lol no not an exclusive anymore. I talked with a few newer patrons who I assumed joined for the "exclusive content" but they all just said they were happy with just having things as an early release for the most part. Still plan on having some things exclusive there regardless.
@@integral_chemistry ah ic i got confused by the patreon only talk in the middle of the vid, i ain't complaining about that tho lmao, as long as it doesn't get yourself banned... i'd recommend floatplane btw if you don't want the risk of having your channel disappearing from the surface of the earth
@@integral_chemistryMost patreon and gumroad gets archived anyway. This way you can at least make money off them and yea most people are good with like a 2 week early period or some such
@@Alexey-u6w That's a different beast. Nitroglycerine is practically described in vast numbers of "Chemistry for Boys" or historical books from C20. That said, it would be fascinating to hear a talk about some of the more alarmingly wrong things about the most old-school infamous cookbook of the BBS days and the precursor publication it misunderstood. Really interesting slices of history, though they're banned publications in quite a few places.
I agree with your caution and moral dilemma regarding the topic at hand but am nonetheless grateful, it was a good example of how incredibly dangerous such a small amount can be and my first time being introduced to the concept of 'drowning' reactions like this.
Thank you! I do feel in the end after looking at some of the other nitroglycerine videos here on YT that I could hopefully present the topic in a more nuanced way giving some background and safety measures that usually seem to be missing (like the drowning). Glad you liked it and learned something new :)
Video mentions skill level needed is teenager. So tru. Me and my buddies attempted to make nitroglycerin when we were teenagers. The big mistake we made was adding the glycerine all at once to the nitric/sulferic acid mixture (instead of adding it dropwise). Reaction overheated and ran away and shot a flame column about 20 feet high and sounded like a rocket (luckily we were making it outside). We never tried that again! And then there is mercury fulminate. We successfully made that on several occassions and I am damn lucky to be here writing this today after the several close calls we had. So the moral of this story is Please, Do Not Make Explosives at Home (or anywhere else, seriously).
oh boy I remember being scared AF when I, being 16, washed some silver nitrate crystals (recovered as excess silver nitrate from some silver mirror test tubes, left by other schoolboys) with some cold ethanol (wanted to make them dry faster) was being cried at by my school teacher: WHAAAT ARE YOU DOING YOU ARE MAKING A PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE AWWW
Yeah, the old days offered many ways for an enterprising child to be violently obliterated. I have mixed views on some of the changes - mostly when it makes it difficult for me to do something interesting - but having so much tech go low voltage and ready to nope out is really good.
You are correct about the sound of the explosion. It doesn’t propagate like a sound wave it’s simply a pressure front shoving the atoms of the gas out of the way.
Hey! Thanks for confirming my suspicion. Its hard to explain but it didn't sound like an ordinary loud noise if that makes sense, and my only explanation was some sort of pressure wave.
There is a really interesting book called Explosives Engineering (Paul W. Cooper) that has a section on the science behind shock waves and how they break down.
@@integral_chemistrythe shock wave is like a normal sound wave but the pressure rise is so high it goes into a nonlinear regime. Adibatic heating accelerates the front until it loses it's intensity which then it decays into a regular large amplitude wave. Up close an explosion from high explosives are felt more than heard and the sound is more like a sharp crack. When you get far it becomes a boom. Similar happens with lightning for the same reasons.
The history of nitroglycerine in the petroleum industry is fascinating. Oil City, Pennsylvania has a museum that covers it. Moonlighting was one of the results of nitroglycerine process theft. What was so surprising to me were the descriptions of various nitroglycerine unintended detonations- not only is it powerful but extremely brisant, and people caught in the explosions were often reduced to... well, bits. Broken teeth and mist would be found at the site. And those accidents weren't rare.
I fabricated nitro-glycol from purified antifreeze at age 16. While it is slightly less powerful than regular nitroglycerin, it still produced a small sonic boom from a single drop on first strike with a mallet. I had basic plugs in my ear but not properly fitted and i lost hearing for at least 5min. Constant tinutitus for at least 5-10min put the fear of god into me and i thankfully did a controlled deflagration of the several grams of it i had made alongside the other >25g sample of acetone peroxide i had at room temp. Do not make explosives... i think my crude reagents at the time lead to less sensitive products, but besides that and my constant fear, i can't explain why I still have all my fingers... do not do this shit... it's next level, and i promise if you're watching this, there's a good chance you dont have what it takes/the same dumb luck i experienced to pull it off. Never work on batches above 1g, never work with equipment that produces shrapnel, always have emergency cooling and neutralizing baths (im talking dry ice and pre prepared quench solutions assuming 100% of your batch)
This is excellent advice. I thankfully don't have personal experience like this to use when I say not to do this, but I really mean it. This stuff does not play around, and that single drop detonation I demonstrated was enough to pretty much put me off to energetics altogether.
