How Earth Creates Its Magnetic Field
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ย. 2024
- How turbulent convection currents in Earth's outer core make its magnetic field
This video is a prequel to one that will appear here: ve42.co/Spin
Huge thank you to Prof. Jon Aurnou who spent a lot of time explaining how planetary magnetic fields are created. He changed a lot of my preconceptions. His youtube channel is here:
/ spinlabucla
His research page is here: ve42.co/SpinLab
OK, so what were my preconceptions?
1. That the Earth's magnetic field is a passive thing - it shouldn't need a continuous input of energy to maintain itself (that seemed reasonable to me because the magnetic field has been around for a long time and it seems mostly stable). But as it turns out, the Earth is a giant electromagnet, and so of course those currents dissipate their energy as they encounter resistance in the liquid metal through which they flow. So the energy to continuously create these currents comes from the kinetic energy of the liquid metal flows in the Earth's outer core.
2. If it's convection, I'm thinking hot things rising, cooler things falling. But apparently the main effect driving convection is the compositional differences at the boundary with the Earth's inner core. This is because of the differential freezing at the boundary. Things like iron freeze into the inner core, while elements like sulfur do not. Hence the pockets of lighter material which then rise outwards.
3. I didn't get why the fluid motion was necessary for the generation of the magnetic field. I mean if it's a conducting liquid, it can conduct currents whether it moves or not. But the key is that the liquid metal can 'trap' magnetic fields. I imagine this like how iron channels magnetic fields. Then once these fields are channeled, they can be pulled and stretched, making more magnetic field.
4. Fluids operate very differently in rotating frames of reference. This is something I didn't intuitively grasp. But, as fluids move from the inner core outwards, those particles are moving much more slowly in the direction of rotation than the matter that has been there for a long time, which means the convection currents get deflected and form helices.
Listening to Prof. Arnou's explanation made possible my explanation in the other video (it's really just a summary of what he says here). So thanks Prof. Arnou!
"Not to scale". Thanks, I wasn't sure!
😐oohhkayy….
Great video! I would love part two with the topic of "how we actually know all this things". Like how can we know the chemical composition of the core? What proves this theory besides that it fits the observation of large scale magnetic field? etc.
👍🏽👍🏽👍🏽👍🏽 exactly my thoughts!
one way we know the chemical composition of the core is from chondrites that can be dated back to the time of earth's formation. basically meteorites were pieces of earth's core that didn't get trapped when the earth formed.
"Where is it coming from?" Is the most important question.
"and who put it there?" as phoebe said...
Mantal part
Yeah he doesn’t make that clear. Naturally in the earth’s core there are charges/ions, I guess in a much higher quantity than in normal matter. The motion of these charges is what generates the field. Scientists think this motion is greatest at the boundary between the solid and liquid cores
Motion of ions
Zeb Oh!! Thanks fam, that helps me understand a bit better. So is it like the concept of the “sea of electrons” in metallic bonding?
I can't wait for the day that they can make a model of the earths magnetic field that is made the same exact way that earth makes its magnetic field. But obviously I wont hold my breath
U ever think u could use magnets for energy?
@@letstacoboutit8205 obviously the real way Earth's magnetic field is produced is because the earth and sun are electrically connected through birkland currents that you can see with the naked eye... northern lights, Aurora...it also explains why the earth spins..follows the right hand rule.. claiming that the heat that is in Earth's core comes from gravity is total BS... must be a coincidence that electric currents produce heat as well
@@metou3072 I mean could we use it in a way of a unlimited source some way to harness the electrical field idk too much up on it u knw just researching
@@letstacoboutit8205 no.. magnetism is from protons...and electricity is nothing more than moving magnetism
If you are interested in making your own energy usually storing it is the issue because batteries are expensive... capacitors are the future not batteries but in my opinion use electricity generated to lift a weight connected to a generator so when you want to use it release the weight to spin the generator...or if you have the batteries to store energy use your car to charge batteries as your battery in your car is only used for starting the car. You waste a lot of energy driving your car around and not capturing all the energy it can produce...you need to learn about diodes...like solar panels use... electricity behaves exactly like water in a pipe... EXACTLY...so if u can understand that then you should have no problem understanding electricity and ways to generate it...if I was you I would save information that you think that you will need later in life cause the internet will not always be there
Miss this channel so much!
