Please tell your hosts at Sabatti that we all appreciate them letting you film this. They have any amazing factory and it was very interesting to see how this is done. Rifling is always a bit of a mystery because the major manufacturers never seem to want to divulge their methods. Thanks again for sharing this with us.
Thank you very much for showing me how the barrels for my custom rifles have been made they preform as well as the loads I have developed for them. The Coyotes don't like them very well, they run out to a distance they can't normally be hit stop and look back at you for maybe two seconds long enough to get a hot off if you're ready, that's the last mistake they ever make.
SgtStinger I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
@@Pippinm7 If by "below" you mean cheaper, then yes. A button rifled barrel is made with easy tools in a few seconds from a drilled blank. Hammer forging requires far more complex machines. The benefit is a change in material properties due to hammerin. There is this myth of the steel becoming denser, which is no more then a myth. What happens is a change in the material structure, creating internal tension, which in turn leads to harder and tougher material.
@@barfylord8453 The "negative" mandrel is what the hammers are beating/squeezing the entire piece of pipe (unfinished barrel) down onto. The process is akin to squishing larger lump of play-doh through a smaller tube, with a hard rod inside it. Steel can be formed, it just takes immense pressure (the hydraulic hammer). As that machine hammers radially around the barrel, the barrel is slowly pushed through the machine, rotating as it goes. The result is uniform exterior and the internal mandrel with the rifling travels along with the rotation rate of the rifling from one end to the other until the entire length has been hammered. It's really the same as other hammer forging processes at a steel mill, the goal is to re-align metallic grain structures into a uniform and consistent direction which significantly increases strength, hardness, and other properties. Steel has microscopic grain. It's like the difference between a heap of random scrap metal, and that scrap metal welded into triangular lattice structure. One is shifty and weak, the other is stiff and strong. Some hammer forged barrels are left with the hammered surface on factory rifles. Many have additional finishing removing those visible hammering spiraled ridges from the outside surface before moving on (receiving cerakote or bead blasting or some other finished surface).
Well that was an eye opener for sure! Amazing video. Thanks to Sabatti for letting us see this. They must be very proud of their manufacturing processes and it was amazing to see the 21st century rifling machine in operation. I could not believe how much the barrel "grew" during the hammer forging process on a cold piece of steel. It looked to be about 9" or 225 mm. Crazy!
It's useful to know that one of the reasons for the compression hammering at the rifling stage is to prestress the material, thereby reducing deformation due to the increased stiffness (Young's modulus) and also increasing the loading that the barrel can take. Though this is rarely an issue for civilian applications.
Don't know about Sabatti but I have owned several muzzleloaders from Pedersoli. Fit and finish is ALWAYS excellent and they are ALL superbly accurate. I was pleasantly surprised. The first deer rifle I got when I was a kid (1967) was a surplus Carcano, mostly because it only cost $25. It was about $5 worth of rifle...Then I got into SPorting Clays back in the late 80s and a friend bought a Beretta. long story short, I am very impressed by every modern Italian firearm I have seen.
Reminds me of watching the Swiss make their watches in-house. Shop tours are always among my favorite things to see. A place that won't give a factory tour is usually one that is embarrassed of their processes/technology or otherwise has something to hide (such as a huge amount of outsourcing).
Thankyou for showing us your film. You have great skill, knowledge, commitment and passion in your work. You deserve everything great that comes your way.
In a word, AMAZING! I understood the basics of barrel making but have never had it explained with such visual clarity as this video. It sure gives me a better appreciation for the methodology in the job. Thank you for the presentation as well as to the manufacturer in letting you see their processes. AMAZING!! As an aside, this is my FIRST time seeing your video and posting but rest assured that I have SUBSCRIBED to your channel as you are a very credible information source. Thanks again!
That was excellent! I've been trying to find "How it's made" videos on gun making and this is the best one so far. Most have the narrator on the shop floor and you can't even hear them.
larrybud I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Thanks for sharing with us completely ignorant people to tgis process. I have been shooting weapons for over 40 years and even at my age have a new found appreciation for your skill and technology. Great video and thanks for sharing! Randy
I have a book here by Ian Skenerton about each company which produced SMLEs during the Great War. The BSA factory still emloyed blacksmiths to rough forge all the major components to the rifle, and then these pieces would go to the machining shop. It's amazing to think this was done during a war with so many 303s made.
I love your channel capandball! I am from Maine in the US, and my job involves drilling metal like what is shown in your video. However we don’t do gun barrels anymore but we used to several years ago (including putting the rifling in the barrel). As someone who loves history and firearms it was interesting to see firsthand how it is done and then watch this. A machine that drills six barrels at once, I wonder how they kept them all within tolerance!
I am a machinist and used to work for Eaton here in Oklahoma and I ran these huge drill press machines called NATCO’s and they would drill out the motor parts that I made. Each of the 2K parts got drilled two holes on both sides. The 4K machine did the same only had 4 spindles with dual drill bits. The 5K machine had 5 spindles with two drill bits a piece. So each spindle would drill at the same time. We did batch testing with a go no go gauge. Every 20 motor parts I would check 5 of them. Most of the time they were good to go. If it got out of spec I had to change the tooling out and set the bits to the correct height. That was a pain in the rear!
Excellent video, I've had a conceptual understanding of the process before - but seeing it all happen makes it so much more clear. Thank you for taking the time to get the tour!
If the barrel blanks were truly hardened before processing, they could not be drilled, reamed, or hammer forged. The hammer forging itself imparts work hardening, and much strength. I would have liked to see how you get the insert out.
