When a teenager babysitting a four year old child for a local doctor [from Pakistan] and doing counting games with her, the similarity between Welsh and Urdu [from 1 to 10] was glaringly obvious to me, though I didn't pick up on much more Urdu, apart from the words for herbs and spices, which I still use several decades on.
"Nations don't die of heart attacks. First, they lost their speech" -- Lina Kostenko, a Ukrainian poet. The Ukrainian nation is alive because it hasn't lost its language. Yesterday was the Day of the Hebrew Language. Returning to Zion started with the return of the language from liturgy to day-to-day life. So, hell yes! Hir oes i'r iaith! Lomg live the language!
A very interesting video. As a non-Celtic speaker, I had observed the large difference between Scots and Irish, and Welsh, but hadn't understood the influence of Latin on Welsh, althought I recall several cognates. Also, the earlier history of the use of horses and of bronze working was enlightening. Thank you.
I watch a lot of your videos. I'm learning Welsh using Duo. I've been learning Cymraeg for close to a year. I'm from Canada 🇨🇦. I prefer the Gogledd dialect, even though being versatile is important. Keep up the good work. Are there any books that you would recommend? Thank you for your time.
As Ovid tells in his Metamorphosis (book VIII, 260-444), the goddess Diana sent a giant wild boar to ravage the kingdom of Calydon. The king´s son, Meleager, and his beloved Atalanta organize a hunt with the help of their cousins, Castor and Pollux. Caledonia (/ˌkælɪˈdoʊniə/; Latin: Calēdonia [kaleːˈdonia]) was the Latin name used by the Roman Empire to refer to the part of Scotland that lies north of the River Forth, which includes most of the land area of Scotland. I wonder if that was the first McCullough, who Rome sent in 175CE, it does mean "Son of the Boar". hahaha Just joking, but it sounds good.
Pigs have in contrast been sacred in several religions, including the Druids of Ireland, whose priests were called "swine". One of the animals sacred to the Roman goddess Diana was the boar; she sent the Calydonian boar to destroy the land.
@@SahuMaculu Hey! 60x7=420, when did you start, every 7 minutes is 420, hahaha, I think its every 7 hours, not 7 minutes, you're not going to make through the video at that rate buddy.you're going. lol
The following is taken from an interlude on Celtic languages in Britain Begins by Barry Cunliffe. Please read and consider. Attempting to relate archaeology and language is a difficult and academically dangerous task, but it is so that we have to face if we are to attempt to write history. The hypothesis of the Atlantic origin of the Celtic languages is more in harmony with the available evidence than the myth of the eastern origin of the celt first mooted in the seventeenth century, which formed the basis of the traditional view. It is, I believe, a useful working hypothesis rather than a new myth... if the hypothesis offered here is correct, then the inhabitants of Britain and Ireland were speaking Celtic dialects by 2000 BC, and some communities, particularly in the Irish Sea zone, may have been speaking Celtic for a lot longer.
Cunliffe is an archaeologist but not a linguist. Hardly any linguist would agree with him. Yes, the first speakers of an Indo European language would have reached Britain and Ireland by 2000 BC, but that Indo European language would not have been Celtic or even proto Celtic. There is a slight chance it could have been proto Italo-Celtic (whose existence is not accepted by all linguists). The only things linguists can be sure about is that proto Italic and proto Celtic had split before 1300 BC and that Continental P Celtic had subdivided into several languages by 700 BC. The majority consensus is that the Urnfield culture (1300 BC- 750 BC) spread the Proto Celtic language and that Q Celtic split off from P Celtic very early in that culture. So it's unlikely that Q Celtic would have reached the British Isles much earlier than 1200 BC. (My personal opinion is that all of the Britain Isles spoke Q celtic for several centuries before being replaced by P Celtic from the continent some time after 800 BC.)
@ I’m aware that Cunliffe is an archaeologist but he has read the theories of paleo linguists and written a thesis around their findings. What linguists are these who don’t agree with him? So if your ‘personal opinions’ have been informed such rigorous research then fine.
@I find the case of the Ordovices interesting. Their name is distinctly Celtic yet their identity is ancient. Ordos is believed to proto Celtic for hammer, but the hammers that the ordovicians produced were what we now refer to as the granite axes manufactured in Penmaenmawr in Conwy. These axes along with the identity of this tribe is Neolithic. Are we then to believe that a few incomers managed to convince all the early tribes to change their names and forget their own ethnonyms and the identities that went along with them? Whomever came to Britain in boats in the bce timeframe did not come to conquer. Before the romans nobody had the means nor the purpose for doing so. A small number of these supposed eastern Celts would not have had the capability to overhaul the existing language of Britain en masse just because they brought with them some wares from the continent. Even the Roman Empire didn’t replace Brythonic languages during their 400 years, and that was an invasion and aggressive takeover.
