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EGYPT/PALESTINE - Sidney Smith - this guy was Napoleon's "greatest foe" - Lindybeige has a long rambling youtube piece on the guy - worth a watch but I doubt reactable to. (Not sure that is a real word!) Smith prevented Napoleon from emulating Alexander the Great
From Wikipedia: "Dragoons originally were a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat with swords and firearms from horseback."
Dragoons were medium-armed cavalry. Hussars/Cossacks are light cavalry, fast agile, but not really armored. Cuirassiers are heavy cavalry. Big everything. Not agile obviously. Dragoons are the middle ground. ... In the American Revolution, you had Light Dragoons serving for the continental army. SO not quite Cossacks/Hussars but also not quite Dragoons but close enough. These guys came from Virginia and the Carolinas, where they had the best horses probably.
A bit off-topic but all this talk made me wonder about the Polish-winged Hussars. Cause something felt off about it. It turns out they started out as Hussars but in the 16th century, they became modified into the heavy-cavalry force most people think of them as. SO they were actually more comparable to the Cuirassiers. Winged CUirassiers lol
The name Dragoon initially comes from the name of the gun they used, the Dragon Musket, but would become a catch-all term for this type of mounted infrantry, in the same way Fusiliers were soldiers equipped with the Fusil musket.
Concerning Poniatowski’s memorial, there are several factors, why he is portraide like this. One, is that this monument was ordered by Poles within famous Danish sculptor Thorvaldsen still in 20’s od XIX century, when classical art and style was in fashion and it was absolutely common, to portray heroes in „antique” clothes and poses. Second, Thorvaldsen decided to „copy” sculpture of roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, who was considered epithomy of „father of the nation”. Poniatowski already during his life was known as „father of his soldiers” on even higher level than Napoleon, who was outstanding and inspirational leader, creating fanatical loyalty of rank and file, but Poniatowski was more „fatherly”, more „warm” towards common soldier, despite being a prince. And in his legend he also became in some way „father of nation” during napoleonic period - thus the choice of inspiration. But because he was more soldier, Thorvaldsen gave Poniatowski a sword in hand, while Marcus Aurelius was just greeting his citizens with his hand. But interesting to note - Poles were not very happy with final version of the sculpture, as they hoped/expected to see Poniatowski in more heroic pose, on one of his famous horses, in uniform of polish general in chief, such as he was remebered by his veterans. There were even accusations (with degree of being correct) that Thorvaldsen went easy way, having a lot of orders, and just didn’t put enough attention to this monument. Monument itself also has long and pretty tragic story, paralell to history of Poland in XIX century, being made just before November Uprising in 1830, for many years being held in Russia next to palace of one of Russian military commanders, brought back after regaining independence by Poland and destroyed by Germans during the 2nd world war... What You see todsy in Warsaw is copy, given by Danish Nation to Poland in 60’s if im correct. Even than, it was initially placed in quite hidden place in one of public gardens in Warsaw and only later moved to the square in front of present Presidential Palace in main part of Warsaw. Movement of the monument was btw occasion for huge patriotic demonstration, not too welcomed by communist gouvernment of the time. Anyway - in Poland Poniatowski, alhough a bit forgotten as whole napoleonic era, for those being „in history” is one of absolute symbolic national heroes, braveest soldier (dashing cavalryman!), true patriot, politician, but also somebody with incredible fantasy, flare... by most of contemporary women considered „the most beautiful man of the age” 😉
That was a good catch on her part. I didn't realize it until I looked at it for a bit. And, I'm half Polish. With that Polish half having Prussian in there also. Clearly Gladius sword and Roman armor, with the double-headed eagle on it. AND NO PANTS! Actually, the Polish double-headed eagle is something I need to look into. What exactly are the roots that led to that. lol.
@@MarkVrem well, there is no double-headed eagle, none on Poniatowski’s armour or in heraldry of Poland as state. What You see on the monument is Roman eagle, eventually one may argue that is French imperial eagle, which was extremely closely modelled after roman one. And yeah, You’d be surprised how much annoyance that lack of pants caused after reveal of the monument 😄 Some people with more... humor noted, that because Poniatowski is portrayed in „bedsheet and underware” there is doubt, for which deeds he got the monument - drowning in Elster river or riding naked (!) through Warsaw because of bet, somewhere on the break of centuries, when he was not yet such a figure, consider rather solely a womanizer and fun-loving aristocrat. Btw. this makes him even more „human” for a hero and adds interesting layer to his history and personality, how extreme change did he go through.
Josef Poniatowski uncle was the last king of Poland-Lithuania, Staniław II Augustus. He tried to pass reforms to help save the Commonwealth but he was met with internal and external opposition. Today he’s controversial in Poland because he failed to resolutely stand against and prevent the partition of Poland. But he was remembered as a great patron of the Arts and Sciences. It led to the creation of the Commission of National Education. He was also the former lover of Catherine the Great
There were two English kings and ten French kings named Charles. Among the latter, Charles I (aka Charlemagne), Charles V the Wise (who won the second part of the Hundred Years' War) and Charles VII the Victorious (who won the third and last part of the Hundred Years' War). In the video, he's talking of Charles X, king of France from 1824 to 1830.
Right, Spain had Charles also... Austria and the HRE had Charles also. But then I"m always like what is really Charles, and what is actually a Carlo or something, translated into Charles. lol
21:54 the seven years war, or french-indian war for many americans, is indeed a very interesting and important subject, since it is sometimes called the "first global war" or "first world war" (there are more wars that sometimes claim that title, thou the case for the seven years war is pretty good).
Different sources vary as to what they consider a world war. According to my 9th grade history textbook, there have been no fewer than seven world wars, starting with the War of Spanish Succession.
With regards to the quote about Jourdan: "use him ill" is a way of saying Napoleon treated Jourdan badly or didn't give him the credit or reward he deserved. When we say today that something left us feeling 'sick' or 'ill' is probably an evolution of that.
About the Balloons: they were a common thing into WW1, and shooting them down wasn't as easy or dangerous as it sounds. Even the hydrogen filled Zeppelin "balloons" needed incindiary rounds to really wreck them.
I'm glad to see Scarlet helping you with adding a bit of realism with her sound effects. As they all had new boots the leather made a squeaking sound, ass did their bottoms when they got nervous.
The King Charles of the video is King Charles X, King of France from 1824 to 1830. His reign occured after the one of his big Bro, Louis XVIII, who took power in 1815 after Napoleon's downfall. France had 10 kings named Charles, the first being the most famous, Charlemagne. The Invalides, the military hospital, was not built by Napoleon but by Louis XIV
Charlemagne is Charles the great for those who don't know his French name 😉 Karl der große für die deutschen. But he wasn't really king of France, he had France + northern Italy, Germany, Switzerland and the rest Belgium, Netherlands....
@@Manu-rb6eo Charlemagne is part of the list of French monarchs as Charles the 1st. He was not King of France strictly speaking but he was King of the Franks and forefather/predecessor of the French kings. He is part of the carolingian dynasty, 2nd dynasty of the house of France, after the Merovingians and before the Capetians
I think you meant that Charles X was Louis XVIII's "little bro", because Louis was the older one - which is why he became king first. (At least, I don't think you were referring to physical size, because in that case Louis may well have been shorter than Charles.) And, of course, they were both little brothers to Louis XVI, who was king before the Revolution and was beheaded.
The Royal Hospital Chelsea is a retirement home and nursing home for some 300 veterans of the British Army. Founded as an almshouse, the ancient sense of the word "hospital", it is a 66-acre site located on Royal Hospital Road in Chelse.it opened in 1692.
Yup always cool to note that hospitals existed for far longer than modern medicine. It was really for low-class travelers or anyone that might be sick. Usually, you'd bunk at the home of someone of your same class as you travel. Filling them in on rumors and stories. But not everyone was that accepted back then. Being sick obviously was an issue, with plagues, etc. SO they created Hospitals. Churches were the other alternative.