Gun barrels aren't hard like knife-steel hard. Milspec M16/M4 barrels call for a Rockwell C hardness of 28-33 after tempering. Likewise, carburizing doesn't make a thing impossible to machine. I do it at work all the time.
This was an excellent video. Thank you for it. I had no idea that much went into making a barrel. Those shotguns were beautiful at the end. I bet the skill on their workers is unmatched.
100fredkrueger I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
azmanabdula I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
@@flat-earther No offense mate But if you look at the angles of the stars in relation to the earth its impossible The Earth is a globe For instance, you cannot show me a picture of polaris and the southern cross in the same picture Not on Earth, Not in space Hell, you would have to travel some 1000 light years Almost leave our galaxy to capture them in the same picture Think of that They are in opposite directions
This must have been an amazing visit! Thank you so much and your hosts for allowing the filming. I have a hammer forged barrel and was curious what made it as such.
The steel is _already hardened._ That's amazing to me. That hardened steel can move that much. It's so hard to even drill hardened steel... I can't imagine how it stretches and forms that much, especially without cracking. Amazing.
Stringfellow I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
@@flat-earther And exactly what does that have to do with the video or my comment? Also, if you want to push idiotic theories, it might help your credibility to at least use proper grammar. But not much of course.
@@flat-earther Again, your meaning is unclear because you cannot express a cogent thought -- "If you want to tell me how to write." It goes a long way to explaining why you fall for "flat earth" theories... you're just not very smart.
@@Golgafrinchamdent I can't necessarily explain things well. I don't suggest merely believing what I say. I suggest watching the series to learn stuff you may have not heard before and then making up your own mind about it.
+Crobular I yes they know their art, building, and devotion to things, and know hot to not rush stuff and do it the best can be, look at the old buildings in the city of rome, its crazy how for as active sismicly italy is with the vulcanos and earthquakes that anything stands but some new buildins are put right to pre empire age buildings and you cant tell a differance, they know how to build, and its crazy but the 1000 year old building the pantheon that was the largest monolithic dome build untill modern times, never cracked and its older the christianity, yet many of the italian churches did not even have solid domes and they cracked at the base like the one on St Peters in the Vatican, they put chains around the dome to help with the compressive forces of gravity, the italians know how to make stuff well, and have been doing so for a long time, but mechanica, I go with austria, germany, switzerland, and usa and canada, as many old families the know the europenal enginering and mechines brought that to america, and had the drive to make it many times over the last 200 years to rivel that of the germans and swiss, and you got to give the japanese and indians credit too, in art and metal blade making, japan has many that are very regemented and soo devoted to the art its like a religion, they also have taken many things mondane and made the meditations, like tea ceremony, or shooting the bow in kyudo.
+Crobular I They're exceptionally good at making shotguns and pistols. They also have good local harvested selections of marbled walnut to make fine stocks and fore ends.
+Crobular I Anyone that has read "Desert Fox" or "Tiges in the Mud" by Otto Carius, or even Panzer Commander by Hans Von Luke, knows that the italian tanks were far less superior to the German tanks, but not because the Italians didn't know what they were doing. They simply didn't have the Economy that Germany did. You will also know that everyone who fought along side the Italians, knew that their Engines were FAR better than anything else on the battlefield in the early 40's. The Italians had long since mastered the ability to engineer great engines (look at ducati, lambo, ferrari) and other great Italian Cars. Their engines are solid. Nothing wrong with Italian engineering. They just weren't up on the building of the actual TANK before WWII. They have long since caught up and the C1 Ariete is a FINE tank.
+JackG79 Hi... You're right, you're among the few who know the real facts ..someone instead should look at Wikipedia who were Barsanti and Matteucci, the inventors of the internal combustion engine, which unfortunately for them they did not have the money to continue paying their patent..is an Italian tradition to know how to do things but do not have the money to market them :) or to be blowing the patent by those who must protect it and sells it to others, as in the case of the phone, Italian invention of the '60s years, greetings from Italy...
The fact that any level of 'hardened' steel can me essentially 'molded' by this process is amazing. My Steyr hammer forged barrel rifle is incredibly accurate.
I must search if you have something showing how before these machines, it was done. That fascinates me as a budding blacksmith.... I saw pistol barrels done a bit, but never a long gun.
How do you thumbs down this video? It is a very goo look at the hammer forging process. It isn't like it was titled "Cute and Funny Cats" an then turned out to be about making guns. You people will hate anything.
+Able Fox The factory was too loud, the accent wasn't Italian enough, they don't like the colour of the shirt, weapon producers are murderers. Take a pick, some people vote videos down for anything ;) A couple of misclicks might be among them aswell.
I highly doubt there is some conspiracy where anti-gunners are going around and thumbs downing any videos about guns. I think what is more likely is that people are just spoiled by the detail and high production value of shows like "How It's Made", and were disappointed in this.
@@AtlasJotun Whatever you choose for yourself. I don't suggest merely believing what I or others say. Rather I suggest watching the series to learn stuff you may have not heard before and then making up your own mind about it.
I believe Steyr leaves the rifling marks visible on the outside of the barrel. Beautiful finish. With a controlled internal bore taper decreasing towards the muzzle, the result is an unbelievably accurate barrel.
They do on many. The Mannlicher Luxus series have them for about 4 inches ahead of the action, beautifully polished and blued. Very striking appearance.
Bravo! A lot of information into a short video. So cold forging work-hardens the whole barrel while button rifling only work-hardens the bore. And cnc machining is why some very inexpensive firearms can be very accurate.
I would like to know how they get the mandrel out, after they hammer the barrel down around it. It seems like it would be stuck. Does it just twist out with the rifling?