@@BenLlywelyn this thesis states that Celtic culture was born of the Atlantic branch of PIE. the more scrutiny I personally give to it the more I’m finding it makes sense. I think I’ve suggested a research based theory on the elusive origin of the ethnonym ‘Celt’ in your comment section before, Ben. It’s a real shame and an academic loss that so few linguists are Welsh speaking. There has been an undeniable trend of ignoring our language for research purposes. For what it worth, I’m going to point a few things out: The oldest word we have in Welsh for our land is Gwalia. This is the true origin of the word Wales (no, it was never an Anglo Saxon word meaning stranger or similar. That’s just Victorian age English propaganda). The Phoenicians referred to Britain and environs as a land of plenty. The word ‘Gwala’ in Welsh means abundance. The suffix -ia placed onto gwala gives that meaning; plentiful land. It makes sense that these people would adopt this name as an identifier as it has wholly positive connotations. The gal- morpheme can be seen throughout Europe. The Celtic from the West hypothesis states its origin as the Atlantic zone, possibly even Britain itself. The language used by these Atlantic Europeans did not change overnight. It seems that this Celtic identity is just a chapter in their story. The superior bronze technology these Britons had would have been advantageous and aided their migrations eastwards. Just to finish I’d like to point out that many Welsh words closely resemble those offered by PIE linguists, some are almost identical. EG, the PIE ‘gene’ (hard g and final E is vocalised) has evolved into many variants and contexts (genius, generation, nation etc) but its aboriginal meaning is given as ‘birth’. The Welsh word for birth is ‘geni’ which is almost identical to its original hypothesised form. Bear in mind that Britain is an island and although people from the continent came in numbers to trade and even settle, but these migrants were not conquerors in the way the Romans were. So a picture is emerging of an island with a language that was isolated for aeons with little influence from outside and hence little change on its words and nomenclature.
With regard to mtDNA, perhaps the reason for far less information is that relatively few female remains are either found or tested? I note that a single sample that I can find has my haplogroup [H1au1b] is the [male] Karlsdorf specimen [KAR6a] circa ca 5207-5070 BC. Eupedia is not very useful either, mostly lumping into H & V. Whilst it does give some information of H1, with appropriate countries, there is no mention of Welsh. I have also hunted high and low trying to find the haplogroups for the Paviland Cave specimen, dating from circa 30±3Kya - if anyone here has to these data, please tell me.
The "Old Testiment" isn't the same as the Torah. It's mostly the same books as the Tanakh, but it's in a different order and there are some differences in which books are considered cannon.
Welsh ARE Celts/Galt/Galatae/Gall/Walloon/Gael. Playing telephone without written script gets the letters and sounds altered. WELSH AND GAEILGE DEVELOPED IN ARMORICA, IRELAND, PORTUGAL, CORNWALL (horn-Of-the-Gall). Semitic grammar in Celtic lang did NOT develop in Central Europe. It developed in Britain and Brittany. The precursors of the Celts WERE the bronze smiths of the Unitice Culture of Bohemia. Their West-IE language became the basis for the Celtic lang in Armorica, Cornwall, Ireland. “Welsh” is cognate with Galatae and Keltoi. These phonetic differences are differences in dialect - NOT etymon. K-L-T or K/G-L-T is the tri-consonantal etymon, signifying “able, strong”. The consonant sounds are the same mutes. Dialects of Welisch/Welsh/Walloon WERE the first European lingua franca of the trade in copper and tin (Llandudno copper and Cornwall tin) during the Early European Bronze Age.
For those who are interested: the part about "Italo-Celtic" is completely outdated. Instead, Italo-Celto-Germanic, represented by haplogroup R1b-L51 originated in Early Bronze Age Yamna territory. They are also found in Kalmykia, Don region, Volga region, Romania and Serbia, all around 2900-2600 BC. From 2500-2400 BC onwards, those people migrated up to Central Germany and from there they colonized southwestward creating a shared genetic continuum from and including southwestern Germany, Switzerland, western Austria, on to France (except the northern coast), into Iberia and all the way to western Iberia. This genetic continuum was never shared with Britain; only the language was shared. That shared ancestry is made up of the following 3 components: Atlantic (Megalithic), Gedrosian (Western Yamna and Corded Ware), and Northwestern European (Mesolithic component highly correlated with Italo-Celto-Germanic, reaching down to southwestern Iberia and northern Italy). The Celtic languages can only have entered Britain in 2,400 BC according to the latest research agreed upon by the Max Planck Institute, David Reich, Johannes Krause and all other current major academic experts. No current academic researcher suggests any more recent dates for the entry of Celtic languages into Britain.