@@PeterDay81 Right,and if I'm not mistaken, these also became the first banks open to the public. Where instead of transporting money with you, you could get a piece of paper. Saying you deposited this much money at this "Hospital". Pick it up at another far away.
Charles isn't an english name, it's a french name, the french version of Karl. The spanish version is Carlos. In the french monarchy, the first one, Charles I, was the famous Charlemagne (768-814), his name mean Charles the Great. Charles is the second most used name in the french monarchy, after Louis.
Napoleon's first Battle was the Siege of Toulon in 1793 (during the revolutionary wars), when he was the commander of the artillery. Because of his contribution to the battle, he was promoted to Brigadier General and put in charge of a french army - his task being the revolutionary liberation of Northern Italy (1796-1797). He won several battles against Piedmont-Sardinia and Austria (Bassano, Arcole, Rivoli) and even reached the austrian town of Leoben. The following peace treaty effectively saved the French Republic and gave France control of almost all territories west of the river Rhine. After this successful campaign, he had become a very popular general and was put in charge of a large army (1798-1799). He wanted to conquer Egypt from the Ottomans, which threatened British colonial interests. He won several battles (Battle of the Pyramids, Jaffa, Mount Tabor), but wasn't able to take the city of Acre. Also, the french fleet had been severly defeated by the Royal Navy under the command of Admiral Horatio Nelson, so the french expedition was cut off from France. In the end, Napoleon left his men behind and fled back to France (sounds familiar?). After he was back in Paris in 1799, Napoleon (still a famous general) staged a coup d'etat against the republican government. He became "First Consul of the Republic" (in reality, he was some kind of military dictator). He went to Italy for a second time, fighting against the Austrians in the War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802). After he had won the decisive Battle of Marengo (in Northern Italy), the war was over. Two years later, he crowned himself as Emperor of the French and prepared for an invasion of Great Britain in 1806 - which never happened, because Admiral Nelson defeated the french and spanish navy again at Trafalgar and Napoleon went off to the east to fight the Austrians and Russians at Ulm and Austerlitz.
The Kings mentioned in the video are the monarchs from old royal House of Bourbon. The pre-revolutionary monarchy was restored in 1814. - Louis XVIII., ruled 1814-1815 and 1815-1824 (brother of the beheaded Louis XVI., had to flee when Napoleon returned from Elba, but regained his throne after the Battle of Waterloo) - Charles X., ruled 1824-1830 (brother of Louis XVIII., was overthrown during the revolution of 1830) - Louis Philippe, ruled 1830-1848 (member of the House of Orléans, a junior branch of the House of Bourbon; became a more liberal and constitutional king, was overthrown during the revolution of 1848 - yes, the french had MANY revolutions...) Here is a very useful overview, including all french revolutions: th-cam.com/video/_S31SY-Wqd0/w-d-xo.html
31:30 Louis 18 was the brother of Louis 16 (the one who was beheaded by the revolutionaries). Louis 18 was brought to power after the first fall of Napoleon in 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, a huge meeting where the monarchies which had defeated Napoleon gathered after his downfall to reestablish the old order. After Napoleon was defeated and exiled for good in 1815 Louis 18 was brought back to power a second time by the Congress of Vienna. Being already old, fat, and sick when he acceded to the throne, Louis 18 ended up dying after 9 years of reign. He was succeeded by his brother Charles 10 (so also a brother of Louis 16), who was forced to abdicate and go into exile after only 5 years of reign because of the second French revolution.
The "hotel des Invalides" was built by order of the king Louis XIVth.... in the 17th C. long time (more than a century) before the revolution and Napoleon.
25:24 A Dragoon is basically a mounted man armed with a carbine who could deploy quickly, dismount, and fire their weapons and stay or mount again and deploy elsewhere as needed.
Dragoons are a special sort of cavalry. They can be used as a "mobile infantry" because they have a "carbine muskets" (short firearms). They can charge the enemy with their swords/sabres but as I said they can be also used as a vanguard. That means that they will dismount infront of enemy lines and they can fight as skirmishers to harass the enemy a delay their attack. Then they will jump back on their horses and disappear.
For people who don't know what it is "13 vendémiaire".....it's a new calender made by the revolutionnaires (no longer used), they refused the "normal" calender because it is a religious one. So vendemiaire and brumaire are both months from this new calender.
The restored King Louis 18th was the brother of the King Louis 16th who was executed during the revolution. Also just wait till you hear about marshal Oudinot, he was totally amazing
You raised a couple of questions. Less invalides was not the first military hospital. Charles II of England established one at Chelsea in London. His reign was 1660-85. The Chelsea pensioners still reside there to this day. Honoured retired servicemen, noted for their red coats. Balloons. The Montgolfier brothers were the first to use balloons, they sent the first man up in 1783, in Paris, just before the revolution. It was the latest technology of the time. There is a contemporary cartoon (Gilray?) Showing Napoleon using them to invade Britain by floating across the channel. They were used for observation by the Union army in the American civil war, (by a chap called Thaddeus Lower,) at the seige of Paris in 1870, and in WWI. After that aeroplanes took on the role.
A division is a collection of regiments and a Dragoon is a type of light cavalry, usually tasked with scouting, they were capable of fighting on horseback or on foot, unlike most cavalry who only fought on horseback only.
France had a very turbulent time in the 18th and 19th centuries, with multiple revolutions. A channel called usefulcharts has a video with a timeline of the French revolutions, if you want a short summary.
The seven years war was basicly the first world war. it had two starting points, one was George Washington attacking french soldiers in Ohio, the other was Friedrich the great invading Silesia. Both become one mayor war fought on the whole globe. Ohio, Kanada, India, France, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Portugal the Caribbean and all oceans saw battles
Bernadotte did not betray Napoleon. He asked Napoleon for permission when the offer to become Sweden's heir was given. And, he told Napoleon up front that he would do what was best for Sweden if he did this. Napoleon gave the permission and when asked said "Ungrateful, yes, a traitor, no"
Bernadotte offer to be Crown Prince of Sweden in 1810 was a unique situation because unlike other Pro-Napoleonic monarchies in Europe such as Louis in Holland, Murat in Naples, Joseph in Spain and Jérôme in Westphalia who got their thones by Napoleon's graces and war, the Swedes themselves were making this offer to Bernadotte personally meaning Bernadotte was expected to stand for Swedish interests above anything else. Nobody in the right mind could expect him to go to Sweden and say to his adopted nation and people "your now puppets of France and I being French will follow Napoleon every wish and demand." I won't call Bernadotte either ungrateful or a traitor, he was open-minded than most of the other Marshals and when given the offer by Sweden he could have refused the offer. Instead his decision would ensure his legacy was long lasting to the present day.
20:30 the hotel des invalides most likely was created by Louis XIV cuz it was already there when the storm of the bastille happened. The hotel des invalides was stormed by the mob for weapons and then the bastille for gunpowder
@@ebenezer576 yeah that guy ordered the construction of so much stuff he was largely responsible for draining french coffers. I remember he built a canal in one of the major rivers
The hotel des Invalides, was a retirement home for "noble soldiers" created by Louis XIV. But during Napoleon governorship it become a house for everyone who needed treatement for wounds. and were allowed to live there for their entire life. But most important it was the place where the revolutionaries congregated on the 14 of July, before going to take the Bastille. (Under the future governor of Paris during Napoleon, Hulin) today Napoleon remains are at that exact place.
Bonjour encore un fois SoGal et Napoleon et Scarlett. Once again I watched whilst settling the dogs down so I understand how you feel. I checked and it was 2007 when the oldest one, a cross breed arrived and swung from the blind before I tired her out and made her let me show her to be "nice". Others have answered the questions so looking forward to next one.
