For Distant Stars - Go to
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 ก.ย. 2024
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I'm no scientist but this series HAS to be compared equally to anything produced by Sagan, de Grasse Tyson, Cox and Attenborough.
You're very kind. Thanks.
Agreed! The detail is refreshing too, and much appreciated.
except for the great Cosmos series way back when, I'd say that Butler's videos surpass anything with these other TV scientists, Tyson, Michio Kaku, who you see EVERYWHERE! and a bunch of female scientists, like the one who runs Griffith Observatory. Instead of dumbing things down, he tells it just as it is and, I've found that, if I don't get something or miss it the 1st time, I'll just go back as many times as it takes until I finally get an understanding of it. But this is much better than the "entertainment-oriented" documentaries one sees on Discovery Science, The universe series or anything on the "history channel" which rarely shows historical, much less science programming, at least on the US version. The History International channel, I've noticed, is far better!!
VERY MUCH appreciated!!!! As well as super-informative without dumbing down the material. In fact, by not comparing the macroscopic to something humans can see or at least wrap their heads around to some mundane thing, IMO, the info gleaned in these videobooks are much more enlightening, in that, when I hear new (to me) nomenclatures, learn about the parallax, etc. instead of scratching my head & wondering what it was I just heard, I have the chance to dig deeper into the subject, Googling the new (to me) words, descriptives and new (to me) calculations of distances, etc. which is great because those things then open up whole new doors, new avenues of study for me. In learning I'm all about going forward, always relying on the most up-to-date data gleaned from scientific method experiments. Thanks again, David Butler!!
Keyboard Dancers I'm not surprised Brian Cox series was terrible dumbed down and spoon fed rubbish with pseudoscientific explanations such as "we know the earth is round because everything else in the sky appears round". Far more detail needs to be given but I think I've found it with this quality video thanks.
I can´t believe that such amazing sort of videos have only a few more than 4,000 view. Let´s spread the word. These videos are the best.
`but we must agree that they aren`t as important as the Oscars. lol.
Please, PLEASE make more. These are a masterpiece.
I much enjoy your channel, including your choice of classical music which lends a dignity to the wonders of the Universe. No other music would be fitting
I agree totally. On those OTHER docs., e.g., on History or Discovery, etc. they tend to, in their quest to try & score with a younger demographic put in, like, electronica/EDM stuff or some sort of hip-sounding stuff which, IMO, is incongruous with the subject matter; at least it would be incongruous if they were more academic or intelligent, etc. like these are. Not academic in a bad, "hard to understand" way, but academic in the sense that you're not getting the high school version.
MAGNIFICENT PRESENTATION, DR. BUTLER! Perfect musical soundtracks accompany your fascinating video documentaries, as well. Great work! from your friend & a new fan, Byron
This is by far the best documentary about cosmos I've ever seen. Much better than documentaries with gray-haired japanese "professors" who try to impress people with things you learn at school.
It's transmitted in a very intelligent and realistic way, not a fantastic one like "we could build a spacecraft that bring us to alpha centauri if...", or "that is a hyper-ultra-supernova explosion" only to attract more people.
Really enjoyed and liked it :)
Greetings from Europe
Mr Butler, you are undoubtedly the Bob Ross of space and science. Soothing voice, beautiful classical music in the background plus concise information and beautiful pictures = David Butler. You rock!
Steve agreed, I don't understand how he has such low subscribers.
He could & should easily be around 100k - 500k
I learned all this stuff in the bible when I was a kid, all that book talked about was learning things. the bible has the answer to everything, except the truth ...
Sir, in matter of 22 minutes your transferred a vast wealth of knowledge. I'm extremely grateful.
Mr. Butler, You give a fantastic, insightful, illuminating and thought provoking lecture and I thank you for it! Please do not stop!
I love this video! You have one of the smoothest voice that goes along well with the music that you have put into your presentation. Thank you. A great gift you have for those of us that are youtube viewers! **********
that's because he's a smooth operator ...
Tony Rivera )
Bravo! Thank You Mr. Butler.
Your series are brilliant. I have been showing all my friends. Boy does knowlege change everything. 💪
+Pavel Velichkov Thanks.
I just discovered this tonight -- and dangit!! I need sleep!! ;)
I shared with my friends on FB -- good stuff.
