Microprocessor Memory in tamil

Mico-Controller Memory
Micro-controllers are usually used for a single application, and in contrast to general purpose computers usually execute only a single program for the entire life. In this case, the program is usually also stored in ROM. Most microcontrollers contain an in-built EPROM or ROM. The latter allows them to be programmed and re-programmed. This type of microcontoller is often to be found in laboratories were software is being developed. The contents of the memory is "erased" by exposing the "window" on top of the chip to strong ultra-violet light. This erases all data in the chip (it can not be used to erase a single byte), but allows the entire chip to re-programmed.
Types of memory
There are two basic kinds of memory used in microprocessor systems - commonly called Read Only Memory and Read / Write Memory, but more usually called ROM and RAM - "Read Only Memory" and "Random Access Memory". The program may be stored in ROM or RAM - the program does n ot normally change while it executes - while data is stored in the registers and RAM. Of course, if you turn off the chip and turn it on again, you have lost all the contents of the registers, and RAM.
In a typical computer , as much as possible (including most of the program instructions and all the data) is in RAM, to give the maximum possible flexibility; you have basic programmes allowing you to interact with discs, keyboards and the display in ROM, and load in as much of the software as possible when you run the programs. Storing these in ROM means they always available, even when the computer has only just been switched on.
RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is usually used for storing programs and data in a computer. Most computers also use some Read Only Memory (ROM) or Erasable-Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM). This stores programs (or libraries of procedures) which do not need to be changed. (This usuallly includes the program that is executed when the computer is first turned on, and the procedures required to access permanently connected peripherals - such as the keyboard, display, disk drive, ...).
Static RAM is composed of D-Type Flip-Flops, and is extremely fast, however it is also expensive. It is therefore usually reserved for applications requiring a high speed (such as graphics display memory or cache memory).The main computer memory is usually formed from Dynamic RAM (DRAM), which uses an array of "capacitor" storage elements. Although slower than SRAM, it is also much cheaper, and therefore it usually possible to buy many MB of Dyanmic RAM per computer.
ROM
There are a number of different types of ROM; the cheapest, when produced in very large quantities, is "Masked ROM", often just called ROM. Here the individual voltages (bits) are fixed high or low when the chip is made, and cannot be altered; they are determined by the pattern of connections in the mask used to make the chip.
The diagram below gives an idea of the implementation of a ROM. The outputs of the open-drain transistors are logic '0' (when selected by a logic '1' on the 'word line') only if their source terminals are grounded when the ROM is program is created in silicon ­ other wise logic '1' is maintained by a pull-up resistor.
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