RaiderSix I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
As you can see from the old machine the section the hammers hit and the internal mandrel were only about 7 inches long the barrel was fed into the hammers as lubricating oil was added. I believe the unseen mandrel is turned to creat the twist? I do wonder how much better these barrels would be if stress relived after the contouring process with cryo freezing ? I really don’t want one from the batch that went through before tool wear allowed the no go gauge to fit. We call those ones “Friday guns”
I'm not even starting about people being shot with Sabatti guns, they're being shot by other people. When a few years ago friends in the Sabina region north of Rome invited me to help harvest their 1 hectare of olive trees I was so delighted. The work took a week with 5-6 people working 8 hours a day but it was wonderful to do in a beautiful valley with hedgerows, patches of woodland, meadows etc., it was the Italy you dream about in cold, wet Holland. Then I noticed there were no birds, especially no singing birds, didn't hear a bird's song all week being outdoors, I could't believe it. When asked my hosts explained birds are being hunted all the time by local hunters who have the right to enter anybody's property to do so, and will hunt even the smallest birds. There are some birds left but they have become so shy and elusive that when you maybe could hear them at dusk and dawn you will not see them. We are talking about big men with Sabatti shotguns hunting small delicate singing birds weighing a few grams for the supposedly culinary reward of consuming them, often migratory birds that have nested in countries that fiercely protect these small wonders of nature. Congratulations Italy, congratulations, Sabatti!!!
So they precision ream a bore, then turn the OD to spec, and finally, they slide a reverse image mandrel into the bore, and hammer forge the outside of the material until it's to OD spec, and end up with strong then eff barrel, (I got to picturing the complex alignment of the grains in the steel as the process was described. THAT is some seriously clever inverted/inside out thinking methodology. I've been contemplating building a hammer forge just to compete with my new neighbor across the street. He's a professional drummer who bought the remodeled house, and had a not nearly sound-proofed enough studio where the old garage was. I'm working on the math of how much weight can be lifted as the hammer with a 4' diameter, 1,000 pound flywheel. (some creative gearing and it could be run with a 1hp 240v motor, or a scavenged treadmill motor.) It should be for a good 'pop'. LOL Just haven't figured out what to make the anvil base from. i'm kinda leaning towards find something at a locomotive salvage yard, (as close to Portland, OR, as possible, cause the freight weight's gonna be up there... I'm looking for that 19th century steel mill 'clang', with the appropriate 'ground effect vibe'. HaHaHaHaHaHaHaHa! I wanna make his cymbals vibrate on every strike. Then, I'm gonna shop for a nice old, use iron worker... it is suburban war! (The following passage was heard in the narrator's voice from public broadcasting's Frontline as I wrote it. Let me know if you hear the same as you read it.) "He was a conscienscious artist who religiously practiced every day, for many hours. A new member of the neighbor, he was well liked by all, and his dedication to drumming was admired by ALMOST all. After his studio went silent one day, he was found with drum sticks where they should never be inserted." GeoD PS I'm joking. Not about building the hammer forge, or getting an iron worker, just about it being to compete. I actually like the new neighbor, he's got some good color on his arms, and he's fairly cool. I don't actually mind the incessantly repetitive practice patterns he drums one bit.
How do cold-hammered barrels respond to the heat created by long duration automatic fire? Are they less prone to warping from released compressive stresses than conventional machining methods?
Well the mg42 is hammer forged and it was a heavy machine gun shooting 8mm mauser but It was also designed to swap barrels but still they shoot pretty good and dont explode.
@@milobarbin6927 Nitriding is usually done at around 1000 degrees F, that heat level would tend to bring out internal stresses which might require straightening again. A better bet is hard cold plating.
Also, the nipple ends on the blanks going into the GFM machine are HUGE! The front sticks way out and the rear looks like it doesn't have much chamfer at all. Surprising they don't have more loading issues when the chuck head advances. Maybe their drivers are just cut very VERY steep to compensate.
As usual, your videos are amazing. Just outstanding. It's really criminal you only have 78k subscribers... one of the best kept secrets on TH-cam for shooting enthusiasts. Really appreciate this. 🤓
grande azienda la Sabatti una fra le migliori al mondo per cura e precisione della fattura dei loro prodotti, riconosciuta internazionalmente anche da campioni di tiro di molte specialità.
gordon cook I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
MrBanzold I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Ray Whitehead I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
One of my prized possessions is a rifle barrel by a renowned maker. Still not shot with in a rig by a master gunsmith. His name was Obermyer, now dead for years.
1:45 I'm very surprised this high precision tools are not protected or at least separated from each other. I would not even do that with my kitchen knives...
Great video... Sabatti makes good weapons. I have to say that the best way for accuracy is to do the rifling is by cutting... forging puts stress in the material that affect accuracy when barrel heats up.... every user must decide how accurate he wants his rifle for his use.
Jacques Shepperson The other difference between hammer forging vs. cutting is that the barrel is work hardened as it is forged, making for a barrel that will not bend as easily. Not important in a marksmanship setting, but all the difference when dragging the gun around in a hunting setting.
tom thompson I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Our family has 12 Gauge, 20 Gauge, 30-06, .243, 9mm (9X18 and 9X19), .38 Special and .380 and 22 LR guns. We live in Florida, there are four of us and we currently have 5 pistols and 7 rifles and 3 shotguns (2 X Pump and 1 X Lever Action). We also have 11 Archery Bows, both Recurve and Compound, but no Crossbows as of yet. I like watching documentaries instead of the garbage in most modern movies and shows... or I watch shows and movies from back in the 1950's to 1970's.
enerZise I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Mary Nollaig I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
oliver lee I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Just imagine if anything bad were to happen to disrupt society. And this applies to all manufacturing, how many people would even know how to run these machines that keep our world going.