25g of TATP?! holy fuck dude. I feel panicky when around as little as 3g, and with full safety observed (handling it when slightly wet, only with plastic non static utensils, etc)
0:35 this from his wiki "As a young man, Nobel studied with chemist Nikolai Zinin; then, in 1850, went to Paris to further the work. There he met Ascanio Sobrero, who had invented nitroglycerin three years before. Sobrero strongly opposed the use of nitroglycerin because it was unpredictable, exploding when subjected to variable heat or pressure. But Nobel became interested in finding a way to control and use nitroglycerin as a commercially usable explosive; it had much more power than gunpowder." would indicate that his brother died because he was interested in trying to stabilize, not the other way around
When I was a kid in the Chicago area, WGN used to air Family Classics TV show had an episode called "Young Thomas Edison." At one point in the story, Young Edison was talking with a scientist on a train about this chemical he had created in his lab. The scientist immediately recognized it to be nitroglycerin. They had to stop the train and lower a bottle of it down a ravine with a long string. Since then, the notion of a liquid that would explode so easily fascinated me. Thanks for showing how wild this stuff really is.
The shockwave from this reaction is technically not a sonic boom, but only technically. They both produce a shockwave rather than ordinary sound, and the cause of that is still SOMEthing going faster than the speed of sound in air. They absolutely would sound the same, and if confined to a chemistry laboratory would probably look the same after one reflection. The technicality is that one is created by an object moving through the air in excess of the speed of sound, creating a mach cone shaped shockwave, and the other is already a shockwave in some other medium, created by the chemical reaction front, and would probably not be cone shaped unless the medium in question is very long and narrow. Otherwise, they are both shockwaves. I only even mention this because I feel a scientist like yourself can appreciate this level of sheer pedantry.
At work, we used to have large drums delivered by Nobel containing a paste. In case of a fire, using water would have dissolved the the additives yielding the active ingredient. The concentration wasn’t very high but during maintenance dried residue of it could set off a really bad headache.. 😉 Thank you for sharing your experience, I consider it important to inform people instead of just telling them not to do it.
The nitroglycerin droplet you were hitting was actually a large amount. When testing a primary explosive, I usually use the size of 1~4 grain of table salt.
No you use wood pulp, sawdust, flour or starch for the mixture and you add a very small amount of antacid to neutralise any acidity of course stir the mixture before you add nitroglycerin.
Headaches like you wouldn't believe! First few exposures cause pain, but one quickly adapts. As a person gets more acclimatized to Nitro, going without is a complete nightmare! Pain, convulsions...workers would carry nitro-tablets to deal with the pain over long weekends.
There's some advice i heard on Explosions and fire. You don't have to use glassware with explosives, plastic cups will produce less deadly fragments. Of course the chemical resistance is also a concern, but worth considering.
Not with the synthesis in this video because of the reagents (use of WFNA was not necessary btw) but for some other synthesis requiring water as a solvent plastic is perfectly fine.
@@herrhaber9076I believe teflon cups are preferred for this reason. Expensive, I'm sure, but better than having your glass setup decide it'd rather be an improvised frag grenade.
@@mnxs Teflon is a little bit more expensive than quality glass but is great for a lot of things. Unfortunately you cant heat it much but that's about it. I rarely use my teflonware though because I'd rather use it when I dont want the nucleation points made by scratched (used) glassware. Tom uses simple drinking cups which I believe are polystyrene. Polystyrene doesnt react well to conc H2SO4 :)
Nitration of cofee filters is fun as it burns very fast, but has a secret. The paper becomes extremely acid resistant so you can filter out solutions like gold in aqua regia and other higly acidic compounds. Streight nitric acid isnt needed for making this either, a nitrate salt works just as well to create the nitric acid in situ ❤
@@mduckernzI can't be sure of all that'd be happening when nitrating coffee filters, but shouldn't it just turn the paper into nitrocellulose? In that case, there's not very many things that would dissolve it.
Yeah 0/10 don't recommend.. it's actually turned me off to all energetics which is sad because there's some much cooler ones out there.. probably get over it eventually
1:43 yes Nobel appreciated the irony. Quote from him: “It sounds like the irony of fate that I have been prescribed nitroglycerine - internally. They have named it Trinitrin in order not to upset the pharmacists and the public.”
I worked for the Admiralty Research Establishment in Holton Heath Dorset. During WW2 it was a cordite factory. Nitroglycerin was produced 24 hours a day. One night there was a panic and the air raid warning was sounded. The lab dumped the batch of Nitroglycerin into the chamber under the lab. The following morning the director was upset as it was a false alarm he ordered the Nitroglycerin be recovered. They started to pressurise the chamber. The Nitroglycerin had gone acidic which makes it even more unstable. The chamber exploded destroying the lab above and killing the two workers. The explosion broke windows in Poole town 4.25 miles away.
I have never seen a hobby chemist make more than 1g of nitro, and they used no glass vessels. One other thing is there is also a cold method for making TNT where the electro levels are such that you need to keep it at roughly 0C with 4C being where the reactions stop.
@@integral_chemistry it's good to have enough water right there in case you have a runaway nitration too. Just tip the beaker over instead of having to carry it to a crash bucket. It's all around a better plan, just make sure you have enough water to completely quench the reaction.