This simulation is just too damn complicated. No creater would create a simulation this sophisticated
Why would the dipole be composed of quadruples? Also, changing magnetic fields generate currents, typically eddy currents, which just heats up the metals. I'm skeptical.
The magnetic field cause the fluid to stretch and create the Earths magnetic field. How did the first magnetic field come??
wikipedia said nobody really knows but they guess it's the sun's magnetic field; it was way stronger billions of years ago
One possibility is that the liquid outer core in friction with solid inner core produced electric charges that in movement through the metal induced little initial magnetic fields.
God created everything
@@josyjoy2836 if you are so sure about what you think why are you here? Please don't spam the comment section of scientific viedos
Finally some in depth analysis.
This was absolutely lovely to listen to. And I don't see it as complex, really. Instead of smashing atoms together, it smashes electro magnetic fields together and boom! it protects us 🙃😛
Absolutely wonderful 😊
Interesting, yet I've never seen the heat radiating from the core through the mantle being factored into the calculations regarding global temperatures in the climate models. Also, I didn't catch how a molten iron core can have a solid iron center. But I've often wondered where does the heat at the earth's core come from? And since high temperatures actually cause magnets to lose all magnetic properties, how can it be creating the earth's magnetism? Considering the deepest hole ever dug by man goes only as far as 8 miles, how are we able to extrapolate the composition of the core? Wouldn't we see much larger amounts of iron in volcano lava and magma?
Not trying to be a smart ass, just curious....
That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such'
Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen,"
a house cat walks off stage...
Did you know that there is a charge on the surface of the earth of 1x10^5 coulombs.
That many coulombs rotates once every 24 hours. The value obtained is 10 coulombs per second or 10 Amperes.
B=(mu0) ni
This generates a field that is on the same magnitude of the earth's field.
This actually really helped answer my questions, thanks.
OK... I have seen a number of folks bring up questions like molten iron not being magnetic, where did the Earth's initial magnetic field come from, and where did the Sun's magnetic field come from. Here is a quick rundown.
Magnetism comes from the alignment of atoms which have a magnetic dipole of their own forming crystals, with them all pointing in the same direction. Iron, even before it melts, loses any permanent magnetism when it is heated above a temperature referred to as the Curie point. For iron, this temperature is 1048°K, compared with the melting point of 1811°K. This is because the motion of the individual atoms reaches a point where a phase transition occurs and they can then randomize their orientation as they vibrate. Indeed, this is true of across all of the magnetic materials... if you take something which is magnetic and heat it above a certain temperature (which is always well below the melting point), it will lose some, if not all of its permanent magnetism. But, the same mobility which allows the movement which leads to the loss of the magnetism also makes it possible to more easily apply an external electromagnetic force, which if maintained while cooling below the Curie Point, can result in a permanent magnetic field.
Now, remember that magnetic fields induce currents and currents induce magnetic fields of their own. And it is possible to have these sustain one another, and even amplify from a small initial level to something far larger. And this means that even small internal electrical currents could build to what we have today, or with chaotic turbulence it could cause a flip. Likewise, the Earth is subjected to a magnetic field generated by the Sun, which right now is running about 5 to 6nT (nanoTesla) opposite of the Earth's magnetic field. This in turn will induce currents in the outer core, creating anomalies, which may either die out or be reinforced in the long run. There are also magnetic fields beyond those of the Earth and Sun, such as the galaxy itself.
With the Sun, the mechanism is slightly different, given that we are not talking about normal matter like most of us are used to where electrons are predominantly bound to atomic nuclei, and are instead dealing with a situation where all the electrons have been stripped off the atoms, the flow of the material actually becomes an electrical current, which then can generate magnetic fields all the easier, and end up forming the self-reinforcing process. We also know that there can be localized anomalies (such as those around sunspots), and on a regular basis of roughly 11 years, it flips to the opposite polarity. The mechanisms involved in this are also thought to be part of the phenomena which has made fusion reactors so difficult to build with a high Q factor.
More turds dropped in this video than my dog drops in my yard.
does this means the inner core is slowly growing and eventually all of molten core would solidify?
