I spent 51 days in the Himalaya and Indian made snickers and mars bars are really popular there. There is even a dessert where they bread a snickers, deep fry it and pour a custard over it. For real...
I can only imagine it because the sense of taste decreases at high altitudes. Perhaps a Snickers is so intense that it still tastes good. Lots of sugar stimulates the receptors on the tongue. As @spicybrown75 pointed out with her answer
Including the equipment, personnel, food and permits, an expedition costs like $50,000 at minimum excluding the training before the attempt. Cherry on top is you could die and your body may not even be recovered because of the altitude. It is truly a rich person hobby.
Gotta laugh at the extreme dudes walking with nothing while Sherpa carrying a full load…the extreme dudes pack…& the extreme dudes have utube channels and write books lol…Sherpas are the hero’s
i'd agree if they weren't pretending like they're amazing for doing it. The sherpas and a few foreigners summit while actually pulling their own weight. The vast majority of climbers in the himilayas are using other's labor to pretend like they've achieved something. @@trader2137
@@trader2137”Be happy with your crumbs peasant” hell no. These guys deserve way more money for the work they do and more recognition than “Wealthy climbers” who pay them enough so they can barely survive to do all of their work for them.
@@trader2137Sherpa doesn't mean job but their ethnicity - People from east aka Eastern Tibet. Sherpas settled in the region around 600 years ago from Eastern Tibet bordering Sino Tibetan border. People have been living their for thousands of v/ years. So their existence doesn't depend on few hundred climbers a year. Tibetan plateau he as been inhabited at least for tens of thousands years. While Western climbers have only about 100 years in Himalayas. Don't blurt ignorantly.
ive always wanted to see mt everest. i dont really care to actually climb it. just want see it up close and be in its presence. ive heard the hike just to get up to that area can take up to a week. crazy stuff.
A bucket list adventure for me would be to trek to base camp. Another one is climbing mount kilamanjaro. I'm not into climbing so the notions aren't super motivated. More like a wish
Piękne widoki na szczyty. przejście przez Khumbu no i wspinaczka przy poręczówkach 😊😊😊😊😊😊. Najważniejsze to sprawdzić sprzęt, przygotować wszystko do drogi i ruszać przed siebie. pozdrawiam szerpow. Szanuję waszą pracę. ❤❤❤❤❤. Renata
And money to throw away for all the deposits you'll be making. I'd say 10 racks would be almost enough to cover just you for just trash and O² tanks. Then you'll have to consider the costs of permits and paying a Sherpa.
and i guarantee you you can use a figure eight descender for more than 4 years and the boots more than 2 years, like they dont break or get damaged that quickly
Hey All, I know nothing about alpine ascents, but I've camped in -10F weather with a 30F rated sleeping bag and lots of baselayers and basic down clothing. My question is, I've seen expedition down suits rated to -50F, the Watusi Suit for example. With a suit like that, is a down sleeping bag necessary? What are the suits and bags in this video rated at?
This is such a great series. Please do another set or keep it going. Would like to learn more on this topic as irs not covered widely. For topics, consider the female perspective. Inoact niutaineering has on Nepalese businesses and conmerce. Recycling and cleaning story was fascinating. Please explore more about the small businesses that exist around Mount Everest. Also more Sherpa stories, native stories, and stories told from their point of view.
Who pays for the equipment and consumables when the Sherpas fix the ropes at the beginning of climbing season? Are the ropes be used more than one season? For people who solo, I assume they still clip onto the ropes?
With all the advanced equipment it is crazy that they still use a utility ladder to walk across gaps in the ice. One day in the future people will look at videos and say looks how primitive climbing used to be they used ladders to walk on. They need something with a complete flat surface instead of rungs every 1 foot, it looks so easy to get pointed crampons stuck in.
They're used because they are lighter than the other options. The rungs kind of lock the crampons in place. Glaciers also move, so you can't have a permanent structure.
It’s the Sherpas that conquer the Everast , not the climbers. They can’t do it on their own. So if anyone tells you they climbed Mt Everest, most probably NOT!
Except Sir Edmund Hillary, ofc. I believe him. (Edit: I was being sarcastically hyperbolic, based on the story told on the side of the box of a brand of tents bearing his name. Obviously, Sir Hilary, more than most, required massive assistance!)
