This is all true. But volcanoes do actually form subglacially. There are a few of them in Iceland right now (including the infamously tongue-twisting Eyjafjallajökull which caused all that chaos over a decade ago). And when they do, their lava meets ice and immediately flashes it to steam, which expands rapidly (explodes), shattering the lava and freezing it instantly, forming little shards of volcanic glass. Some of this glass is tiny enough to get carried away in the volcanic plume (preventing airplanes from flying in areas where the plume is drifting), while the heavier fragments loosely consolidate to form a volcanic deposit that is called hyaloclastite (which literally translates to "glass fragments"). The hyaloclastite builds up, until the glacier is completely melted above the volcano's location, and then molten lava flows atop the collection of glass fragments, making a flat-topped mountain that is only revealed when the glacier all around it completely retreats. These mountains are called "tuya" and you can see a lot of them in Iceland, but they are also present in other places, like northern British Columbia. Subglacial volcanism also produces a rather unique hazard - the dreaded jökulhlaup, or flood of glacial meltwater (melted by the volcano) released all at once when an ice dam is broken (or melted) away, allowing what is essentially a subglacial _lake_ to rapidly drain. These floods can happen during an eruption, or even many months after one (say, if an earthquake shifts the ice enough to break the dam and release the water), which makes them especially dangerous and impossible to predict. Scientists can detect collections of meltwater, but when (and how quickly) they drain is unknowable (and frequently, there are multiple river systems into which they could drain, making it hard to know which towns are in danger when the jökulhlaup happens).
Man you have got hugely different sences of scale here. Eyjafjallajokull is about 200m thick which is very different from a few km of thickness. That pressure increase is enormous so a comparison is not advised. Source: i am an icelandic geologist.
I imagine the difference is that in the Ice Age, you had glaciers that were miles thick and covered entire continents. The glaciers in modern-day iceland aren't going to be big enough to shut down vulcanism in the same way.
I love that word, Jökulhlaup. Knowing that Jökul means glacier, it sounds to me like "Glacier Splash" because Chlap (ch here is a fancy H) is the onomatopoeic verb for splashing in Polish
We have our own volcano along our Chinese border called Mount Paektu, which is according to legend the origin of the Korean people. One of the most powerful eruptions in recorded history happened there in 946, and it's long overdue to erupt again. Everyone in the DPRK must make a pilgrimage to Mount Paektu and climb to the top. I prefer to do it on horseback. It was Moon Jae-in's dream to climb it so when he visited us, he did just that and we held hands at the summit.
I prefer the epic battle of volcano versus the Avatar. Avatar Roku was sleeping with his wife on his home island when suddenly the island's volcano started to erupt. His wife and the other villagers managed to escape the island on boats while he stayed to fight the volcano before the ash got to the boats. Initially he was winning until he felt it was hopeless to stop it...until his long-time friend Fire Lord Sozin joined and helped by heat-bending (as in eliminating the heat energy from the volcano by redirecting it), but it was becoming too gaseous and thus they chose to sprint. With Roku breathing in a lot of it, he was down on his knees. He begged for Sozin to help...but Sozin betrayed him so he could start his Fire Nation empire, an empire that Roku didn't want. Roku's dragon stayed with him till the very end.
Great video as usual, thank you ! It brings me to a question : I often read that snowball earth events were ended thanks to volcanism ("Global warming associated with large accumulations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over millions of years, emitted primarily by volcanic activity, is the proposed trigger for melting a snowball Earth", Wikipedia). But how can it be, if all the surface was covered with ice? (Maybe not all, and just a little bit with volcanos could suffice?)