From sun big energy.2 waves. We are in a node... Electromagnetic spectrum. 1 o 1
The first magnetic order is the oceans, highly conductive on the ball flying through magnetic fields of the sun and other spacial bodies, the second is the mantle the liquid is due to magnetic induction and matter creation which causes the heat we sometimes see as earthquakes /electroquakes and the third is the remnance of the dipoles formed by the charges of previous two. The earth is a capacitor where charges which seek to equalize the charges induced. That flow of charges is the progenitor of quakes and volcanic activity.
he is so excited to explain this
Not sure about EVERYTHING he said, but...Damn good presentation of known facts, about Earth's magnetism!
The initial magnetic field comes to us as the electric field from our Sun. It is then processed by our planet and changed into the magnetic field. The electric field gets carried along by the hydrogen solar wind. Any magnetic field is conservative. This means it must be generated and that generation comes from the electric field and it's effects on matter like our planet. The core being the focal point of this electric field. This is why the center is molten. Lens effects also work with the electric field.
Bookmark Paused @ 4:13
Trying to figure out: How does our magnetic field affect cosmic inflation? This was step one. Thank you for the 'Cole's Notes' version (I'm Canadian).
Professor forgot that we no NOTHING about magnetic field. So explain this like you are explaining it to a 5 years old.
Listen, a new type of crystal forms in molten iron under these presures. These crystals generate the field.
so which came first, the magnetic field or the electrical current?
I didn't get how he moved from the cooling Earth to the magnetic field at 04:14
So the earth creates its magnetic field using the earth's magnetic field. Got it. Question, where does the magnetic field come from? Scientist: "Let's start by just imposing some sort torus of magnetic field. I'm being very friendly." In other words, I am riffing here:, don't interrupt my flow. You are so rude. I'm the scientist here.
@Cosmic Landscape I hope you know that does not answer the question where the field comes from, right?
@Cosmic Landscape Oh, boundary conditions. Post Hoc or non sequitur?
The core of the earth is plasma and when plasma rotates and generates an electromagnetic field which is the magnetosphere and also generates gravity.... the Large Hadron Collider is either the exact size of the plasma core or it's a cascading residence because it's there to keep the Magneto sphere functioning and the plasma core
i cant believe i understood that... great teacher
It looks like a Dynamo. The field EMF is generating CEMF on the armature (core). The initial field is from the magnetic polarity of the earth. The "little motions" would be the coil and the emf does stack. Generation always comes out AC, that's why our field flips back and forth.
I don’t think he ever explained how the magnetic field was first generated.
I did learn a lot about what happens to those fields and how more are generated, but I never learned HOW the magnetic field started in the first place And I believe he was asked to clarify that.
2:23 how can volume increase if temperature goes down ?
It was a good explanation, and now I understand that the existing magnetic field amplifies itself by liquid current (kinda, I hope?), but I'm still missing where that initial magnetic field came from...
Also to maybe give a better idea of plate tectonics, it's not as slow as suggested. The solid part of the mantle is very slow, as said in the video, but the partially molten zone (astenosphere) just below the earth's crust moves faster due to thermic convection :)
When Iron is hot, it's non-magnetic. Is it other elements creating it? Or is the liquid just distorting the field from the solid core?
The magnetic filed of earth looks more like a torroid than a bar magnet. The molten metallic outer core spinning inside an insulated field (outer core) , with a solid iron center core creates the magnetic field, just like any electrical generator.
Dam I love this video, you can see he was excited to spread his knowledge.
I learned a lot in the first part of the video but I guess I know too little of magnetism to understand the rest.
I would say interacts instead generates. I believe magnetic field comes from out of planet and that’s the reason planet keep in the same orbit. I think magnetic field it’s responsible by inertia of the planet in relation of borders of universe. Delimiting universe? Oh no it’s more about how magnetic field is capable to connect with borders. Crazy isn’t. I liked this video❤
since earth a spear, how the mag polarity forming, and near arctic poles ...determination
? and high temperature how magnetic force survived or forming?
