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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 พ.ค. 2024
- Until recently, fossil evidence for modern humans has only gone back 200,000 years. A new discovery in Morocco and thermoluminescence dating may help extend that beyond 300,000 years.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
www.nature.com/news/oldest-hom...
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www.nature.com/news/oldest-anc...
www.nature.com/nature/journal...
anthro.palomar.edu/homo2/mod_h...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
journals.plos.org/plosone/arti...
anthro.palomar.edu/homo2/mod_h...
www.thoughtco.com/luminescenc...
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Love SciShow for not jumping on the bandwagon like lots of other channels do and jump to conclusions. Here they put to us all of the data, not just the parts people will pick up, draw a conclusion, and run to the hills with. A+ for informatively putting it accords as usual!
Plus sci show typically do a follow up video when something they say is incorrect
+tbird81 Aren't they? Do you have some examples?
Not saying you are right or wrong. I am merely making sure I draw a well researched and evidence based conclusion.
+tbird81 Why do you blame her? Do you really think that she is the only one to write this show?
(édit:) And I already seen some bad informations from this show. And they wheren't specificly from here.
(édit2:) I'm french. So if anyone want to correct my english it's good for me :)
+tbird81. Thank you.
If one looks in the video description and clicks on "show more" you will see a list of "Sources." Unless one is an expert in a particular discipline this is really all we have to go on for whether the information is correct or not. If a person is an "expert" then the comments section may be a venue for making corrections but a better place would be to click on the "SciShow" in the video title and go to the Channel's home page, then click on "About" and then send a private "Message" to the creators. They will then have the information they need to determine if a correction or follow-up video is necessary.
2:38
Imagine an early homo sapiens saying: Wait I'm just quickly reseting the electron content of the quartz crystals in my tool. And his friend is like: wtf dude?!
My version:
*Early:* _"Wait!; before going to hunt, I have to release the starlight from the shiny rock on my tool with the heat of the sunchild."_
*Friend:* _All of this rituals are taking too long! I am hungry!"_
Magalter right, because they spoke English.
Magalter, you don't need an early homo sapiens for that, a regular modern one should give you the same answer, too.
im sure they didnt even have words for "electron". or even "resetting" and "content."
I know right?! I just casually heat up all my belongings once in a while just to make sure...
very good video!
My anthropology and paleoanthropology professor contributed to this discovery by the analisys of the teeth of Jebel Irhoud and he presented the results last week during our "laboratory's friday meeting"!
Excellent post, correct the word analysis
a lot of history has been lost to time
hey... I actually just did an exam (partly) on how to derive the spectral lines for electron spin resonance. such serendipity in scishow
I'm soooooooo mixed up right now. I systematically watch ads to support SciShow as best I can.
I'm getting SciShow/Crash Course/PBS Space Time ads, some of my favorite channels I'm subscribed to. Now I have to skip the ad to keep from costing the ad view on the channels I want to watch ads to help support!?!
Ad Views are worth about $0.001 to $0.0025 depending on the channel. If the channel caters to emotionally centric personalities that actively respond and click on ads, the channel can make 5-10 times as much through ad click revinue instead of ad views.
Seems to me the problem is at some point the differences between various human types becomes so subtle it's going to be hard to define "modern".
the really interesting thing with the older dating is that the Homo Sapiens most likely did not just live together with Neanderthalers, as previously thought, but also with other human 'species'.
I love it when Hank can barely contain his enthusiasm. He looked like he was about to start jumping when he was talking about how they dated the remains. That enthusiasm is contagious.
Either that, or someone behind the camera was trying to make him lose it during filming.
It's interesting that flint blades seem actually to have been "cooked" by later humans to improve its performance as a weapon...
The 500,000 divergence only means that our lineages split. It doesn’t indicate speciation. Both Neanderthals and Heidelbergensis and possibly erectus. It’s hard because you can’t point to a fossil and say “hey that’s the first sapien”.
Thanks for clearing this up for us, guys!
What's the difference between hominins and hominids? I've only heard the latter until watching this channel.
Hominids is a term that encompasses all Great Apes. Hominins is a subset that refers specifically to humans and our direct ancestors.
Sources: australianmuseum.net.au/hominid-and-hominin-whats-the-difference and www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/whats-in-a-name-hominid-versus-hominin-216054/
SciShow thanks for the info!