@@jboss1073 With reference to your last paragraph : The 2400 BC migration into the British Isles was the Beaker Folk who could not have spoken a Celtic language then since Celtic had not emerged from Indo-European. A recent DNA study found that there was another wave of immigration into southern Britain from northern France around 1000BC that brought in people who had higher levels of EEF than the existing population. Some have speculated that this later migration brought the first Celtic language to Britain. As such , the Celtic languages may then have spread through the rest of the British Isles through cultural exchange rather than through migration.
Celtic is much older in Britain because these,, celts,, start with haplogroup I2a 😂. Like Cheddar man,the oldeat british skeleton, he looked like me and he spoke vulgar latin, proto indoeuropean =romanian language. The picts were also mostly haplogroup I2a, celts, that spoke vulgar latin, the guys that built Stonehenge. Very long ago there were only celts(vulgar latin speakers) in Europe with some african related languages like the basques in the southernmost Europe ( traced by the african haplogroup E1b ).
@ "I don't see how 2,400 bce makes any sense for Celtic in Britain, as Celtic would not have emerged as a language by that point." You're right, it was Pre-Celtic by that point, please read the Celto-Germanic papers by John T. Koch.
@ "A recent DNA study found that there was another wave of immigration into southern Britain from northern France around 1000BC that brought in people who had higher levels of EEF than the existing population. " I know the paper you're referencing, it talks about 1000-875 BC, but there is no plausible reason to believe that actually brought Celtic there, since once again, John T. Koch's Celto-Germanic papers' timeline is the one that most agrees with independent research by the Max Planck Institute, David Reich and Johannes Krause. "As such , the Celtic languages may then have spread through the rest of the British Isles through cultural exchange rather than through migration." Yes they might, but then this actually raises a bigger problem to solve regarding which languages were spoken in Britain and why there's no evidence of anything other than Celtic there. It is actually less plausible. Koch's timeline is the most plausible and it agrees with independent research done by the Max Planck Institute with its many different academics working together from different fields.
The British Isles were the source of ALL Druids and all tin in the entire Bronze Age. Q-Celtic developed in the Copper Age. P and Q mutations exist in Bronze Age Italy.
I think you are being confused with terminology (Celts, Yamnaya, etc). It’s more “sciency” but actually clearer to think of the migratory Indo-Europeans by their Y DNA haplogroups. For example, the Indo-Europeans who populated Britain and Ireland circa 2500 BCE bore the paternal Y DNA haplogroup R-L21. We don’t know what happened to the Neolithic men but their paternal lines have largely disappeared. The confusion is due to the Indo-European language spoken by those IE migrants being close to the language of people later described as Celts by Greeks and Romans. Those Celts are also on the same Y DNA branch as the R-L21 men in Britain and Ireland. It’s no surprise that their languages were closely related. DNA is providing a clearer and significantly clearer picture of history than have Medieval scribes and modern scholars with axes to grind instead of a passion for truth.
DNA does not tell us what language people spoje. As for Celtic Language, such a thing could not have existed in 2500 bce, so I have a different opinion
Q-Celtic classification is a bit of an anachronism. Gaeilge is more variant from Bretonnic than Polish is from Russian. They NEVER HAD A SINGLE COMMON PARENT LANGUAGE !!!!!!!!!
Comment type number 1: people of the levant or unwitting defenders of their ideology who have always tried to prevent the idea of European culture before Christianity. (subtle political agendas) Comment type number 2: Hubris, arrogance, nit-picking. Lazy critiquing of another mans work from your ivory tower, now with just enough self awareness to just about avoid starting your critique with your trademark: "ACTUALEEE". (subtlety boosting self esteem) Comment type number 3: People who choose to subscribe to your channel because they find they enjoy your content, for reasons such as brining a relaxing and relatively digestible insight to a large and forgotten and fascinating almost hidden chapter of our past. GODIDOG! Diolch
Yamnaya - a clever way of not saying Hebrew migration after the fall of Assyria. As for Morgannwg (Gwent and Glamorgan), there are some serious reasons as to why it's the Black hole of Wales. The Gogs descend from Cunedda of the old north, while The southerners come from the Silurian Princess Claudia, daughter of Caradog. Also, the Angles were really the deceangli (that's why the house of Aberffraw and Wessex both have the dragon a few centuries later). I play Crusader kings 3 and you can see something strange is up with Gwent as its flag in the 800s has the Fluer De-Lis, a full 3 centuries before it was present in Wales. Brought by the Normans.