I wonder, if magnetic field and gravitational force are the same thing. A magnet is polarised. It has N and S. But, can a magnetic force generated by the earth core keep everything firmly on the earth surface? Many of us are not polarised in such a way that we have in our body, N and S. So, can you explain, why we and many other things, can be attracted by the magnetic force? If there is anything to do with quantum level, as small as an atom, where an atom has within it, an electron which is negatively charge and proton which is positively charged? Are you suggesting that the revolution of the earth and the orbit of the earth with the Sun is actually the two magnetic forces in action? Which may carry a condition that the N and S of the earth are always against the N and S of the sun and that will cause it to spin. But, anyway, it the magnetic field and gravity are the same thing?
the Curie point,..... can you explain why and how liquid metal and Earth magnetism exist in harmony?, because if you somehow manage to pour liquid metal right inside in the middle of a bowling ball shape neodymium magnet, then spin it at whatever rpm vertically or diagonally, will it actually still give magnetic effect to its surrounding? assuming that magnetism exist first and followed liquid metal later....
or pour liquid metal right inside in the middle of a bowling ball shape pottery, then spin it at whatever rpm vertically or diagonally, will it produce magnetism?assuming that liquid metal first and followed by magnetism later....
Let's make a moter from the magnetic fields 😎
what is really needed here is a computer graphics simulation
One moon of Jupiter is so energetic due to the magnetic and gravitational fields pulling on it, it is the same with the earth and the sun.
If we did not have the sun sourcing the energy, the earth would be a block of ice all the way through.
With the sun, we have everything we need for life, including a solar shield for the worse stuff being thrown at us.
So the real answer is, the spinning core and fluid , the suns magnetic field is amplified which produces the earths magnetic field.
The suns intense magnetic field is produced by the intense thermonuclear energy being released by hydrogen being converted to helium. For those who asked...
Is the metal in the earth core charged? A flow of matter isn't enough to produce a magnetic field, you'd need charge moving... right?
Salute to this guy
oh man, i have so many questions. Are the occurrence of the trade winds a direct correlation by the rotations of the magnetic fields?
Nope, trade winds are fairly easily explained by coriolis effect
Could you please write down some equations? I would feel better.
The earth's core is like a giant lava lamp (literally) that creates a dynamo effect to generate electromagnetism.
Can we all admire that he draws a near perfect circle hahaha 😂😂😂
Does this only work if the planet is spinning?
Ok how do you know the constituents of the core observation
For the times it is a plausible possibility, enough so to generate revenue to sell this idea. BUT once we can drill past 8miles, “deepest drill hole into the earth”, there is still a remaining 3992miles to the centercore, I will leave my mind open to the possibility of this theory being absolute trash.
I dont understand how molten metals of any king generate an electromagnetic, not magnetic, field of any kind given the fact that any magnetic property is lost when heated.
Is the total magnetic field slowly weakening?
Depends on birkeland currents. Check th-cam.com/play/PLwOAYhBuU3UeKWHRrCw4i-KviQnAhQhBM.html
Id like to hear a better explanation. One that starts with currents.
Or how the cores magnetism survives such extreme temperatures...
Birkeland currents that connect earth to the Sun provide the electrical charge + iron core generates the magnetosphere
Great explanation. Smart guy!
Nice elucidation perhaps unable to explain the real cause which results into the emanation of initial magnetic field. How is the current density vector coming into existence
The core not being co-centric with the surface circle bothers me, but OK..
I like this guy.... made it simple enough for even me to slightly understand..... hmmm....didn't some experimental phyicist create some kind of rotating sphere with 'molten' salt or sodium or somthing....spinning....and it created a magnet field....this guy didn't mention anything about the earth actually rotating in the field....the movement should influence the flux right??
Why does he think the core is mainly iron?
Why would the inner core be more dense, not less dense? If mass is directly related to gravitational pull, more mass stronger gravitational pull, as you get towards the center there is less mass, less gravity.
Relating to your first presupposition, all energy in the solar system comes from the giant fire ball in the sky, and as time goes on energy is dispersed and lost (Entropy), meaning that there always has to be an input of energy continually adding to the system so that life can exist.
Why isn't the moon taken into consideration? The barycenter and inclination with the moon may have an effect on it.
He absolutely nailed the first circle and then he absolutely ruined the inner circle. UNACCEPTABLE!
Can vibrations or sound manipulate a magnetic field
This is all theory correct?
As according to my research I've found that the furthest down we've managed to go was 40,230 ft ( 12.2 km or 7.6 miles)
correct me if I'm wrong.
You're right. And the drilling was stopped because temperatures were getting way hotter than scientists like him said they would be.