The most famous painting shows Napoleon on his rearing white charger leading troops over the Alps. It is totally fictitious as he actually rode a mule over the Alps for it's better footing.
37:00 It is dying out of modern English, but ill in that context simply means the opposite of well, i.e. Napoleon is saying he used him 'badly'. You may have heard the proverb "It's an ill wind that blows nobody any good".
You may be interested in the Waterloo Uncovered project. This is an archaeological dig, centred mainly around Hugoumont Farm, including readings of eyewitness accounts of the battle. Hugoumont has been renovated and is now a museum (it was still in private hands the last time I was there and quite run-down and no archaeological work could take place). Thankfully, funds were raised, the farm purchased and then preserved.
Napoleon was in Italy early in his career as a general in the revolutionary army and was sent to fight the Austrians who had occupied much of that area and absorbed it into their own empire long before. Napoleon invaded Egypt because he was an adventurous man and wanted to eventually move on to India much like Alexander, but obviously he was never going to achieve it with such a small force and cut off from reinforcements by the Royal Navy.
A Dragoon was an infantry/cavalry hybrid that used horses to maneuver but would dismount from their horses to fight. This flexibility allowed Dragoons to temporarily be one or the other if the situation called for it, an example would be that they could become regular cavalry and reinforce a charge if another cavalry division was destroyed, and vice versa with infantry as well. This is why they were called mounted infantry and not simply cavalry or infantry. The definition changes depending on the time period and army but this is a general description.
Another thing that caught my attention,Marchal MacDonald,that name sounds more scottish/english then french. I wounder what he would have thought of the fact that centuries later it would be a most recogniceble term world over for fast food...
I don't mind the long videos. I just shut down the vid halfway through if its too long. Next time I come back, TH-cam remembers where I was in the video.
As you get further in you will see the fighting marshals. Interesting or in some cases ordinary backgrounds but they seemed to have a knack for leading men and inspiring men into combat and they were fighters. Some were fair to very good tacticians, none on a scale with Napoleon, some worked well out from under his command, some did not work so well. Napoleon didn't want his generals/marshals to think independently from him. You may have gathered that already no? You won't be disappointed in this series fer sure.
*A quick summary for explain the political situation in France* => Before the Revolution, France was an absolute monarchy ruled by Louis 16 from the French dynastie called "Bourbon" (the Bourbon ruled other areas in Europe like Spain). => The French Revolution appears in 1789. At the beggining, France became a constitutionnal monarchy still ruled by Louis 16. After, France became a Republic in 1792 (good bye Louis ). The Republic then radicalised under Robespierre and his "Reign of Terror". There is Revolts in France (by Royalists, who want to bring back the monarchy and the House of Bourbon and by opposant of the actual regime). There is also war (France was at war against all Europeans kingdoms who feared the spread of revolutionaries ideas ). =>In 1794, Robespierre fall and the "Reign of Terror" ended. A new government took the lead and tried to stabilize the Republic (but he failed). => During all this period, Napoleon fought for the Republic at Toulon (against the Royalist and the coalition), then in Italy (against the coalition), then in Egypt (try but failed to cut the road to India). => After all this brilliant battles, Napoleon became a popular general in France and in contrast the new government was very unpopular. So, in 1799, Napoleon lauched a "coup d'etat" and took the power. => Napoleon became first consul of the Republic (still a Republic but more like a one man in charge) =>The first consul Napoleon lauched a second italian campaign against the coalition and won. Then he made peace in Europe. => In 1804, Napoleon ended the Republic and created the French Empire. Since the beggining of the Revolution, the French Republic and then Napoleon had extented French land and French area of influence. At the creation of the Empire, France had Belgium, Netherlands, some part of Germany and Italy and influenced Switzerland, Spain, Bavaria, Wurtemberg etc... => After that it's the period covered by Epic history. => So remind that when Napoleon became emperor, some French were against that and the country was divided : There is the Royalists, who since the revolution, wanted to bring back the monarchy and the House of Bourbon and then there is the Republicans who wanted to bring back the Republic. So, when Napoleon fought in France in 1814 the French were already divided and in addition the ordinary French people who doesn't care of politics were just exhausted since the Revolution and all this war against all Europe, all this civil war etc...Since 1792, there is like 20 years of almost constant war.
For reference for the other explains of the Dragoons, the cavalry in the USA history (civil war or Indian wars) count as Dragoons. They fight both ways, on horse or as light infantry. As typical example you can see the delay action in the morning of the first day of Gettysburg was fought by US cavalry on foot...
The Italian and the Egyptian campaigns, like the siege of Toulon, weren't technically part of what we call the Napoleonic Wars, but the Revolutionary Wars. That's probably why Epic History TV didn't do a video right away (though they did Toulon...). But apparently, they 'll do it for those two very important campaigns, probably a matter of months. To sum it up: the 1st and 2nd coalitions fought France during the Revolutionary Wars. The 3rd/4st/5st/6st/7st fought France during the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleon ran into the most ruthless guy on the planet at the time during the Egyptian/Syria campaign. At Acre. Ottoman commander Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar. AL-JAZZAR meaning "THE BUTCHER". He earned that name before Napoleon. Running into him was the end of Napoleon campaigning in that direction.
36:30 it was a trend of the time to dress up anyone in the imagine of the "golden age" o ancient Greece or rome. Your general idea is totally correct btw.
Marshal of the Empire was an extension of the still present french civil rank of Marshal of France. Strictly speaking during the First French Empire, (1804-1814/15) Marshal of the Empire was not actual an army rank, (four stars) but a civil ceremonial title. General of Division was on paper the highest rank in the Grande Armée, (three stars) but after 1804 for morale and customary reasons the highest levels of commands, (Corps) was always given to a Marshal.
The convention of the time was to wear such hats with their corners pointing forward and back. In order to ensure he was instantly identifiable on the battlefield, Napoleon wore his sideways.
Historically a dragoon was a mounted infantryman who would ride into battle and dismount to fight on foot. However by this point in history they now functioned as regular heavy cavalry. They were still called dragoons as the title formed part of a regiments tradition. The same way that a man serving in Grenadier company of an infantry battalion was called a "grenadier" even though they had stopped using grenades several decades ago. "I used that men very ill" means that Napoleon used Jourdan very poorly/badly. Ill can mean sick but can also mean badly i.e. "if the battle goes ill".
Love your videos and also your interest in the history of Great Britain. It would be great if you looked at a video of how England was the first country to abolish slavery, not just in England but globally. A fact rarely taught now.
King Charles X was a monarch of France after the abolition of the Empire and restoration of the Bourbon Monarchy. Some of Napoleon's Generals and Marshals went on to serve the restored Bourbon monarchy (as Ministers or Marshals) both after the first and second exile of Napoleon. Napoleon's excursions into Italy and Egypt happened at the start of his brilliant military career after the Siege of Toulon. Italian campaign was part of a two-pronged attack against Austria and the Holy Roman Empire to knock them out of the second coalition. The Italian campaign was as a way to support the German campaign which was aimed at capturing Vienna but ended up successful that France gained much in Italy. Egypt campaign was successful in the beginning as Napoleon won victories like in his famous battle of the pyramids but suffered a devastating defeat to Admiral Nelson's fleet in the Battle of the Nile that cut off his lines of communication back home and eventually his army disintegrated due to disease and unfavorable weather. His goal in Egypt was to cut off British shipping to and from India that supported their war efforts in Europe by seizing their shortcut to the east(Egypt). With this failure he returned to France but was still honored as a hero. Thereafter he led a coup against the government and seized power as First Consul. And later declared the Empire. Les Invalides was founded by the Sun King Louis XIV before the revolution.
The italian campaigns were fought during the Revolution. Napoleon leaded the french army throught Italy as general. After that, northern Italy was under french control and few battles were fought here during the Napoleonic wars.
