smith as well. Thank you so very much once more for your video on the Smith. I've been waiting patiently for this video.

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi, it is actually a keyhole. Happens when the bullet is not perfectly in line with the bore.

  • @Legitpenguins99
    @Legitpenguins99 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I praise your devotion to gaining the aluminium to make your cartridges. It must have been hard drinking all that beer :-:7

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I would do everything for science :)

  • @tim31415
    @tim31415 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Perhaps a commercially available brass tube could be used. The diameter could be adjusted slightly by swaging.

  • @stefankonig2426
    @stefankonig2426 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Danke!

  • @jameshagerman7681
    @jameshagerman7681 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    These look like they would be excellent little stalking rifles. The energy numbers look similar to many handguns that have been used to great success and the pietta reproductions are quite beautiful as are many of the originals.

  • @franj1983
    @franj1983 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I like your jacket and your beer.

  • @miketyper
    @miketyper 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Need cartridges? Time to crack open a cold one. I you really want to get hardcore. Brass foil is avilable in several thicknesses from Online Metals and other suppliers.

  • @johnmcdonald587
    @johnmcdonald587 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellent video. I'm a Smith shooter too. I have the Pietta. Bought it at the 135th Gettysburg reenactment. Your reverse-engineering of the Crispin cartridge. What is the thickness of the aluminum? I have located soft brass foil online in .005", .010", and .015" thicknesses. Also, what is the thickness of the perforated card base disc? I too have been wanting to construct my own paper and foil cases.

  • @drmachinewerke1
    @drmachinewerke1 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Question for those in Europe.
    I was on a website ( I was having a few shots of Bourbon) when I ran across a French or ? Website. It was selling little gizmos to hold caps on for a revolver.
    I figure that would be nice.

  • @whistlepign
    @whistlepign 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I wonder if annealing the aluminum can sheet on the crispin cartridges would help with reducing the cracking issue. Aluminum cans are drawn over a series of mandrels, which work hardens the blank and they need to be annealed through out the manufacturing process.

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I think that the cracking issue is only caused by the improper case length.

    • @whistlepign
      @whistlepign 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@capandball i agree with you that proper case sizing, as you described in your excellent presentation, seems to be the most important factor as the paper and aluminum can only deform so much before it fails.

  • @zb687
    @zb687 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    i wonder if those cartages made of cans and thick paper can be used in a sharps 1859, to prevent gas leackage.

  • @spottydog4477
    @spottydog4477 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You're a rising star...(just work on dampening the indoor acoustics)

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I have my plans to improve the sound. This was the first time use of the shotgun mic.

    • @spottydog4477
      @spottydog4477 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@capandball Great stuff!! - Love you work!!

  • @finlayfraser9952
    @finlayfraser9952 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Totally absorbing. But, the question remains about loose, and firmly packed black powder when loading cartridges. "Bloke on the Range" utube channel reloaded an 18mm brass cartridge for a Milbank Armsler with a Minnie bullet and no wadding, so with the bullet seated the powder was loose like beans in a maraca! Is there a definitive answer?

  • @gordonfox8967
    @gordonfox8967 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What is real capacity of that pietta made brass case ? I read somewhere that it can hold around 38 grains of powder.

  • @sidekickbob7227
    @sidekickbob7227 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video! i like the style and enjoy the content, but please throw away those dark sunshaded shooting glasses you use in the start. I find it hard to grab the information you deliver, when I can't watch the eyes.

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes, you are right, I usually use clear lenses, but i broke my shooting glasses...

  • @douglasmaccullagh1267
    @douglasmaccullagh1267 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video and very helpful to a new Smith owner. Do you think cola cans would work as well as beer cans? Thank you!

  • @rgbgamingfridge
    @rgbgamingfridge 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    cool rifle but i didnt see a big iron on your hip 👀

  • @Szlejer
    @Szlejer 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Kettőt kéne összebindzsózni egymás mellé dáktéppel vagy nagyongyorskötözővel (+1 lazer is jó vóna) és remek kis lapátcsövű lenne belűle!!!+!

  • @krzysiekmrzygod7896
    @krzysiekmrzygod7896 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Are you planning to make a film about your Bristlen Morges rifle?

  • @user-im6fy4qp6m
    @user-im6fy4qp6m 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    whats the going rate on these? in average worn condition is $2,500 too much?

  • @Jacob-yg7lz
    @Jacob-yg7lz 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Pass the whiskey

  • @zoran69ser
    @zoran69ser 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    i dont anderstend, why they dont make vith integrated caps in the cartridge ?!

  • @dks13827
    @dks13827 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This gun was used by Dr Henry Wheeler of Northfield, MN to kill Clell Miller and to wound ( horribly ) Bob Younger. Great raid on the bank in 1876.

  • @matthewsebastianmanzanillo4066
    @matthewsebastianmanzanillo4066 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Pass the whiskey!

  • @kurzhaarguy
    @kurzhaarguy 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I came across your channel for the first time today. I've acquired an Armi-Sport (Chiappa) 1857 Springfield. It is my first black powder rifle. You mentioned in an earlier video that you have/had one of these? Would you share how you loaded it? Bist du Deutscher?

  • @timothyruggles7396
    @timothyruggles7396 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can it be had as a preproduction??

  • @panrandom2127
    @panrandom2127 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can i use flash powfer in musket

  • @balszsoat2004
    @balszsoat2004 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Magyarországon lehet legálisan tartani?

