Virus DNA in human genome (evolution by infection)
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ส.ค. 2024
- If it wasn't for virus DNA in human genome, humans would NOT exist. The evolution of the mammalian placenta has happened because of endogenous retroviruses. The viruses in human genome have come from infections millions of years ago that have stayed around in our DNA.
The human endogenous retroviruses are on longer functional viruses capable of infecting. Instead, what's left in the human genome are parts of these viruses, specific important genes. These are the critical genes for placental evolution. Placental mammals have adopted these genes in a wonderful way, and turned a tool used by viruses to infect cells into a tool for creating the placenta.
The evolution of the mammalian placenta is not a rare, one time event. Instead, the evolution of the mammalian placenta has occurred over and over. What's even more astounding is that the placenta has evolved in non-mammalian species as well.
We humans need retrovirus genes for our development. We descend from viruses.
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Twitter: / everycellauni
Resources
The original article finding the viral origins of human syncytins
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
A review article on the placentation and captured env-genes
doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.20...
OPEN - Another thorough review of placentation and retroviruses
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
OPEN - A concise review of retroviruses and the evolution of the placenta
www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109...
OPEN - A general review of retroviruses
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
A general review on endogenous retroviruses, retroviruses that are part of our genome
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
OPEN - Description of the membrane protein recognized by env
www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105...
Description of the workings of the placenta
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
An article describing a hyena env-gene. Also fresh source for the timeline of syncytin captures. Here Heidmann and colleagues also talk about their model for placental formation.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3...
OPEN - Finding of Syncytin-Car1, a syncytin functional in the whole Carnivora order
www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109...
OPEN - Blocking mice syncytin disrupts the formation of their placenta
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
OPEN - Description of the envV syncytin.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
OPEN - The Mabuya syncytin
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
--
Credits
Graph of the family tree of mammals and times of Syncytin domestication based on a graph from this hyena env article: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3...
3D-model of Syncytin 2 adopted from
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
Cell video - Toshiyuki Hatano, Greenfield Sluder (2011) CIL:34849, Homo sapiens, retinal pigment epithelium. CIL. Dataset. doi.org/doi:10.7295/W9CIL34849
Chromosomes adopted from an image by National Human Genome Research Institute
HIV- virion - CDC/ Maureen Metcalfe, Tom Hodge
HIV close up image - CDC/ A. Harrison; Dr. P. Feorino
HIV -budding-out - CDC
Tab V, fetus with umbilical cord and placenta - Wellcome Collection. Creative Commons Attribution [CC BY 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)] wellcomecollection.org/works/...
human embryo - Ed Uthman - [CC BY 2.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/...
)] www.flickr.com/photos/euthman...
Staphylococcus - NIAID - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)] upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...
Eosinophils in Peripheral Blood Smear - Ed Uthman - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)] www.flickr.com/photos/euthman...
Lizards:
Mabuya - Izalete Tavares - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0(creativecommons.org/licenses/...)]
flic.kr/p/pjjBQU
Long-tailed_Skink_(Mabuya_longicaudata)_長尾南蜥2 - Thomas Brown [CC BY 2.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)]
Mabuya mabouya - Mark Stevens - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)] www.flickr.com/photos/4667953...
Bronze_Grass_Skink_(Mabuya_macularia)_W_IMG_2753 - J.M.Garg - J.M.Garg [CC BY 3.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)]
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...
File:Bronze Grass Skink (Mabuya macularia) W IMG 9977 - J.M.Garg - J.M.Garg [CC BY 3.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)]
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi... - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
![บุษบา - วงชานเมือง [LiveCoverVertion] Original : เมนทอล](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Dm81sKcd9rs/mqdefault.jpg)
I'm normally bothered by channels that advertise themselves on popular videos but when I saw your comment on the vaccination video that Kursgesagt made, you changed my mind. You provided relevant info to the video in a really interesting way. Keep this channel going man, I know you'll be big one day!
Thanks! Glad you like the channel!
Exactly how I got here, this channel is so underrated it is a crime!
@Hendrix Demetrius wtf
Underrated channel right here bois
Thank you!
lmao did you animate this? I was expecting the view count to be half of that of a kurzgesagt video when I saw it, and its 157.