@@MomMom4Cubsa sherpa named tenzing norway was with him you can search it but of course it would be edmund the first person to climb not the sherpa it is what always happen these people write autobiographies and books and claim to conquer not climb the mountain and refer to sherpa as their friends who they just happen to meet in nepal i mean you hired them and they are your lifeguard For me conquering mt everest means doing it on your own without going on predefined routes and then you should say i conquered mt everest unless then tell you paid to climb mt everest
@@MomMom4Cubs Edmund Hilary didn’t climb on his own, and he couldn’t do if tenzing wasn’t there… Edmund basically used him to glorify his climb, but later the world humiliated him for not acknowledging his skilled climber tenzing…. Typical British hypocrites…
Shocking how foreign climbers don’t do Everest in steps. But prefer to climb all at once, in one season. You should get used to the mountain with repeat climbs year after year before making an attempt on the summit.
That's not how climbing works. You can acclimatize to the elevation, but that only lasts a few weeks after you go back to lower elevations. And the route up the mountain changes every year due to avalanches, crevasses, and different conditions so you can't "get used to" the mountain. Also you need a permit to climb above base camp, which costs $11,000 (goes up to $15,000 in 2025) and lasts 1 season so it would be a waste to get a permit and not attempt to summit. Often climbers do climb other shorter mountains to acclimatize before they climb any big mountain.
Wouldn't that mean more fecal matter and garbage for the Sherpas to contend with? I bet they'd rather deal with these "influencers" once and get rid of them to foul up wherever they're from.
That’s a lot of heart they carry. Also FYI on why the oxygen tank looks so small, imagine carrying a full diving oxygen tank and walking for 1-2 minutes walking which for me weighs (feels) close to 10-15kg and I was 14 at the time, weight in climbing should be less since it can be very difficult to walk with a lot of gear.
@@uuuuu9313 so are mountain climbers its a competition against the self, no one can increase your stamina and ability to climb at high altitude, all the "staff" if you want to call them that, do is support you to try and make sure you don't die, just as athletes are surrounded by coaches, team mates, family and the race track is flanked by first aiders and some times ambulances on standby at large events, there is always support.
I want one of those oxygen masks and tanks but man they are expensive. And on the websites for sale they get even more expensive than $1,000 A major problem with older masks too is that they would often freeze up in the extreme cold up there.
nope you clearly have not watched the video about cleaning up the mountain, they have to bring it all back with them if they can and they send out cleaning expeditions to collect left over stuff and dead people
Nothing but a bunch of rich people who wanna put a notch in their belt destroying a once beautiful environment. Tons and tons of trash, dead bodies everywhere, it’s disgraceful this is allowed to continue.
Many historical mountain summits required teams of people. In fact, I recall hardly any where it was a solo climber who made it to the top entirely by their own effort.
I just want to mention, that many prices are here exaggerated. For example harness+secure equipment cost at most 100 bucks and never 280$. Also many parts of your equipment you can easily buy used in a almost new condition, like crampons and ice axes.
@@toxxatoxxt9490 Lol prices here are not exaggerated. They use reputable brands, and even reputable brands have harnesses and "secure equipment" that starts from entry-level cost to more advanced. Nobody climbing Everest, including the Sherpas are using unknown entry-level brands. Source: I went to base camp back in '16.
@@toxxatoxxt9490 I'm sure in Kathmandu there are many choices for "used once" items, but typically these items will be sold as a premium because of demand. By the way I think any jackass could see that both of these items ARE in fact safety items in climbing Everest. I mean you're not hiking the Appalachian trail. Thanks for your comment though even if it was dumb
Companies like north face, Patagonia, Columbia, and arc teryx should send sherpas gear for free, or give sherpas access to state of the art gear super discounted
Who is so stupid and spent 280 bucks for harness+secure equipment? Petzl corax 50$, Petzl ascension (jumar) 30$, some carabiners and cords from ocun are 30$ at most. So just 110$.
If they were little bit seriously about there waste which is not so heavy which the climber and Sherpa can easily carry there waste the would have been clean
watching this over-dramatized shit as an alpine climber is so frustrating lol. The only real dangers are the environmental ones, stfu abt "not having a headlamp will kill you".