I've made methyl nitrate & ethylene glycol dinitrate, but was a bit squeamish about glycerol trinitrate, and here's why. Liquid NG is shock & friction sensitive, as we all know, but is safe to handle, if due caution is exercised. Frozen NG is inert. It can't be detonated. But when it's transitioning between the solid & liquid phases, it's VERY sensitive! I've read stories about trucks employed to transport it, exploding, when their refrigeration systems failed. NG melts at 55 deg.F, so I imagine, it would go through freeze/thaw cycles, during a lab synthesis. When produced industrially, temperature is tightly controlled, and it never freezes. Any comments?
c2n14 is just about as (shock) sensitive. (in the same order of magnitude) but more powerful and able to be set off in smaller quantities. It's notable as it's not (as) toxic as other explosives, only giving off various forms of nitrogen gas and a touch of carbon. I wonder if there's a viable method to produce it in, as it were, useful quantities. If the risk for using it as a weapon weren't so high, I'd enjoy a video series on seeing if it can become an ecologically safer explosive. no more heavy metals! no more strange toxic compounds
lmao there will be a couple exclusive videos in time, right now there's only one since I put this here but I've got 4 more planned over the next couple months
Great video. I would be scared as hell to make such a quantity of this compound since it is so unstable. Even though i was allowed to make some explosiv chemicals under the suppervision of our university for a show at our university, i would still not perform this reaction under any circumstances. And i would definitely not recommend to perform this reaction to anyone without chemical knowledege, except if you like to loose your fingers, hand or what ever is to close to it. But thanks for the vid and the insight into this compound. 😁
In A Level Chem, we made di-nitro phenol (same method as TNT, but phenol instead of toluene & did not go the last step to make Tri Nitro Phenol). We were warned to take care as we could make an explosive that could self detonate if we were not careful! Nitro glycerin production is More dangerous? No signing the lab ceiling there then…
If I remember correctly, fuming nitric acid is not required for this synthesis, azeotropic nitric acid should work too, which makes it even more accessible (and dangerous). Also aside from the explosion hazard, inhaling the fume of nitroglycerine also produce very acute headaches that anyone making it should beware of.
Sorry, but the part about its name is incorrect... It's a common misconception. The part about using diatomaceous earth is correct but the name dynamite has nothing to do with that material being used... A quote direct from Wikipedia, sourced from American Heritage and Collins Dictionary: "Nobel originally sold dynamite as 'Nobel's Blasting Powder' and later changed the name to dynamite, from the Ancient Greek word dýnamis (δύναμις), meaning 'power'."
im fairly sure in the mechanism oxygen acts as a nucleophile not an electrophile and attacks the nitrogen of the nitronium ion forming an oxonium ion that loses a proton regenerating the acid and making the end product
0:45 I will tell you guys. He stabilized nitroglycerin by mixing it with diatomaceous earth, which is where the name dynamite is partially derived from.
Fun fact: the reason nitroglycerin is so shock sensitive is due to presence of microbubbles in the liquid. When it is struck, those microbubbles compress and heat up, causing a deflagration to detonation transition. Alfred Nobel's method of stabilizing nitroglycerin effectively eliminates these microbubbles.
Production of NitroG at home just isn't a good idea. Of all the energetic options, this one just seems to be more of a pain in the rear than anything. Being a liquid really complicates it's utilization and burning it gets old quickly. Great for this demonstration, and historically relevant as a turning point in medical and explosives development. Thank you for the video, and history lesson.
Dude .. 7 grams is a lot. Handling it in glass is likewise not smart. Those guys back in the day making drums full of the stuff .. nightmare fuel right there.
Yeah I agree.. I meant to mention that the very first synthesis was 20g which detonated and lodged glass shards in ascanio sobrero's face. I kind of just didn't expect the percent yield to be quite so high or I would have scaled it back a good deal.. And yeah I've read (and heard) stories that absolutely horrify me, totally not surprised at the frequency of accidents back in the day.
@@integral_chemistry gotta remember that safety standards were a lot lower back then. Like you'd never make a child work 20 hours a day, or shove their Lil arm into a death trap because something jammed. That was a typical Monday at one point.
If it exceed 30 degrees is highly dangerous. The sealing of the containers used to carry the nitro were the big problem. The containers were leaking and shaking together. Also the hot weather was a big problem. That's why many accident occurs.
Oh and another word of caution as to why no one should make it, if you get a drop on your skin you could pass out from how thin it makes your blood and if you don't pass out you'll still feel SICK
No problem! and thanks for the advice, it is something I'm working on (and believe it or not its a lot better than it used to be lol). It feels weird trying to force the genuine enthusiasm I have when I'm sitting in front of a mic, but I feel it comes with experience.
I made some almost 40 years ago as a teenager. I didn't get hurt or cause any collateral damage, but still the dumbest thing I've ever done in my life. I won't comment about what he gets right or wrong except to say that if you try to replicate what you see, keep the temperature in the beeker cold enough to turn antifreeze into a slush and wear plastic protective garments. Better yet, just don't
.38 special, like any other cartridge, does not have a single fixed muzzle velocity; the specific velocity would depend on the bullet, grain, barrel length, etc.
This sh!t terrifies me. I wouldn't be in the same building with it, much less a home lab. 1,000,000,000,000% this chemical is in the "f that, going to watch videos on it instead" category. Y'all stay safe out there!!
Hey mate, the nitronium ions are electrophillic, same as in nitration of aromatic compounds.Glycerols hydroxide oyxgen atoms are nucleophilic, not electrophilic as you said.