Yup, almost all of it anyways. I use a graphic designer for the drawings and have a guy help me animate some of the most laborius parts. There's still some room for growth with the channel 😅
Came from the Kurgesagt video, i dont usually come from self promotion but the comment was pretty intersting and i love this kind of stuff. Keep it up man.
Thank you and welcome!
@@EveryCellAUniverse you have a great channel. I want to pursue biotechnology and your channel is a great source for knowledge.
@@skumar4444 Thanks, it's a fascinating field! Feel at home on the channel
I came from your Verge comment. This is fascinating! Thank you for the great comment on that video to pique my curiosity!
Thanks for coming over!
This was an incredibly interesting and well documented story. I'm a med student and before this video I had never realised how strange syncytia were, it all makes sense now of course. Also, never expected such a quality content from such a small channel, keep up the good work, you're gonna blow up any time soon!
They sure are weird! And thank you!
WOW. What a specific and clear explanation! I’m a science teacher, prepping a lesson on ERVs for 10-year-olds later today - THANK YOU for this!
Wow this is mad! Thanks for putting this together. Love the production quality and the interesting stories. You're gonna blow up anytime soon I'm sure.
It's a pretty crazy topic! Thanks a lot for the kind words!
I found this channel by chance, but I'm glad I did. Great editing, and your explanation is very detailed yet easy to understand. Keep it up!
that's some fantastic production value for this amount of views. great video dude, I hope you will make some more.
Thank you very much, more videos are coming!
Yo doesn’t this mean we can alter our own DNA by specifically engineering retro viruses to embed genes from different animals into our DNA and basically add on characteristics sorta like what happened to Deadpool
Great YT find! Thanks for the amazing information!
Saw your channel on Kursgesagt.
Amazing stuff! Subscribed!
Keep it up! :)
Thanks! :)
This stuff is wild!!! Nice video, keep it up!
Came from your Kurgesagt video, don’t normally like people who self promote, but you added an interesting comment first which actually related to your channel
Thanks! It's a fine line when self promoting. I feel that if I can bring more to the conversation and leave the self promoting to smaller part, it can work for all.
Holy shit! Fantastic video! How do you not have more subs? Came here from Verge comment. Really fascinating topic.
Thank you! Still working on those subs :D
omg make more videos
this is so good-- really, really great quality
That was an excellent video!!!
Fantastic channel, you deserve much more subscribers. Hope to see your channel grow!
Thank you very much! :)
Man, I saw your comment on the Life Noggin's video on 'Can a Virus Get A Virus?' I was like eh, worth a shot and checked your channel and oh my god it was a good decision to click on your channel. I have subscribed and also if your blue eyes are real and not contact lens, they look badass.
Same
@@dombarr2037 Nice ig.
Great video, you deserve a lot more subscribers
Thank you!!
*_YOU, MAN, REALLY MERIT MILLIONS OF SUBSCRIBERS. HAVE 1 I CAN GIVE YOU!!_* _Thanks for the vid_ :)
Thank you so much :)
Great video, man.
Your "ad-comment" on Kurzgesagt's Complement System video not only made me click, but is the only of its kind that ever made me subscribe to someone. Kudos to you, this is wonderful content.
Same here I just got finished watching kursgesagt and I saw the comment and It turns out this is pretty good i subbed
Me too! I'm now binge-watching his videos and dropping a comment and like on each one to try help him out!
Every Cell A Universe, keep up the early ad comments on Kurzgesagt videos. Some people mightn't like it, but your channel deserves the attention because this is incredibly high quality stuff you're making :)
Great quality for your sub counter. Great job!
Thank you!
Impressive quality as usual, and on a super interesting topic! It is quite odd that a single gene is so key to the development of an entire new organ
Thank you! It is, but then again the gene has such a specific role probably unseen in our cells previously. Adopting it has caused a major developmental opportunity.
Isn't it pronounced /sinsitin/?
On the other hand, great videos man! I'm waiting for your channel to blow up
It very well could be. Didn't realise to check the pronunciation before posting. And thanks for the positivity!