Before being emperor Napoleon was a general of the french revolution. He helped in the revolutionnary wars (1791-1799) and he became famous at that time. When he became famous he gained the command of the army of Italy (1796-1797) then he became dangerous for the french governement (he was still a general) and they sent him in Egypt to avoid him taking power.
to prevent him from taking power (sorry I speak french I make some mistakes XD). I'm looking your videos from Belgium, accually I live 10 km away from the battlefield of Waterloo. I really like your videos
Dragoon’s were a type of cavalry armed with firearms so they could ride to a position, dismount and fight as infantry. They were also used as conventional cavalry.
As for a good book I've actually got a good one called (unsurprisingly) 'The Napoleonic Wars' it's by Richard Holmes. I hope you can find a good second hand copy cause it's a bit pricey, from what I can see. It's got lots of those lovely paintings you're after, though.
"Dragoon Division" Division is a larger unit of an army which in principle can fight on its own for at least a while (independent if Dragoon, Infantry or something else Division) . Dragoons startet as "mounted infantry", meaning that they would use horses to move around the battlefield but only really fight from foot. They worked a bit like infantry in APC's today, moving rapidly (for the time) in important positions and securing them and holding them. At the time of Napoleon, Dragoons fought more and more from horseback and, unlike other cavalry units, often with range weapons be that pistols or carbines (smaller muskets which you can better handle on horse back). In Europe, many border or police forces were based on Dragoons. Given that for a long time there was no clear division between military and police.
Regarding the hats: The basis for all these different hat-types is a wide-brimmed felt hat. Very basic. Similar to a cowboy hat. In it's original form... just the standard slouch hat, it had been very fashionable in the 17th century. Think of The Three Musketeers and their wide-brimmed, feather-decked hats. But these wide brimmed hats were not very well suited for use with long guns. So soldiers started to fold up the sides and pin them to the crown. Often, a cockade, a round type of colourful ribbon, was used to fix it in place, and this type of hat became known as the "cocked hat". The most common and fashionable sort for this type of hat was the later so-called "tricorne", where three sides where folded up. The soldiers at 27:40 are wearing tricornes... it was the standard military and civilian headgear throughout the 18th century. For the common soldiers, it was mostly replaced with the shako type cap. In the late 18th century, the style changed to only two sides being folded up... and here there existed forms worn both sideways or front-to-back.
Dragoons are light cavalry armed with a pistole, they are very good at chasing other cavalry, especially against the heavy cavalry (as they are not very agi)
Lots of different ways to break Europe down by compass direction… Sometimes people talk about “Western Europe” and “Eastern Europe” - this is a legacy of the Cold War, with capitalist countries in the West and communist countries in the East. The dividing line goes approximately down the eastern side of Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. People sometimes talk about “Northern Europe” and “Southern Europe”, usually to distinguish Germanic cultures from Latin cultures, or sometimes to distinguish their different attitudes to government welfare - the dividing line basically follows the borders of the Roman Empire. Sometimes people combine these to have all four compass points, or even add “Central Europe” as well. In the former case the map from the board game Risk is actually pretty good at describing those regions. If you have “Central Europe” then that would often include most of “Northern Europe” on the Risk map, and instead everything north of Germany would be “Northern Europe” (Denmark & other Nordics, British Isles, possibly Benelux).
The seven years war is huge, the american involvement is britain fighting france in the new world but the major combat of the war is in europe, where prussia under frederick the great fought austria, russia and france pretty much simultaneously with british financial aid while britains part in the war was mostly at sea and opening up multiple theatres to drain french finances, the americas being one of these.
Hi there, just a quick overview of the french monarchy. since 987 all monarchs have been "capetians" named after hugues capet. until 1328 they were all "direct branch" but starting that year the "valois" branch started which caused the 100 years war some 10 years later then came the "bourbon" branch in i believe 1589-91 at the end of the wars of religion in france under henry IV this lasted until the french revolution when the last bourbon king louis xvi was beheaded. during the "restoration" another branch appeared, the "orleanist" branch(these are all place names) as to the names there were 18 louis, 10 charles, 6 phillips, 4 henrys and many more, specially if you take the weird germanic names the merovingian and carolingian dynasties prior to hugues capet had
The videos are following nopoleons battles as emperor. Italy and Egypt where both before this time. He did not lead france, when he was fighting in italy.
Egypt was an expedition force that Napoleon got that was attempting to build a french colonial empire there (and threaten the british Empire) but thanks to Nelson, it went nowhere because Napoleon was cut off by the Royal Navy and had to abandon the army in egypt. Italy, or to be precise northern Italy as been a battle ground for french for centuries. At the very least since the 15th century, the french fought over this area with the Austrians (or HRE in earlier period), over and over again. So revolutionary France and Napoleon fighting there, was just an continuation of that. Napoleon wasn't Emperor yet, when he fought in Italy, but build the reputation that would make his coup possible.
When you finish Napoleonic Wars and Marshals, you should look at 30 years war from Kings and Generals. It's pretty interesting and as Napoleonic wars really important for Europe in general, because it somewhat normalised other religions than Catholic Christianity in Europe, but mostly Protestantism.
Italy and Egypt are not covered yet, but in short, After Toulon Napoleon participate in the destruction of the Royalist army, and then launched a campaign in Italy, ending the first coalition, then at the begining of the second coalition he invaded Malta and Egypt, before returning to France, deal a Coup against the "Thermidorian faction", and won in Italy again, thus winning the war of the second coalition
21:50 You are referering I think of the Battle of Jumonville Glen were Washington commanded an attack on a French envoy party. I suggest reading it's wikipedia article. A interesting read on the murky nature of the fighting in the colonies between France and the British crown.
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10:05 That's king Charles of France yes i believe he's Charles X Bourbon the last king of the Bourbons in france toppled in 1830
@@RodolfoGaming Charles X was Legitimist Bourbon, it was Louis-Philippe who was of the Orleanist branch.
@@BlameThande yeah thanks he was the last Bourbon king mb
Can you watch the Languages of Spain by History with Hilbert?
EGYPT/PALESTINE - Sidney Smith - this guy was Napoleon's "greatest foe" - Lindybeige has a long rambling youtube piece on the guy - worth a watch but I doubt reactable to. (Not sure that is a real word!) Smith prevented Napoleon from emulating Alexander the Great
From Wikipedia: "Dragoons originally were a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat with swords and firearms from horseback."
Dragoons were medium-armed cavalry. Hussars/Cossacks are light cavalry, fast agile, but not really armored. Cuirassiers are heavy cavalry. Big everything. Not agile obviously. Dragoons are the middle ground. ... In the American Revolution, you had Light Dragoons serving for the continental army. SO not quite Cossacks/Hussars but also not quite Dragoons but close enough. These guys came from Virginia and the Carolinas, where they had the best horses probably.
Thank you!
A bit off-topic but all this talk made me wonder about the Polish-winged Hussars. Cause something felt off about it. It turns out they started out as Hussars but in the 16th century, they became modified into the heavy-cavalry force most people think of them as. SO they were actually more comparable to the Cuirassiers. Winged CUirassiers lol
The name Dragoon initially comes from the name of the gun they used, the Dragon Musket, but would become a catch-all term for this type of mounted infrantry, in the same way Fusiliers were soldiers equipped with the Fusil musket.
Marshal Ney facing his execution was not only calm but give one of the best speaches of a soldier being about to shoot. He himself gave the order.
Concerning Poniatowski’s memorial, there are several factors, why he is portraide like this. One, is that this monument was ordered by Poles within famous Danish sculptor Thorvaldsen still in 20’s od XIX century, when classical art and style was in fashion and it was absolutely common, to portray heroes in „antique” clothes and poses.