Most climbers lost on our local mountains fail to bring a light source & stay out too late enjoying the summit sunset - believe it or not, it gets dark without sunlight & it's even darker in the sub-alpine forest.
How about cleaning up the mountain and the different camps. If you can carry it up you should be able to carry it down. It’s disgusting and irresponsible
I love that Snickers are sherpa approved gear for the climb.
Bc you are Mr. Snickers?
Because it's full of sugar
I spent 51 days in the Himalaya and Indian made snickers and mars bars are really popular there. There is even a dessert where they bread a snickers, deep fry it and pour a custard over it. For real...
This is lower down. There is no way especially not on oxygen majority of people could eat a snickers at 8000m. I never saw one up so high.
I can only imagine it because the sense of taste decreases at high altitudes. Perhaps a Snickers is so intense that it still tastes good. Lots of sugar stimulates the receptors on the tongue. As @spicybrown75 pointed out with her answer
Including the equipment, personnel, food and permits, an expedition costs like $50,000 at minimum excluding the training before the attempt. Cherry on top is you could die and your body may not even be recovered because of the altitude. It is truly a rich person hobby.
at least your body will be perserved forever, which money cant buy
@@jamiexu6718that's really the biggest dream someone could have...to have the body abandoned on top of the world....
@@jamiexu6718 who would want to be preserved forever?
@@jamiexu6718Yes you can. Look at vladimir lenin.
@@chrisrubin6445why not ? Maybe be recovered after 300 years and be part of the future somehow ? 🤣🤣🤣🤣
I’ll watch this in my comfy bed. Never planing to do this
your plane leaves in 5 minutes
Poor u
Snickers should sponsor the Sherpas with free chocolate bars.
Why,they already got the free endorsements why waste millions 😅
LOL, I actually did not saw a single snickers bar on 8000er or eve 7000er ;)
Alright ya posh tossa @@tomk3732
Snickers are awesome in cold-weather. Clif Bars or something similar will be frozen solid and literally break your teeth.
They do actually. Insane amount of free samples reach Nepal each year.
Gotta laugh at the extreme dudes walking with nothing while Sherpa carrying a full load…the extreme dudes pack…& the extreme dudes have utube channels and write books lol…Sherpas are the hero’s
its their job.... if it wasnt the wealthy climber the sherpas would cease to exist
i'd agree if they weren't pretending like they're amazing for doing it. The sherpas and a few foreigners summit while actually pulling their own weight. The vast majority of climbers in the himilayas are using other's labor to pretend like they've achieved something. @@trader2137
@@trader2137”Be happy with your crumbs peasant” hell no. These guys deserve way more money for the work they do and more recognition than “Wealthy climbers” who pay them enough so they can barely survive to do all of their work for them.
@@trader2137Sherpa doesn't mean job but their ethnicity - People from east aka Eastern Tibet. Sherpas settled in the region around 600 years ago from Eastern Tibet bordering Sino Tibetan border. People have been living their for thousands of v/ years.
So their existence doesn't depend on few hundred climbers a year. Tibetan plateau he as been inhabited at least for tens of thousands years. While Western climbers have only about 100 years in Himalayas.
Don't blurt ignorantly.
@@trader2137 Lol sherpas don't need Western wealth to survive. They have lived here even before commercial expeditions started
God bless the Sherpas.. they save so many lives every year.
I really like these videos about the Sherpa's and the local people.
sherpa hasn't the same metabolism as us, the weather gave them like "powers", they are superheroes. God bless them
I'm going to make use of Snickers on all of my treks from now on. If it can help on Mount Everest, it can be useful anywhere.
ive always wanted to see mt everest. i dont really care to actually climb it. just want see it up close and be in its presence. ive heard the hike just to get up to that area can take up to a week. crazy stuff.
Usually two weeks and cost is around 1200 USD plus ticket to Kathamandu + visa $50 + insurance (around $150) + any personal expenses.
A bucket list adventure for me would be to trek to base camp. Another one is climbing mount kilamanjaro. I'm not into climbing so the notions aren't super motivated. More like a wish
The zipper to poop... that's probably all my tiny brain is gonna be able to retain from this video after I wake up tomorrow
Hahahhahaha
Not that there is a chance you need it - you eat very little.
