Dark reaction of Photosynthesis | Calvin Cycle |

The Calvin cycle is anabolic, building carbohydrates from smaller molecules and consuming energy. Carbon enters the Calvin cycle in the form of CO2 and leaves in the form of sugar. The cycle spends ATP as an energy source and consumes NADPH as reducing power for adding high-energy electrons to make the sugar.
Calvin cycle performed in three Phases, Phase 1: Carbon fixation. The Calvin cycle incorporates each CO2 molecule, one at a time, by attaching it to a five-carbon sugar named ribulose bisphosphate (abbreviated RuBP). The enzyme that catalyzes this first step is RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase, or rubisco. (This is the most abundant protein in chloroplasts and is also thought to be the most abundant protein on Earth.) The product of the reaction is a six-carbon intermediate that is short-lived because it is so energetically unstable that it immediately splits in half, forming two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (for each CO2 fixed).
Phase 2: Reduction. Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate receives an additional phosphate group from ATP, becoming 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Next, a pair of electrons donated from NADPH reduces 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, which also loses a phosphate group in the process, becoming glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Specifically, the electrons from NADPH reduce a carboyxl group on 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to the aldehyde group of G3P, which stores more potential energy. G3P is a sugar-the
same three-carbon sugar formed in glycolysis by the splitting of glucose.
Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP). In a complex series of reactions, the carbon skeletons of five molecules of G3P are rearranged by the last steps of the Calvin cycle into three molecules of RuBP. To accomplish this, the cycle spends three more molecules of ATP. The
RuBP is now prepared to receive CO2 again, and the cycle continues.
For the net synthesis of one G3P molecule, the Calvin cycle consumes a total of nine molecules of ATP and six molecules of NADPH. The light reactions regenerate the ATP and NADPH.
#DarkReaction
#LightIndependentReaction

[@waleeja9743]

Professional teacher who's actually knows how to deliver concept 🥰💞

[@muhdmahyar5189]

Outstanding I have watched many lectures of calvin cycle but in the way u r giving concept is just brilliant ❤

[@randomguy7767]

these things are more interesting when u are not forced to learn these

[@kazamalishakir96]

yes

[@bismashakir1748]

Exactly

[@AyushGaming_FFx]

Yes 😂

[@sharvanipatelbashetty9411]

Accepted

[@youtubeprashu5783]

Y

[@hazarabaloch786]

Asslam O alaikum Sir
It's me Hazara Baloch first of all thankyou so much sir you provided us more than our coaching teachers and entry test preparation sir your way of teaching and and some shortcuts, tips wallah today Iam doing MBBS at gambat medical college thank so much sir 🙏🙏🙏

[@mohdazhar5345]

From pakistan?

[@shreya.mishra.]

Well explained.
Thanks sir 🙏🏻 from India ☺️🥰

[@noormuhammadnoor-i7u]

Sir , your lectures are very helpful .May Allah bless you a great success .☺🙂

[@meerubamad4036]

Amazing explanation.... understood everything..... thank u so much ❤

[@MuhammadAsif-ph2us]

Sir you are a Great great teacher of bio (from Pakistan)

[@mohammadashraf9177]

Excellent professor of Biology

[@mubieditor5200]

Thankyou so much sir your way of teaching is very informative'interesting and besutiful۔۔۔۔۔ your markers help me to understand all things seperetly and clearly🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉

[@Jjjjjkkkjjk]

Now i can understand all the things releated to photosynthesis in my life. ❤❤❤

[@ahsanhaider4847]

Sir your helpful lecture helps me about this concept. Very good sir 👍👍👍 thanks

[@bhavnishgarg526]

This video helped me a lot great explanation and your diagrams are really good

[@arayishkausar8422]

Tons of gratitude 🙏🤗

[@ahsanshah6642]

You're the best teacher ever 💞

[@arzoomalhotra9896]

Very well explained 👏 love from India

[@MahnoorShahzadiMahnoorShahzadi]

Nice lecture ❤sir. Ap bht acha parhaty ha ap ki bht avhi samj ati ha thanks you so much sir❤❤

[@bnkkakar9912]

Excellent sir but sir book ma 1 or cheez b liki ha o apna explain nhi kia NADPH sa reduction k baad six inorganic phosphate be nikalte ha phosphoglyceric acid sa

[@CharmCentral]

I love the way u explain sir ❤❤❤ thank u so much ❤❤❤❤

[@user-sb7ip3ef8g]

Aslamualikum sir .....sir apka yh andaz salam krna ka bht khoobsurat ha ❤❤❤

[@mahazhm955]

Outstanding lecture 👏

[@waqarali-qc6zn]

You are right

[@abudajana]

good lecture

[@Learniverse.38]

Sir at time of 3: 36. You say that light reaction take place in stroma. But I think sir according to your previous lecture light reaction take place in granum of chloroplast

[@durenayab989]

Yes..or we can say that light reactions can take place in thylakoid membrane??