Keep up the fabulous work!
+Ben Kamen Thanks Ben.
This series is unique cause you get into details. You can watch like a hundred other space documentaries and never learn most of this stuff.
First off, Thank you for all of your brilliant videos. But The reason for this comment is I wanted to suggest an idea for a new video if you felt up to it. I was wondering if you could explain our orientation in space and why people in the southern hemisphere have a view of the galaxy’s center, and people in the north cannot see it. Also why when the planet travels through a yearly cycle, why we are not able to see different sets of stars. I have come to somewhat understand it myself but only after 30 years of pondering. I believe this would be a successful video and also a very informative one.
Thank you again Mr. Butler. I watch your videos on repeat. I love the intricate details that you explain, almost as much as I love space itself.
Please keep the music in your videos. Great addition.
This is one of the best laid out series of videos on the universe I've ever seen. Everything is so well explained and David never moves to the next subject without first explaining the basics. If you have a basic understanding of advanced math, none of this should go over your head. Finally, I love the way you weave historical events into your explanations. Nicely done!!!
+Joel Mathiason Thanks Joel. I love doing them.
this channel is a TH-cam gem!
(Dutch English) I am long on TH-cam. But since I met your videos, I watched them all and rated them the best. Thanks for the videos!
Fantastic channel David! Thank you!
Great videos mate, love them. I love how you go into detail and explain each detail step by step. I've learnt so much and look forward to watching the rest of the series. :D
You make complicated things to understand easily! You are just great! Thank you!
David thank you for sharing your time and knowledge in creating these. They are terrific!
I can't believe i didn't find these videos earlier, what a lovely production. Excellent narration, great content, in depth, it's just too good!. Well done Sir!.
The lack of stars with intervening colors is due to the fact that the expansion to a giant happens rather rapidly as you suggest. Very good.
Just a great series of videos, very informative and entertaining! Thank you.
Love the Mozart in the background. How snobby! I love it!
Dear Mr Butler, This series is a masterpiece of astronomy. I've never seen a better and more detailed explanation.The best part is that you make it so easy that any person can understand it. Really few people could do that in our history of science, one of the best example, Carl Sagan. I just want to thank you for the transfer of all this knowledge and the passion for astronomy.
Thank you for the comment. I appreciate it.
Dear Mr. David Butler, on behalf of me and my family, I just want you to know we love your videos. Your work is important to me, and a whole generation of people who are growing up on the shoulders of giants. In a time when everything around us is questionable, your videos give us hope that each generation will become smarter, better people. I don't know why you decided to make these videos, but I am sure glad you did. Generations of people will use your videos for knowledge, and inspiration to make their own videos in their chosen fields. I hope you get a chance to read this one little comment, in this vast universe. I have all the hope I can for our species, and your videos help me keep that faith. Thank you again, and keep up the great work. Your fan, snow.
This is a very nice note. Thank you very much.
Excellent Videos. Thank you :-)
Thank you David. You so good at this. Making sure that you're very appreciated
Good catch. I did a double-take on this distance when I first saw it. I understand that HVS4 has left the galactic disk and is moving out through the halo.
excellent work, and so comprehensive
but the music is quite distracting
wish i could see it listening to just your voice
Finally I get it how they measured the distaces. Thank you!
Great video David! Really enjoying the series.
30k views....
And yet someone getting a fresh tattoo garners 500k in the same time frame.
What is wrong with mankind???
Excellent production David Butler.
These videos are not as "produced" as even many of the popular science channels are, and require more of an investment of attention. These, unfortunately, lead to fewer views, but that doesn't speak to the quality of the videos, only to their popularity. These videos are an excellent introduction to many topics in physics, astronomy, and I'm greatly enjoying them.
Like, share, and comment, if you want them to have more visibility.
+MaestroRigale Thanks.
The music is perfect for the topic allowing for concentration on what can be a difficult topic to absorb. This relatively simple selection is perfect since it is pleasant and not distracting. Great study music. Please give me the title of this piece. Thanks.
+nizbt Rodriguez There are more than one. Pleas take a look at the document for the video. It has all the music listed. Text at howfarawayisit.com/documents/
I love this series. I cant stop watching.