/sinsitin/ is not a better pronunciation than the one used in this video. It is admittedly true that \ sin-'sĭ--tin\ or \sin-'sī-tin\ would most likely be standard scientific English spoken in typical classrooms, but that doesn't make it good. Although syncytin is not currently in the Webster's Dictionary app, you can compare it to another biological term that IS in Webster's Dictionary, syncytium. Syncytium has the same etymology and is pronounced \sin-'sĭ-sh(ē)əm\ in Webster's, /sɪnˈsɪtɪəm/ in the Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed., or sin-'sish-uhm, -ee-uhm at dictionary.com, all three MISpronouncing it, instead of using a more proper, authentic \sin-'ki-tē-um. These typical English pronunciations are overrated and poor, ignoring the etymology, the meanings of the words' parts, the language of derivation, and the original difference between s and c.
English is notorious for being both inconsistent AND for ignoring etymologies and pronunciations of words that are derivative of non-English languages. "Syncytin" is a Romanization, a Latin spelling, of a Greek derivative:
--- Syn - Latin spelling of Greek συν / syn - together, together with.
--- Cyte - Latin spelling of Greek κυτος / kytos - hollow; vessel [bio. = cell].
The scientific word for cell, cyte, is from Greek κυτος / kytos - hollow vessel. The word is spelled with a κ / kappa in Greek, which had a hard c sound, ΝΟΤ a soft c sound, but modern English speakers tend to ignore this and pronounce it like "sīte" (or sĭt, when part of a compound word). The Classical Latin letter c had a hard c sound, like a Greek kappa.
Speakers of late Latin and British English both frequently ignored both the Latin hard c and the traditional hard c Latinization of Greek words with a kappa. Those guys had a bad, lazy habit, tending to soften the c quite often in their pronunciation. It was not a good idea, either linguistically or logically, but mere carelessness, and it was not done with perfect consistency either. Further, just because THEY made that mistake does not mean we should do so, or that we are bound to copy their bad decisions in perpetuity! ...
All this is to say that the pronunciation in this video is just fine, just as good as /sinsitin/, if not better for preserving the Greek k and more traditional Latin hard c sound. Be bold, well-educated, and dare to preserve a better pronunciation of those Greek roots now and then, whenever you feel like it. Don't give in to corrective advice just because "everybody else is doing it" and making lazy linguistic decisions! Or ... be magnanimous and allow for both ways of handling the Anglicized Latinized c's replacing Greek kappas. Cheers, mates.
@@EveryCellAUniverse : Your pronunciation is fine, better than the suggestion being made, but either way should be acceptable to anyone with thorough knowledge of these matters. See my comment in response to Sebastián Linares for a linguistic explanation. Either way, carry on with your excellent work.
Waiting for this channel to blow up
Thanks Colin!
I really enjoyed this video. You have helped to refresh my love of science 🧬. Thank you.
Amazing video
Thank you!!
Wow, this is amazing! Love your content man!
Thanks! Means a lot!
I remember learning about a gene that early humans used to have that served to protect us from viral infections but eventually stopped being expressed or something like that. Do you know what I'm talking about? I would like to learn more about that.
Great video by the way. New subscriber right here.
bravo.
keep the effort
Amazing!!
EXCELENT!!
Please add english caption in your future videos, I love your content! I found my way here from your comment on Verge. Awesome vid anyway keep it up!!!
Thanks for the feedback! I checked the automatic english captions for this video before publishing and they had gotten all the spelling correct. Do they work well enough for you? Is there an advantage to adding manual captions as well?
Manually adding caption gives us clear understanding and context in the vid specially us non fluent in english and with complicated word and term in vid as well. But overall it work well and its understandable. Anyway, Sorry for my bad english. 😂😂
@@kierrboy8613 No problem, you're very understandable :) I'll check how the automatic captions align inside the video. Thanks again for the feedback!
Thank you for your work, for sharing your knowledge with the world!
I came from your comment on kurzgesagt. And now you have a subscriber.♥️ Loved your work. All the very best bud
Thank you very much, I'll do my best!
You should try being a but less stiff and speak more naturally. Otherwise, this was an awesome video
Thanks for the feedback!
Amazing content, awesome video quality. Keep the work up. Also left a sub
Thank you!