[@ShakeelAhmad-r4w]

Yes light reaction take place in granum of chloroplast and dark reaction take place in storma of chloroplast​@@durenayab989

[@AnnaShah-q6t]

No bcuz dark reactions take place in stoma only

[@hamdankhan1671]

After this lecture I easily understand 👍

[@abhishekandrushikeshmundhe4405]

Sir you said wrong
3:33 light reaction occurs in thallakoid membrane
Dark reaction occurs in stroma

[@mahnoorgul8870]

Tnx a lot Sir, tomorrow z my Mdcat practice test,n I was too worried for these cycles n finally got it🥰💓💓💓💓

[@KhalidMahmood-xc5zy]

sir! your lecture is very helpful

[@AmmanAli-q7z]

Best skills sir ♥️

[@kamranafridi3724]

Sir PGAL is having phosphate but glucose is not having

[@Kittu024]

Amazing sirr jiiii ♥️ I was afraid k kaise cover karungi ye concept padhke samajh ni aara tha videos dekh k bhi samajh ni aara tha but aapke video ne pura concept crystal clear kar diyaa ☺️❤️✨ lots of love from Maharashtra

[@Jamshaidkhan.5965]

Outstanding teacher ❤

[@MUSICIANARSH]

The efforts you make to help us to reach out these things are just lovely shukriya sir❤

[@anaya3530]

✨🔥🔥❤️ brilliant explanation

[@waqarali-qc6zn]

Very nice

[@mansoorsbiology7544]

Thank you for amazing lecture 🙏

[@palashhazra5597]

Outstanding sir , you are too good

[@deepikakharb172]

Amazing description 🎉

[@eshaalansari4726]

Amazing lecture😍

[@user-vy5pg8hc3z]

Interesting lecture sir

[@sayedrehanzaib]

Sir G Mashallah
Great method of teaching and lecture.
Where are you live.

[@TahiraSajjad-wl5dg]

nice methodology of teaching Sir🎉🎉🎉

[@angleofmanchester601]

What is difference between PGAL and G3P

[@nikeshsingh7455]

Best Explanation sir 🙏

[@munazzabatool1133]

Allah Pak Aap ko sehat Wali Lambi Zindagi aata Farmayen Ameen Sum Ameen

[@RiazAhmad-ch9no]

Excellent sir

[@babaraziz7827]

You are just wow dude❤

[@AreeshahKhan-s1h]

Thank youu sir its outstanding ❤

[@AhmadmueedAhmadmueed-np8ck]

One of the best teacher

[@kamranafridi3724]

Sir unstable first formed compound had two phosphate where the one go

[@ahmadsaleem6063]

How water is produced in Calvin cycle?

[@munazzabatool1133]

You are the best Masha Allah

[@munawarhussain9690]

Well present 😊

[@aorangzebsoomro3962]

Clear teaching way 😊

[@IrfanAli-hq5rt]

Outstanding lecture sir👍

[@user-pg9vm2cv6v]

Sir food web or food chain ki b lecture video banae please

[@shaheer1089]

Sir jaha pe reduction hoti hai to waha pe phosphoglyceraldehyde sy wo doosra phosphate kaha gaya ??? Sir vo doosra vala phosphate to aap ne show nhi kiya😕

[@abrahambaloch7499]

That is released to make glucose

[@b-151nazia6]

Wo ak inorganic phosphate nikl jata he

[@godgamer9505]

Sir jii sach ma aapka pda hua ma kbhi nhi bhulti bhut bhut bhut acha pdate ho

[@syedbilal9725]

Thanks sir.. 😋😜

[@syedbilal9725]

Brilliant explanation

[@WASIMKHAN-cv1em]

Great lecture. Totally amazing👍

[@shahzad7773]

Nice thanks 😊

[@FatimaNoor-cp6vn]

Outstanding,Brilliant lecture Sir as always.😊👏

[@biologicalsciencelectures7057]

sir Calvin cycle complete hony me kitna time lagta he

[@IshratJahan-lz5bb]

Light reaction occurs in grana not stroma .second6 pgal ,out of 6 pgal only one molecule of pgal make glucose remaining 5 pgal responsible to regenerate rubp

[@surriyatufail2976]

sir regeneration of rubp me apne phosphate ka nahi bataya??