Both conduction of electricity and magnetic field reduces when Iron is heated. How is it then hot liquid outer core can conduct electricity and form magnetic field. Plasma state of matter can explain the effect as it flows and it is ionized conducting both electricity and forming magnetic field.
I concur.
I agree with some of the other comments, he never addresses gravity, only magnet fields.
cool hypothesis!
Did this video ever get around to saying that electric currents in the liquid core act to produce a magnetic field in the way that an electromagnet works? Wouldn't that have been the place to start before all the stuff about convection and conduction and solids and liquids and mantle and core and wrapping and warping the field inside the core? The magnetic field of the earth just seemed to pop up as an initial condition. Not really a good day in physics class!
8:40 Finally something Einstein wasn't right about. How refreshing!
There was something else he got wrong too. Introducing cosmological constant in a static model of universe. More refreshing lol
Damn, that circle is nicely drawn.
Ikr! His first circle was _really_ good.
I was disappointed by the second one, but I thought first was pretty satisfying.
Whaaat?
The first one was AWESOME. The other ones were shit.
Circle drawing goals
Hokay, so here's de Earth. Dang, that's a pretty sweet magnetic field, you might say...
Too few people remember this gem :)
This proves that those places on journey to the center of the earth 2008 movie are real unbelievable and they exist
Fire ze' Missiles!!!
@@jgrant4201 Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. TIME DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ("Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.) GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. (Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=MC2 IS F=ma.) "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense, AS BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand !!! (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=ma. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. The Earth is ALSO CLEARLY then E=MC2 AS F=ma ON BALANCE !!! GREAT !!!
By Frank DiMeglio
he literally describes the magnetic field like a sales pitch like he's trying to convince you that this is what's actually happening lol
It's because he's skipping a certain part, to get to this part.
This part explains how the earth's magnetic field is amplified to be what it is.
The missing part is how the initial magnetic field is generated(like in a generic planet with an normal iron core)
Veratasium was able to realize something is missing.
BTW, the amplification part only started 600 million years ago. The earth had a weak magnetic field, and it was weakening with time...then this amplification kickstarted for some reason, and life coincidentally exploded into multicellular organisms (for the previous 3.6 billion years, it was just single celled organisms, and the base magnetic field was fading...then the supercharged magnetic field came to the rescue just in time.)
Also, more recent research shows that the inner core has two parts, an inner inner core that's in a plastic state. And the outer inner core has a crystal structure that shouldn't be able to form at that pressure and temperature (without an Iron/Nickle seed crystal from which to grow)... which raises some questions (how did our core get a seed crystal injected into it?...and that seed crystal would have to be very large to not melt entirely during it's journey to the center of the earth).
@@tylerdurden3722came for this comment - can’t find this info anywhere else
wow, wish this guy was my professor! I'm studying mechanical engineering and this beautifully ties so many concepts in electronics and heat transfer and fluid mechanics. THANK YOU FOR THE POST.
That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such'
Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen,"
a house cat walks off stage...
I've had him as a professor and worked in his lab. He's awesome as both a human being and an instructor.
But what DOES give the Earth the initial magnetic field? I get that for illustrative purposes we can simply impose it, but I'd like to know what the actual answer is.
The system being discussed evolves across orders of magnitude in scale. If you're interested you may find resources which delve into the specifics
1. The outer core fluid can hold and generate flux through motion;
2. Local differences form larger composites which are sustained by effects of local motion and charge/flux;
3. Nature favours the lowest energy state. The gradual evolution of the massive system trends toward alignment, leading to initial conditions discussed at 6:00
I imagine the torus of magnetism being more a jagged chain of flux in the system than the smooth shape of a doughnut.
(P.S. The magnetic poles are not greatly aligned with the rotational poles)
yeah the thing is that there is positive feedback. A small current or magnetic field can generate the other and they can continue to grow and generate each other in the presence of these helical, turbulent convection currents.
SlimThrull sadly, the base of your question, the why, is unknown, we learn more and more about the effects, but many ideas for the why accelerated materials are still hypothetical, for instance, something likely related, it is not yet known how charge is built up in clouds for lighting, all we know is there is a high correlation with stronger updrafts equating to more lightning. So, stay curious, and perhaps you could find it :)
So the motion of the liquid metal is enough to generate some field which in turn is amplified by the convection currents, yes? Okay, that makes sense.