Piękne widoki na szczyty. przejście przez Khumbu no i wspinaczka przy poręczówkach 😊😊😊😊😊😊. Najważniejsze to sprawdzić sprzęt, przygotować wszystko do drogi i ruszać przed siebie. pozdrawiam szerpow. Szanuję waszą pracę. ❤❤❤❤❤. Renata
The mountains are beautiful.
Loves this series
Thanks for watching!
Sherpas are so awesome . I can’t imagine climbing the headrest peaks and getting others there for a career
Made me think of Mallory and Irvine's clothing and gear..
Just imagine.!! How hard it used to be....
The most important factor is paying a Sherpa to haul all the heavy shit for you.
And money to throw away for all the deposits you'll be making. I'd say 10 racks would be almost enough to cover just you for just trash and O² tanks. Then you'll have to consider the costs of permits and paying a Sherpa.
Just fly? It'd be way easier, and could probably charge people the same.
@@XKqS you can't fly..
Climbing mountain is so fun and enjoying. Great video.
Thanks for watching!
very happy that he still call those jumars, so many new climbers nowdays don't call them jumars anymore
Huh? What do they call them? Asking as a climber.
@@jeffd6 ascenders
@@jeffd6 Ascenders
and i guarantee you you can use a figure eight descender for more than 4 years and the boots more than 2 years, like they dont break or get damaged that quickly
@@jeffd6 Ppl call them ascenders now, which is a more useful name lol, but jumar just have that history flavor to it
Now I know why snickers are so good in an airplane😂
Hey All, I know nothing about alpine ascents, but I've camped in -10F weather with a 30F rated sleeping bag and lots of baselayers and basic down clothing. My question is, I've seen expedition down suits rated to -50F, the Watusi Suit for example. With a suit like that, is a down sleeping bag necessary? What are the suits and bags in this video rated at?
4:46 Ahh… those special socks that only can be used once (?!)
Any decent merino *wool* sock can be used for weeks without washing.
Yea, I had the same thought.
Wished they had mentioned the average weight of those loaded packs
Excellent Video
This is such a great series. Please do another set or keep it going. Would like to learn more on this topic as irs not covered widely. For topics, consider the female perspective. Inoact niutaineering has on Nepalese businesses and conmerce. Recycling and cleaning story was fascinating. Please explore more about the small businesses that exist around Mount Everest. Also more Sherpa stories, native stories, and stories told from their point of view.
What's in my bag? - Sherpa Edition
Awesome
Who pays for the equipment and consumables when the Sherpas fix the ropes at the beginning of climbing season? Are the ropes be used more than one season? For people who solo, I assume they still clip onto the ropes?
My question is instead of ladder why don't they use a big iron slab, doesn't it make more easier to cross the khumbu ice fall?
because someone has to carry that ladder all the way up there and an iron slab would be much heavier
Ladders are strong and cheap and relatively light.
snowy shoes slides in slab.
With all the advanced equipment it is crazy that they still use a utility ladder to walk across gaps in the ice. One day in the future people will look at videos and say looks how primitive climbing used to be they used ladders to walk on. They need something with a complete flat surface instead of rungs every 1 foot, it looks so easy to get pointed crampons stuck in.
They're used because they are lighter than the other options. The rungs kind of lock the crampons in place. Glaciers also move, so you can't have a permanent structure.
*What a tough way to make a living.*
About what does all this gear weigh? What about tents? Thanks.
Interesting
I summit fast & light barefoot in a Speedo. No acclimatization. No superfluous gear.
It’s the Sherpas that conquer the Everast , not the climbers. They can’t do it on their own. So if anyone tells you they climbed Mt Everest, most probably NOT!
Except Sir Edmund Hillary, ofc. I believe him.
(Edit: I was being sarcastically hyperbolic, based on the story told on the side of the box of a brand of tents bearing his name. Obviously, Sir Hilary, more than most, required massive assistance!)
@@MomMom4Cubsa sherpa named tenzing norway was with him you can search it but of course it would be edmund the first person to climb not the sherpa it is what always happen these people write autobiographies and books and claim to conquer not climb the mountain and refer to sherpa as their friends who they just happen to meet in nepal i mean you hired them and they are your lifeguard
For me conquering mt everest means doing it on your own without going on predefined routes and then you should say i conquered mt everest unless then tell you paid to climb mt everest
@@MomMom4Cubs Edmund Hilary didn’t climb on his own, and he couldn’t do if tenzing wasn’t there… Edmund basically used him to glorify his climb, but later the world humiliated him for not acknowledging his skilled climber tenzing…. Typical British hypocrites…
Well of course not, it's team effort.