No nitroglycerin was NOT the first explosive that was considered more powerful than black powder. Before nitroglycerin we had other explosive like mercury and gold fulminate. We just couldn’t use it too often because of their sensitivity 🤓
@ no worries! I enjoyed the video. I think by todays standard nitroglycerin would be considered a primary explosive because of its sensitivity. Even when it was soaked in diatomaceous earth or saw dust and made into dynamite.
just a few days ago i read that you can mix this with diatomaceous earth to make a "solid" wrap that in something like paper to restrict expansion and add a fuse to create dynamite. would you mind trying an experiment to see if that is valid?
Nitration reactions really very dangerous and interesting side of chemistry. You need be accurate and careful wit h working with them. I tried making trinitrotoluene from zero experience it took me many months to analyze and learn the process. It is really hard for making it from zero. But after making it it gam me a lot of experience.
I neutralize the rinse water with sodium hydroxide and then dump it. Unlike TNT, this reaction doesn't produce any carcinogenic or environmentally toxic byproducts.
Thanks for the public tutorial on how to make a class A explosive! I'll be sure to use this for trustworthy purposes only any not for any illegality whatsoever.
Any cool experiments to do with sublingual nitroglycerine tablets I have my grandpas old tab vial because I thought it looked cool and it was full. I want to do something cool with it in his memory
Hello sir..i have dout ple help me.. which chemical solution will pull automatically forward of sweeing needle 3-5 grams...ple tell me cas number of chemical... which chemical pull sweeing needle automatically near 1 to 2 inch
Isn't it great that I get to admire all these dangerous chemicals without having to actually make them myself? 😀
Thank you!
That's a bit of an understatement, coming from you! 😂😂
@@TooMuchMiddle came here to say the same thing.
Agree 100%
- also learning about physics and chemistry is awesome to me, so HUGE thanks to ALL TH-camrs publishing these awesome types of videos!
LOL
this is scary, some things you do terrify me.
huh, i'm not a patreon but i still got here, crazy
lol no not an exclusive anymore. I talked with a few newer patrons who I assumed joined for the "exclusive content" but they all just said they were happy with just having things as an early release for the most part. Still plan on having some things exclusive there regardless.
@@integral_chemistry ah ic i got confused by the patreon only talk in the middle of the vid, i ain't complaining about that tho lmao, as long as it doesn't get yourself banned... i'd recommend floatplane btw if you don't want the risk of having your channel disappearing from the surface of the earth
@@integral_chemistryMost patreon and gumroad gets archived anyway. This way you can at least make money off them and yea most people are good with like a 2 week early period or some such
RDX, please!!!
@@Alexey-u6w That's a different beast. Nitroglycerine is practically described in vast numbers of "Chemistry for Boys" or historical books from C20.
That said, it would be fascinating to hear a talk about some of the more alarmingly wrong things about the most old-school infamous cookbook of the BBS days and the precursor publication it misunderstood. Really interesting slices of history, though they're banned publications in quite a few places.
"Amyl Nitrate - used for chest pains and nothing else"
I love you bro, that was classic.
I agree with your caution and moral dilemma regarding the topic at hand but am nonetheless grateful, it was a good example of how incredibly dangerous such a small amount can be and my first time being introduced to the concept of 'drowning' reactions like this.
Thank you! I do feel in the end after looking at some of the other nitroglycerine videos here on YT that I could hopefully present the topic in a more nuanced way giving some background and safety measures that usually seem to be missing (like the drowning). Glad you liked it and learned something new :)
Video mentions skill level needed is teenager. So tru. Me and my buddies attempted to make nitroglycerin when we were teenagers. The big mistake we made was adding the glycerine all at once to the nitric/sulferic acid mixture (instead of adding it dropwise). Reaction overheated and ran away and shot a flame column about 20 feet high and sounded like a rocket (luckily we were making it outside). We never tried that again!
And then there is mercury fulminate. We successfully made that on several occassions and I am damn lucky to be here writing this today after the several close calls we had. So the moral of this story is Please, Do Not Make Explosives at Home (or anywhere else, seriously).
oh boy
I remember being scared AF when I, being 16, washed some silver nitrate crystals (recovered as excess silver nitrate from some silver mirror test tubes, left by other schoolboys) with some cold ethanol (wanted to make them dry faster)
was being cried at by my school teacher: WHAAAT ARE YOU DOING
YOU ARE MAKING A PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE
AWWW
Yeah, the old days offered many ways for an enterprising child to be violently obliterated. I have mixed views on some of the changes - mostly when it makes it difficult for me to do something interesting - but having so much tech go low voltage and ready to nope out is really good.
@@RomanBekker2022 D:
How else you supposed to make it if you don't make it?
You are correct about the sound of the explosion. It doesn’t propagate like a sound wave it’s simply a pressure front shoving the atoms of the gas out of the way.
Hey! Thanks for confirming my suspicion. Its hard to explain but it didn't sound like an ordinary loud noise if that makes sense, and my only explanation was some sort of pressure wave.
There is a really interesting book called Explosives Engineering (Paul W. Cooper) that has a section on the science behind shock waves and how they break down.
@@integral_chemistrythe shock wave is like a normal sound wave but the pressure rise is so high it goes into a nonlinear regime. Adibatic heating accelerates the front until it loses it's intensity which then it decays into a regular large amplitude wave. Up close an explosion from high explosives are felt more than heard and the sound is more like a sharp crack. When you get far it becomes a boom. Similar happens with lightning for the same reasons.
