Why are the COLDEST countries the RICHEST?

When we think of the richest countries in the world, it might be normal to assume that they are randomly distributed around the globe. However, if we look at a map of the world showing where the poorest and richest countries are located, we can see that there is a pattern. The poorest countries are concentrated in the areas that are the hottest throughout the year. That is, the poorest countries in the world are located near the equator. Backward countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, some in South America and some in Southeast Asia are located in this zone. On the other hand, the richest countries in the world and with the best standard of living are located in northern Europe and North America, that is, far from the equator, in the north or south of the planet. Even within continents, this pattern can also be seen. For example, within Africa, the richest nations are the three located in the far south of the continent: South Africa, Botswana and Namibia, and those located in the far north are also considered rich within the continent: Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia. Similarly, in South America, Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile and Uruguay have been the richest in the region for many years. So the question is: why are almost all the rich countries far from Ecuador? Or, put another way, why are almost all the countries located in the equatorial zone poor?
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