Yes exactly note that the volcanism which was associated with the Snowball Earth episodes of the Neoproterozoic was what is known as Large Igneous Provinces akin to the Siberian traps or Deccan traps. The sheer scale of such volcanic systems in this case relating to the ongoing rifting apart of the Super Continent Rodinia is unlike anything we humans have ever seen. The last volcanism event of similar magnitude of extent was back in the Oligocene. (note that timescales of ~30 million years with several million years of volcanic eruptions are fairly typical for this kind of giant Flood basalts) And no The Columbia river flood basalts weren't a "real" Large Igneous province being more of a pseudo province as the Yellowstone hotspot had to burn its way through the Farallon plate and the North American continent above. Despite claims to the contrary there is no known impact events linked to the Snowball glaciation though this doesn't rule out the possibility as there are similarities in changes to sea floor spreading and a potential over abundance of lunar impact craters around 800 Ma just before the *onset* of the first of the Cryogenian snowball Earth intervals. So an impact causing and or ending the Cryogenian glaciations is potentially on the table as absence of evidence is not evidence of absence but without more evidence its hard to say anything with confidence. Now the end of the earlier Huronian glaciations linked to the Great Oxygenation event do potentially owe their termination to the impact of a large asteroid/comet as there is a crater of the right age identified in Australia and modeling suggests that such a 7 km impactor striking into the ice sheets themselves could have vaporized enough water vapor for the greenhouse effect to lead to the end of the glaciation.
I have always wondered what the inside of one of those massive magma chambers would look like (with out the magma of course) would it just be like a big cave or what ? I thank it would be really neat to see it and I wonder if stuff like stalactites and stalagmites are forming in there or what
Ohhh now this one gets me right in the heart Glaciers, volcano's, puns What more could a boy want in his life? Earthquakes.... but I'll take what I can get
Makes sense. It would be interesting to know, how humanity would keep weathering against these forces, when facing new ice ages and warmer cycles in the future again. I liked this. Keep it up.
Interestingly the rapid melting of ice on Antarctica and Greenland will cause the land to spring upwards, this would cause significant movement along the tectonic boundaries of North America and Antarctica.
Así que entonces el deshielo aumentara la actividad volcánica en la tierra, en otros planetas habitables rocosos podría ser más extremo como de 1.5g, sugerencia.
This is interesting from the standpoint of how snowball Earths ended. If regular volcanism is suppressed, that should slow down CO2 release into the atmosphere. And then why the glaciers finally melt... KABOOM
That's the problem of this video, the videos seems to ignore the existence of Erebus and other tall Subglacial volcanoes that grow above the glaciers top
Volcanic eruptions can still happen with glaciers above them. This can form unique geologic formations called Tuyas. There are examples of these types of eruptions in canada and other parts of the world. Though glaciers can reduce volcanic activity, if there is enough pressure, magma can still breach them.
I bet this is how hot spots formed like yellowstone. Lava near the continental seam, forces sideways, compressed for hundreds of years, then finally free, and the olates continue to nove around
So it needs to be noted that *even thick ice sheets don't stop volcanoes entirely* despite what Minute Earth here said, the weight of the ice just makes the relative pressure that needs to be built up in order to allow a volcano to erupt much much greater. This is an important and driving process of plate tectonics since if ice was able to completely stop volcanism then subduction would be impossible as water is more dense than ice and thus exerts a greater downward pressure than an equivalent volume of ice. naturally we do see that a lot of volcanic eruptions do occur on the seafloor as without that no sea floor spreading could occur. And yes since *not all magma is formed purely from direct depressurization in the crust*. Magma also forms because as subduction pulls oceanic crust down into the mantle it forces out water and other more volatile sediment derived components which then precede to rise. In this case there is several ways this contributes to volcanism the most common being a compositional change in the melting point of rock as water becomes a larger component. Likewise compositional changes to the mantle overlying subducted crust can also causes changes in buoyancy creating hydrous mantle plumes which like thermal mantle plumes involve a large change in mantle depth and thus a flow of heat energy which builds up until released. We should be thankful this is the case as if ice sheets were able to stop volcanism entirely then plate tectonics would have shut down before it could ever start on Earth as an equivalent volume of water weighs far more than an equivalent volume of ice. Plus even if it was a property specific to just ice alone then Earth would have irreversibly frozen over during the Cryogenian and again no complex life as we know it. Another example of this is down in the Antarctic rift valleys where the spreading of the crust is still occurring and there are still volcanoes just far less activity than there would be otherwise as the ice dampens down the activity of the Antarctic rift zone. A similar situation is at play up in the Arctic though there the effects are far more dramatic as Gakkel ridge the mid ocean ridge of the Arctic while slow in its rate of spreading still does spread and erupt. Frankly it may be because of the ice sheets in the Artic that Gakkel ridge erupts in such a violent pyroclastic manner compared to most oceanic ridge systems. There has been a significant number of VEI 8 caldera forming eruptions from Gakkel ridge at least 3 but perhaps more than 7 since the initiation of glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere. Note that even now Gakkel ridge has continued to produce shockingly violent eruptions albeit at a much smaller scale than the VEI 8 super Eruptions so its explosive tendencies are much more generally present(the seafloor of the artic is much more "cold and rigid" than in typical ocean ridges.