There have been many that have climbed everest without Sherpa help.
Its only a matter of time somebody is going to build a gondola lift and a fancy restaurant at the top.
Full cost at the end and how often does he climb?
no durex?
Ramses.
Ya, NO!
Shocking how foreign climbers don’t do Everest in steps. But prefer to climb all at once, in one season.
You should get used to the mountain with repeat climbs year after year before making an attempt on the summit.
That's not how climbing works. You can acclimatize to the elevation, but that only lasts a few weeks after you go back to lower elevations. And the route up the mountain changes every year due to avalanches, crevasses, and different conditions so you can't "get used to" the mountain. Also you need a permit to climb above base camp, which costs $11,000 (goes up to $15,000 in 2025) and lasts 1 season so it would be a waste to get a permit and not attempt to summit. Often climbers do climb other shorter mountains to acclimatize before they climb any big mountain.
Ummm, everyone climbs every mountain in one season ;)
Wouldn't that mean more fecal matter and garbage for the Sherpas to contend with? I bet they'd rather deal with these "influencers" once and get rid of them to foul up wherever they're from.
Said the rich person... Who can go to climb Everest year after year??
forgot sunblock
This costs $1000 to make it safe and this costs $500 to make it safe and this is the $40 Home Depot ladder we walk across the bottomless drop with....
I’d make him carry a fireplace 😂
How much does that all weigh?!
I love he had a dollar store battery in his light
theyre the most common ones u can get here lol
❤
Maybe you should do how much value of Waste and Garbage per climber leave on Everest
They did that one already.
My grandpa had a dierrhea while climbing... You can still see his poop, greenish yellow, on the mountain side.
I wonder how many times the guides would have climbed the summit
To think how far Mallory and Irvine went, with no sherpas and dressed in a few layers of wool and hobnail boots 😳😳😳
🎉 cool
Need of an ice ax is low - once route doctors are done there is no need for it. You just clip in and go.
The only dream of mine is to climb God of mountain
What happens to the deuces?
I think they carry buckets.
Gets buried but new law has been made that climbers need to bring it back with them. No more burying allowed.
@@edgargap9587 That’s a really good idea.
That’s a lot of heart they carry.
Also FYI on why the oxygen tank looks so small, imagine carrying a full diving oxygen tank and walking for 1-2 minutes walking which for me weighs (feels) close to 10-15kg and I was 14 at the time, weight in climbing should be less since it can be very difficult to walk with a lot of gear.
१:५८ खैरेहरुले खानेको अर्थ के हो?
what actually do they go and see up there that so many rush up to everest?
Its the the biggest achievement for mountain climbers thats all like athletes all want to win the olympics
If you’ve ever been to the top of a decent sized mountain you’d know. It’s a wonderful experience.
@@GreatSageSunWukongexcept athletes win the medals on their own hardwork sure coaches help them but when time comes to perform they are on their own
@@uuuuu9313 so are mountain climbers its a competition against the self, no one can increase your stamina and ability to climb at high altitude, all the "staff" if you want to call them that, do is support you to try and make sure you don't die, just as athletes are surrounded by coaches, team mates, family and the race track is flanked by first aiders and some times ambulances on standby at large events, there is always support.
I want one of those oxygen masks and tanks but man they are expensive. And on the websites for sale they get even more expensive than $1,000
A major problem with older masks too is that they would often freeze up in the extreme cold up there.
The massive Exploitation of mountain by nepal is so unfortunate. Leading Everest as the world dirtiest mountain in the world
Would hate to fall down and get stabbed by a frozen "deuce" then have to explain that when I got home.
I will only climb the mountain using my eyes 6268 kilometers away 🤦♂️
K, so once again, only the rich bastards can afford to do the cool shit
If everyone could do it, it might not seem so cool. Everybody can afford to ride around on a bicycle; is that considered cool?
welcome to capitalism my dude. Where money can take you anywhere and buy just about any good, service or even people themselves. EAT THE RICH
Interesting. Nope I’m good.
God bless And protect
Them ❤
Thanks Buisness insider🩵
Do you carry down the trash 🗑
Yes.