@SlimThrull I don't think liquid metal will generate it's own magnetic field that's then amplified, but there are any number of potential sources of a magnetic field that the core can then amplify.
I LOVE the passion of this guy. He really cares about this, and is clearly willing to dumb it down for the purpose of teaching anyone who asks.
You certainly can't get any dumber
That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such'
Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen,"
a house cat walks off stage...
Lmao
😂😂😂😂 riiiiiight
This guy has no earthly idea what causes the earth’s electromagnetic field....either he has been paid to distort or he has himself been completely diluted. This is the most ridiculous explanation I have ever heard.
Rectum almost killed um
There are absolutely no magnetic fields in super hot liquid metal...quite the opposite. These areas of Earth are where the magnetic field of the Earth is DESTROYED. That's why flying over volcanic areas diminishes the effects of your compass, and it might stop working altogether if you ask the pilot to take you in closer. And if you were to fly over a volcano, and drop a 10pound Nimh grade 40 Nib bar magnet into the mouth of the volcano, that bar magnet wouldn't even stick to a refrigerator seconds later...The Heat of the Volcano would destroy that bar magnet's properties in a HEARTBEAT>
I guess I need to be teaching at UCLA instead of this clown....Because even I know the basics of magnetism, and I am just an old skool skater.
This problem of heat destroying a magnetic field is also more than likely the actual cause of crashes in and around the Bermuda Triangle Area....I believe that whole area is riddled with Volcanoes, and yes your compass would go haywire because those volcanoes destroy magnetic fields, and therefore would make your compass not function properly while flying over those areas. Just sayin.
I could also teach everyone how to gain acceleration and torque using solid magnets...and show everyone how to keep them cool so they retain their power during the run cycles. But I guess kids these days would rather hear about Lava flow and crustal friction making a magnet in the oven of the Earth...Wow!
i know nothing about magnets but you must be right because the magnetic poles are in the coldest places of the earth. can you explain in a simple way. thank you
@@pacthegreatest Ok, there's a couple of ways to look at it....Let's say we apply heat to get grease off of a pan using dishwashing liquid....Bingo we "loosened the bond" the grease had on the pan's surface...whereas cold water didn't loosen it as much.
Or....we could look at it from strictly a movement perspective...like in the way that if something is frozen it stays the way it is...with very little movement...versus heating it up, excites it, loosens it, stops it from staying the way it is...it will melt down in fact if we keep going hotter. So this would destroy the magnets ability to keep or maintain itself....Staying the way it is, and not being excited, moving faster, loosening up, and eventually losing all bonds that hold them together until the magnet is melted completely and becomes it's base elements of nickel, iron, and boron.
I suppose you could say that heat loosens the bonds these three metals or materials have between each other in set patterns forming the pole of the magnet...whereas even passing heat close to the magnet will dissipate it's field in that area...until the magnet itself heats up, and the bonds which created that shape of field and pattern start to change and that's when it's no longer a magnet.
So a better explanation for the situation of the Earth is that magnetic layer deep under the ground is below the lava layer somehow, and those areas where the lava comes to the surface, are areas where we experience the magnetic field of the area below the lava being disrupted. This would explain airplane crashes in the ocean around the ring of fire, or where a lot of volcanoes are located....The lava is destroying the magnetic field coming from below, making the field strength below be weaker in that area for our instruments, and they give false readings and pilots accidentally crash the plane.
@@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217 thank you for your time. I will read more about it. I will contact you in the near future to discuss this fascinating phenomenon.
I don’t see how the distortion of the plane’s radar can cause it to crash. The altitude of the plane is way above mountains and the radar system isn’t what’s controlling or keeping the motor from running, the radar system is magnetic and for navigating while the motor is mechanic and is irrelevant to the radar system or magnetism.
0:15 lets take a moment and appreciate that circle
Ok I did. Now what?
Yup
"It's messy. You're wrong."
That's such an Einstein thing to say lol
"this core is about the size of mars"
mind blown
Why? Mars is half the diameter of Earth.
*MIND STILL BLOWN*
@MomoTheBellyDancer lol wow that's not nice. Don't discourage, stimulate.
MC Güx Deluxe b
@@brokenwave6125 exactly, in fact martian gravity is so comparatively weak, it provides a serious hindrance in colonizing mars.