Regarding Antarctica so we can say we will got fucked by Antarctica volcano when the ice will be melted in 500 year from now because the build up heat from sudden global warming by human activity?
@@raifikarj6698 Quite possibly? Its hard to say for sure given we haven't seen what happens when a major rift zone deglaciates rapidly but already there is evidence that the crust is responding far quicker than we had expected indicating the underlying crust is hotter and thinner than had been initially expected so in all likelihood its probably not good. The net effects are hard to say for sure but the volcanic ejecta would at the very least wreck havoc on the southern hemisphere particularly the ozone layer since high silica and alkaline rich volcanic eruptions from a continental rift zone mean substantial amounts of chlorine in the stratosphere along with volcanic ash.
Love how cute the volcanoes, magma, and glaciers look.
Yeah especially at 2:01, poor little magma puddle getting yelled at by the glacier
engineer gaming
@@PramkLuna Makes me hate glaciers so much. 😠
They all look cute until global warming rids us of glaciers and all the volcanoes roar back, adding even more heating gases.
also the ice age squirrel
This is all true. But volcanoes do actually form subglacially. There are a few of them in Iceland right now (including the infamously tongue-twisting Eyjafjallajökull which caused all that chaos over a decade ago). And when they do, their lava meets ice and immediately flashes it to steam, which expands rapidly (explodes), shattering the lava and freezing it instantly, forming little shards of volcanic glass. Some of this glass is tiny enough to get carried away in the volcanic plume (preventing airplanes from flying in areas where the plume is drifting), while the heavier fragments loosely consolidate to form a volcanic deposit that is called hyaloclastite (which literally translates to "glass fragments"). The hyaloclastite builds up, until the glacier is completely melted above the volcano's location, and then molten lava flows atop the collection of glass fragments, making a flat-topped mountain that is only revealed when the glacier all around it completely retreats. These mountains are called "tuya" and you can see a lot of them in Iceland, but they are also present in other places, like northern British Columbia.
Subglacial volcanism also produces a rather unique hazard - the dreaded jökulhlaup, or flood of glacial meltwater (melted by the volcano) released all at once when an ice dam is broken (or melted) away, allowing what is essentially a subglacial _lake_ to rapidly drain. These floods can happen during an eruption, or even many months after one (say, if an earthquake shifts the ice enough to break the dam and release the water), which makes them especially dangerous and impossible to predict. Scientists can detect collections of meltwater, but when (and how quickly) they drain is unknowable (and frequently, there are multiple river systems into which they could drain, making it hard to know which towns are in danger when the jökulhlaup happens).
engineer gaming
Man you have got hugely different sences of scale here. Eyjafjallajokull is about 200m thick which is very different from a few km of thickness. That pressure increase is enormous so a comparison is not advised.