Leaving a link to the study/research is the best thing ever since the big bang
In zoologic taxonomy, words ending in "id" mean a group of related animals, and the ones ending in "ins" means a very close related group of species. The same for example is Canids and Canines. Canids include wolves and dogs, jackals, foxes and others. But foxes arent, taxonomically speaking, canines. Usually this closer groups' names also refer to the main genre of the core species of the group, like Canis, or Homo in the initial question.
Well whenever I'm not outdated and my information is not obsolete, because taxonomy has changed a little in the last years and tbh i havent properly checked all the changes.
We have already kind of known about this for a long time. humans older than 160,000 years are typically called archaic homo sapien or just homo sapiens with fossils ranging from 600,000-200,000 years old. Modern humans from roughly 160,000 years ago to modern day are homo-sapien.SAPIENS or homo sapiens II. There are distinct differences between the two. Archaics are typically more robust and have variable skull structures.
A large part of the reason we say anatomically modern humans evolved in East Africa is because that's largely where we find the fossils. The Great African Rift Valley has given us a lot of fossils, so we say that's where the humans must have been, even though we have no evidence to say that that's the only place they were. So yeah, a pan-African view does make a lot of sense.
It specifically doesn't hold weight when you understand that Homo Erectus has been found in China and the middle East
@@LordDirus007 Genetic evidence points towards an African origin for modern humans, not an Asian origin. Gina Woolsey is just pointing out that we assumed it was East African because there aren't great fossil remains in many other parts of Africa like there are in the Rift Valley.
@@LordDirus007 Judging by the fact that Europe was occupied by Neanderthals and Asia by Denisovans, modern humans probably couldn't have evolved there without becoming one with those populations or out competing them, so African human evolution makes the most sense based on that alone (besides the fact that all the basal sapiens lineages are in Africa)
@Zacobie Dyer they have less than 10% neanderthal and denisovan ancestry, the rest is modern human ancestry
love you guys keep your good job up :-)
TheRealSeal woah that escalated
The idea of an electron clock in flint is a super cool thing! Wow!
Thank you for the subtitles .
The difficulty with tracing this stuff back so far.... The climate in all of the these places... Sea levels, ice caps, etc... Has changed multiple times over the course of 200 - 300,000 years... The Sahara has probably flipped between desert and lush multiple times...
WoW, I am from Morocco, so I am your grandpa 😁😁😁😁😁😈
❤😂
you've got to love science, thanks, keep up the great work
This electron spin resonance stuff is really interesting
Love it, thank you!!
So much fascinating information, yet the biggest question is whatttt was happening to the audio??
I love learning about techniques such as thermoluminescence. Even when realizing that scientists themselves can’t start one of these procedures without having so many doubts about the processes and their results
Very well explained.
East Africa is still thought to be where the H.Sapiens line diverged from H.Neanderthalis some 450,000 BP by latest estimate.
I had seen something once about neadrothal and dionysian may have lived alongside homo sapian at some points in history. They also showed that a significant amount of genetic markers from homo sapien can also be found in Neanderthals and dionysian species. Interesting stuff
what if maybe a common ancestor between homo sapiens and Neanderthals lived in North Africa, maybe even the middle east, and some of them went North where Neanderthals evolved and some of them went South where homo sapiens evolved. This could even explain Denisovans of which could have been a result of a common ancestor migrating to Asia. This is just a theory and I think it's pretty interesting.
Well, homo heidelbergensis dates to 700,000 to 500,000 years ago and fossils of that hominid are found from europe south africa and east africa and is considered to be a common ancestor of both. They two groups probably diverged sometime during the changing climate period around which many of the megafauna died out or migrated to different parts of the earth.
Homo erectus has been found in China as well as the Middle East.
"you and i might be older than we thought........... not us personally"
i've resisted but............ i love you hank
More knowledge for my brain case!
so proud to finaly see my country on this channel :')
Also interesting to note there is more evidence being discovered that at least some human populations developed from hunter gatherer cultures earlier than though as well, though this progress would have been halted or even set back by the flooding at the end of the ice age which may have killed some populations, or at least forced human populations to relocate as the climate changed.