@@Slowly_Going_Mad SCIENCE IS FUN
@@Slowly_Going_Mad loved this more detailed explanation, very well said!
The history of nitroglycerine in the petroleum industry is fascinating. Oil City, Pennsylvania has a museum that covers it. Moonlighting was one of the results of nitroglycerine process theft. What was so surprising to me were the descriptions of various nitroglycerine unintended detonations- not only is it powerful but extremely brisant, and people caught in the explosions were often reduced to... well, bits. Broken teeth and mist would be found at the site. And those accidents weren't rare.
I fabricated nitro-glycol from purified antifreeze at age 16. While it is slightly less powerful than regular nitroglycerin, it still produced a small sonic boom from a single drop on first strike with a mallet. I had basic plugs in my ear but not properly fitted and i lost hearing for at least 5min. Constant tinutitus for at least 5-10min put the fear of god into me and i thankfully did a controlled deflagration of the several grams of it i had made alongside the other >25g sample of acetone peroxide i had at room temp. Do not make explosives... i think my crude reagents at the time lead to less sensitive products, but besides that and my constant fear, i can't explain why I still have all my fingers... do not do this shit... it's next level, and i promise if you're watching this, there's a good chance you dont have what it takes/the same dumb luck i experienced to pull it off. Never work on batches above 1g, never work with equipment that produces shrapnel, always have emergency cooling and neutralizing baths (im talking dry ice and pre prepared quench solutions assuming 100% of your batch)
There are some absolutely vital bits of advice there
This is excellent advice. I thankfully don't have personal experience like this to use when I say not to do this, but I really mean it. This stuff does not play around, and that single drop detonation I demonstrated was enough to pretty much put me off to energetics altogether.
">25 grams of acetone peroxide"
How tf are you alive
25g of TATP?! holy fuck dude. I feel panicky when around as little as 3g, and with full safety observed (handling it when slightly wet, only with plastic non static utensils, etc)
"25g of acetone peroxide"
Ah yes, the tree stump removal grenade💀
0:35
this from his wiki
"As a young man, Nobel studied with chemist Nikolai Zinin; then, in 1850, went to Paris to further the work. There he met Ascanio Sobrero, who had invented nitroglycerin three years before. Sobrero strongly opposed the use of nitroglycerin because it was unpredictable, exploding when subjected to variable heat or pressure. But Nobel became interested in finding a way to control and use nitroglycerin as a commercially usable explosive; it had much more power than gunpowder."
would indicate that his brother died because he was interested in trying to stabilize, not the other way around
Well I am on a list for sure after watching
1)How to make sodium azide
2)How to make fuming nitric acid
3)How to make nitroglycerine
in a row🥴🥴
Check out TNT next! (JK) but yeah I might be on some sort of list too idk
Pretty sure big brother has us all on a list just for being interested in science.
Trust me, we are all there
"I'm on a list.." == "I live under a tyrannical government"
ok google "how to masturbate without fingers"
Oh My! Nice!!! You've got an amazing thing going here. Keep up the great content.
Thank you so much!
When I was a kid in the Chicago area, WGN used to air Family Classics TV show had an episode called "Young Thomas Edison." At one point in the story, Young Edison was talking with a scientist on a train about this chemical he had created in his lab. The scientist immediately recognized it to be nitroglycerin. They had to stop the train and lower a bottle of it down a ravine with a long string. Since then, the notion of a liquid that would explode so easily fascinated me. Thanks for showing how wild this stuff really is.
Spoiler:
He mixed it with diatomaceous earth and stuffed it into a wooden tube sealed with wax.
*waxed paper tube* in the more or less final versions
The shockwave from this reaction is technically not a sonic boom, but only technically. They both produce a shockwave rather than ordinary sound, and the cause of that is still SOMEthing going faster than the speed of sound in air. They absolutely would sound the same, and if confined to a chemistry laboratory would probably look the same after one reflection.
The technicality is that one is created by an object moving through the air in excess of the speed of sound, creating a mach cone shaped shockwave, and the other is already a shockwave in some other medium, created by the chemical reaction front, and would probably not be cone shaped unless the medium in question is very long and narrow.
Otherwise, they are both shockwaves.
I only even mention this because I feel a scientist like yourself can appreciate this level of sheer pedantry.
@@CloudCuckooKing pretty sure that's why in the literature it's called a blast wave where the shock is the leading component of it.
At work, we used to have large drums delivered by Nobel containing a paste. In case of a fire, using water would have dissolved the the additives yielding the active ingredient.
The concentration wasn’t very high but during maintenance dried residue of it could set off a really bad headache.. 😉
Thank you for sharing your experience, I consider it important to inform people instead of just telling them not to do it.
The nitroglycerin droplet you were hitting was actually a large amount.
When testing a primary explosive, I usually use the size of 1~4 grain of table salt.
I really waiting for Rdx video . That is very interesting. Thanks for the video
Downloading...
His lawyer advised him to not complete this joke
Knowledge is power. It can be used for good or evil, but we should never make things too easy for the stupids.
Right up there with Cody’s lab making Yellow cake.
if yall wanted to know, nobel just soaked up the nitro into cat sand because for some reason it decreased its sensitivity
Diatomaceous earth
@@scrappydoo7887 yesss , i forgot what it was called , thank you
No you use wood pulp, sawdust, flour or starch for the mixture and you add a very small amount of antacid to neutralise any acidity of course stir the mixture before you add nitroglycerin.