Source: i am an icelandic geologist.
I imagine the difference is that in the Ice Age, you had glaciers that were miles thick and covered entire continents. The glaciers in modern-day iceland aren't going to be big enough to shut down vulcanism in the same way.
I love that word, Jökulhlaup. Knowing that Jökul means glacier, it sounds to me like "Glacier Splash" because Chlap (ch here is a fancy H) is the onomatopoeic verb for splashing in Polish
@@RhodianColossus It's more akin to a Glacial run or stampede
The best song of ice and fire
How did you watch this 18 h ago? Is this a glitch?
Nice
Are tou from the future Cerosis?
@@Durio_zibethinus Thanks for telling me about it. Never knew about it.
@@pansumyintmo8983 no problem 👍
This is why ice type is super effective against ground type
Perhaps, but i think its mainly because ice forming in the ground causes cracks and sinkholes
@@Nazuikoand permafrost!!!!!!!!!
@@Nazuiko Same principle.
Apparently, not everyone saw what you did there.
Yes😂
Love how you added two volcanoes on the Reykjanes peninsula to indicate the two seperate eruptions that are currently happening
Thanks for working hard to educate us. I appreciate y’all in the minuteearth team! Thanks for edutaining us
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Your bot is broken.
Holy- I got a heart from minuteearth! :o
@@Bxll_Bxll who asked
@@ProfessionalBugLover Very nice of you
"It's geologic dance to a real song of ice and fire."
That quote. Just wow ❤
engineer gaming
IKR? So poetic 😍.
better than s8 😰
A dance of fire and ice
If you think that is a good quote then you're pretty uneducated
Having the glacier as a thwomp is a nice little detail that I enjoy
Love the Thwomp face 🤣
We have our own volcano along our Chinese border called Mount Paektu, which is according to legend the origin of the Korean people. One of the most powerful eruptions in recorded history happened there in 946, and it's long overdue to erupt again. Everyone in the DPRK must make a pilgrimage to Mount Paektu and climb to the top. I prefer to do it on horseback. It was Moon Jae-in's dream to climb it so when he visited us, he did just that and we held hands at the summit.
.
what is the bit here? this is literally what happened
@@TheRealBFKelleher There is no bit, just spitting information about our country others might not know about. Not that deep, bro
:)
We must make it mandatory for everyone on earth to make a pilgrimage to Mount Paeku
Very interesting. I’m my geology class we just learned about Glaciers. There’s a lot more too them then I originally thought
Did this also happen during snowball earth or does it only apply to volcanos over continental plates, not oceanic ones?
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax why'd you just write your own name
@@bijeshshrestha2450 engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax secret unknown
Only over continental plates, since only the top layer of the ocean was frozen over and most of the water under that was unfrozen
Admit it, many of you have that image of Aokiji and Akainu staring each other down...
engineer gaming
definitely
I want to see Kuzan using attack called "Immense Preassure" now lmao
Which mean Aokiji may had tried sitting on Akainu to stop him from erupt but failed and lost a leg
Eggsacly 😂
I prefer the epic battle of volcano versus the Avatar. Avatar Roku was sleeping with his wife on his home island when suddenly the island's volcano started to erupt. His wife and the other villagers managed to escape the island on boats while he stayed to fight the volcano before the ash got to the boats. Initially he was winning until he felt it was hopeless to stop it...until his long-time friend Fire Lord Sozin joined and helped by heat-bending (as in eliminating the heat energy from the volcano by redirecting it), but it was becoming too gaseous and thus they chose to sprint. With Roku breathing in a lot of it, he was down on his knees. He begged for Sozin to help...but Sozin betrayed him so he could start his Fire Nation empire, an empire that Roku didn't want. Roku's dragon stayed with him till the very end.