This video is awesome. Please keep doing more :)
David Butler, in all seriousness sir; have you ever just wanted to stand in the rain and just watch time flow? I live in Arizona, today is an amazing day. 1/6/2016.
thank you for this and your other videos - so educational!
Sir Neville Marriner & Academy of St. Martin in the Fields & Levon Chilingirian & Csaba Erdélyi
at 2:34 ...the perfectly spaced, perfectly shaped prism, light-bending image which IS the iconic album cover created by the late, great Storm Thorgerson, of the #1 record cover design house, Hipgnosis...The Dark Side of the Moon. Perfect, exact position right at 2:34.
You are nice teacher sir.
@ 10min in. This is the first time the whole relationship of H-R was explained to me and I had an "ah ha! That makes total sense" moment in regards to it. I understood the facts and data but not the WHY. Thank you.
Uh, one little correction: at around the 3:40 part, you show the gamut of the electromagnetic spectrum, going from radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, etc. -but I caught one small spelling error: "VISABLE" -the word is spelled "VISIBLE". Just FYI! But, thank you so much for these videos. They are a big, wonderful change from those entertainment model science/astrophysics documentaries one sees on any one of a # of cable channels but which end up on You Tube. Great Job! Keep up the great work!!
While spectroscopy provides an objective measure of star color, people's individual subjective color senses vary widely. I often test this when I show people the binary star Albireo in the telescope during sidewalk-astronomy sessions. Objectively, the two components of the binary are blue and yellow. But I ask people what they see, rather than telling them what they are "supposed to" see. Answers vary from white for both stars to green and orange. My girlfriend, on the other hand, has excellent color senses. While most people see almost all naked-eye stars as white, she can immediately differentiate the colors. When we first started going together, she knew nothing at all about astronomy. I showed her Orion, and she immediately remarked that the stars at the corners (Betelgeuse and Rigel) were red and blue. Most people won't see that right away. The same happened when I showed her Arcturus and Spica. I was very impressed.
Dont want to troll but.. the delivery is as exciting as Sheldon Cooper's "Fun with Flags" :))
i love his videos. so detailed!
very clear and concise explanations
the best thing on youtube. genius.
Enlightening entertainment and a wonderful learning experience.
Just a note to myself for later. Size matters. We don't get tiny stars. Size dictates behavior...
Superb video! Why aren't you rich and famous? You certainly deserve to be.
A splendid series, wonderfully well presented!
David Butler has a good speaking voice, his delivery is well paced for the learner, however the listener is tortured by a too loud, intrusive, constant, music track that the ear must fight against, in order to focus on the lecture series. I know the intention of such 'background' music tracks is to make the learning somehow more attractive to the listener, but the reverse is the result. Furthermore, the choice of the music is unfortunate, it is full of dramatic moments. Think for a moment, if David Butler went to give any part of this great series as a live public lecture in a hall, it would be unthinkable that an orchestra would be hired to play during his wonderful talk?
There is a very easy solution to those of us you wish to be educated rather than entertained with multi media. Simply separate the talk one one channel and the music on another channel. The listener can then bias their computer stereo sound to one side or the other, having a range of choice from full off music, through low volume music to full, etc. Believe me, I have made similar mistakes in some of my instructional recordings, and was grateful for others to tell me ahead of time to turn that darn music track down, if not off!
By the way, I am not against music. I am a maker of baroque flutes for the music of Bach/Mozart/ etc., I play a number of instruments, I am a singer, a toolmaker, did a PhD in Cambridge, and eventually chose to work with my hands ( we all have a background as toolmakers from our our long prehistoric past). I have a deep interest in astronomy and cosmology.
I am eternally grateful for TH-cam's huge spectrum of great way's to continue our education and broaden it into new areas
A wonderful gift to the world, thank you David Butler!
Scotflute
+Rod Cameron Thank you Rod for your comments. The feedback I get runs about 50-50 for and against the background music.
My plan is to release versions of each video for classroom use without the music. Instead of telling a story, they would cover the key concepts such as: parallax, H-R Diagram, Michelson-Morley experiment, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light, etc. The other added benefit for classroom use will be that a teacher can select one without any advertisements. How does this sound to you?
+David Butler Sounds good. Please upload that series to TH-cam as well so those people can choose between the series to watch depending on if they love the music or not. Also, the science teachers in many schools will appreciate it as well.