Are you sure they evolved into us? because I see kids at my school that look and act like primitive humans
They hunt with knapped-flint spears in packs??? D: D: D:
yeah in packs, but instead of spears they use their Starbucks containers
@@Lunacy4 Necroposting here, but I thought it would be important to point out that in my experience, cardboard is considerably harder to knap than stone. It doesn't so much flake as it does bend out of shape or grind to dust
I think thats just your black friends
yeah, with that kind of thinking i think you're one of them in disguise
Wow, this science is mind bending.
can you talk about how there were fossils found in the balkans that pushed back the origin date of the human lineage?
Damn that age determination technique was intense!
so, we're running into taxonomy issue of where exactly one species starts and the other ones end?
Your word "exactly" is nonsensical in this case.
I think an older origin of Humans would be the only way to explain some Historical misteries...
Who the crap are the 59 people who would dislike this at the time I am posting this? How could anyone dislike this?
I really wish he'd said "Homo heidelbergensis" instead of "Homo erectus" when discussing archaic humans. It's true that H. erectus is being reevaluated as being a possible ancestor to modern humans (and maybe even the same species as H. ergaster, making it also the ancestor of H. heidelbergensis), but H. heidelbergensis is still the generally-accepted ancestor of H. sapiens, and those taking notes from this video might be misled.
last time i was this early........... humans still thought the earth was flat. oh wait.
I din't know that TH-cam was older than Classic Greece.
Thanks, SciShow, for not getting all sensationalist on us.
The Jebel Irhoud Homo sapiens braincases which appear to be more elongated than globe-shaped are "composite fossils" meaning these scientists are acknowledging they assembled pieces from different individuals to create a more complete skull. Since when is this an acceptable practice with any kind of fossil? Wasn't it a big controversy when that Archeoraptor fossil published by NatGeo turned out to be a composite fossil? Doesn't this undermine the significance of any apparent distinguishing characteristics?
you are all from morocco my county !!!
It seems that heating flint/chert makes it easier to work. Could this heating be on purpose and not accidentally?
Awesome
I love how this video taught us anthropology, archeology, geology, and chemistry :)
Yes! I watch them all!
there is no missing link we are like these from beginning
As new Evidence, information and information processing routines come about so should our understanding.
I am tempted to think these are Homo sapiens primigenius, rather than Homo sapiens sapiens, given the shape of the front of the skull, and size of the brain cases. People also tend to forget there was a bottle-neck 70,000 yrs ago, when all other H. sapiens subspecies went extinct.
damn..I really wish Sci show got more views
So just semantics like if Pluto is a planet or not. Or is there something more to this discovery than that?
Please guys do a video about our first forms of communication, or proto-languages.
@0.18
what's that arrow about?!
if that were walking along the pavement toward me, I would cross the street.. in no short order
IF WE EVOLVED FROM MODERN HUMANS HOW COME THERE ARE STILL MODERN HUMANS!?
TheRealSeal kinda makes you think huh
TheRealSeal to down vote roblox letsplay reaction videos
If microwaveovens evolved from ovens, then why is there still ovens around?
humanception
what if our ancestor is actually our descendant from post-apocalyptic future who time travel to the past and gave birth for our species.
Modern humans have been on this earth for more than 200000 years yets we cannot trace our history to more than 10,000 years, it is stranger than fiction
Because we didn't write or or anything like that until thousands of years ago. We can still trace some very old history(or so called prehistory) from archeology and other fields, but it's just not as clear or common as more recent history.
Why did it take you guys almost 10 days to finally make a video about this?
I think so. Possibly the dna that we think we have in common with Neanderthal and denisovans is actually sapien dna. Introduced muc earlier than we thought.
1. What happened to the font?
2. Homo sapiens are not ancestors of older "Human like people".
Yeah I was skeptical when I saw the picture of the skull first time. The jaw seemed to protrude too far forward unlike modern humans.
Hasn't mitochondrial eve been dated to 250k years ago for a while now? This would fall in line with the 300k date at this site.
in rare cases tho no? Not an easy task at all.
@@TheInsaiyan i think you responded to the wrong post.
@Jasta 2 Mitochondrial Eve is not presuposed to be the first woman, just the most recent last common ancestor of all living woman. The thing is that this is a moving date. As in it can only move forward in time as woman die with out giving birth tonany daughters, then Mitochondrial Eve moves forward in time. So we would not expect Mitochondrial Eve to be as old as the first modern Human/Homo Sapien. In fact Y Chromosomal Adam is over 100,000 years younger than Mitochondrial Eve for this very reason.