Ironic. he had the power to save others from death, *but not himself*
engineer gaming
why do i see you everywhere
huh roku you mean like the tv (ive never watched avatar before)
Makes my day when I see another minute earth video pop up! ☺️
engineer gaming
One of the best channels where I can find answers to my shower thoughts.
I have a new respect for glaciers
😁
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax engineer gaming
I love the reference at 1:23
2:05 the volcano looks so happy :)
Great video as usual, thank you ! It brings me to a question :
I often read that snowball earth events were ended thanks to volcanism ("Global warming associated with large accumulations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over millions of years, emitted primarily by volcanic activity, is the proposed trigger for melting a snowball Earth", Wikipedia). But how can it be, if all the surface was covered with ice? (Maybe not all, and just a little bit with volcanos could suffice?)
It’s large accumulations over millions of years, so I suppose a few volcanoes can do the job, just much slower than if there were more of course
Perhaps asteroid impacts kick start the process.
Not volcanoes, comet impact.
Yes exactly note that the volcanism which was associated with the Snowball Earth episodes of the Neoproterozoic was what is known as Large Igneous Provinces akin to the Siberian traps or Deccan traps. The sheer scale of such volcanic systems in this case relating to the ongoing rifting apart of the Super Continent Rodinia is unlike anything we humans have ever seen. The last volcanism event of similar magnitude of extent was back in the Oligocene. (note that timescales of ~30 million years with several million years of volcanic eruptions are fairly typical for this kind of giant Flood basalts) And no The Columbia river flood basalts weren't a "real" Large Igneous province being more of a pseudo province as the Yellowstone hotspot had to burn its way through the Farallon plate and the North American continent above.
Despite claims to the contrary there is no known impact events linked to the Snowball glaciation though this doesn't rule out the possibility as there are similarities in changes to sea floor spreading and a potential over abundance of lunar impact craters around 800 Ma just before the *onset* of the first of the Cryogenian snowball Earth intervals. So an impact causing and or ending the Cryogenian glaciations is potentially on the table as absence of evidence is not evidence of absence but without more evidence its hard to say anything with confidence.
Now the end of the earlier Huronian glaciations linked to the Great Oxygenation event do potentially owe their termination to the impact of a large asteroid/comet as there is a crater of the right age identified in Australia and modeling suggests that such a 7 km impactor striking into the ice sheets themselves could have vaporized enough water vapor for the greenhouse effect to lead to the end of the glaciation.
Mylankovic cycles
aww the faces on the volcanos and glaciers are so cute! I like the thwomp face on the glacier haha
When you see the glaciers face and hear the Mario block "ugghhh" in your brain
Hehe, that glacier has a thwomp face on it!
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
2:22 FINALLY, ICELAND AUCTUALLY HAS ICE!
Volcanoland
This is a cool video, I love to learn about stuff like this. Thanks for the upload! 😄
Finally, admirals fight at punk hazard reveal.
When the Glacier is away. The Volcanoes will play
imma be honest i didn't expect this to rock so hard as it did , but it rocked so hard it skipped the mountain stage and now i have a volcano !
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
The angry glacier face was gold.
Thwomp Glacier Thwomp Glacier
Gotta love the detail of the glacier being a thwomp
These illustrations give me life
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
How much are you going to spam?
Now this is amazingly cool. I never knew this!
The animations are freaking adorable.
Also: Winter is coming..................eventually.
I have always wondered what the inside of one of those massive magma chambers would look like (with out the magma of course) would it just be like a big cave or what ? I thank it would be really neat to see it and I wonder if stuff like stalactites and stalagmites are forming in there or what
I don't think Stala-things would form but would it look anything like a lava lamp? :0
The battle between cold and hot has started since a long time before civilization.
I really like this narrator. The best on the minute earth by far
Such a good thumbnail, I was very pleased when the video was also good.
Akainu vs Aokiji already proved that volcano will win in a fight.
I'd never heard about this before! Thanks so much for sharing!
Ohhh now this one gets me right in the heart
Glaciers, volcano's, puns
What more could a boy want in his life?