Excellent lecture regarding the distance Stars. Thanks.
Thank you very much, these are great videos. Very informative.
omg.. you r voice awesome grandpa :D like a asmr.. ı love these videos.. thanks..
If I recall properly, our sun is actually a white star, and only appears yellow because of the light refraction properties of our atmosphere, most prominent at the horizon.
Thanks.
when this video ended, i thought 'very nice i want to see more but why it had to be only 4-5 min long...' well its true what they say, time flies when ur having a good time
To get some scale of the Galaxy, just imagine if a star was a size of a pea, each one would be about a hundred and twenty, hundred thirty miles apart, now imagine there being about 400 billion of those peas, each each about a hundred and twenty or hundred Thirty miles apart, that is a scale of the Galaxy, then they're being many hundreds of billions or even trillions of galaxies, and that's just in the observable universe!
super masterpiece! how much I wish that you could make a introduction to the kids in my country!
Really great video. :) And great choice of music. btw what music is this? I want to listen to it :)
It starts out with Mozart's “Sinfonia concertante for violin, viola & orchestra”. Around Zeta Geminorum, it changes to his “Flute and Harp Concerto in C, K.299 - Andantino”. You can see more in the document for the segment listed as the top line in "about" above.
David Butler
Thank you very much :)
I think the microscopic universe could be every bit as fascinating as the outer universe. In any event I have nothing but respect for scientists no matter what their field of study. It appears we are all students to the end.
Once fusion begins in a star, the solar wind sweeps away gas. What allows stars to become so massive? They must begin fusion at different levels of pressure, otherwise they would all be the same.
The key to the star's mass will be the density of the gas cloud that forms it. The inflow stops when the fusion reactions energy reaches the surface, but it can take a million years for the energy created from nuclear fusion in the center to reach the surface.
Once Again, this is a really great stuff!!!
I have one small correction though, at 5:31 you say our sun is a yellow star, allow me to quote Neil deGrasse Tyson:
"Our sun is a white star, think about it, if the sun was yellow, when all snow would be yellow to"
David Butler. I wish humans would start building Orion project type spaceships and begin colonizing the universe. What are we waiting for?
Assaf Wodeslavsky They are not waiting. There obviously exists a *secret space program* for many many years.
Lets teach all kids this, at least every sunday, and make that necessary next step to type 1😉
David by any chance have u been banned from the blackjack table in Vegas. lol
Great video, just made me a bit sleepy
Our star is white, not yellow.
I'm sorry but that is incorrect. our sun is actually regarded as a yellow dwarf.
Oh right, so you obviously decided to not listen to the information regarding wavelength, temperature and the H-R Diagram???
Because it's so bright, our eyes see the light as white. And it radiates all across the visible-light spectrum (a combination of colors that we call white). But it radiates most strongly in the yellow-green part of the spectrum. Perhaps not coincidentally, that's in the middle of the visible-light spectrum and is also that part of the spectrum to which our eyes are most sensitive. Of course, the fact that our ancestors evolved in grasslands, in which the predominant colors were in the yellow-green zone, may have also had an effect.
Yes, evoution gave us the most avanced sensors for the predominent wavelength given by our suns spectrum and the constitution of our athmosphere. Everything regarding "color" is in my eyes, a mental construct of our brain interpretating their signals. Now i want to have the eyes of a mantis shrimp :) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis_shrimp#Eyes
It may be regarded as a yellow dwarf, but it releases light that is white to our biological electromagnetic detectors in the absence of atmospheric molecules.
Fantastic videos your knowledge is first class and easy to understand.
Could you tell me how many years a light year is as the distances are so vast 250 mly is hard t o take in.
Thanks David
+David McMillan David, Thanks for your comments. To answer your question remember that a light year is a year in time. The distance light travels in a year is nearly 6 trillion miles.
+David Butler
Thanks David for taking the time to answer my question.
David
What makes hot metal shine red/yellow light at temperatures below 2500 degrees? Great series btw!
+Gruby7C1h I'm not sure, but it has something to do with the fact that metals are not black bodies and have unique emissivity. The emissivity of a material specifies how well a real body radiates energy as compared with a black body.
Came back to watch this again. You mentioned a year (or 2?) ago that you were involved in the study of star formation. Always a big mystery to me, as the dust clouds seem so random that it's difficult to see how they would collapse to a center core. But now I know that ionization is the key to it. But not much more than that. Do you have something on this process at this scale?