Second, Thorvaldsen decided to „copy” sculpture of roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, who was considered epithomy of „father of the nation”. Poniatowski already during his life was known as „father of his soldiers” on even higher level than Napoleon, who was outstanding and inspirational leader, creating fanatical loyalty of rank and file, but Poniatowski was more „fatherly”, more „warm” towards common soldier, despite being a prince. And in his legend he also became in some way „father of nation” during napoleonic period - thus the choice of inspiration. But because he was more soldier, Thorvaldsen gave Poniatowski a sword in hand, while Marcus Aurelius was just greeting his citizens with his hand.
But interesting to note - Poles were not very happy with final version of the sculpture, as they hoped/expected to see Poniatowski in more heroic pose, on one of his famous horses, in uniform of polish general in chief, such as he was remebered by his veterans.
There were even accusations (with degree of being correct) that Thorvaldsen went easy way, having a lot of orders, and just didn’t put enough attention to this monument.
Monument itself also has long and pretty tragic story, paralell to history of Poland in XIX century, being made just before November Uprising in 1830, for many years being held in Russia next to palace of one of Russian military commanders, brought back after regaining independence by Poland and destroyed by Germans during the 2nd world war... What You see todsy in Warsaw is copy, given by Danish Nation to Poland in 60’s if im correct.
Even than, it was initially placed in quite hidden place in one of public gardens in Warsaw and only later moved to the square in front of present Presidential Palace in main part of Warsaw.
Movement of the monument was btw occasion for huge patriotic demonstration, not too welcomed by communist gouvernment of the time.
Anyway - in Poland Poniatowski, alhough a bit forgotten as whole napoleonic era, for those being „in history” is one of absolute symbolic national heroes, braveest soldier (dashing cavalryman!), true patriot, politician, but also somebody with incredible fantasy, flare... by most of contemporary women considered „the most beautiful man of the age” 😉
That was a good catch on her part. I didn't realize it until I looked at it for a bit. And, I'm half Polish. With that Polish half having Prussian in there also. Clearly Gladius sword and Roman armor, with the double-headed eagle on it. AND NO PANTS! Actually, the Polish double-headed eagle is something I need to look into. What exactly are the roots that led to that. lol.
@@MarkVrem well, there is no double-headed eagle, none on Poniatowski’s armour or in heraldry of Poland as state. What You see on the monument is Roman eagle, eventually one may argue that is French imperial eagle, which was extremely closely modelled after roman one.
And yeah, You’d be surprised how much annoyance that lack of pants caused after reveal of the monument 😄
Some people with more... humor noted, that because Poniatowski is portrayed in „bedsheet and underware” there is doubt, for which deeds he got the monument - drowning in Elster river or riding naked (!) through Warsaw because of bet, somewhere on the break of centuries, when he was not yet such a figure, consider rather solely a womanizer and fun-loving aristocrat.
Btw. this makes him even more „human” for a hero and adds interesting layer to his history and personality, how extreme change did he go through.
in Italy and Egypt, Napoleon was just a young General of the Republic, not yet Emperor.
Josef Poniatowski uncle was the last king of Poland-Lithuania, Staniław II Augustus. He tried to pass reforms to help save the Commonwealth but he was met with internal and external opposition. Today he’s controversial in Poland because he failed to resolutely stand against and prevent the partition of Poland. But he was remembered as a great patron of the Arts and Sciences. It led to the creation of the Commission of National Education. He was also the former lover of Catherine the Great
There were two English kings and ten French kings named Charles. Among the latter, Charles I (aka Charlemagne), Charles V the Wise (who won the second part of the Hundred Years' War) and Charles VII the Victorious (who won the third and last part of the Hundred Years' War). In the video, he's talking of Charles X, king of France from 1824 to 1830.
Right, Spain had Charles also... Austria and the HRE had Charles also. But then I"m always like what is really Charles, and what is actually a Carlo or something, translated into Charles. lol
Charles of Britain didn't ended better than Louis XVI, but they would have a Charles III, (in theory)
21:54 the seven years war, or french-indian war for many americans, is indeed a very interesting and important subject, since it is sometimes called the "first global war" or "first world war" (there are more wars that sometimes claim that title, thou the case for the seven years war is pretty good).
The 9 Years War was pretty global.
Different sources vary as to what they consider a world war. According to my 9th grade history textbook, there have been no fewer than seven world wars, starting with the War of Spanish Succession.
@@fuerstmetternich643 so technically it's 9 year war?
I dont know about everyone, but I'd watch a 2 hour reaction let alone 1 hour to be honest
Same. xD
With regards to the quote about Jourdan: "use him ill" is a way of saying Napoleon treated Jourdan badly or didn't give him the credit or reward he deserved. When we say today that something left us feeling 'sick' or 'ill' is probably an evolution of that.
37:24 Naploeon was essentially saying that he did not use Jourdan as well as he could have.
Every good TH-camr has an official Fluffy Assistant who contributes their fluffy cuteness to proceedings. It's an unarguable fact. 👍
About the Balloons: they were a common thing into WW1, and shooting them down wasn't as easy or dangerous as it sounds. Even the hydrogen filled Zeppelin "balloons" needed incindiary rounds to really wreck them.
It was much more a question of ranges of weapons until the effect of gravity.
7:42 I think these men have seen death so many times in front of their eyes that it didn't even surprise them anymore. Even for its own sake.
I'm glad to see Scarlet helping you with adding a bit of realism with her sound effects. As they all had new boots the leather made a squeaking sound, ass did their bottoms when they got nervous.
I’ve been looking forward to this.
The King Charles of the video is King Charles X, King of France from 1824 to 1830. His reign occured after the one of his big Bro, Louis XVIII, who took power in 1815 after Napoleon's downfall.
France had 10 kings named Charles, the first being the most famous, Charlemagne.
The Invalides, the military hospital, was not built by Napoleon but by Louis XIV
Charlemagne is Charles the great for those who don't know his French name 😉
Karl der große für die deutschen.
But he wasn't really king of France, he had France + northern Italy, Germany, Switzerland and the rest Belgium, Netherlands....
@@Manu-rb6eo Charlemagne is part of the list of French monarchs as Charles the 1st. He was not King of France strictly speaking but he was King of the Franks and forefather/predecessor of the French kings. He is part of the carolingian dynasty, 2nd dynasty of the house of France, after the Merovingians and before the Capetians
I think you meant that Charles X was Louis XVIII's "little bro", because Louis was the older one - which is why he became king first. (At least, I don't think you were referring to physical size, because in that case Louis may well have been shorter than Charles.) And, of course, they were both little brothers to Louis XVI, who was king before the Revolution and was beheaded.
@@EmmettMcFly55 yeah you're right. My bad
The Royal Hospital Chelsea is a retirement home and nursing home for some 300 veterans of the British Army. Founded as an almshouse, the ancient sense of the word "hospital", it is a 66-acre site located on Royal Hospital Road in Chelse.it opened in 1692.
Yup always cool to note that hospitals existed for far longer than modern medicine. It was really for low-class travelers or anyone that might be sick. Usually, you'd bunk at the home of someone of your same class as you travel. Filling them in on rumors and stories. But not everyone was that accepted back then. Being sick obviously was an issue, with plagues, etc. SO they created Hospitals. Churches were the other alternative.
As for the Invalides, it was inaugurated in 1678 (by Louis XIV), 100 years before Napoleon existed.
@@MarkVrem Yes such as the The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller.
@@PeterDay81 Right,and if I'm not mistaken, these also became the first banks open to the public. Where instead of transporting money with you, you could get a piece of paper. Saying you deposited this much money at this "Hospital". Pick it up at another far away.
Discovered a relative that had been a Chelsea Pensioner while doing the family tree recently, need to do a bit more digging there.
Charles isn't an english name, it's a french name, the french version of Karl. The spanish version is Carlos.
In the french monarchy, the first one, Charles I, was the famous Charlemagne (768-814), his name mean Charles the Great.
Charles is the second most used name in the french monarchy, after Louis.