Earthquakes.... but I'll take what I can get
If I was that magma, I wouldn’t rise if that glacier gave me that face.
Volcano: *Gasp* You took, everything from mee!
Glacier: Nuh UHH
Just a typical MinuteEarth video covering thousands of years old geology .
Makes sense.
It would be interesting to know, how humanity would keep weathering against these forces, when facing new ice ages and warmer cycles in the future again.
I liked this. Keep it up.
Finally something that I didn't already know. And, best of all, not fluffed out to 20 minutes with useless info and stuff that I already know.
By the way you're my favorite TH-cam channel
It's Aokiji vs Akainu.
Their faces omg! Its so cute!! 😍🤩
This is really simple yet valuable information
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax what's that?
@@zainabkhan2475 they’re spamming. Just report then
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
1:25 Poor Scrat. He's been through enough.
Scrat: NOOO
I LOVE THE THUMBNAIL! IT"S SO CUTE ARGHHH!!
The thwomp faces makes it so much better lmao
"When the glaciers finally went away - The volcanoes came out to play." LoL !!!!!
This is way too entertaining for the subject matter
Ask the Titanic if it wants to encounter either a volcano or an ice glacier
soon enough this will become a pure hypothetical
Glaciers, in general: "Sorry, volcanoes, hold it in."
Mount St Helens, 2004-2008: "Hold my beer, watch this!"
Gotta love how the glacier has the face of a Thwomp, LMAO
Water, the only major rock on Earth that gets to be lava at surface temperature and pressure.
Interestingly the rapid melting of ice on Antarctica and Greenland will cause the land to spring upwards, this would cause significant movement along the tectonic boundaries of North America and Antarctica.
1:09 haha glacier go URGH
Thank you for amazing content. It is very educational and fun
Valcano:I will eeupt
Glacier:So you have choosen death?
Alright we need a Japanese Kaiju type movie where its Volcano vs Glacier, imagine all their special attacks 😁
You mean Coalossal/Heatran vs. Avalugg
Good video and game of thrones reference, your videos are always interesting.
Así que entonces el deshielo aumentara la actividad volcánica en la tierra, en otros planetas habitables rocosos podría ser más extremo como de 1.5g, sugerencia.
You get an awesome myth about a lava sledding competition gone wrong
1:23 Scrat was so over the top and then crushing him with his arm and acorn sticking out 😂😂😂
0:11 THE THWOMP FACE I CANT-
I appreciate most all of the glaciers in this video method acting thwomps
Cool explanation. Thanks
So many mysteries in the heart of our planet !
Hehe thwomp glacier go brrrrr
This video is both iced and fire.
That glacier's angry face made me laugh 😂
It was Scrat that caught ME off guard.
engineer gaming
It's Thwomp's face
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
When magma meets ice, ice looses it's leg.
😁 Akainu 🔥 vs Avokiji ❄️
Glaciers: “How to beat fire mountains…..let’s smother it”
Imagine they literally get sponsored by A Dance of Fire and Ice
Bro almost summoned the Object Show Community with this one 🥶🥶🥶
This is interesting from the standpoint of how snowball Earths ended. If regular volcanism is suppressed, that should slow down CO2 release into the atmosphere.
And then why the glaciers finally melt... KABOOM
That's the problem of this video, the videos seems to ignore the existence of Erebus and other tall Subglacial volcanoes that grow above the glaciers top
It's ironic to see a fiery ice glacier caricature fave and a cool volcanic face!
Volcanic eruptions can still happen with glaciers above them. This can form unique geologic formations called Tuyas. There are examples of these types of eruptions in canada and other parts of the world. Though glaciers can reduce volcanic activity, if there is enough pressure, magma can still breach them.
I love the angry face of those glaciers.
"Hey, you seem really cool!" "Thanks buddy, you're pretty hot!"