+Val Martin It is being pushed in from the long track. See that tube on the tailstock? That's holding the mandrel. After the machine is holding the blank in place, it is being inserted.
ELEKTRIK I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Its easier to understand a carbide button pushed through barrel, thus cutting rifling into walls of barrel. a reverse rifling mandrel rod slipped into barrel and then hammered , squeezed , compressed into the metal, imprinting rifling into the walls, AS The bar stock is hammer streched to proper length and Pressing rifling into the walls evenly , over a Long distance. WOW... almost makes your head hurt. How long it took to prefect this method ???
Morrison I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I read that Chiappa musket barrels are forged. Is this the same process that Pedersoli uses? I know that Pedersoli barrels are 2nd to none and very accurate. Thanks
The only rifles I have ever bought have always been hammer forged cold steel barrels ,as machine rifling requires the lathes to be in top working order, any wear in the bearings of the lathe will show up in the end product..Even my BSA pcp air rifle is hammer forged..So accurate
Michael Lin I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I think I understand the process a bit better now. I had thought the forming section of the mandrel was as long as the finished barrel. I can see from 3:14 the forming section of the mandrel is only about 8cm long. I didn't realize the mandrel was pulled through the bore. Thanks for taking time to help understand.
David Harris I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Kevin Hullinger I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Well since they succeed apparently not. But anyway I don't think it would get stuck because the steel always has some spring to it so although the hammers force it on the mandrel with blows, after the blow the steel expands a bit so it's not tight on the mandrel. That's what I think. BTW Ned I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
@capandball {or anyone else} -- So, the rifling is created by _squeezing_ the exterior of the barrel, not from _cutting_ from the interior of the barrel...?
Fascinating. Often wondered how barrels are made. I assume that artillery barrels that are cold hammer forged is the same technique, just on a bigger scale?
As always, an excellent video. I am so glad I came to your channel. I think I understand your English a lot better than some of the American videos for sure. Thanks, this was a really eye opening video about how their rifling is processed. I wish American manufacturers would show us how they accomplish their rifling.
Sabatti fixes the sights to the barrel before threading it into the action. The rover 870 I ordered had the sights canted almost 10 degrees to the right. Poor quality control that it left the factory like that.
Please tell your hosts at Sabatti that we all appreciate them letting you film this. They have any amazing factory and it was very interesting to see how this is done. Rifling is always a bit of a mystery because the major manufacturers never seem to want to divulge their methods. Thanks again for sharing this with us.
Well said!
Thank you very much for showing me how the barrels for my custom rifles have been made they preform as well as the loads I have developed for them. The Coyotes don't like them very well, they run out to a distance they can't normally be hit stop and look back at you for maybe two seconds long enough to get a hot off if you're ready, that's the last mistake they ever make.
I've seen button rifling methods, but never hammer forged.
Enoic domesday prophecy
Go to BSA UK air rifles and you will see a far clearer picture of cold hammer forged barrels being made the best of the best
As a machinist, this process was very interesting to see!
Thank you for the video.
SgtStinger I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
As someone training to be a machinist it was also interesting :)
The best video of hammer forging I've seen. PS: Never mind the trolls, your English is excellent.
Is button barrel below cold hammer forged?
@@Pippinm7 If by "below" you mean cheaper, then yes. A button rifled barrel is made with easy tools in a few seconds from a drilled blank. Hammer forging requires far more complex machines. The benefit is a change in material properties due to hammerin. There is this myth of the steel becoming denser, which is no more then a myth. What happens is a change in the material structure, creating internal tension, which in turn leads to harder and tougher material.
@@peteraugust5295 thank you!
so its called hammer forged because the rifling is done with something like a hammering machine?
@@barfylord8453 The "negative" mandrel is what the hammers are beating/squeezing the entire piece of pipe (unfinished barrel) down onto. The process is akin to squishing larger lump of play-doh through a smaller tube, with a hard rod inside it. Steel can be formed, it just takes immense pressure (the hydraulic hammer). As that machine hammers radially around the barrel, the barrel is slowly pushed through the machine, rotating as it goes. The result is uniform exterior and the internal mandrel with the rifling travels along with the rotation rate of the rifling from one end to the other until the entire length has been hammered.
It's really the same as other hammer forging processes at a steel mill, the goal is to re-align metallic grain structures into a uniform and consistent direction which significantly increases strength, hardness, and other properties. Steel has microscopic grain. It's like the difference between a heap of random scrap metal, and that scrap metal welded into triangular lattice structure. One is shifty and weak, the other is stiff and strong.
Some hammer forged barrels are left with the hammered surface on factory rifles. Many have additional finishing removing those visible hammering spiraled ridges from the outside surface before moving on (receiving cerakote or bead blasting or some other finished surface).
Well that was an eye opener for sure! Amazing video. Thanks to Sabatti for letting us see this. They must be very proud of their manufacturing processes and it was amazing to see the 21st century rifling machine in operation. I could not believe how much the barrel "grew" during the hammer forging process on a cold piece of steel. It looked to be about 9" or 225 mm. Crazy!
It's useful to know that one of the reasons for the compression hammering at the rifling stage is to prestress the material, thereby reducing deformation due to the increased stiffness (Young's modulus) and also increasing the loading that the barrel can take. Though this is rarely an issue for civilian applications.