Napoleon's first Battle was the Siege of Toulon in 1793 (during the revolutionary wars), when he was the commander of the artillery. Because of his contribution to the battle, he was promoted to Brigadier General and put in charge of a french army - his task being the revolutionary liberation of Northern Italy (1796-1797). He won several battles against Piedmont-Sardinia and Austria (Bassano, Arcole, Rivoli) and even reached the austrian town of Leoben. The following peace treaty effectively saved the French Republic and gave France control of almost all territories west of the river Rhine.
After this successful campaign, he had become a very popular general and was put in charge of a large army (1798-1799). He wanted to conquer Egypt from the Ottomans, which threatened British colonial interests. He won several battles (Battle of the Pyramids, Jaffa, Mount Tabor), but wasn't able to take the city of Acre. Also, the french fleet had been severly defeated by the Royal Navy under the command of Admiral Horatio Nelson, so the french expedition was cut off from France. In the end, Napoleon left his men behind and fled back to France (sounds familiar?).
After he was back in Paris in 1799, Napoleon (still a famous general) staged a coup d'etat against the republican government. He became "First Consul of the Republic" (in reality, he was some kind of military dictator). He went to Italy for a second time, fighting against the Austrians in the War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802). After he had won the decisive Battle of Marengo (in Northern Italy), the war was over. Two years later, he crowned himself as Emperor of the French and prepared for an invasion of Great Britain in 1806 - which never happened, because Admiral Nelson defeated the french and spanish navy again at Trafalgar and Napoleon went off to the east to fight the Austrians and Russians at Ulm and Austerlitz.
The Kings mentioned in the video are the monarchs from old royal House of Bourbon. The pre-revolutionary monarchy was restored in 1814.
- Louis XVIII., ruled 1814-1815 and 1815-1824 (brother of the beheaded Louis XVI., had to flee when Napoleon returned from Elba, but regained his throne after the Battle of Waterloo)
- Charles X., ruled 1824-1830 (brother of Louis XVIII., was overthrown during the revolution of 1830)
- Louis Philippe, ruled 1830-1848 (member of the House of Orléans, a junior branch of the House of Bourbon; became a more liberal and constitutional king, was overthrown during the revolution of 1848 - yes, the french had MANY revolutions...)
Here is a very useful overview, including all french revolutions: th-cam.com/video/_S31SY-Wqd0/w-d-xo.html
3:54 This is Beethoven's Egmont Overture, have a check on this !
31:30 Louis 18 was the brother of Louis 16 (the one who was beheaded by the revolutionaries). Louis 18 was brought to power after the first fall of Napoleon in 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, a huge meeting where the monarchies which had defeated Napoleon gathered after his downfall to reestablish the old order. After Napoleon was defeated and exiled for good in 1815 Louis 18 was brought back to power a second time by the Congress of Vienna. Being already old, fat, and sick when he acceded to the throne, Louis 18 ended up dying after 9 years of reign. He was succeeded by his brother Charles 10 (so also a brother of Louis 16), who was forced to abdicate and go into exile after only 5 years of reign because of the second French revolution.
The "hotel des Invalides" was built by order of the king Louis XIVth.... in the 17th C. long time (more than a century) before the revolution and Napoleon.
7:21 i believe the french often wore it sideways while the british often wore it front to back
Napoleon trained as an Artillery Officer. If you look at depictions of French Artillerymen (13:43) most wear their hats from sideways.
25:24
A Dragoon is basically a mounted man armed with a carbine who could deploy quickly, dismount, and fire their weapons and stay or mount again and deploy elsewhere as needed.
I think this is going to be another great series to watch.
Dragoons are a special sort of cavalry. They can be used as a "mobile infantry" because they have a "carbine muskets" (short firearms). They can charge the enemy with their swords/sabres but as I said they can be also used as a vanguard. That means that they will dismount infront of enemy lines and they can fight as skirmishers to harass the enemy a delay their attack. Then they will jump back on their horses and disappear.
For people who don't know what it is "13 vendémiaire".....it's a new calender made by the revolutionnaires (no longer used), they refused the "normal" calender because it is a religious one. So vendemiaire and brumaire are both months from this new calender.
The restored King Louis 18th was the brother of the King Louis 16th who was executed during the revolution. Also just wait till you hear about marshal Oudinot, he was totally amazing
If you want amazing look no further than seafaring career of Admiral Lord Thomas Cochrane.
You raised a couple of questions. Less invalides was not the first military hospital. Charles II of England established one at Chelsea in London. His reign was 1660-85. The Chelsea pensioners still reside there to this day. Honoured retired servicemen, noted for their red coats.
Balloons. The Montgolfier brothers were the first to use balloons, they sent the first man up in 1783, in Paris, just before the revolution. It was the latest technology of the time. There is a contemporary cartoon (Gilray?) Showing Napoleon using them to invade Britain by floating across the channel. They were used for observation by the Union army in the American civil war, (by a chap called Thaddeus Lower,) at the seige of Paris in 1870, and in WWI. After that aeroplanes took on the role.
A division is a collection of regiments and a Dragoon is a type of light cavalry, usually tasked with scouting, they were capable of fighting on horseback or on foot, unlike most cavalry who only fought on horseback only.
France had a very turbulent time in the 18th and 19th centuries, with multiple revolutions. A channel called usefulcharts has a video with a timeline of the French revolutions, if you want a short summary.
The seven years war was basicly the first world war. it had two starting points, one was George Washington attacking french soldiers in Ohio, the other was Friedrich the great invading Silesia. Both become one mayor war fought on the whole globe. Ohio, Kanada, India, France, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Portugal the Caribbean and all oceans saw battles
As you will see, some of them have epic stories, crazy to imagine something similar in our time, absolute exceptional men.
Bernadotte did not betray Napoleon. He asked Napoleon for permission when the offer to become Sweden's heir was given. And, he told Napoleon up front that he would do what was best for Sweden if he did this. Napoleon gave the permission and when asked said "Ungrateful, yes, a traitor, no"
Bernadotte offer to be Crown Prince of Sweden in 1810 was a unique situation because unlike other Pro-Napoleonic monarchies in Europe such as Louis in Holland, Murat in Naples, Joseph in Spain and Jérôme in Westphalia who got their thones by Napoleon's graces and war, the Swedes themselves were making this offer to Bernadotte personally meaning Bernadotte was expected to stand for Swedish interests above anything else. Nobody in the right mind could expect him to go to Sweden and say to his adopted nation and people "your now puppets of France and I being French will follow Napoleon every wish and demand."
I won't call Bernadotte either ungrateful or a traitor, he was open-minded than most of the other Marshals and when given the offer by Sweden he could have refused the offer. Instead his decision would ensure his legacy was long lasting to the present day.
Love your dog! 😂😂 My dog the same hates being alone! X
Gosh what a cute dog
Doggy !! 😊
20:30 the hotel des invalides most likely was created by Louis XIV cuz it was already there when the storm of the bastille happened. The hotel des invalides was stormed by the mob for weapons and then the bastille for gunpowder
Yep constructed by Louis XIV.
@@ebenezer576 yeah that guy ordered the construction of so much stuff he was largely responsible for draining french coffers. I remember he built a canal in one of the major rivers
The doggie is a bit smaller than i have inmagined from photos - but she is like SUPER HAPPY right now!
The hotel des Invalides, was a retirement home for "noble soldiers" created by Louis XIV. But during Napoleon governorship it become a house for everyone who needed treatement for wounds. and were allowed to live there for their entire life. But most important it was the place where the revolutionaries congregated on the 14 of July, before going to take the Bastille. (Under the future governor of Paris during Napoleon, Hulin) today Napoleon remains are at that exact place.
Bonjour encore un fois SoGal et Napoleon et Scarlett.
Once again I watched whilst settling the dogs down so I understand how you feel. I checked and it was 2007 when the oldest one, a cross breed arrived and swung from the blind before I tired her out and made her let me show her to be "nice".