I’m surprised you resisted showing Fire type Darmanitan Unova and Ice type Darmanitan Galar
The glaciers simply have a type advantage
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
those are... thomb faces from Super Mario, right? xD
Alright where's Volcano Nester, apparently we gotta duel!
Very interesting indeed.
So... youre saying that ice types should be super effective agaimst fire, or fire ground, types?
Thanks friend!
Hello from Iceland
( The land of fire and ice )
Trully a battle that will be lengendary
Iceland: I'm on both sides so I always come out on top.
Thank you so much for the effort. I let my comment and like to feed the algorithm 👏 love you guys
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
2:34 I see what you did there.
"And when the glaciers finaly went away, the volcanoes came out to play"
I bet this is how hot spots formed like yellowstone. Lava near the continental seam, forces sideways, compressed for hundreds of years, then finally free, and the olates continue to nove around
awesome, thanks for telling us!
So it needs to be noted that *even thick ice sheets don't stop volcanoes entirely* despite what Minute Earth here said, the weight of the ice just makes the relative pressure that needs to be built up in order to allow a volcano to erupt much much greater. This is an important and driving process of plate tectonics since if ice was able to completely stop volcanism then subduction would be impossible as water is more dense than ice and thus exerts a greater downward pressure than an equivalent volume of ice. naturally we do see that a lot of volcanic eruptions do occur on the seafloor as without that no sea floor spreading could occur.
And yes since *not all magma is formed purely from direct depressurization in the crust*. Magma also forms because as subduction pulls oceanic crust down into the mantle it forces out water and other more volatile sediment derived components which then precede to rise. In this case there is several ways this contributes to volcanism the most common being a compositional change in the melting point of rock as water becomes a larger component. Likewise compositional changes to the mantle overlying subducted crust can also causes changes in buoyancy creating hydrous mantle plumes which like thermal mantle plumes involve a large change in mantle depth and thus a flow of heat energy which builds up until released.
We should be thankful this is the case as if ice sheets were able to stop volcanism entirely then plate tectonics would have shut down before it could ever start on Earth as an equivalent volume of water weighs far more than an equivalent volume of ice. Plus even if it was a property specific to just ice alone then Earth would have irreversibly frozen over during the Cryogenian and again no complex life as we know it.
Another example of this is down in the Antarctic rift valleys where the spreading of the crust is still occurring and there are still volcanoes just far less activity than there would be otherwise as the ice dampens down the activity of the Antarctic rift zone. A similar situation is at play up in the Arctic though there the effects are far more dramatic as Gakkel ridge the mid ocean ridge of the Arctic while slow in its rate of spreading still does spread and erupt. Frankly it may be because of the ice sheets in the Artic that Gakkel ridge erupts in such a violent pyroclastic manner compared to most oceanic ridge systems.
There has been a significant number of VEI 8 caldera forming eruptions from Gakkel ridge at least 3 but perhaps more than 7 since the initiation of glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere.
Note that even now Gakkel ridge has continued to produce shockingly violent eruptions albeit at a much smaller scale than the VEI 8 super Eruptions so its explosive tendencies are much more generally present(the seafloor of the artic is much more "cold and rigid" than in typical ocean ridges.
Regarding Antarctica so we can say we will got fucked by Antarctica volcano when the ice will be melted in 500 year from now because the build up heat from sudden global warming by human activity?
@@raifikarj6698 Quite possibly? Its hard to say for sure given we haven't seen what happens when a major rift zone deglaciates rapidly but already there is evidence that the crust is responding far quicker than we had expected indicating the underlying crust is hotter and thinner than had been initially expected so in all likelihood its probably not good. The net effects are hard to say for sure but the volcanic ejecta would at the very least wreck havoc on the southern hemisphere particularly the ozone layer since high silica and alkaline rich volcanic eruptions from a continental rift zone mean substantial amounts of chlorine in the stratosphere along with volcanic ash.