@@EveryCellAUniverse How does it come that you decided to make videos about microbiology. In how far are you associated with that type of science?
@@isaacmensah2013 I've studied biotechnology
@@EveryCellAUniverse I'm very curious but where do you work and why did you decide to study biotechnology and what are your toughest challenges while studying or working?
@@isaacmensah2013 I've worked in a lab here in Finland. I was curious about the field, applied to study and fell in love with the microscopic world. I've had lots of challenges working in a lab and working on these videos, too many to count. But genuine excitement in the field can take you through all sorts of challenges
amazing video, subbed
Thanks!
Every Cell A Universe For 1k subscribers, you make extremely good videos.
@@TheJnblackwell2007 Thanks! Maybe good things need to grow slow
Thank you for the video. Is there any update?
I found you from your comment and I thought it was brilliant
Thank you very much!
I love this! I was researching mammalian evolution and wondered how exactly something as radically different to the usual body plan of terrestrial animals as a placenta evolved! Thank you!
No problem! Glad you found the video helpful
@@EveryCellAUniverse By the way, would you be open to allowing people to submit closed captions? I have a few hearing impaired friends and Deaf friends and would love to help make your awesome videos more accessible :D
@@Abigail-hu5wf I'm absolutely open to that! I have tried to set up the videos so that adding captions is possible. Are you able to it? :)
@@EveryCellAUniverse Yes! I'll get started on Sunday, as I'm currently quite insanely busy but I have some free time coming up next week! Thank you ^.^
@@Abigail-hu5wf Thank you! :)
Nice
7:50 I hope this guy's model is called the Thierry Theory! XD
Haha, that would be good! :D
Great video, only complaint is your pronunciation of syncytin. Keep up the good work
Thanks for the feedback and thank you!
Pigy, just for light-hearted fun, I would like to propose to you that the pronunciation for syncytin used in this video is just fine, if not better than what some might suggest. It is admittedly true that \sin-'sī-tin\ or \ sin-'sĭ--tin\ are more typical of the scientific English spoken in average classrooms, but that does not make those pronunciations necessarily good or thoughtful or the only "right" way to speak. Although syncytin is not currently in the Webster's Dictionary app, we can compare it to another biological term that IS in readily accessible, free dictionaries: syncytium. Syncytium has the same etymology and is pronounced \sin-'sĭ-sh(ē)əm\ in Webster's, /sɪnˈsɪtɪəm/ in the Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed., or sin-'sish-uhm, -ee-uhm at dictionary.com, all three poorly pronouncing it, instead of using a more proper, authentic \sin-'ki-tē-um. These typical English pronunciations are overrated and lazy, ignoring the etymology, the meanings of the words' parts, the language of derivation, and the original linguistic difference between s and c.
Due perhaps to some unfortunate mental virus, jk, English is notorious for being both inconsistent AND for ignoring etymologies and pronunciations of words that are derivative of non-English languages. "Syncytin" is a Romanization, a Latin spelling, of a Greek derivative:
--- Syn - Latin spelling of Greek συν / syn - together, together with.
--- Cyte - Latin spelling of Greek κυτος / kytos - hollow; vessel [bio. = cell].
The scientific word for cell, cyte, is from Greek κυτος / kytos - hollow vessel. The word is spelled with a κ / kappa in Greek, which had a hard c sound, ΝΟΤ a soft c sound, but modern English speakers tend to ignore this and pronounce it like "sīte" (or sĭt, when part of a compound word). The Classical Latin letter c had a hard c sound, like a Greek kappa.
Speakers of late Latin and British English alike frequently ignored both the classical Latin hard c and the traditional hard c Latinization of Greek words with a kappa. Those guys had a lazy habit, tending to soften the c quite often in their pronunciation. It was not a good idea, either linguistically or logically, but mere carelessness, and it was not done with perfect consistency either. Further, just because THEY made that mistake does not mean we should do so, or that we are bound to copy their poor decisions in perpetuity, on penalty of being labeled "divergent" for taking a more authentic path! ...