For the love of good don’t freeze it so it’s semi froze that makes it even more dangerous. But it should be cold but still a liquid.
I think the reason why is because it gets rid of the micro bubbles that can fracture and cause a detonation I think.
Headaches like you wouldn't believe!
First few exposures cause pain, but one quickly adapts.
As a person gets more acclimatized to Nitro, going without is a complete nightmare!
Pain, convulsions...workers would carry nitro-tablets to deal with the pain over long weekends.
You mean, exposure to fumes?
@@aquanano1 I believe the drops if they touch your skin they get absorbed and make your heart race
There's some advice i heard on Explosions and fire. You don't have to use glassware with explosives, plastic cups will produce less deadly fragments. Of course the chemical resistance is also a concern, but worth considering.
Not with the synthesis in this video because of the reagents (use of WFNA was not necessary btw) but for some other synthesis requiring water as a solvent plastic is perfectly fine.
@@herrhaber9076I believe teflon cups are preferred for this reason. Expensive, I'm sure, but better than having your glass setup decide it'd rather be an improvised frag grenade.
@@mnxs Teflon is a little bit more expensive than quality glass but is great for a lot of things. Unfortunately you cant heat it much but that's about it.
I rarely use my teflonware though because I'd rather use it when I dont want the nucleation points made by scratched (used) glassware.
Tom uses simple drinking cups which I believe are polystyrene. Polystyrene doesnt react well to conc H2SO4 :)
Hey guys glad we made it on the list together
nice detonation vs deflagration aka fast burn 🔥
Homer! I never said you couldn’t, I said you probably shouldn’t!
Nitration of cofee filters is fun as it burns very fast, but has a secret. The paper becomes extremely acid resistant so you can filter out solutions like gold in aqua regia and other higly acidic compounds. Streight nitric acid isnt needed for making this either, a nitrate salt works just as well to create the nitric acid in situ ❤
Damn thats kinda cool
Already bought a sinter funnel for that stuff
Well i also needed it for really basic(caustic)stuff so
Yes, you are basically making plastic filter “paper”
But, of course, you cannot filter anything with organic solvents in it as it will just melt them
@@mduckernzI can't be sure of all that'd be happening when nitrating coffee filters, but shouldn't it just turn the paper into nitrocellulose? In that case, there's not very many things that would dissolve it.
Dark night of the soul before I ever mix up that stuff in my shop.
Yeah 0/10 don't recommend.. it's actually turned me off to all energetics which is sad because there's some much cooler ones out there.. probably get over it eventually
1:29 "and nothing else" 😂😂😂
LMAO I forgot I left that in the final cut
Thanks for the tutorial, mate.
(Nah, but this was a really interesting video, great editing.)
Thank you very much! Always appreciate substantial feedback :)
Hello my fellow people who are now on a list
List of cool people
🚁🚁🚁🚁🚁🚁👀👀👀👀👀
1:43 yes Nobel appreciated the irony. Quote from him: “It sounds like the irony of fate that I have been prescribed nitroglycerine - internally. They have named it Trinitrin in order not to upset the pharmacists and the public.”
Gotta download this quick. I also got the RDX video before it got taken down after a few hours
How do you download a video without premium? Probably just screen record, right?
@@andrewdoesyt7787 Someone is too new on ytdloading business it seems kek.
Which rdx video?
Would love to be able to do this stuff, but happy to see others whom I can live vicariously through
For the Nobel invention still has ONE video here on yt
Nitroglycerin wasn't the first discovered explosive stronger than black powder. That title belongs to fulminating gold c:
I was looking for this
The first affordable one
Mercury fulminate?
Now drink it
big headache coming your way if you do
Now imagining a 'edible chemistry' series, like NileRed, but very very much not like NileRed.
Its temping °^°
@queazocotal not sure if NRed will be up to much after the last exploit with Be 🫣
I worked for the Admiralty Research Establishment in Holton Heath Dorset. During WW2 it was a cordite factory. Nitroglycerin was produced 24 hours a day. One night there was a panic and the air raid warning was sounded. The lab dumped the batch of Nitroglycerin into the chamber under the lab.
The following morning the director was upset as it was a false alarm he ordered the Nitroglycerin be recovered.
They started to pressurise the chamber. The Nitroglycerin had gone acidic which makes it even more unstable.
The chamber exploded destroying the lab above and killing the two workers.
The explosion broke windows in Poole town 4.25 miles away.
well, considering your 38 special is propelled by a mixture of nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose, id say that is a fairly accurate assessment.
I have never seen a hobby chemist make more than 1g of nitro, and they used no glass vessels. One other thing is there is also a cold method for making TNT where the electro levels are such that you need to keep it at roughly 0C with 4C being where the reactions stop.
That's what I do too, use the ice bath to crash out nitrations. Less to clean after. Also, too late to not try it. Lol
Its definitely my go-to these days, not sure why I ever bothered using a whole separate beaker for literally no reason lol
@@integral_chemistry it's good to have enough water right there in case you have a runaway nitration too. Just tip the beaker over instead of having to carry it to a crash bucket. It's all around a better plan, just make sure you have enough water to completely quench the reaction.