The Jebel Irhound remains still show archaic characteristics and do not fall within the range of modern human variation. They are just anatomically similar enough to us that anthropologists arbitrarily called them the same species as us.
I've got an interesting question what if a human, mammal, reptile or even a dinosaur that died at lets say just 500k yrs mark for instance, what if they died of radiation specifically how would that effect carbon dating if at all? throw in any other time you want aswell
Imagine explaining thermoluminescence to the guys who made the tools
Hey, "Jebel" or "Jabal" or "Jebal" or however you wanna spell it, means "Mountain" in Arabic, so it's Irhoud Mountain :)
Yours truly,
An Arab fan
It's jbel and It's in moroccan :)
@@ridabendarkaoui7367 they speak arabic in Morocco my dude
@@thekingdfn1001 i am moroccan mate :)
@@ridabendarkaoui7367 Well then you should know "Moroccan" is not a language, it's a dialect.
بالفصحة، هي جبل، مع فتح الجيم والباء، وضم اللام
In other words, it's Jabal.
@@thekingdfn1001 and what you don't want to understand is, we are not arabs and when we spell the word "jabal" we spell it "j'bel" and not jabal because when the arabs invaded north Africa the people couldn't speak well in Arabic and the racist arabs who ruled us in that time made our grand parents speak in Arabic or the second choice was discrimination and also killing!
People don't change their nationality or their ethnicity. You wanted us to change them. Our region is known as north-Africa and you name it the Arab West, you keep saying that we are arabs and we don't have anything to do with you! Your lifestyle, your language, your altitude and the way we treat our women is also different! We are not you and you are not us! Leave us alone!
So someone owes us a lot of cake🤔🙌🏻👀
A human within a consecutive water deposited sediment layer would be someone that lived before the global flood, someone that died in the global flood.
Geology is the result of the global flood.
video question idea, how does carbon dating work?
MY COUNTRY MOROCCOOOOOOOOO
Hi Morocco, good morning!
@@bruceanderson7762 you're moroccan too and the rest of world 😆😁
Skull shape is still variable, my own father had a very long skull compared to his children...
am i the only one to notice that the audio is off by 3-5 frames?
What about the dinosaur mummy? The super well preserved dinosaur they've found recently.
"Homo Erectus" xD I know I'm being a child, but still it's pretty funny aha
Very funny🥴now get back to us when you’re all grown up. Mummy needs to restrict your screen time. Bedybyes
@@jandrews6254 bruh
What about the Omo Kibish?
I would like to see more of the bones than just the skull before coming to any conclusions, because to me, that skull does not look at all homo sapien; the protruding jaw, the angle of the mandible, the sloping forehead, the thick protruding brow ridge, let alone the brain case as you mentioned... looks a lot more like homo neanderthalensis or homo erectus to me
Hank I have another idea to throw out there. The average age must have been close to about 30 back then. Even in just the span of one of those lifetimes our earliest ancestors could've spread elsewhere even if just a handful .every family or tribe has the wandering offspring and it's possible our earliest ancestors could've traveled to Africa.i got that idea because those bones were excavated in Morocco a coastline which right above is France who's genome just so happens to not be related to anyone else's strangely... Hmm lol ..i would love to hear your thoughts and possible corrections on this thought experiment 🖖
The average is irrelevant.
The reason the average was so low is because of infant mortality.
For a more modern example, the average was mid-30's in the 1800's.
But if they lived to 21, making into their 60's was easy, and living into their 70's and even 80's wasn't even remotely uncommon.
But when around 30% of the children born die before the age of 6, just from the diseases we have vaccines for, and you throw in those that died from all other reasons, your average is going to look like crap.
I've seen numbers that showed counting all causes of death, about 30% died in their first year, but have not verified that.
Cradle of humanity... cradle of life.... now I'm thinking about Tomb Raider.
Jebel means mountain fyi
well that's the first time I've seen kilo-years.
just noticed the ring
I've wondered, If we dig up all the old bones on earth and put them in a few storage locations around the world and something devastating happens to humanity, then future humans may have nothing useful to accurately figure out where and when things existed.