@BenLlywelyn There is no doubt that the picts place of origin is Romania, due to their DNA (haplogrup I2a originates in Romania on the Danube). These,, celts,, are much older than the Roman Empire. They are the natives there. Cheddar man, the oldest man in Britain =haplogroup I2a = he got there from Romania and there is no doubt about that. Cheddar man spoke vulgar latin, basically romanian or the british celt type language. The oldest british was romanian and spoke vulgar latin, romanian language 😂. Picts and Cheddar man are balkan, danubian race and for sure Cheddar Man spoke an indo european language 10 000 years ago, long before the anatolian farmers and the yamnaya expansion.
@@BenLlywelyn You should make a video about the oldest english, the Cheddar Man and make it scientific :instead of saying he is WHG (western hunter gatherer-a wrong term) you should say he is haplogroup I2a, like 50% of Serbs, 33% of Romanians, etc. And sardinians are majority I2a but its because its an island. Sardinians ancestors got there from Romania, very long ago, long before the greeks or the Roman Empire (they are very old) and thats why sardinian language has soo many cognate words in romanian language. The greeks and hungatians hate this haplogroup I2a, some call it slavic, others call it albanian 😂 but in reality is thracian. Immagine how old are the thracians if they have a haplogroup of their own and that they made the blonde swedes and danish(danish and blonde swedes ancestors are a new haplogroup, called I1 and their father is the thracian I2a-and also the vlinde nordics are a very recent haplogroup, just from the bronze age, not as old as I2a). Woke english historians portray Cheddar Man as black which is wrong becaus e he looked like me, like sardinians, like serbs, like Clint Eastwood. Immagine moron english saying Clint Eastwood is black and theres nothing racist about this just an inacurate portrait to suit some politicians agenda. This is not about race(race is not in the color of the skin but in the chromosomes) nationalism, sovereignity, its simply biology and common sence. Seems people lost their common sence and on one side are very right wing and mean, and on the otther side are verry left wing and mean. That is why we should know the biological truth, so that we are not manipulated by right wingers or leftists. In the land of the haplogroup I2a, we are humble and hide it. Serbs say they are slavs, romanians say they are italians and misterious dacians, and bulgarians say they are turks from Cechnia (caucasians-very few of them in Europe iet morons call every white man caucasian).
😂😂😂 Germanic ancestors are celts and the blonde nordic swedes are haplogroup I1 which means that celts from Romania with haplogroup I2a are their fathers. The oldest english, Cheddar man is I2a, celt, like the picts and he spoke vulgar latin(celtic language) .
When a teenager babysitting a four year old child for a local doctor [from Pakistan] and doing counting games with her, the similarity between Welsh and Urdu [from 1 to 10] was glaringly obvious to me, though I didn't pick up on much more Urdu, apart from the words for herbs and spices, which I still use several decades on.
Truly a video my heart has secretly desired...:) Please, do make another one on the Saxon-Frank comparison!
Thank you kindly. I will make the Saxon / Frank video though I do not know when.
@@BenLlywelyn Take your time, Benjamin.
A great effort on a very complex subject.
Thank you very much.
"Nations don't die of heart attacks. First, they lost their speech" -- Lina Kostenko, a Ukrainian poet. The Ukrainian nation is alive because it hasn't lost its language. Yesterday was the Day of the Hebrew Language. Returning to Zion started with the return of the language from liturgy to day-to-day life. So, hell yes! Hir oes i'r iaith! Lomg live the language!
Thank you good man.
You havent a clue, what you are talking about, serious lack of historical knowledge😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮
Delete this video and dont make a cloun of youself
@@Peril1230That's what you already did by spelling clown wrong you doetard 😂
So true.
A very interesting video. As a non-Celtic speaker, I had observed the large difference between Scots and Irish, and Welsh, but hadn't understood the influence of Latin on Welsh, althought I recall several cognates. Also, the earlier history of the use of horses and of bronze working was enlightening. Thank you.
You are welcome, Bill.