Don't know about Sabatti but I have owned several muzzleloaders from Pedersoli. Fit and finish is ALWAYS excellent and they are ALL superbly accurate. I was pleasantly surprised. The first deer rifle I got when I was a kid (1967) was a surplus Carcano, mostly because it only cost $25. It was about $5 worth of rifle...Then I got into SPorting Clays back in the late 80s and a friend bought a Beretta. long story short, I am very impressed by every modern Italian firearm I have seen.
Reminds me of watching the Swiss make their watches in-house. Shop tours are always among my favorite things to see. A place that won't give a factory tour is usually one that is embarrassed of their processes/technology or otherwise has something to hide (such as a huge amount of outsourcing).
Or simply has trade secrets that they don't want to share.
Player I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Very impressive in-depth look at how a firearms barrel is made.
Thanks David 👍
Thankyou for showing us your film. You have great skill, knowledge, commitment and passion in your work. You deserve everything great that comes your way.
Watching these machines work as a mechanical engineer is just beautiful.
I wish I was smart enough to be an engineer
Daddy I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
As a highly trained and skilled machinist and R&D man, i really appreciated this vid!
In a word, AMAZING!
I understood the basics of barrel making but have never had it explained with such visual clarity as this video.
It sure gives me a better appreciation for the methodology in the job.
Thank you for the presentation as well as to the manufacturer in letting you see their processes.
AMAZING!!
As an aside, this is my FIRST time seeing your video and posting but rest assured that I have SUBSCRIBED to your channel as you are a very credible information source. Thanks again!
Not all barrels are made this way. In fact most barrels are not made this way.
That was excellent! I've been trying to find "How it's made" videos on gun making and this is the best one so far. Most have the narrator on the shop floor and you can't even hear them.
larrybud I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Thanks for sharing with us completely ignorant people to tgis process. I have been shooting weapons for over 40 years and even at my age have a new found appreciation for your skill and technology.
Great video and thanks for sharing!
Randy
I have a book here by Ian Skenerton about each company which produced SMLEs during the Great War.
The BSA factory still emloyed blacksmiths to rough forge all the major components to the rifle, and then these pieces would go to the machining shop.
It's amazing to think this was done during a war with so many 303s made.
I love your channel capandball! I am from Maine in the US, and my job involves drilling metal like what is shown in your video. However we don’t do gun barrels anymore but we used to several years ago (including putting the rifling in the barrel). As someone who loves history and firearms it was interesting to see firsthand how it is done and then watch this. A machine that drills six barrels at once, I wonder how they kept them all within tolerance!
I am a machinist and used to work for Eaton here in Oklahoma and I ran these huge drill press machines called NATCO’s and they would drill out the motor parts that I made. Each of the 2K parts got drilled two holes on both sides. The 4K machine did the same only had 4 spindles with dual drill bits. The 5K machine had 5 spindles with two drill bits a piece. So each spindle would drill at the same time. We did batch testing with a go no go gauge. Every 20 motor parts I would check 5 of them. Most of the time they were good to go. If it got out of spec I had to change the tooling out and set the bits to the correct height. That was a pain in the rear!
Zastava and SAIGA use cold hammer forging also. Neat technique
Arsenal, FN are among them as well. All make great barrels.
Great Video, thanks much. A rare insight into how it is actually done in a production environment with older as well as modern CNC machinery.
Jim88 I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Excellent video, I've had a conceptual understanding of the process before - but seeing it all happen makes it so much more clear. Thank you for taking the time to get the tour!
Hallofo I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Μπράβο Ιταλία.....!!!!
If the barrel blanks were truly hardened before processing, they could not be drilled, reamed, or hammer forged. The hammer forging itself imparts work hardening, and much strength.
I would have liked to see how you get the insert out.
he means they are made of hard steel, it certainly is possible to apply any of those processes, it is just more difficult to do so.
Gun barrels aren't hard like knife-steel hard. Milspec M16/M4 barrels call for a Rockwell C hardness of 28-33 after tempering. Likewise, carburizing doesn't make a thing impossible to machine. I do it at work all the time.
Probably just spin it out
This was an excellent video. Thank you for it. I had no idea that much went into making a barrel. Those shotguns were beautiful at the end. I bet the skill on their workers is unmatched.
100fredkrueger I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I honestly thought it would be a lot simpler
This is amazing
azmanabdula I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
@@flat-earther
No offense mate
But if you look at the angles of the stars in relation to the earth its impossible
The Earth is a globe
For instance, you cannot show me a picture of polaris and the southern cross in the same picture
Not on Earth, Not in space
Hell, you would have to travel some 1000 light years
Almost leave our galaxy to capture them in the same picture
Think of that
They are in opposite directions
@@azmanabdula I suggest watching the series to learn stuff you may have not heard before.
@@flat-earther Mate enlighten me
You have a working mind
Speak for yourself!
Thanks for the behind the scenes look at how hammer forged barrels are made.
This must have been an amazing visit! Thank you so much and your hosts for allowing the filming. I have a hammer forged barrel and was curious what made it as such.
Swing I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
The steel is _already hardened._ That's amazing to me. That hardened steel can move that much. It's so hard to even drill hardened steel... I can't imagine how it stretches and forms that much, especially without cracking. Amazing.
Stringfellow I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
@@flat-earther And exactly what does that have to do with the video or my comment? Also, if you want to push idiotic theories, it might help your credibility to at least use proper grammar. But not much of course.
@@Golgafrinchamdent No relation but random suggestion.
If you want tell me how to write.
@@flat-earther Again, your meaning is unclear because you cannot express a cogent thought -- "If you want to tell me how to write." It goes a long way to explaining why you fall for "flat earth" theories... you're just not very smart.
@@Golgafrinchamdent I can't necessarily explain things well. I don't suggest merely believing what I say.