I've made methyl nitrate & ethylene glycol dinitrate, but was a bit squeamish about glycerol trinitrate, and here's why. Liquid NG is shock & friction sensitive, as we all know, but is safe to handle, if due caution is exercised. Frozen NG is inert. It can't be detonated. But when it's transitioning between the solid & liquid phases, it's VERY sensitive! I've read stories about trucks employed to transport it, exploding, when their refrigeration systems failed. NG melts at 55 deg.F, so I imagine, it would go through freeze/thaw cycles, during a lab synthesis. When produced industrially, temperature is tightly controlled, and it never freezes. Any comments?
REally enjoy watching these chemical channels. I am, however, way too lazy to try any of it.
Another “Banger” ⚛️💥⚛️
c2n14 is just about as (shock) sensitive. (in the same order of magnitude) but more powerful and able to be set off in smaller quantities. It's notable as it's not (as) toxic as other explosives, only giving off various forms of nitrogen gas and a touch of carbon. I wonder if there's a viable method to produce it in, as it were, useful quantities. If the risk for using it as a weapon weren't so high, I'd enjoy a video series on seeing if it can become an ecologically safer explosive. no more heavy metals! no more strange toxic compounds
Perhaps I should consider joining your Patreon for access to exclusive videos like these.
lmao there will be a couple exclusive videos in time, right now there's only one since I put this here but I've got 4 more planned over the next couple months
I misread this as liquid nitrogen remained confused until you said it exploded and I finally reread it
Thanks for the upload.
I take nitroglycerin almost every day for my heart disease! It's a wonderful vasodilator, tingly and sweet in the mouth.
Comparing a small explosion to a revolver is the most American thing that I have heard
Great video. I would be scared as hell to make such a quantity of this compound since it is so unstable.
Even though i was allowed to make some explosiv chemicals under the suppervision of our university for a show at our university, i would still not perform this reaction under any circumstances. And i would definitely not recommend to perform this reaction to anyone without chemical knowledege, except if you like to loose your fingers, hand or what ever is to close to it.
But thanks for the vid and the insight into this compound. 😁
I love seeing you make stuff so i don't have to 😊
Got to do a little deep dive on this stuff when I worked in explosives safety. Scary is right.
In A Level Chem, we made di-nitro phenol (same method as TNT, but phenol instead of toluene & did not go the last step to make Tri Nitro Phenol). We were warned to take care as we could make an explosive that could self detonate if we were not careful!
Nitro glycerin production is More dangerous? No signing the lab ceiling there then…
"Kaboom?"
"Yes Rico, kaboom"
Super! Thank you very much!
If I remember correctly, fuming nitric acid is not required for this synthesis, azeotropic nitric acid should work too, which makes it even more accessible (and dangerous).
Also aside from the explosion hazard, inhaling the fume of nitroglycerine also produce very acute headaches that anyone making it should beware of.
aaaaaand now we're all on another watch list.. well done! ;p
I thought you would get a ceiling fan coupon for being on that list?
When I was a teenager, I had absolutely zero chest pains, thanks Amyl Nitrate
It’s called dynamite because NG was mixed with diatomaceous earth to stabilize it.
shhhh lol
Sorry, but the part about its name is incorrect... It's a common misconception. The part about using diatomaceous earth is correct but the name dynamite has nothing to do with that material being used... A quote direct from Wikipedia, sourced from American Heritage and Collins Dictionary: "Nobel originally sold dynamite as 'Nobel's Blasting Powder' and later changed the name to dynamite, from the Ancient Greek word dýnamis (δύναμις), meaning 'power'."
im fairly sure in the mechanism oxygen acts as a nucleophile not an electrophile and attacks the nitrogen of the nitronium ion forming an oxonium ion that loses a proton regenerating the acid and making the end product
0:45 I will tell you guys. He stabilized nitroglycerin by mixing it with diatomaceous earth, which is where the name dynamite is partially derived from.
Just curious, how were you legally able to make this? Can I legally do it in a lab if it’s just a minor amount?
Less than 5 grams and don't store it
Looks like the cotton nitroglycerin would be an excellent fuel for a model rocket provided that you take the right precautions
Fun fact: the reason nitroglycerin is so shock sensitive is due to presence of microbubbles in the liquid. When it is struck, those microbubbles compress and heat up, causing a deflagration to detonation transition. Alfred Nobel's method of stabilizing nitroglycerin effectively eliminates these microbubbles.
Production of NitroG at home just isn't a good idea. Of all the energetic options, this one just seems to be more of a pain in the rear than anything. Being a liquid really complicates it's utilization and burning it gets old quickly. Great for this demonstration, and historically relevant as a turning point in medical and explosives development.
Thank you for the video, and history lesson.
I was literally biting my nails just watching this video.
Unrelated question, but does anyone know where a fella could get some fuming nitric acid? Asking for a friend
Its usually cripplingly expensive or inaccessible, so I've always just made it from scratch lol
(also don't try to make this)
5:08 that metal needle against the glass seems dangerous
“It’s about as loud as a .38 special”
Ah, a man of culture
LMAO no idea why that's the best comparison I could think of
Dynamite is NG, diatomaceous earth, and sometimes dried wood pulp.
Dude .. 7 grams is a lot. Handling it in glass is likewise not smart.