I watch a lot of your videos. I'm learning Welsh using Duo. I've been learning Cymraeg for close to a year. I'm from Canada 🇨🇦. I prefer the Gogledd dialect, even though being versatile is important. Keep up the good work. Are there any books that you would recommend? Thank you for your time.
Anything about learning Welsh by Heini Gruffudd will be of much help to you.
@BenLlywelyn Thank you, Sir.
Really interesting! Diolch!
Croeso!
As Ovid tells in his Metamorphosis (book VIII, 260-444), the goddess Diana sent a giant wild boar to ravage the kingdom of Calydon. The king´s son, Meleager, and his beloved Atalanta organize a hunt with the help of their cousins, Castor and Pollux.
Caledonia (/ˌkælɪˈdoʊniə/; Latin: Calēdonia [kaleːˈdonia]) was the Latin name used by the Roman Empire to refer to the part of Scotland that lies north of the River Forth, which includes most of the land area of Scotland.
I wonder if that was the first McCullough, who Rome sent in 175CE, it does mean "Son of the Boar". hahaha Just joking, but it sounds good.
Pigs have in contrast been sacred in several religions, including the Druids of Ireland, whose priests were called "swine". One of the animals sacred to the Roman goddess Diana was the boar; she sent the Calydonian boar to destroy the land.
Oink-Oink I'm a Pig too
Hey my name is Roger, hahaha, in Sumerian Gal means both Cup and Great, I'm Roger Cupps-McCullough, hahaha, Roger the Great, son of the Boar, hahaha
@@SahuMaculu Hey! 60x7=420, when did you start, every 7 minutes is 420, hahaha, I think its every 7 hours, not 7 minutes, you're not going to make through the video at that rate buddy.you're going. lol
@ My favorite number is 77, can I do both times, who doesn't like 420. I was born on Pacheco Rd, Pacheco means Stoned
The following is taken from an interlude on Celtic languages in Britain Begins by Barry Cunliffe. Please read and consider.
Attempting to relate archaeology and language is a difficult and academically dangerous task, but it is so that we have to face if we are to attempt to write history. The hypothesis of the Atlantic origin of the Celtic languages is more in harmony with the available evidence than the myth of the eastern origin of the celt first mooted in the seventeenth century, which formed the basis of the traditional view. It is, I believe, a useful working hypothesis rather than a new myth... if the hypothesis offered here is correct, then the inhabitants of Britain and Ireland were speaking Celtic dialects by 2000 BC, and some communities, particularly in the Irish Sea zone, may have been speaking Celtic for a lot longer.
Cunliffe is an archaeologist but not a linguist. Hardly any linguist would agree with him. Yes, the first speakers of an Indo European language would have reached Britain and Ireland by 2000 BC, but that Indo European language would not have been Celtic or even proto Celtic. There is a slight chance it could have been proto Italo-Celtic (whose existence is not accepted by all linguists). The only things linguists can be sure about is that proto Italic and proto Celtic had split before 1300 BC and that Continental P Celtic had subdivided into several languages by 700 BC. The majority consensus is that the Urnfield culture (1300 BC- 750 BC) spread the Proto Celtic language and that Q Celtic split off from P Celtic very early in that culture. So it's unlikely that Q Celtic would have reached the British Isles much earlier than 1200 BC. (My personal opinion is that all of the Britain Isles spoke Q celtic for several centuries before being replaced by P Celtic from the continent some time after 800 BC.)
@ I’m aware that Cunliffe is an archaeologist but he has read the theories of paleo linguists and written a thesis around their findings. What linguists are these who don’t agree with him? So if your ‘personal opinions’ have been informed such rigorous research then fine.
@I find the case of the Ordovices interesting. Their name is distinctly Celtic yet their identity is ancient. Ordos is believed to proto Celtic for hammer, but the hammers that the ordovicians produced were what we now refer to as the granite axes manufactured in Penmaenmawr in Conwy. These axes along with the identity of this tribe is Neolithic. Are we then to believe that a few incomers managed to convince all the early tribes to change their names and forget their own ethnonyms and the identities that went along with them? Whomever came to Britain in boats in the bce timeframe did not come to conquer. Before the romans nobody had the means nor the purpose for doing so. A small number of these supposed eastern Celts would not have had the capability to overhaul the existing language of Britain en masse just because they brought with them some wares from the continent. Even the Roman Empire didn’t replace Brythonic languages during their 400 years, and that was an invasion and aggressive takeover.
I do not think the Indo-European Language had fully broken up by 2000 bce.