I suggest watching the series to learn stuff you may have not heard before and then making up your own mind about it.
Thank you this was informative and well produced.
You can trust the Italians. They are very good engineers. Excellent factory. Very Skilled.
+Crobular I I'll buy that. I love my Faustie
+Crobular I yes they know their art, building, and devotion to things, and know hot to not rush stuff and do it the best can be, look at the old buildings in the city of rome, its crazy how for as active sismicly italy is with the vulcanos and earthquakes that anything stands but some new buildins are put right to pre empire age buildings and you cant tell a differance, they know how to build, and its crazy but the 1000 year old building the pantheon that was the largest monolithic dome build untill modern times, never cracked and its older the christianity, yet many of the italian churches did not even have solid domes and they cracked at the base like the one on St Peters in the Vatican, they put chains around the dome to help with the compressive forces of gravity, the italians know how to make stuff well, and have been doing so for a long time, but mechanica, I go with austria, germany, switzerland, and usa and canada, as many old families the know the europenal enginering and mechines brought that to america, and had the drive to make it many times over the last 200 years to rivel that of the germans and swiss, and you got to give the japanese and indians credit too, in art and metal blade making, japan has many that are very regemented and soo devoted to the art its like a religion, they also have taken many things mondane and made the meditations, like tea ceremony, or shooting the bow in kyudo.
+Crobular I They're exceptionally good at making shotguns and pistols. They also have good local harvested selections of marbled walnut to make fine stocks and fore ends.
+Crobular I Anyone that has read "Desert Fox" or "Tiges in the Mud" by Otto Carius, or even Panzer Commander by Hans Von Luke, knows that the italian tanks were far less superior to the German tanks, but not because the Italians didn't know what they were doing. They simply didn't have the Economy that Germany did. You will also know that everyone who fought along side the Italians, knew that their Engines were FAR better than anything else on the battlefield in the early 40's. The Italians had long since mastered the ability to engineer great engines (look at ducati, lambo, ferrari) and other great Italian Cars. Their engines are solid. Nothing wrong with Italian engineering. They just weren't up on the building of the actual TANK before WWII. They have long since caught up and the C1 Ariete is a FINE tank.
+JackG79
Hi...
You're right, you're among the few who know the real facts ..someone instead should look at Wikipedia who were Barsanti and Matteucci, the inventors of the internal combustion engine, which unfortunately for them they did not have the money to continue paying their patent..is an Italian tradition to know how to do things but do not have the money to market them :) or to be blowing the patent by those who must protect it and sells it to others, as in the case of the phone, Italian invention of the '60s years, greetings from Italy...
I love Sabatti....Unrfotunately I canìt afford the Tactical L model, but... if you can, check it.... it's the Ferrari of rifles
Well thought out and well engineered!
I never knew that hardened steel could be cold hammer forged,
The fact that any level of 'hardened' steel can me essentially 'molded' by this process is amazing. My Steyr hammer forged barrel rifle is incredibly accurate.
I must search if you have something showing how before these machines, it was done. That fascinates me as a budding blacksmith.... I saw pistol barrels done a bit, but never a long gun.
How do you thumbs down this video? It is a very goo look at the hammer forging process. It isn't like it was titled "Cute and Funny Cats" an then turned out to be about making guns. You people will hate anything.
+Able Fox The factory was too loud, the accent wasn't Italian enough, they don't like the colour of the shirt, weapon producers are murderers. Take a pick, some people vote videos down for anything ;)
A couple of misclicks might be among them aswell.
I highly doubt there is some conspiracy where anti-gunners are going around and thumbs downing any videos about guns. I think what is more likely is that people are just spoiled by the detail and high production value of shows like "How It's Made", and were disappointed in this.
Not enough funny cats with Italian accents.
It doesn't have to be a conspiracy for a portion of the dislikes to be 'GUNS OMG DOWNVOTE'.
No titties
Thank you Mr Sabatti!
Very nice description!
Beautiful guns, and always nice to get factory tours. Thanks!
Lucius I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
@@flat-earther I'll just take your word for it lol
@@AtlasJotun Whatever you choose for yourself.
I don't suggest merely believing what I or others say.
Rather I suggest watching the series to learn stuff you may have not heard before and then making up your own mind about it.
I believe Steyr leaves the rifling marks visible on the outside of the barrel. Beautiful finish. With a controlled internal bore taper decreasing towards the muzzle, the result is an unbelievably accurate barrel.
They do on many. The Mannlicher Luxus series have them for about 4 inches ahead of the action, beautifully polished and blued. Very striking appearance.
Bravo! A lot of information into a short video. So cold forging work-hardens the whole barrel while button rifling only work-hardens the bore. And cnc machining is why some very inexpensive firearms can be very accurate.
the quality of any product is only as good as the quality control department.
Incrível a criatividade do homem para melhorar os métodos de fabricação.
I AM VERY THANKFUL FOR THIS EDUCATIONAL VIDEO AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE TO SHARE THEIR TECHNOLGY AND CRAFTSMANSHIP. BRAVO!!!!
Crab I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I would like to know how they get the mandrel out, after they hammer the barrel down around it. It seems like it would be stuck. Does it just twist out with the rifling?
RaiderSix I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
As you can see from the old machine the section the hammers hit and the internal mandrel were only about 7 inches long the barrel was fed into the hammers as lubricating oil was added. I believe the unseen mandrel is turned to creat the twist? I do wonder how much better these barrels would be if stress relived after the contouring process with cryo freezing ? I really don’t want one from the batch that went through before tool wear allowed the no go gauge to fit. We call those ones “Friday guns”
Interesting
Thank you for the tour
GREAT video thanks to you and mr.sabatti
I'm not even starting about people being shot with Sabatti guns, they're being shot by other people.