I'll get the latest on this into the star forming nebula segment update later this year if I can.
Sir, at 15:12 you described Betelgeuse as a carbon star (and you repeated this at 20:17). As far as I know Betelgeuse is not a carbon star because spetral type is M2. Carbon stars have spectral type C. An example of carbon star is W Orionis spectral type C6.
You are correct. It is not a carbon star. I'll correct in my upcoming 4K update. Thanks.
Mr Butler, would you please explain the "flaw" in the photographs that result in the creation of two perpendicular lines that have their crossing point at the center of the light source? The two most notable examples exist at 19:06 and 20:02. Some times the lines are oriented as a large "X" while at other times the lines have a north-south, east-west orientation. There are other examples at 5:21, 5:49, 15:16, 15:32, 18:18, 18:22, 20:07 and 20:13.
They are artifacts of the camera. They are not what is happening at the star.
Fascinating.
Great video and series Mr. Butler.
A correction may be needed in your description about light (1:10 time in this video) you stated that light is an electromagnetic radiation created by ‘electrons’, it should be photons instead.
emiliopal, Thanks for your note. A photon is a quanta of electromagnetic radiation. It is created by the acceleration of a charged particle like an electron.
I'm curious: why does black body radiation fit things so well? From a "classical" standpoint (quotes are because black body radiation isn't a classical result), this makes sense, in the statistical mechanical viewpoint (a precursor to quantum mechanics). Temperature is a measure of energy, and higher energy means a higher temperature. If energy (photons) are quantized, then we get Wien's Displacement Law (the current model accepted). However, this gives a macroscopic view of an atomic scale phenomenon. Presumably, high energy means atoms being constantly excited and then falling into lower energy states, only to be re-excited and then photons to be re-emitted (as they fall back into lower energy states). While a high energy state certainly explains _more_ photons being emitted, I don't see the relationship between the _energy_ (wavelength/frequency) of the photon.
Surely an excited hydrogen atom behaves differently than an excited iron atom. Why would we expect a mass made of a random sampling of atoms, to behave the same as one that isn't (like perhaps a star which is mostly hydrogen and helium). I would think that excitations of atoms would create differing emissions for the _same_ energy, i.e. differing "color" (really energy of individual photons). Yet Wien's law doesn't make this distinction, rather it's simply the temperature that creates the apparent color.
Jared, I go deeper into Blackbody Radiation in the "How small is it" video book chapter on the Microscopic. You might want to take a look at it. In any case, the key to the Blackbody Ultra-violet catastrophe is in the quantification of the energy as opposed to the small variations in the quanta due to different atomic or molecular shells.
Typo report:
-Not a typo, but I wonder if it would be helpful to link to How Small is It at 3:16 to the Planck Constant discussion. Another possible place to do this is at 5:02 during Blackbody Radiation
-At 3:32, you already fixed "ultra-violet" to "ultraviolet", but "visable" should be changed to "visible"
-At 5:56, some parts of the calculation box are cut off, for example "temperature" was cut to "temperat"
-In the first HR diagram, everything is fine, but in the HR diagram at 9:20, "Artures" should be "Arcturus"
-At 12:25 One of the classifications listed is "E0" which is actually a galaxy classification. Perhaps you meant "F0"
got it.
Since Betelgeuse is 640 light years from Earth,then how long would it take for us to travel there,traveling at the speed of light,that and of Anti-matter being the primary fuel source? How many years,tat is?
640
640 Years in Earth Years. But it would be 0 (zero) Years in Spacecraft Years. Onboard your Spacecraft Time would Stop. You could reach Betelgeuse instantly. If it was possible to reach the Speed of Light.
3:35 *visible and ultraviolet
Kazanchev Good catch. Thanks.
Why don't stars peak in the green wavelength? They seem to skip over green in between yellow-white and blue stars
Thank very much for explaining how it works...i have a question.., can you explain the distance calculation using apparent luminosity and inverse square law in a bit more detail?
+harikrishna indugu I cover that in detail in the segment on "Nearby Stars".
David Butler great thank u david....
insane
At 21:13 you talk about the hyper velocity star HVS-4, which you say is 267,320 light years away? Wouldn't that distance put it well outside of the Milky Way?