@@BenLlywelyn this thesis states that Celtic culture was born of the Atlantic branch of PIE. the more scrutiny I personally give to it the more I’m finding it makes sense. I think I’ve suggested a research based theory on the elusive origin of the ethnonym ‘Celt’ in your comment section before, Ben. It’s a real shame and an academic loss that so few linguists are Welsh speaking. There has been an undeniable trend of ignoring our language for research purposes. For what it worth, I’m going to point a few things out:
The oldest word we have in Welsh for our land is Gwalia. This is the true origin of the word Wales (no, it was never an Anglo Saxon word meaning stranger or similar. That’s just Victorian age English propaganda). The Phoenicians referred to Britain and environs as a land of plenty. The word ‘Gwala’ in Welsh means abundance. The suffix -ia placed onto gwala gives that meaning; plentiful land. It makes sense that these people would adopt this name as an identifier as it has wholly positive connotations. The gal- morpheme can be seen throughout Europe. The Celtic from the West hypothesis states its origin as the Atlantic zone, possibly even Britain itself. The language used by these Atlantic Europeans did not change overnight. It seems that this Celtic identity is just a chapter in their story. The superior bronze technology these Britons had would have been advantageous and aided their migrations eastwards. Just to finish I’d like to point out that many Welsh words closely resemble those offered by PIE linguists, some are almost identical. EG, the PIE ‘gene’ (hard g and final E is vocalised) has evolved into many variants and contexts (genius, generation, nation etc) but its aboriginal meaning is given as ‘birth’. The Welsh word for birth is ‘geni’ which is almost identical to its original hypothesised form. Bear in mind that Britain is an island and although people from the continent came in numbers to trade and even settle, but these migrants were not conquerors in the way the Romans were. So a picture is emerging of an island with a language that was isolated for aeons with little influence from outside and hence little change on its words and nomenclature.
With regard to mtDNA, perhaps the reason for far less information is that relatively few female remains are either found or tested? I note that a single sample that I can find has my haplogroup [H1au1b] is the [male] Karlsdorf specimen [KAR6a] circa ca 5207-5070 BC.
Eupedia is not very useful either, mostly lumping into H & V. Whilst it does give some information of H1, with appropriate countries, there is no mention of Welsh.
I have also hunted high and low trying to find the haplogroups for the Paviland Cave specimen, dating from circa 30±3Kya - if anyone here has to these data, please tell me.
I do not know much about genetics.
@@BenLlywelyn Let the learning curve begin.
The "Old Testiment" isn't the same as the Torah. It's mostly the same books as the Tanakh, but it's in a different order and there are some differences in which books are considered cannon.
Christianity lumps the Prophets in with Old Testament. Strange to me, yet FASCINATING!
Welsh ARE Celts/Galt/Galatae/Gall/Walloon/Gael. Playing telephone without written script gets the letters and sounds altered. WELSH AND GAEILGE DEVELOPED IN ARMORICA, IRELAND, PORTUGAL, CORNWALL (horn-Of-the-Gall). Semitic grammar in Celtic lang did NOT develop in Central Europe. It developed in Britain and Brittany. The precursors of the Celts WERE the bronze smiths of the Unitice Culture of Bohemia. Their West-IE language became the basis for the Celtic lang in Armorica, Cornwall, Ireland. “Welsh” is cognate with Galatae and Keltoi. These phonetic differences are differences in dialect - NOT etymon. K-L-T or K/G-L-T is the tri-consonantal etymon, signifying “able, strong”. The consonant sounds are the same mutes. Dialects of Welisch/Welsh/Walloon WERE the first European lingua franca of the trade in copper and tin (Llandudno copper and Cornwall tin) during the Early European Bronze Age.
For those who are interested: the part about "Italo-Celtic" is completely outdated. Instead, Italo-Celto-Germanic, represented by haplogroup R1b-L51 originated in Early Bronze Age Yamna territory. They are also found in Kalmykia, Don region, Volga region, Romania and Serbia, all around 2900-2600 BC.
From 2500-2400 BC onwards, those people migrated up to Central Germany and from there they colonized southwestward creating a shared genetic continuum from and including southwestern Germany, Switzerland, western Austria, on to France (except the northern coast), into Iberia and all the way to western Iberia. This genetic continuum was never shared with Britain; only the language was shared.
That shared ancestry is made up of the following 3 components: Atlantic (Megalithic), Gedrosian (Western Yamna and Corded Ware), and Northwestern European (Mesolithic component highly correlated with Italo-Celto-Germanic, reaching down to southwestern Iberia and northern Italy).