  • @Theonederboy
    @Theonederboy 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wonder how hard it would be to convert it

  • @douglasmaccullagh7865
    @douglasmaccullagh7865 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Do you have any plans to make and sell your mandrel for making the Crispin cartridges, or the cartridge boxes you showed?

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes, working on it! Will be sold in a kit with the box.

    • @douglasmaccullagh7865
      @douglasmaccullagh7865 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@capandball Wonderful! Thank you. I look forward to the chance to buy one.

  • @kennethberger8705
    @kennethberger8705 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hey if your ever in America during hunting season give me a call. Can put you on whitetail and small game. Cant wait to buy a Pedersoli muzzleloader double barrel shotgun.

  • @HampterSadHampterCry
    @HampterSadHampterCry 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Meg mertem volna esküdni a videó elején, hogy igazam van :D

  • @kingjoe3rd
    @kingjoe3rd 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I would have edited in a hit if I missed those targets ;)

  • @кисельОрест
    @кисельОрест 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Після БП саме то Як би ще і капсулі самому робити

  • @Armitage001
    @Armitage001 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hunglish!

  • @odetteamaya5073
    @odetteamaya5073 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    2😎😎😎

  • @KaiElohim
    @KaiElohim 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi!!!!!!!!!hhhhh.......

  • @DickHolman
    @DickHolman 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    32:36 Urquell. Yes. :)

  • @davidgoodbadandugly
    @davidgoodbadandugly 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hello . Which class would this rifle fit into for competition ? Great video amazing info. 👍

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      We have an individual class called "Berdan" for percussion breech loaders. It's been shot n many Eastern-European countries now, but it is still not an international discipline. Also NSSA has matches for carbines.

  • @tberkoff
    @tberkoff 3 ปีที่แล้ว +42

    I'm very glad you appreciate this ingenious and effective little rifle. It has always been one of my favorite US military rifles. Where did you find yours?

    • @capandball
      @capandball  3 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      i bought it on an auction by Holts

  • @hosedragger-204
    @hosedragger-204 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Please keep these US Civil War related videos coming. Two of my ancestors served in the Union Army during the War, and I love learning about the Arms and Ammunition used by both sides at the time.

  • @pricklydingus8604
    @pricklydingus8604 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    I have a reproduction Smith, and it's really neat. I always get questions at the range as to what it is.

  • @КонстантинКостадинов-в3ь
    @КонстантинКостадинов-в3ь 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
    Hello from Bulgaria

  • @justinji8634
    @justinji8634 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hello capandball, can you do a review on the brown bess musket from pedersoli? I haven't see an English smoothbore gun on your channel. Thanks :D

  • @Rumblestrip
    @Rumblestrip 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you for all the data. Very interesting arm. I had my hands on one last year at a small gun shop, kickin myself for passing it up. It appeared to be a very well worn original. Passed it up over worn out rifling. Was nearly a smooth bore. Lol

  • @turbografx16
    @turbografx16 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Kingdom Come Deliverance has ruined listening to Hungarian for me. Can only think of Cumans!

    • @spellsecurity
      @spellsecurity 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Heh, the cumans from KCD actually talk like modern soccer thugs would :D First time I heard them, I couldn't stop laughing.

    • @gaborthepenguin40
      @gaborthepenguin40 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@spellsecurity Reminds me the sarmatians from the King Arthur movie.

    • @MartasZLA
      @MartasZLA 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@spellsecurity haha that must be weird to understand them :D

  • @eloyrodriguez6460
    @eloyrodriguez6460 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Outstanding👍👍

  • @paraplegichistoricalsports5700
    @paraplegichistoricalsports5700 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Would this be a good deer hunting rifle, say from 100 yards and less? Do you believe a peep sight could be mounted, if so, which would you recommend?

  • @apemnr
    @apemnr 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    So cool.

  • @chrisgabbert658
    @chrisgabbert658 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Who knew that beer cans were so useful 👍

  • @USAACbrat
    @USAACbrat 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I like how you mention using it on Horseback

  • @louregietalboresvillaruz9281
    @louregietalboresvillaruz9281 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow Make a Paper Cartridge for Carbine

  • @jayfelsberg1931
    @jayfelsberg1931 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent video, great taste in beer

  • @jamessulzer5105
    @jamessulzer5105 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Another great video with some useful information and some nice shooting from a fine marksman! Also some good information on another way to recycle beer cans. Thank you!

  • @luelee6168
    @luelee6168 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How did I only JUST discover your channel? This is amazing, I love black powder arms as well as the science and history behind the technologies, tactics, and the units that used them. An absolute gem.

  • @nickdavis5420
    @nickdavis5420 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What a neat gun

  • @escoladotirocleber5076
    @escoladotirocleber5076 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Muito bom meu amigo!

  • @VRAS4570
    @VRAS4570 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My favourite civil war carbine. Waited quite a while for this video ;o) Thanks.

  • @txdocprich_8404
    @txdocprich_8404 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Try keeping your trigger hand thumb straight, relaxed, firm grip with the three bottom fingers. Helps with fliers.

  • @brendonbewersdorf986
    @brendonbewersdorf986 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Your able to shoot so many of these old black powder guns I'd love to see if you could ever get your hands on a Krnka 1867 rifle there is so little information on them I'd love to know more and see how they shoot

  • @woodsmanforlife1677
    @woodsmanforlife1677 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent information! Thank you for sharing!