All this is to say that the pronunciation in this video is just fine, just as good as /sin-'sī-tin/, if not arguably better for preserving the Greek k and more traditional Latin hard c sound. Be bold, well-educated, and dare to preserve a better pronunciation of those Greek roots now and then, whenever you feel like it. Don't feel compelled to give in to corrective advice just because "everybody else is doing it" and making lazy linguistic decisions! Or build a big tent, be magnanimous, and allow for both ways of handling the Anglicized Latinized c's replacing Greek kappas. Cheers, mates.
Just learned of this. Mind-blowing.
Loved watching this involving lecture. However, my question is: How does any viral or pathogenic DNA integrates in our genome?
I always knew something was wrong with me. I'm one step closer now to understanding myself. Thank you.
@ωγυγος Αρχων part virus.
awesome
Will now I feel sorry for viruses
I think they'll be fine
hey folks,if i had a vaccine ,or better is there a immuneanswer against the retrovirus,then no more syntitin is made? is this possible? thanks
Very nice video thank you. Makes me wonder how virus are shaping our evolution now. I have so many questions now about this.
Most viral DNA has no effect on the organism.
A more recent hypothesis I've heard, is that viruses may actually have contributed to the development of the eukaryotic cell by providing the ability to produce chromatins, paving the way for the formation of DNA into chromosomes, instead of plasmids.
Yeah it’s horseshit.
No wonder I'm so toxic. I'm full of viruses
We're all toxic, maybe that tells something about humanity
@@EveryCellAUniverse VaCcInEs KiLl BaBiEs AnD tRuMp Is A nAzI!
damn, it looks like this proves that viruses could be used as gene editors just as how mother nature intended
What all this now mean in regards to the spike from the r n a running around right now?
Pretty cool video, thanks! The only thing I don't get is: At some point, did those virus DNA compete with us for resources like aminoacids? Wouldn't that be disadvantageous, evolutionary speaking?
Mi. A. Terápia az adenoma vir ellen?
Is Syncytin found in non-placenta mammals? You mentioned it is found in all mammals studied. Just clarifying.
To my knowledge syncytins have not been searched for for example in the platypus, a non-placental mammal. It would be very interesting to search for them there though! I meant that in each mammalian order studied, a syncytin has been found. And often these differ from the syncytins in other orders.
Does the Platypus have this syncytin gene?
I don't think so
There is a whole book on this... "the tangled tree" by David Quammen. It was summarized beautifully in radiolabs episode "infective heredity"
Gonna be honest with you, I'm not gonna watch the video but I am sure you are putting a lot of effort into this, so like, sub, and when I will be bored hopefuly I will remember your channel ^^
Thanks! And thanks for the hones answer :)
@@EveryCellAUniverse How do we know the age of ERVs , is it absolute dating, how is it possible to date them,
Also are most ERVs non functional (dead vestigal genes) or are there cases where they can be reactivated and cause infections.?
What if we are at the point where humans slit into different types due to the virus pandemic?
vaxxers and antivaxxers.
haha
holy shit this was good
Just when you think you know everything something like this pops up..I’m hoping covid gives me super powers..
how much time a virus takes to evolve?
It depends, random mutations are quick events but to see real changes in for example symptoms or new host it requires couple of mutations. It's really hard to tell, depends on a virus and chance.
People look for God in the sky, but fail to consider looking down at him in a microscope.
Do moths or butterfly have DNA?
yes,
everything alive has dna
This is basically how GMO plants are made most of the time.
Not even gonna cap im only here for a lab assignment
In the future scientists discover viral fossil corona
Mutation are we own evolution?
Hey i have to ask isnt there some debate about this? I mean it would be pretty hard for an organism to all of a sudden take in a foreign dna and then just use it and change human biology after that. Some of the great apes dont even have all the ervs that the others have. So for half to have them and the other half to not have them shows it cant be from a common ancestor and infection. That kind of busts the whole these are ervs. Dont get me wrong this is a well done video but the information is old.
*Some of the great apes dont even have all the ervs that the others have.*
Which ones?
*So for half to have them and the other half to not have them shows it cant be from a common ancestor and infection.*
Can you show from where you got that data?