The Celtic languages can only have entered Britain in 2,400 BC according to the latest research agreed upon by the Max Planck Institute, David Reich, Johannes Krause and all other current major academic experts. No current academic researcher suggests any more recent dates for the entry of Celtic languages into Britain.
I don't see how 2,400 bce makes any sense for Celtic in Britain, as Celtic would not have emerged as a language by that point.
@@jboss1073 With reference to your last paragraph : The 2400 BC migration into the British Isles was the Beaker Folk who could not have spoken a Celtic language then since Celtic had not emerged from Indo-European. A recent DNA study found that there was another wave of immigration into southern Britain from northern France around 1000BC that brought in people who had higher levels of EEF than the existing population. Some have speculated that this later migration brought the first Celtic language to Britain. As such , the Celtic languages may then have spread through the rest of the British Isles through cultural exchange rather than through migration.
Celtic is much older in Britain because these,, celts,, start with haplogroup I2a 😂.
Like Cheddar man,the oldeat british skeleton, he looked like me and he spoke vulgar latin, proto indoeuropean =romanian language.
The picts were also mostly haplogroup I2a, celts, that spoke vulgar latin, the guys that built Stonehenge.
Very long ago there were only celts(vulgar latin speakers) in Europe with some african related languages like the basques in the southernmost Europe ( traced by the african haplogroup E1b ).
@ "I don't see how 2,400 bce makes any sense for Celtic in Britain, as Celtic would not have emerged as a language by that point."
You're right, it was Pre-Celtic by that point, please read the Celto-Germanic papers by John T. Koch.
@ "A recent DNA study found that there was another wave of immigration into southern Britain from northern France around 1000BC that brought in people who had higher levels of EEF than the existing population. "
I know the paper you're referencing, it talks about 1000-875 BC, but there is no plausible reason to believe that actually brought Celtic there, since once again, John T. Koch's Celto-Germanic papers' timeline is the one that most agrees with independent research by the Max Planck Institute, David Reich and Johannes Krause.
"As such , the Celtic languages may then have spread through the rest of the British Isles through cultural exchange rather than through migration."
Yes they might, but then this actually raises a bigger problem to solve regarding which languages were spoken in Britain and why there's no evidence of anything other than Celtic there. It is actually less plausible. Koch's timeline is the most plausible and it agrees with independent research done by the Max Planck Institute with its many different academics working together from different fields.
Da iawn arnat chdi…diolch yn fawr iawn….cyffarchion oddi wrth HTown..!!!
Diolch yn fawr. Dw i'n colli Meyerland! A Texmex Bissonnet.
The British Isles were the source of ALL Druids and all tin in the entire Bronze Age. Q-Celtic developed in the Copper Age. P and Q mutations exist in Bronze Age Italy.
Intense.
Every European has a bit Celtic, have you ever seen their women ?
Nice women.
long live Welsh
❤
17:08 I want.
Northeast England.
@@BenLlywelyn Sorry, I did the time stamp wrong. I meant that I want the video comparing the Anglo-Saxons and the Franks in regards to Latin.
I think you are being confused with terminology (Celts, Yamnaya, etc). It’s more “sciency” but actually clearer to think of the migratory Indo-Europeans by their Y DNA haplogroups. For example, the Indo-Europeans who populated Britain and Ireland circa 2500 BCE bore the paternal Y DNA haplogroup R-L21. We don’t know what happened to the Neolithic men but their paternal lines have largely disappeared. The confusion is due to the Indo-European language spoken by those IE migrants being close to the language of people later described as Celts by Greeks and Romans. Those Celts are also on the same Y DNA branch as the R-L21 men in Britain and Ireland. It’s no surprise that their languages were closely related. DNA is providing a clearer and significantly clearer picture of history than have Medieval scribes and modern scholars with axes to grind instead of a passion for truth.
DNA does not tell us what language people spoje. As for Celtic Language, such a thing could not have existed in 2500 bce, so I have a different opinion
Q-Celtic classification is a bit of an anachronism. Gaeilge is more variant from Bretonnic than Polish is from Russian. They NEVER HAD A SINGLE COMMON PARENT LANGUAGE !!!!!!!!!
We are all Indo-European.
Comment type number 1:
people of the levant or unwitting defenders of their ideology who have always tried to prevent the idea of European culture before Christianity.