Others have answered the questions so looking forward to next one.
The most famous painting shows Napoleon on his rearing white charger leading troops over the Alps. It is totally fictitious as he actually rode a mule over the Alps for it's better footing.
@@BLRSharpLight I never saw that one. Thank you very much.
37:00 It is dying out of modern English, but ill in that context simply means the opposite of well, i.e. Napoleon is saying he used him 'badly'. You may have heard the proverb "It's an ill wind that blows nobody any good".
You may be interested in the Waterloo Uncovered project. This is an archaeological dig, centred mainly around Hugoumont Farm, including readings of eyewitness accounts of the battle. Hugoumont has been renovated and is now a museum (it was still in private hands the last time I was there and quite run-down and no archaeological work could take place). Thankfully, funds were raised, the farm purchased and then preserved.
Napoleon was in Italy early in his career as a general in the revolutionary army and was sent to fight the Austrians who had occupied much of that area and absorbed it into their own empire long before.
Napoleon invaded Egypt because he was an adventurous man and wanted to eventually move on to India much like Alexander, but obviously he was never going to achieve it with such a small force and cut off from reinforcements by the Royal Navy.
Ney was executed and his last request was to give the firing squad orders himself.
You should also look into the English civil war.
Yessss ! Been looking forward to this
A Dragoon was an infantry/cavalry hybrid that used horses to maneuver but would dismount from their horses to fight.
This flexibility allowed Dragoons to temporarily be one or the other if the situation called for it, an example would be that they could become regular cavalry and reinforce a charge if another cavalry division was destroyed, and vice versa with infantry as well.
This is why they were called mounted infantry and not simply cavalry or infantry.
The definition changes depending on the time period and army but this is a general description.
Another thing that caught my attention,Marchal MacDonald,that name sounds more scottish/english then french. I wounder what he would have thought of the fact that centuries later it would be a most recogniceble term world over for fast food...
Curassier's were Heavy cavalry, Hussar's (like La Salle) were light cavalry, Dragoons were light cavalry that could also dismount and fight.
The only video in english who cover the Italian and early campaigns is "Battle of Marengo" from Kings and Generals.
I don't mind the long videos. I just shut down the vid halfway through if its too long. Next time I come back, TH-cam remembers where I was in the video.
41:00 - Vitoria video comes out tomorrow afternoon
The english civil wars are interesting battles etc, much more than you think, and lots of politics also.
As you get further in you will see the fighting marshals. Interesting or in some cases ordinary backgrounds but they seemed to have a knack for leading men and inspiring men into combat and they were fighters. Some were fair to very good tacticians, none on a scale with Napoleon, some worked well out from under his command, some did not work so well. Napoleon didn't want his generals/marshals to think independently from him. You may have gathered that already no? You won't be disappointed in this series fer sure.
*A quick summary for explain the political situation in France*
=> Before the Revolution, France was an absolute monarchy ruled by Louis 16 from the French dynastie called "Bourbon" (the Bourbon ruled other areas in Europe like Spain).
=> The French Revolution appears in 1789.
At the beggining, France became a constitutionnal monarchy still ruled by Louis 16.
After, France became a Republic in 1792 (good bye Louis ).
The Republic then radicalised under Robespierre and his "Reign of Terror". There is Revolts in France (by Royalists, who want to bring back the monarchy and the House of Bourbon and by opposant of the actual regime). There is also war (France was at war against all Europeans kingdoms who feared the spread of revolutionaries ideas ).
=>In 1794, Robespierre fall and the "Reign of Terror" ended. A new government took the lead and tried to stabilize the Republic (but he failed).
=> During all this period, Napoleon fought for the Republic at Toulon (against the Royalist and the coalition), then in Italy (against the coalition), then in Egypt (try but failed to cut the road to India).
=> After all this brilliant battles, Napoleon became a popular general in France and in contrast the new government was very unpopular. So, in 1799, Napoleon lauched a "coup d'etat" and took the power.
=> Napoleon became first consul of the Republic (still a Republic but more like a one man in charge)
=>The first consul Napoleon lauched a second italian campaign against the coalition and won.
Then he made peace in Europe.
=> In 1804, Napoleon ended the Republic and created the French Empire. Since the beggining of the Revolution, the French Republic and then Napoleon had extented French land and French area of influence. At the creation of the Empire, France had Belgium, Netherlands, some part of Germany and Italy and influenced Switzerland, Spain, Bavaria, Wurtemberg etc...
=> After that it's the period covered by Epic history.
=> So remind that when Napoleon became emperor, some French were against that and the country was divided : There is the Royalists, who since the revolution, wanted to bring back the monarchy and the House of Bourbon and then there is the Republicans who wanted to bring back the Republic.
So, when Napoleon fought in France in 1814 the French were already divided and in addition the ordinary French people who doesn't care of politics were just exhausted since the Revolution and all this war against all Europe, all this civil war etc...Since 1792, there is like 20 years of almost constant war.
“Terror Belli, Decus Pacis.”
“Terror in War, Ornament in Peace.”
“The words inscribed on every French Marshal’s Baton.” -Epic History TV
It’s always amazed me that Marshall Ney lived as long as he did. He was a total head case..
but loyal, you have forgotten that.
@@tomhirons7475
Fair enough👍
For reference for the other explains of the Dragoons, the cavalry in the USA history (civil war or Indian wars) count as Dragoons. They fight both ways, on horse or as light infantry. As typical example you can see the delay action in the morning of the first day of Gettysburg was fought by US cavalry on foot...
Sweet dog glad you adopted
Thanks. Just fostering for now though.
The Italian and the Egyptian campaigns, like the siege of Toulon, weren't technically part of what we call the Napoleonic Wars, but the Revolutionary Wars. That's probably why Epic History TV didn't do a video right away (though they did Toulon...). But apparently, they 'll do it for those two very important campaigns, probably a matter of months.
To sum it up: the 1st and 2nd coalitions fought France during the Revolutionary Wars. The 3rd/4st/5st/6st/7st fought France during the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleon ran into the most ruthless guy on the planet at the time during the Egyptian/Syria campaign. At Acre. Ottoman commander Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar. AL-JAZZAR meaning "THE BUTCHER". He earned that name before Napoleon. Running into him was the end of Napoleon campaigning in that direction.
instantly pushed the like button at the first glimpse
36:30
it was a trend of the time to dress up anyone in the imagine of the "golden age" o ancient Greece or rome.
Your general idea is totally correct btw.
22:07 you should watch the video of armchair historian on the seven years war its much informative
The Battle of Vitoria video is out this week on Wednesday I believe :)
Most army types wore thier bicornes thwart wise (sideways) in the navy it was more common to wear their bicornes fore and aft.
Marshal of the Empire was an extension of the still present french civil rank of Marshal of France. Strictly speaking during the First French Empire, (1804-1814/15) Marshal of the Empire was not actual an army rank, (four stars) but a civil ceremonial title. General of Division was on paper the highest rank in the Grande Armée, (three stars) but after 1804 for morale and customary reasons the highest levels of commands, (Corps) was always given to a Marshal.
"I used that man very ill" its a very old fashioned way of saying "I treated him badly/used him."
The convention of the time was to wear such hats with their corners pointing forward and back. In order to ensure he was instantly identifiable on the battlefield, Napoleon wore his sideways.
SoGal, Napoleon was known for his hand in waistcoat gesture.
7:47 I believe it was due to a need/desire to die with dignity i.e. showing no fear.
Historically a dragoon was a mounted infantryman who would ride into battle and dismount to fight on foot. However by this point in history they now functioned as regular heavy cavalry.
They were still called dragoons as the title formed part of a regiments tradition. The same way that a man serving in Grenadier company of an infantry battalion was called a "grenadier" even though they had stopped using grenades several decades ago.