Explain like im five
r/explainlikeimfive
They never explain like you're five - more like ten.
Melomania
not flat = magnetic field (Globe Earth) 🌎
I've seen one or two times that they literally break it down to 5 year old levels
Tidy your room first and then we can talk
“He nailed it. It’s just complex.”
LOVE OF PLANTS 🌻 fml
Sounds like a bunch of assuming and should bees I don't know we know nothing.
@@glenncanfield6211 You are absolutely correct. There was nothing of modern science in this report.
Mgtow Values Seismology has shown a lot of this information.
@@nikiwiki2006 Do not blandly tell me that, please. I did the research on seismology and there is nothing in seismology that explains the cause of earth's magnetic sphere.
It's an obvious statement, but I have never heard it in my life: "This core is about the size of Mars. It's big. It's the size of other planets."
Cool.
therealnightwriter ha "hollow" is a bad word to use friend because of the crackpot connotations.
It's also just inaccurate i mean its obviously not vacuum because that would contradict everything else we observe in nature.
therealnightwriter the dinosaur Gravity point is pertinent though.
This seems to be something most people have never heard but remains completely unanswered by mainstream science.
@therealnightwriter Lol, good joke. You made a mistake, though. For gravity at the surface to be smaller in the paste, the Earth needs to shrink over time, not grow. Or you need to add mass to its hollow core over time.
@@renedekker9806 can you show me in life where mass is attracted to another Mass.
I'm going to answer this really fast for you..... No!
Here's an idea start at the beginning trying not to believe the lies that you've been told use your brain for yourself and you will see.
@@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH I am sorry, I don't follow your humor. What is mass attracted to if not other mass?
Nobody knows how Earth generates its magnetic field..... Nobody lol
You're not suggesting the earth is flat...?
@@mmmk6322 how did you infer THAT from what he said, rofl. Nobody knows because no one can fucking actually observe what is going on and test it...it's all a theory based on how we most likely think it is generated based on our limited understanding of what is beneath the mantle..
This guy does.
@@twonumber22 No he doesn't. We can only theorize.
@@lunamaria1048 lol
The iron in the core is not magnetic because of the curie temperature. The theory here is based on its conductive properties.
But the simple fact that no experimental setup with all varieties of rotating conductors has been able to create or even enhance a magnetic field, tells me that there is no understanding of planetary magnetic fields. Just admit that for once, please.
The same lack of understanding goes for the phenomenon of differential rotation in planetary bodies and stars.
Perhaps the two questions are connected?
We have high temperatures but also high pressures and a huge radial speed. With all this high energy involved many things can occur.
This man almost free-hand drew a circle. I was already impressed.
Then ingeniously normalized himself by doing a hilariously terrible placement of the inner circles. Like the Iron Core, my impressed assessment then cooled somewhat
A recent scientific publication on the "Origin of Geomagnetism" shows "A New Hypothesis to Fully Justify the Generation, Maintenance and Behavior of Geomagnetism". Just search.
How exactly does a magnetic field become “trapped” within a fluid? Is it a bunch of iron electrons that are flipping and moving with the iron?
If anyone's wondering it's just eddy currents -- sea water is conductive and pulls the magnetic field as well.
As Neo said to the Architect, "You haven't answered my question!". You've explained only how the Earth maintains it's magnetic field, not how it was created in the first place, which not only makes the title of your video false but it's also ignoring the most important part of the question in the first place.
No, he’s explaining how it’s created. Try watching again or proceed on to other electrodynamics or magnetism courses
When there is movement of charge it generates field, initial condition was attained by rotation of the earth which forced liquid metal to helical spin.
how quickly is the core freezing?
It'll freeze over in about 91 billion years last I read.
in 5,000,000,000 years all life on this planet will be dead.
in 7,000,000,000 the sun will become a white dwarf.
1/2 Earth radius - 1/3 Earth radius = 1062km
Assuming +Karanbir Singh is correct It will average 1062km per 91 billion years or 1.33 nanometers per hour
1mm per year. Seriously.
If I was a giant super god I would dust off the earth. and use that solid crystalline core in some cosmic game of marbles.
So how *fast* is the material in the liquid outer core actually moving?