[@emanbaig1108]

best concept building 😍

[@creavitycorner786]

Well explained... Through diagrams.....

[@powerofknowledgeacademy]

Glad it helped

[@akd.33]

thank you for the notes in description and for this explanation

[@waqarahmadvlogs5649]

Awesome 🥀

[@muhammadfurqanshaikh7770]

Assalamualaikum
Regeneration phase ma ATP kese ai?
could you please explain

[@AwaisKhan-gn8df]

Sir is PGAL mai another P kaha giya ?

[@maheenfatima4707]

Very well explained 🥰🥰☺️ thanks you so much 🥰🥰😌 your every lecture is wonderful 😊😊🥰

[@hamadkhan3268]

Thanks sir for amazing explain.

[@syedbilal9725]

You are right

[@AliHassanSalem]

Qasm se sir bara heavy samjaya ha maza a gaya love u hogaya

[@CatherineRoye]

Nice ❤❤❤

[@Mir.hasnainmagsi11]

Sir light reaction occurs in thylakoid you said that it occurs in stroma how

[@RehmatkhanRehmatkhan-c8x]

Sorry sir light reaction occurs in thylakoid membrane but not in stroma

[@sameerali-ru3bi]

Mashallah sir mind blowing

[@safiullahkhan7122]

Good excellent lecture I didn't see such kind explanation.

[@eshch206]

Sir phopate kese aaai regenration m

[@Echinodermata0]

3:35 major mistake.
Light rxn does not occur in stroma.
Major MCQ mistake. Just pointing out.

[@farzeenmajeed4372]

Sir ek glucose ka molecule ki formation ka ley Calvin cycle 6 times run kry ga ?

[@shahzebmemon6942]

Assalamualaikum sir iam your one of online student and mujhe question he ki as we know ki in the dark reaction oxygen is not our product but glucose is,So hamara jo second step he reduction jis mein caboxyl group convert ho raha he aldehyde group mein by removal of oxygen to ye jo hamen oxygen provide ho rahi he why we not consider it as a product of celvin cycle If any one knows the answer plzz let me know

[@Muslimsestahtics]

More interesting ❤️

[@vk18319]

Sir how are 9atp utilized and 6 nadph utilixed in the formation of one molecule of g3p if we have 6 g3p formed by same 9atp and 6 nadph

[@razaabbas700]

You are the best sir

[@b-151nazia6]

Sir ye reduction step me NADPH ka NADP+ me convert hona reduction kaisy he smjh nai ai .....anyone???

[@billionairegaming8981]

Thanks sir

[@SajjadAli-zl5yd]

sir please one shot leatures upload karee Mdct point of you sa

[@sohailakthar1090]

Best sir

[@sohailramzan9797]

Wrong sir
Light reaction take place in thalakoid membrane of granum not in a stroma
Ap bol rha h light reaction stroma ma hota hn

[@muizazhar9475]

This helped me a lot thanks brother

[@hamdankhan1671]

Thanku so much sir .mAy Allah give U long and happy life .💖

[@Mdashraf-ce3ft]

Thankyou sir

[@saumitrasinha6740]

Sir, isn't it dark reaction which takes place in stroma not light reaction

[@nahpanwangsu9784]

It doesn't directly use light that's why it's call light independent reaction

[@mahjsheqh]

Masallah explain 👍

[@UmarFarooq-2006]

MashaAllah*

[@asimurrehman588]

Excellent Sir 👍

[@shoaibahmed1965]

perfectly explained

[@rehmatali57]

Sir plz ch. Or topic Wise lecture dain

[@sidraraza-qu9gx]

outstanding

[@munazzabatool1133]

Jazakallah Sir

[@muskan_shaik2306]

Light reaction doesn't occur in stroma