Those guys back in the day making drums full of the stuff .. nightmare fuel right there.
Yeah I agree.. I meant to mention that the very first synthesis was 20g which detonated and lodged glass shards in ascanio sobrero's face. I kind of just didn't expect the percent yield to be quite so high or I would have scaled it back a good deal.. And yeah I've read (and heard) stories that absolutely horrify me, totally not surprised at the frequency of accidents back in the day.
@@integral_chemistry gotta remember that safety standards were a lot lower back then.
Like you'd never make a child work 20 hours a day, or shove their Lil arm into a death trap because something jammed. That was a typical Monday at one point.
If it exceed 30 degrees is highly dangerous. The sealing of the containers used to carry the nitro were the big problem. The containers were leaking and shaking together. Also the hot weather was a big problem.
That's why many accident occurs.
You left out Hemorrhoids and GTN!
(Giving me a headache just thinking about it)
Nice work 👍
Oh and another word of caution as to why no one should make it, if you get a drop on your skin you could pass out from how thin it makes your blood and if you don't pass out you'll still feel SICK
Ahh yesss, another one on the energetics list of to dos. 😎
Thank you for the video. May I suggest to make your videos more interesting and score more likes that you be less "monotonic" in your narration.
No problem! and thanks for the advice, it is something I'm working on (and believe it or not its a lot better than it used to be lol). It feels weird trying to force the genuine enthusiasm I have when I'm sitting in front of a mic, but I feel it comes with experience.
I made some almost 40 years ago as a teenager. I didn't get hurt or cause any collateral damage, but still the dumbest thing I've ever done in my life. I won't comment about what he gets right or wrong except to say that if you try to replicate what you see, keep the temperature in the beeker cold enough to turn antifreeze into a slush and wear plastic protective garments. Better yet, just don't
.38 special, like any other cartridge, does not have a single fixed muzzle velocity; the specific velocity would depend on the bullet, grain, barrel length, etc.
(SABASTIN) potassium nitrate with sulfuric acid and cotton dissolves in nitroglycerine to make gelignite.
_Dun dew it dun make nitro._
Chemists taking ergot and making trippy stuff: aight
This sh!t terrifies me. I wouldn't be in the same building with it, much less a home lab.
1,000,000,000,000% this chemical is in the "f that, going to watch videos on it instead" category.
Y'all stay safe out there!!
Hey mate, the nitronium ions are electrophillic, same as in nitration of aromatic compounds.Glycerols hydroxide oyxgen atoms are nucleophilic, not electrophilic as you said.
No nitroglycerin was NOT the first explosive that was considered more powerful than black powder. Before nitroglycerin we had other explosive like mercury and gold fulminate. We just couldn’t use it too often because of their sensitivity 🤓
Very good point, all the fulminates are a good deal older.. I guess I should have clarified "non-primary explosive" but regardless good catch.
@ no worries! I enjoyed the video. I think by todays standard nitroglycerin would be considered a primary explosive because of its sensitivity. Even when it was soaked in diatomaceous earth or saw dust and made into dynamite.
just a few days ago i read that you can mix this with diatomaceous earth to make a "solid" wrap that in something like paper to restrict expansion and add a fuse to create dynamite.
would you mind trying an experiment to see if that is valid?
So what license did you need before you made nitro?
What quantity could you have made without the BATFinks knocking on your door really hard?
Dude! I had no idea potassium permanganate was a scheduled chemical
Weeehee ! Nitroglycerin with a stir bar ! :)
Nitration reactions really very dangerous and interesting side of chemistry. You need be accurate and careful wit h working with them. I tried making trinitrotoluene from zero experience it took me many months to analyze and learn the process. It is really hard for making it from zero. But after making it it gam me a lot of experience.
What you do with the leftover chemicals
I neutralize the rinse water with sodium hydroxide and then dump it. Unlike TNT, this reaction doesn't produce any carcinogenic or environmentally toxic byproducts.
@@integral_chemistry thx i think if you did some videos how to deal with leftover chemicals will be good to watch
Thanks for the public tutorial on how to make a class A explosive! I'll be sure to use this for trustworthy purposes only any not for any illegality whatsoever.
Its the cooling of the product or the icebath thats really important.
He said he wouldn’t give us details on the dynamite process, but I’m pretty sure you just absorb nitroglycerin in diatomaceous soil.
Any cool experiments to do with sublingual nitroglycerine tablets I have my grandpas old tab vial because I thought it looked cool and it was full. I want to do something cool with it in his memory
Bro's just hitting an explosive with a hammer for "science" lol
hehe
tatp next if u want scary things
That's okay, isekai manga have already taught me how to stabilize nitroglycerin into dynamite.
“Don’t try this reaction yourself”
But what If I’m being hunted down by a time traveling murder robot from the future?
Getting your hands on fuming nitric is the problem. I have 70 percent from the lab, but supposedly that’s not strong enough?
Malzemeleri bulmak kolay sentezlemek zor. Ve bir de saklamak. Havaya uçabilirsin 🥲
very great👌 .
You can also make tetryl?
Hello sir..i have dout ple help me.. which chemical solution will pull automatically forward of sweeing needle 3-5 grams...ple tell me cas number of chemical... which chemical pull sweeing needle automatically near 1 to 2 inch