Similar speed to earth surface rotation. 24h per revolution. The speed at the outer bunduary is thus probably something like 900km/h. The turbulent convection and other random motions in the outer corre add and substract a bit from this figure, but on average it is 900km/h, and local variations are probably extremally small. (I do not have any sources, but my guess it is less than 1km/h). My guess, is that the outer core is actually rotating little bit faster, (but could be also little less, we do not know), and using slightly different axis of rotation, but probably within 5 degree of normal axis of rotation. These differences are becuase the things are fluid, and outer core is actually pretty low viscosity, it takes a lot of time to transfer torque and find balance towards equilibrium. Not only that, the outer core also has a magnetic torque and sheer forces, as well due to angular momentum, a differential rotation. So, it is likely the outer core is rotating slightly faster (less than a degree per day) than mantle and surface of the Earth at the Equator, and slightly slower or similar closer to the poles.
Update: Apparently, it is even more complex! www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130916162005.htm the inner core rotates faster than mantle and surface, but due to reactive forces, this make outer core to rotate actually SLOWER than mantle, thus from the stationary point on the surface, it appears that the outer core is rotating in oposite direction! Fascinating. In the absolute space (lets say from the moon or sun or distant starts perspective), they rotate at similar speeds tho, close to sideral day, which is just few minutes less than 24h.
I'm not talking about the speed of rotation which is rather uninteresting. I meant the *relative* motion of some parts of the liquid relative to other parts. Like e.g . the "speed" of the Golf Stream is measured relative to the surface, not relative to the universe, the latter being quite a meaningless number.
There are features in the outer core (liquid part), that do reasamble gold stream, and do form jets, but the relative speeds to the mantle and crust are very small. From my quick calculations it is about 1 meter per hour. Slow.
Wei Zhao Triggered much. Someone stoled your puppy. Your haircut is shit. Oh, by the way, we are living in the best of times in human history.
2 videos in one day
Is it Christmas yet?!
but...
There is a much easier to understand explanation. Whether it is true or not I don't know. But if you spin an object which consists of hot syrupy molten iron the parts of that iron which are liquid will (although further out from the centre) likely move around the inner core at a different speed to the inner core speed of rotation. The different speeds between these two metals will mean that if the core has been magnetised (maybe in earths early history) then the outer spinning material will make the inner core magnet stronger and a field will be produced. Since the earth is continually spinning this condition remains. That could all be rubbish, but it is the way I have always though about it. But it is great that the system is still very much unknown and unproven. All we have is theories at moment.
But earth magnetic field is very weak
0:14
Casually hand draws a perfect circle, no big deal.
Before, my question was why does the magnetic field change direction
Now, my question is why doesn't it change quickly
A particle at the centre of the Earth would experience a vector summation of gravitational forces equal to zero. It would be weightless, and NOT under immense pressure.
Lol being weightless and being under immense pressure are two diff things !
I highly encourage viewers to look for different explanations.
I am...trying to explain to a child and this was nonsense
@@peacelove6817 😂
He is talking nonsense.
Earth is spinning..
Basically, the outer part of Earth is a solid inner part of it liquid with differentials in density, which causes differentials in turning speed eventually created magnetic field similar to dynamo.
What he really means is that ..
Magnetic field of the earth
Is coming from the magnetic field of
a metal element of the periodic table or the interactions of those metallic elements creates the Earth's magnetic field
@@footballCartoon91 some of his facts work some don't liquidity is probably a big nuclear reactor the earth is one big China syndrome
Magnets loose their magnetism when heated so we don't know anything really
Amen
You are kind of right and kind of wrong. Earth's core is not like ordinary permanent magnet so saying it would loose it's magnetic field is incorrect. Although earth would loose it's magnetic field eventually but because of some another reason
@@kekersdev because of what reason?
@@jetsshowbruh7617 We are not 100% sure how exactly magnetic field is generated but it is definitely related to the movement of liquid metal in the core. This movement happens due to convection between hot core and cold planet' surface so the main reason is core cooldown. The core cools - convection slows down - slower movement in core - weaker MF. After a long time (if nothing special happens) core will completely soludify and MF will be completly gone
@@kekersdev yeah ok
Dejavu.
but not dejaentendu
I've just been in this place before
Lordious
I'm back
Higher on the streets
seen the black cat again?