I love this show and am excited when I see new content! I have recently heard of a theory about how humans got our consciousness and it seems pretty wild. It states that we got our consciousness from eating psychedelic mushrooms, called the stoned ape theory. Is there any backing to this? And if so could you do a video on it? Thank you!
I look out of place when I walk down the street
The last time I was this early, humans were called Homo heidelbergensis
*This January humanity will already be celebrating the Modern year 12020, since first construction of **_Göbeli Tepe_** in what is today Southeast Turkey.*
But I don't think modern society really kicked in until _I Love Lucy_ was first broadcast in 1951. Of course _The Flintstones_ lived even farther back during the Stone age. Then there's the Bone age when we made tools out of animal skeletons, back when Bernie Sanders was a kid.
So what about Graecopithecus freybergi?
Btw, the word "Jebel" means mountain in Arabic, Morrocans speak Arabic
not entirely true, around half of moroccans speak Tamazight (berber) as a first language. jebel indeed means mountain; whereas "Ighoud" and not "irhoud" is a tamazight word that means "perfectly beautiful".
massinissa ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵙⴰ
its "irfoud" buddy
mohamed houari كتنطق إيغود ا خويا
and Jeb EL is indicating the GOD: EL...
as in the BibEL... ELders... ELite, ELohim, ELude.... angEL: GabriEL, RaphaEL, MichaEL... ELisha means EL is Yahewh... Bealiah means Baal is Yahweh... EzekiEL, NathaniEL...DaniEL...?? is there something as big as an ELephant or the tower of BabEL right in front of us..??
EL was known as Saturn / Chronus to the greeks and Romans....and the ancient Phoenician word for the Wandering star ( planet) we call Saturn was: Israel ( warrior of EL)... Ohhh Snap!!!
Google Image Yahweh and his Asherah: and you will see the BullGod of the Levant, and his wife, who was the Queen of Heaven, but now is called the Whore of Babylon... and thier Son Baal, YES that Baal... who was a StornGod... known as Saturns son: Zeus... ohhh Snap!!!
no, Moroccan people speaks Arabic
There weren't 'archaic' humans ancestors before us. They were perfectly formed to fit their environment for millions of years.
Putting quartz crystals in a *fire* allows for thermoluminescence *dating?* There's an app for that... Tinder.
Sorry, not your best work.
pranamd1 Yeah, I wonder where I went wrong. It's a double-pun on "Tinder," so I think it's clever, but maybe it's just not funny. Oh well, I tried. ^_^
I was something related to sex...? I guess =/
i can appreciate a pun. good or bad.
I hate you soo much right now... lolo
Huh, I didn't realize sci-show was allowed to cover recent human evolution
The electron dating seems questionable. What if the flint wasnt heated sufficiently to free all the electrons. Let's get other supporting data, like the age of the escavation layer....anything other that electron buildup.
6000 years or around there Max.
Drop the DNA test! You're Moroccan like i am
160 +- 16 KYR
so is it inaccurate by 16 KYR or 16 YR?
Whoa there hank....people that made these claims 10 years ago were deemed academically crazy.....
So why isn't there a SciShow Psych news segment?
I know that simplifications need to be made, but the statement that sunlight contains electrons is a bit misleading.
no .. what we measure is the electrons ... and sunlight does contain electrons; photons are produced (light) when electrons are excited and change state; it's very applicable to say that sunlight contains electrons for the purpose of this explanation. "An important technique in testing samples from a historic or archaeological site is a process known as thermoluminescence testing, which involves the principle that all objects absorb radiation from the environment. This process frees electrons within elements or minerals that remain caught within the item. Thermoluminescence testing involves heating a sample until it releases a type of light, which is then measured to determine the last time the item was heated.
In thermoluminescence dating, these long-term traps are used to determine the age of materials: When irradiated crystalline material is again heated or exposed to strong light, the trapped electrons are given sufficient energy to escape. In the process of recombining with a lattice ion, they lose energy and emit photons (light quanta), detectable in the laboratory.
The amount of light produced is proportional to the number of trapped electrons that have been freed which is in turn proportional to the radiation dose accumulated." Just saying ...
those who watched "Ancient Aliens" documentaries know this long ago... all in all I think that in the end it will turn out that those documentaries are more true than the present knowledge and science about ancient humans...