When a few years ago friends in the Sabina region north of Rome invited me to help harvest their 1 hectare of olive trees I was so delighted. The work took a week with 5-6 people working 8 hours a day but it was wonderful to do in a beautiful valley with hedgerows, patches of woodland, meadows etc., it was the Italy you dream about in cold, wet Holland. Then I noticed there were no birds, especially no singing birds, didn't hear a bird's song all week being outdoors, I could't believe it. When asked my hosts explained birds are being hunted all the time by local hunters who have the right to enter anybody's property to do so, and will hunt even the smallest birds. There are some birds left but they have become so shy and elusive that when you maybe could hear them at dusk and dawn you will not see them. We are talking about big men with Sabatti shotguns hunting small delicate singing birds weighing a few grams for the supposedly culinary reward of consuming them, often migratory birds that have nested in countries that fiercely protect these small wonders of nature. Congratulations Italy, congratulations, Sabatti!!!
What is the name of this metal used in the manufacture of barrels, and is there an alternative to it?
So they precision ream a bore, then turn the OD to spec, and finally, they slide a reverse image mandrel into the bore, and hammer forge the outside of the material until it's to OD spec, and end up with strong then eff barrel, (I got to picturing the complex alignment of the grains in the steel as the process was described. THAT is some seriously clever inverted/inside out thinking methodology.
I've been contemplating building a hammer forge just to compete with my new neighbor across the street. He's a professional drummer who bought the remodeled house, and had a not nearly sound-proofed enough studio where the old garage was. I'm working on the math of how much weight can be lifted as the hammer with a 4' diameter, 1,000 pound flywheel. (some creative gearing and it could be run with a 1hp 240v motor, or a scavenged treadmill motor.)
It should be for a good 'pop'. LOL Just haven't figured out what to make the anvil base from. i'm kinda leaning towards find something at a locomotive salvage yard, (as close to Portland, OR, as possible, cause the freight weight's gonna be up there...
I'm looking for that 19th century steel mill 'clang', with the appropriate 'ground effect vibe'. HaHaHaHaHaHaHaHa! I wanna make his cymbals vibrate on every strike. Then, I'm gonna shop for a nice old, use iron worker... it is suburban war!
(The following passage was heard in the narrator's voice from public broadcasting's Frontline as I wrote it. Let me know if you hear the same as you read it.)
"He was a conscienscious artist who religiously practiced every day, for many hours. A new member of the neighbor, he was well liked by all, and his dedication to drumming was admired by ALMOST all.
After his studio went silent one day, he was found with drum sticks where they should never be inserted."
GeoD
PS
I'm joking. Not about building the hammer forge, or getting an iron worker, just about it being to compete. I actually like the new neighbor, he's got some good color on his arms, and he's fairly cool. I don't actually mind the incessantly repetitive practice patterns he drums one bit.
How do cold-hammered barrels respond to the heat created by long duration automatic fire? Are they less prone to warping from released compressive stresses than conventional machining methods?
Not sure . The hammer forge process does compress the metal making it more dense/harder/durable.
Best possible way to do it ..today's corner cutters are using salt bath to harden barrels ..nothing beats chf
Well the mg42 is hammer forged and it was a heavy machine gun shooting 8mm mauser but It was also designed to swap barrels but still they shoot pretty good and dont explode.
@@o9rgeronimo979 It still wouldn't be a bad idea to nitride a chf barrel just for the corrosion resistance.
@@milobarbin6927 Nitriding is usually done at around 1000 degrees F, that heat level would tend to bring out internal stresses which might require straightening again. A better bet is hard cold plating.
Also, the nipple ends on the blanks going into the GFM machine are HUGE! The front sticks way out and the rear looks like it doesn't have much chamfer at all. Surprising they don't have more loading issues when the chuck head advances. Maybe their drivers are just cut very VERY steep to compensate.
too much tv
As usual, your videos are amazing. Just outstanding. It's really criminal you only have 78k subscribers... one of the best kept secrets on TH-cam for shooting enthusiasts. Really appreciate this. 🤓
Thank you very much for another great video. I had never seen the actual process before, and it makes a lot more sense now.
很想知道一个事情，为什么是先钻孔和铰孔、珩磨孔，最后再冷拔管子，这样珩磨的精度不是被破坏了吗？还是最后还要精加工？请给个说明，感谢！
Enjoyable and educational. Thank you, Sir
Excellent video! It was informative and beautifully filmed. Thank you for making it!
thunder I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I am very impressed. Thank you for showing us
Peter I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Best video I've seen on the Cold Hammer Forging process
Thank you for the video. It was very informative and provided exactly the information I sought. Muchas Gracias from Texas!
6:14 ...what are they producing? Barrels for 20mm cannons...?
Man of Mayhem looks kinda like a 12 gauge slug barrel
grande azienda la Sabatti una fra le migliori al mondo per cura e precisione della fattura dei loro prodotti, riconosciuta internazionalmente anche da campioni di tiro di molte specialità.
Fascinating video , I had no idea how this was done.
gordon cook I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Fascinating video, thanks very much for this insight into barrel making.
MrBanzold I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Greetings from Caifornia. Great video. Looks like excellent workmanship.
Ray Whitehead I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
One of my prized possessions is a rifle barrel by a renowned maker. Still not shot with in a rig by a master gunsmith. His name was Obermyer, now dead for years.
@@raywhitehead730 Okay.
I suggest watching the series to learn stuff you may have not heard before.
Very interesting video, thank you.