@@tgstudio85 I recommend you look it up yourself. As like most claims it's the only way you'll see for sure im telling you the truth
@@tgstudio85 there is 10 I think different ervs that some of them are found in chimps guerrillas and gibbons but not in humans Orangutans and Rhesus monkeys. There is several on the chimp guerrillas gibbon side that humans Orangutans and Rhesus monkeys don't have. There is also 3 or 4 that's humans Orangutans and Rhesus monkeys have that the chimps guerrillas and gibbons don't have. So yeah that and micro rna maps don't match up between humans and chimps. Which it should if there were common ancestry.
We had chickens. I have watched empathetically chickens pop their eggs out and they can have problems despite the eggs shell being soft and more playable until it;s exposed to the air. However, I've also given birth more than once and am aware of the history of birth and it is a dangerous process. And exactly how painful and long a process it can be. The old saying that tells women they won;t remember the pain is due to a period of time where women were actually administered a drug that caused just enough amnesia for them to forget how actually horrendous that pain can be. I think men feared that memory would deter women from doing it again. Frankly not an unreasonable fear, but a selfish one. All sorts of idiotic, risky and painful things have been done to women in child birth by for the most part, men. Midwives in ancient times were women who had themselves survived birth and understood the issues and how a baby needs to be positioned to the advantage of both mother to be and the fetus. Both maternal, fetal and new born mortality has been extremely high over the centuries. Human babies also require a great deal of close prolonged maternal care. Far more so than most other animals. You would think there would be more concern over the birth mothers survival and health among the males of our species. Instead, they tend to behave more like a Viruses just out to duplicate themselves with whatever living cell suites them. I think I would prefer to lay my eggs, care for them and just have less risk. A good beautifully feathered male who would sit on our the eggs while I got out for a bit...taking turns with me keeping them properly warmed, turning them gently occasionally caringly watching over them would have been really, really nice! Then moving on to taking turns in running back and forth feeding them as well... how lovely is that! It's awesome!!! Of course we would have survived popping eggs vs having a placenta...which you narrator, do not have to deal with....different but still here. Fascinating are two precedents...the Duck Billed Platypus and the Echidna. Men would be smart to treat women a lot better.
Don't know if you ever saw that Disney box office flop 10 years ago, titled "John Carter". It was based on the first book of Edgar Rice Burrows' series of books set on Mars, which the natives called Barsoom. The indigenous people there were living your dream, being oviparous (egg-laying).
🤔
Polnareff was right.
Redo with another narrator. Sounds like a humanized computer "voice" with a slight Asian accent. Personally as a narrator it's irritating and not facilitate easily following the natrative. Visual presentation is very good.
No way. The narration is well-done, in excellent English, and it does not sound even a little bit "Asian." Nor does it sound like a "humanized computer voice." Where are you from, Hunter?
And you know where that evolution virus came from? 👽
Well, theories are like assholes - everyone has one. Not so?? Yes, good question: where did the virus come from?? Somehow it must have been "created"?? I cannot believe so many people actually believe in evolution. "Our Egg laying Ancestors??" - "Descendants of earlier primates?" = "Retro-viruses shaped evolution and shaped our existence?" = We are descendants of retro-viruses? ---- BWhahahahahahaha!!!!! Being created by Almighty God is a lot more believable than all this evolutionary balony. There is more proof - scientific and historical - of creation rather than evolution. Evolution is mainly guesswork and presumption and not scientific. Check this out this series - th-cam.com/video/ReARxDNHarI/w-d-xo.html -------------- one part of the series :-- th-cam.com/video/6uw777dfC5U/w-d-xo.html
@@jamiemcnamee1492 umm... we are talking about billions and billions of years of viral and parasitic changes dude. Chance and lick and situational changes due to environmental and chemical changes due to metabolism and compatibility. The only thing that can’t be explained thru science is conscious thought. Which in my own theory is just a complexed and evolved version of biochemical and electrochemical attraction.
3:22pm wdnzdi'26/10thmnth october/2022 219 loyola 70112
Which biotechnology techniques can be used to prove that COVID-19 vaccine cannot alter human dna?
🦠🪢🦠🪢🦠
Magyarul
Impressive quality as usual, and on a super interesting topic! It is quite odd that a single gene is so key to the development of an entire new organ