(subtle political agendas)
Comment type number 2:
Hubris, arrogance, nit-picking. Lazy critiquing of another mans work from your ivory tower, now with just enough self awareness to just about avoid starting your critique with your trademark: "ACTUALEEE".
(subtlety boosting self esteem)
Comment type number 3:
People who choose to subscribe to your channel because they find they enjoy your content, for reasons such as brining a relaxing and relatively digestible insight to a large and forgotten and fascinating almost hidden chapter of our past.
GODIDOG!
Diolch
Diolch 😺
Croeso!
Yamnaya - a clever way of not saying Hebrew migration after the fall of Assyria. As for Morgannwg (Gwent and Glamorgan), there are some serious reasons as to why it's the Black hole of Wales. The Gogs descend from Cunedda of the old north, while The southerners come from the Silurian Princess Claudia, daughter of Caradog. Also, the Angles were really the deceangli (that's why the house of Aberffraw and Wessex both have the dragon a few centuries later). I play Crusader kings 3 and you can see something strange is up with Gwent as its flag in the 800s has the Fluer De-Lis, a full 3 centuries before it was present in Wales. Brought by the Normans.
The Decangli were the inheritors of a pre-Roman Celtic people.
Picts are very celt, old and they were mostly haplogroup I2a = thracians.
You found a way to mix Picts with Romania. You are blessed for talent and obsession.
@BenLlywelyn There is no doubt that the picts place of origin is Romania, due to their DNA (haplogrup I2a originates in Romania on the Danube).
These,, celts,, are much older than the Roman Empire. They are the natives there.
Cheddar man, the oldest man in Britain =haplogroup I2a = he got there from Romania and there is no doubt about that.
Cheddar man spoke vulgar latin, basically romanian or the british celt type language.
The oldest british was romanian and spoke vulgar latin, romanian language 😂.
Picts and Cheddar man are balkan, danubian race and for sure Cheddar Man spoke an indo european language 10 000 years ago, long before the anatolian farmers and the yamnaya expansion.
@@BenLlywelyn You should make a video about the oldest english, the Cheddar Man and make it scientific :instead of saying he is WHG (western hunter gatherer-a wrong term) you should say he is haplogroup I2a, like 50% of Serbs, 33% of Romanians, etc.
And sardinians are majority I2a but its because its an island.
Sardinians ancestors got there from Romania, very long ago, long before the greeks or the Roman Empire (they are very old) and thats why sardinian language has soo many cognate words in romanian language.
The greeks and hungatians hate this haplogroup I2a, some call it slavic, others call it albanian 😂 but in reality is thracian.
Immagine how old are the thracians if they have a haplogroup of their own and that they made the blonde swedes and danish(danish and blonde swedes ancestors are a new haplogroup, called I1 and their father is the thracian I2a-and also the vlinde nordics are a very recent haplogroup, just from the bronze age, not as old as I2a).
Woke english historians portray Cheddar Man as black which is wrong becaus e he looked like me, like sardinians, like serbs, like Clint Eastwood.
Immagine moron english saying Clint Eastwood is black and theres nothing racist about this just an inacurate portrait to suit some politicians agenda.
This is not about race(race is not in the color of the skin but in the chromosomes) nationalism, sovereignity, its simply biology and common sence.
Seems people lost their common sence and on one side are very right wing and mean, and on the otther side are verry left wing and mean.
That is why we should know the biological truth, so that we are not manipulated by right wingers or leftists.
In the land of the haplogroup I2a, we are humble and hide it. Serbs say they are slavs, romanians say they are italians and misterious dacians, and bulgarians say they are turks from Cechnia (caucasians-very few of them in Europe iet morons call every white man caucasian).
PIE language never existed , also there was no Celts in Britain .Both these stories were made up in 18 century .
Who in the hell did Claudius 's army fight then ? Mongolians ?
@@camilleruggiero3098 Claudius's army fought against the Britons during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 CE.
@@tombra7 So, what's your point ?
@ no Mongolians , no Celts .
Why are Hindi, Lithuanian and Welsh similar in a way that is similar to Arabic and Hebrew then?
Welsh are not Celts.
ok?
What are they if not Celtic?
How do you back that statement up? They are Brythonic branch of Celts.
😂😂😂 Germanic ancestors are celts and the blonde nordic swedes are haplogroup I1 which means that celts from Romania with haplogroup I2a are their fathers.
The oldest english, Cheddar man is I2a, celt, like the picts and he spoke vulgar latin(celtic language) .
Welsh formerly P-Celtic is the highly formulaic language of the written
Memorials of Wales get that map off your account.
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