1:45 I'm very surprised this high precision tools are not protected or at least separated from each other.
I would not even do that with my kitchen knives...
SH1974 I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Very good presentation 👍
Wow. Ty for making this video.
Jack I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Great video... Sabatti makes good weapons. I have to say that the best way for accuracy is to do the rifling is by cutting... forging puts stress in the material that affect accuracy when barrel heats up.... every user must decide how accurate he wants his rifle for his use.
Jacques Shepperson The other difference between hammer forging vs. cutting is that the barrel is work hardened as it is forged, making for a barrel that will not bend as easily. Not important in a marksmanship setting, but all the difference when dragging the gun around in a hunting setting.
Excellent video! Very well done. Thank you.
wincav I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
First class video , well explained.
tom thompson I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Our family has 12 Gauge, 20 Gauge, 30-06, .243, 9mm (9X18 and 9X19), .38 Special and .380 and 22 LR guns.
We live in Florida, there are four of us and we currently have 5 pistols and 7 rifles and 3 shotguns (2 X Pump and 1 X Lever Action).
We also have 11 Archery Bows, both Recurve and Compound, but no Crossbows as of yet.
I like watching documentaries instead of the garbage in most modern movies and shows... or I watch shows and movies from back in the 1950's to 1970's.
enerZise I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Very Informative! Thanks!
R Kroz I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
You said the machine can make parallel bores, what is the other type of bore it can make? I could not hear what you said.
Mary Nollaig I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I love these videos. Great job.
Casual I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Thanks Salt Bae, great tutorial.
oliver lee I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Great video thanks for posting!
That is just... WOW. Mass production is really conducive to quality firearms.
Just imagine if anything bad were to happen to disrupt society. And this applies to all manufacturing, how many people would even know how to run these machines that keep our world going.
Thoroughly enjoyed this video. Learned a lot today from this. Thanks
When making the second barrel on the newer CNC machine I could not see any mandrel in the bore as in the first one. How is that?
Val Martin I think it might be protruding from inside the piece that holds and spins the barrel.
+Val Martin It is being pushed in from the long track. See that tube on the tailstock? That's holding the mandrel. After the machine is holding the blank in place, it is being inserted.
I can watch these types of videos forever!!
ELEKTRIK I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Its easier to understand a carbide button pushed through barrel, thus cutting rifling into walls of barrel. a reverse rifling mandrel rod slipped into barrel and then hammered , squeezed , compressed into the metal, imprinting rifling into the walls, AS The bar stock is hammer streched to proper length and Pressing rifling into the walls evenly , over a Long distance. WOW... almost makes your head hurt. How long it took to prefect this method ???
Can they make progressive twist barrels?
Yea, that's quite a change! I didn't think it would be that significant!
Morrison I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Very good video , very interesting process of gun barrels making .Sabatti is a name to remember for me .
Such interesting, thanks.
Gilles I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I read that Chiappa musket barrels are forged. Is this the same process that Pedersoli uses? I know that Pedersoli barrels are 2nd to none and very accurate. Thanks
The only rifles I have ever bought have always been hammer forged cold steel barrels ,as machine rifling requires the lathes to be in top working order, any wear in the bearings of the lathe will show up in the end product..Even my BSA pcp air rifle is hammer forged..So accurate
hello there, what other brand rifles (except Sabatti) barrel made by their hammer-forged barrel? for example, how about Sako or other brands?
Michael Lin I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I'm thinking precipitation hardened steel is used for the barrels. That way the barrel can be forged without soaking.
Acid1 I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
How do they remove the mandrel after the forging? I couldn't tell from the excellent video.
The Mandrel stays static in one pointand is so "loose" on the side its pulled towards!
I think I understand the process a bit better now. I had thought the forming section of the mandrel was as long as the finished barrel. I can see from 3:14 the forming section of the mandrel is only about 8cm long.
I didn't realize the mandrel was pulled through the bore.
Thanks for taking time to help understand.
Imagine a tube of clay. Put a finger inside, squeeze with the free hand, pull finger bit back squeeze and so on and so on !
Nice video, wish it was longer 👍
asueft I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Can hammer forged barrels rifling be done as a gain twist?
Please do a video on whitworth rifling barrel making..I can find not a single one
David Harris I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
That is really cool, I've seen these giant machines before in pictures, but I've never seen how it works before.
Excellent video 👍
Kevin Hullinger I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
I enjoyed seeing the other process of making lands and grooves. Thank You
Doesn't the mandrill get stuck in the barrel as it's hammered?
Well since they succeed apparently not. But anyway I don't think it would get stuck because the steel always has some spring to it so although the hammers force it on the mandrel with blows, after the blow the steel expands a bit so it's not tight on the mandrel. That's what I think.
BTW Ned I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
@capandball {or anyone else} -- So, the rifling is created by _squeezing_ the exterior of the barrel, not from _cutting_ from the interior of the barrel...?
Fascinating. Often wondered how barrels are made. I assume that artillery barrels that are cold hammer forged is the same technique, just on a bigger scale?
Not all barrels are made this way. In fact most barrels are not made this way.
Did they use Amarone as lubrication?
As always, an excellent video. I am so glad I came to your channel. I think I understand your English a lot better than some of the American videos for sure. Thanks, this was a really eye opening video about how their rifling is processed. I wish American manufacturers would show us how they accomplish their rifling.
TBull I suggest watch a 13 part series called _What on earth happened_ by Ewaranon to learn that the earth is not a globe. I got it in my about tab.
Sabatti fixes the sights to the barrel before threading it into the action. The rover 870 I ordered had the sights canted almost 10 degrees to the right. Poor quality control that it left the factory like that.