"I used that men very ill" means that Napoleon used Jourdan very poorly/badly. Ill can mean sick but can also mean badly i.e. "if the battle goes ill".
Love your videos and also your interest in the history of Great Britain. It would be great if you looked at a video of how England was the first country to abolish slavery, not just in England but globally. A fact rarely taught now.
King Charles X was a monarch of France after the abolition of the Empire and restoration of the Bourbon Monarchy. Some of Napoleon's Generals and Marshals went on to serve the restored Bourbon monarchy (as Ministers or Marshals) both after the first and second exile of Napoleon.
Napoleon's excursions into Italy and Egypt happened at the start of his brilliant military career after the Siege of Toulon. Italian campaign was part of a two-pronged attack against Austria and the Holy Roman Empire to knock them out of the second coalition. The Italian campaign was as a way to support the German campaign which was aimed at capturing Vienna but ended up successful that France gained much in Italy. Egypt campaign was successful in the beginning as Napoleon won victories like in his famous battle of the pyramids but suffered a devastating defeat to Admiral Nelson's fleet in the Battle of the Nile that cut off his lines of communication back home and eventually his army disintegrated due to disease and unfavorable weather. His goal in Egypt was to cut off British shipping to and from India that supported their war efforts in Europe by seizing their shortcut to the east(Egypt). With this failure he returned to France but was still honored as a hero. Thereafter he led a coup against the government and seized power as First Consul. And later declared the Empire.
Les Invalides was founded by the Sun King Louis XIV before the revolution.
The italian campaigns were fought during the Revolution. Napoleon leaded the french army throught Italy as general. After that, northern Italy was under french control and few battles were fought here during the Napoleonic wars.
Before being emperor Napoleon was a general of the french revolution. He helped in the revolutionnary wars (1791-1799) and he became famous at that time. When he became famous he gained the command of the army of Italy (1796-1797) then he became dangerous for the french governement (he was still a general) and they sent him in Egypt to avoid him taking power.
to prevent him from taking power (sorry I speak french I make some mistakes XD). I'm looking your videos from Belgium, accually I live 10 km away from the battlefield of Waterloo. I really like your videos
Dragoon’s were a type of cavalry armed with firearms so they could ride to a position, dismount and fight as infantry. They were also used as conventional cavalry.
As for a good book I've actually got a good one called (unsurprisingly) 'The Napoleonic Wars' it's by Richard Holmes. I hope you can find a good second hand copy cause it's a bit pricey, from what I can see. It's got lots of those lovely paintings you're after, though.
"Dragoon Division"
Division is a larger unit of an army which in principle can fight on its own for at least a while (independent if Dragoon, Infantry or something else Division) .
Dragoons startet as "mounted infantry", meaning that they would use horses to move around the battlefield but only really fight from foot.
They worked a bit like infantry in APC's today, moving rapidly (for the time) in important positions and securing them and holding them.
At the time of Napoleon, Dragoons fought more and more from horseback and, unlike other cavalry units, often with range weapons be that pistols or carbines (smaller muskets which you can better handle on horse back).
In Europe, many border or police forces were based on Dragoons. Given that for a long time there was no clear division between military and police.
20:22 this hospital for soldiers was build by louis IV king of France
I love your channel keep up the great stuff!!
Regarding the hats:
The basis for all these different hat-types is a wide-brimmed felt hat. Very basic. Similar to a cowboy hat. In it's original form... just the standard slouch hat, it had been very fashionable in the 17th century. Think of The Three Musketeers and their wide-brimmed, feather-decked hats.
But these wide brimmed hats were not very well suited for use with long guns. So soldiers started to fold up the sides and pin them to the crown. Often, a cockade, a round type of colourful ribbon, was used to fix it in place, and this type of hat became known as the "cocked hat".
The most common and fashionable sort for this type of hat was the later so-called "tricorne", where three sides where folded up. The soldiers at 27:40 are wearing tricornes... it was the standard military and civilian headgear throughout the 18th century. For the common soldiers, it was mostly replaced with the shako type cap.
In the late 18th century, the style changed to only two sides being folded up... and here there existed forms worn both sideways or front-to-back.
Dragoons are light cavalry armed with a pistole, they are very good at chasing other cavalry, especially against the heavy cavalry (as they are not very agi)
Lots of different ways to break Europe down by compass direction…
Sometimes people talk about “Western Europe” and “Eastern Europe” - this is a legacy of the Cold War, with capitalist countries in the West and communist countries in the East. The dividing line goes approximately down the eastern side of Germany, Switzerland, and Italy.
People sometimes talk about “Northern Europe” and “Southern Europe”, usually to distinguish Germanic cultures from Latin cultures, or sometimes to distinguish their different attitudes to government welfare - the dividing line basically follows the borders of the Roman Empire.
Sometimes people combine these to have all four compass points, or even add “Central Europe” as well. In the former case the map from the board game Risk is actually pretty good at describing those regions. If you have “Central Europe” then that would often include most of “Northern Europe” on the Risk map, and instead everything north of Germany would be “Northern Europe” (Denmark & other Nordics, British Isles, possibly Benelux).
The seven years war is huge, the american involvement is britain fighting france in the new world but the major combat of the war is in europe, where prussia under frederick the great fought austria, russia and france pretty much simultaneously with british financial aid while britains part in the war was mostly at sea and opening up multiple theatres to drain french finances, the americas being one of these.
Hi there,
just a quick overview of the french monarchy. since 987 all monarchs have been "capetians" named after hugues capet.
until 1328 they were all "direct branch" but starting that year the "valois" branch started which caused the 100 years war some 10 years later
then came the "bourbon" branch in i believe 1589-91 at the end of the wars of religion in france under henry IV
this lasted until the french revolution when the last bourbon king louis xvi was beheaded.
during the "restoration" another branch appeared, the "orleanist" branch(these are all place names)
as to the names there were 18 louis, 10 charles, 6 phillips, 4 henrys and many more, specially if you take the weird germanic names the merovingian and carolingian dynasties prior to hugues capet had
Battlefields are gruesome by definition really. War is brutal murder.
The videos are following nopoleons battles as emperor. Italy and Egypt where both before this time. He did not lead france, when he was fighting in italy.
Egypt was an expedition force that Napoleon got that was attempting to build a french colonial empire there (and threaten the british Empire) but thanks to Nelson, it went nowhere because Napoleon was cut off by the Royal Navy and had to abandon the army in egypt.
Italy, or to be precise northern Italy as been a battle ground for french for centuries.
At the very least since the 15th century, the french fought over this area with the Austrians (or HRE in earlier period), over and over again.
So revolutionary France and Napoleon fighting there, was just an continuation of that.
Napoleon wasn't Emperor yet, when he fought in Italy, but build the reputation that would make his coup possible.
When you finish Napoleonic Wars and Marshals, you should look at 30 years war from Kings and Generals. It's pretty interesting and as Napoleonic wars really important for Europe in general, because it somewhat normalised other religions than Catholic Christianity in Europe, but mostly Protestantism.
King Charles X ... King of France 1824 - 30
Reaction history Of Blas de Lezo Battle Of Cartagena Of Indias please
A Dragoon is a designation for a type of cavalry, along with Lancers and hussars.
Originally, dragoons were mounted infantry.
Italy and Egypt are not covered yet, but in short, After Toulon Napoleon participate in the destruction of the Royalist army, and then launched a campaign in Italy, ending the first coalition, then at the begining of the second coalition he invaded Malta and Egypt, before returning to France, deal a Coup against the "Thermidorian faction", and won in Italy again, thus winning the war of the second coalition
Davout was the best. Check out the book "The Iron Marshal" about him. He was something else!
21:50 You are referering I think of the Battle of Jumonville Glen were Washington commanded an attack on a French envoy party. I suggest reading it's wikipedia article. A interesting read on the murky nature of the fighting in the colonies between France and the British crown.
You should react to the queens birthday parade on the 12th June.