It's not there for you, leave it alone.
Don't forget we love to trash. So, as we explore, we also destroy
sidhai khaire bhandinu bho dai le not even 'tourist', testo height ma thakera real nepali niskido raicha😂😂
You missed “A lack of common sense”.
So climbers be shitting all over the mountain...not good
nope you clearly have not watched the video about cleaning up the mountain, they have to bring it all back with them if they can and they send out cleaning expeditions to collect left over stuff and dead people
They carry buckets.
@@GreatSageSunWukongI saw that and I've also seen the piles of feces and garbage everywhere in other videos.
You guys sure are milking this Everest topic lately. Anyway, Shabbat Shalom all good peoples.
well met and good day to you
First
What is the use of climbing there. Rather drink coffee and enjoy a rainy weather
While you sit in your kitchen, others are out exploring the world.
I thought they wore masks because of smell of human poop all over the mountain.
That looks like so much fun.........NOT!
$50000 worth of equipment and $1 million worth of will power.
Nothing but a bunch of rich people who wanna put a notch in their belt destroying a once beautiful environment. Tons and tons of trash, dead bodies everywhere, it’s disgraceful this is allowed to continue.
did YOU climb that mountain, or did your gear climb it for you...
Many historical mountain summits required teams of people. In fact, I recall hardly any where it was a solo climber who made it to the top entirely by their own effort.
@@RefreshingShamrock andrzej bargiel solo climbed K2, without oxygen and skied down like it was nothing
علي موحان💟❣💟❣❣💟❣💟❣💟😘💟😘😘💟😘💟😘💟😘💟😘💟😘💟😘💟😘😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤😘❤❤
I just want to mention, that many prices are here exaggerated. For example harness+secure equipment cost at most 100 bucks and never 280$. Also many parts of your equipment you can easily buy used in a almost new condition, like crampons and ice axes.
If you have to by at a garage sales you probably shouldn't even think about climbing Everest.
I dont think I'd want to buy discount safety equipment. Thats just me
@@jgood9810 Crampons and Ice axe are not safety equip. And harness+secure equip cost at most 100 bucks from retailer.
@@toxxatoxxt9490 Lol prices here are not exaggerated. They use reputable brands, and even reputable brands have harnesses and "secure equipment" that starts from entry-level cost to more advanced. Nobody climbing Everest, including the Sherpas are using unknown entry-level brands. Source: I went to base camp back in '16.
@@toxxatoxxt9490 I'm sure in Kathmandu there are many choices for "used once" items, but typically these items will be sold as a premium because of demand. By the way I think any jackass could see that both of these items ARE in fact safety items in climbing Everest. I mean you're not hiking the Appalachian trail. Thanks for your comment though even if it was dumb
Companies like north face, Patagonia, Columbia, and arc teryx should send sherpas gear for free, or give sherpas access to state of the art gear super discounted
These companies have no problem sponsoring “pro” climbers when these guys get the pro climbers up
Who is so stupid and spent 280 bucks for harness+secure equipment? Petzl corax 50$, Petzl ascension (jumar) 30$, some carabiners and cords from ocun are 30$ at most. So just 110$.
They cheaped out on Owen Hart's carabineer. Why not ask Google what happened to him (it was in front of a sold out arena, not on a mountain)?
You know the prices in Nepal,
The sherpas has ruined the Everest full of plastics waste
If they were little bit seriously about there waste which is not so heavy which the climber and Sherpa can easily carry there waste the would have been clean
More like the tourists. You think the Sherpa’s want their home covered in trash?
watching this over-dramatized shit as an alpine climber is so frustrating lol. The only real dangers are the environmental ones, stfu abt "not having a headlamp will kill you".
Question: what happens if one is unable to see those environmental hazards?
Have you ever tried navigating the Khumbu icefall at 3am in total darkness? A headlamp is vital safety equipment.
Most climbers lost on our local mountains fail to bring a light source & stay out too late enjoying the summit sunset - believe it or not, it gets dark without sunlight & it's even darker in the sub-alpine forest.
Do you consider alpine climbing to be the stairs to your second floor?
Didn't like your piece.
How about cleaning up the mountain and the different camps. If you can carry it up you should be able to carry it down. It’s disgusting and irresponsible