+Brad Hesse It's in the Halo.
What is the consequence of increasing data loads of specific qualities (developed over a very precise trajectory across time and space, possibly the result of chain reactions triggered by an originating source - or unmoved mover). What is the consequence of spreading these self same reverberations (emotive as well as factual) on the collective human central nervous system, given that it is (we are) inextricably linked to the cosmos. In other words, is the Universe contained in our bodies of knowledge about it, so that what we know (or think we know) manifests and materializes the world that we then discover about?
Always half way between remembering and forgetting?
excellent as always.
Can you please mr Butler help me on that: It isn't quite clear to me what is the
exact difference of cepheids and RR lyrae variables?
You mentioned that RR lyrae are weaker variables than cepheids.
What do you mean? Isn't true that you could have also weak cepheids, with
much shorter period of the brighter ones?
Please enlighten me .
Stella, Thanks for you comment. Variable stars have a relationship between their periods an their intrinsic luminosity. The formula for this is different for Cepheids than it is for RR Lyrae. In general, Cepheids have a greater luminosity than RR Lyrae, so they can be seen further way than RR Lyrae.
Yes and well beyond that.
Hello David Butler I enjoy and learned alot from your video's thank you.
However I would like to know what soundtrack this particular music to this video is from? Thank you
You can find the music named in the video's document at howfarawayisit.com
David Butler Ok thank you sir
Once a forming star achieves the threshold mass for a fusion reaction in its core (thus beginning the conversion of its mass to energy,) wouldn't it thereupon immediately deplete itself of that threshold mass? How then would a star ever form?
The mass pressure raises the temperature at the center to the fusion point. Then the fusion reaction itself generates the needed temperature to continue the fusion reactions until there is no more fuel.
Does the horizontal gap between the main sequence and supergiants, and between the main sequence and giants, suggest the process by which stars fall off the main sequence happens rather rapidly? Or is this gap simply a fluke, the result of a lack of nearby stars with intervening characteristic colors?
How long would it take to drive one light year
Chris Adams Mankind's speediest spacecraft so far is travelling 33,000 MPH. At that rate it takes it roughly six hours to go as far as light goes in one second. That's a ratio of one to 21,600. So that means current technology could get us to our nearest neighbor two LY away in 43,000 years
rushikesh devre wow
rushikesh devre our nearest neighbor is 4,2 light years away.
Depends on your ride! If you hop on the back of a photon - one year. If you walk there slowly, maybe a bit longer 😜
Sometime the music is too loud to concentrate on what he is saying. I think the people who edited the video have no understanding of the value of the topic he has been discussing.
I'm working on a music free version.
David Butler thank you.
The universe makes me feel like my meager 70-80-ish year life expectancy seem like a brutal rip off >:[
Hi, I have a question on DISTANT STARS. Does the HR diagram work on stars that are in other galaxies? Does it work all the time? How accurate is it? Lastly, are neutron stars, Wolf-Rayet stars and other less known stars on the diagram as well?
+Jatatan Globustead The full HR diagram considers all the stars in the Milky Way that we have studied. It holds up quite well but doesn't help much for stars in far away galaxies.
+David Butler Thanks for your response. Yes, Using the HR diagram, Wolf Rayet stars would be in the far upper left corner next to the O stars due to their intense luminosity and mass. Neutron stars have a low luminosity and radius, so they will appear in the far bottom left corner beyond the white dwarves. The HR diagram should also hold up in different galaxies, since they all share the same physics as the Milky Way does.
I was falling asleep
I want to understand this: You said that HVS 4 is at a distance of 267320 light years and is speeding away and will leave the Milky Way in about 80 to 100000 million years.But how this is possible while the Milky Way is 100000 light years wide so this means that the star being at 267320 light years away is already outside our galaxy
Violeta Karp The star is well outside the Milky Way disk and is currently traveling through the Milky Way halo. Remember that the halo has a 600,000 light year diameter.
David Butler Thank you very much for your answer I hadn't understood that you were talking about the halo or maybe it was not mentioned in the article.
Great work!
Great video, but I would check the spelling on the electromagnetic spectrum chart.
+Ryan Ferko Ryan, I just fixed 'ultraviolet' via annotations. Thanks.
Glad to help :)