What is a Neutrino?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 ต.ค. 2024
- Neutrinos are the vampires of physics.
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
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So in the end, I am left with one question.. What's a neutrino
Lol my thoughts exactly
hahaha same
the neutrino is an electron electrically neutral
I will make a video explaining this ...
exactly.
I now have more questions than answers.
Yeah the electron moves faster than light?????!!!
but the guy in the video said...
then what did he mean?
he means that the electron is travelling thru water faster than the light does, (cuz light is slowed as the guy above interpreted), not faster than the speed of light
@@olivebates he meant that since the light was traveling through the water, it will be slower then the electron
You didn't even explain what a Neutrino is...
+DreamOfTitans He did explain at the beginning. They are tiny particles and only interact with gravity and nuclear decaY.
it's the vampire of physics!
+DreamOfTitans IKR!
It's a lepton ( electrons are also leptons ) and a fundamental particle meaning it can't be divided into smaller particles
Yeah he did. They are the vampires of physics :P duh
Im not really sure I still get what a neutrino is
+catlife333 By product of chemicals reacting in the sun. It travels very fast because it's almost mass less and can penetrate anything and very hard to detect.
+Monty K Thats only solar neutrinos, they dont only come from the sun, Beta-minus decay outputs an electron anti-neutrino
+catlife333 Nobody really does...that's why they are trying to catch them.
Neutrinos are for example some particles released in beta+ nuclear fissions, they are written :U (Z = 0 and A(mass) is also equal to 0) but they actually do have a mass its the opposite of photons who don't have any mass but use energy
@@mrwolf31 Girl dogs Boys humans?
Even electron?
I love how he plays the blues clues notebook music in the background during his videos. It gives the sense of simplicity when explaining something as infinitesimally complex and unknown concept we call physics.
what do you mean by a"left-handed neutrino"?
Shashwat Singh they're different
refer to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(physics)
Handedness means the particle spin
Not to necro but in case other people might have this same question: To my understanding, all particles have a "spin" which can effect the way it interacts with other matter/energy. Exactly what "spin" is I do not know, but the important thing is simply that it's a property of the particle, just like charge or mass. (If anyone would like to elaborate please do!)
@@OrangeC7 spin defines the strength as well as charge type ( +ve or -ve ) of any charged particle .
OH GOD, I clicked on a minute physics video.
*20 Years later...
I CANT STOP WATCHING, PLEASE SEND HELP!
P.I.Z.Z.A IS HERE TO HELP!!!
Everyone should learn some physics example forc Even=massXacceleration
P.I.Z.Z.A IS HERE TO HELP!!!
I think you have to redo this one now^^
At the end of the video, a statement is made that there are no such thing as antineutrinos (right-spinning neutrinos). This is in conflict with what I was taught years ago, and a superficial search claims that the Cowan-Reines neutrino experiment in 1956 confirmed the existence of an antineutrino. Was there some new experimental data or better theory to explain that data that overturned the findings of that experiment?
2016: Anti-neutrinos do exist
thank you xD
"hodor hodor, hodor! hodor hodor hodor?" - hodor
In the video he dont say there is no anti-neutrinos, he said there is no neutrinos with right-handed spin, is not the same. In fact all anti-neutrinos that has been detected have right-handed spin. Right-handed neutrinos and Left-handed antineutrinos have not been detected, that means maybe they dont exits, that breaks parity simmetry.
Do not confuse parity with matter-antimatter
Orion D. Hunter yepppp
OCTOBER 2019
2020: possible parallel universe
heard everything, understood nothing
Vampires
So what’s a neutrino
great now I know I'm even more confused
Two atoms are in a bar.
One says, "I think I lost an electron."
The other says, "Are you sure?"
to which the other replies, "I'm positive."
LOL. Is that a Schrodinger's cat reference at 0:23?
+Kale Carpenter lol
+Adam G This channel makes a lot of them.
I think he just likes cats.
I just have one questions, when he said, the neutrino gives energy to an electron which in turn moves faster than the light though water: the electron is still going slower than light in a vacuum, right?
Yes. Since electrons have mass, they can never travel at the speed of light in vacuum.
yup
so what is it?
Sooo...what is it?
Reptile estrin fucking thank you!!!!
Classification as a particle. Goes on to explain size of the particle. Your welcome.
0:20 measuring distance in years is pretty difficult.
Yeah but what *are* they?
Luca Capperucci vampires
Felix P oh ok
A neutron walks into a bar.
"How much for a drink here, anyway?"
To which the bartender responds,
"For you, no charge."
This is by far the best physics channel i've seen. Really sparks an interest for physics and explains really advanced subjects in a very comprehensible way! Keep up the good work ! :)
What do you mean, the mirror image of a neutrino doesn't exist?
They cant be right handed
0:33
It will zip through the water faster then the light does.
It is possible to go faster then the speed of light! Take that einstein :D
(Yeah, I know the speed of light is not the speed of light.)
Exactly. The speed of light through water is approximately 3/4 the speed of light in vaccum.
MozartJunior22 I know. That is what I meant by "Yah, I know the speed of light is not the speed of light."
But it is the speed of light. Maybe not 'The' speed of light as in the maximum speed of light, but it is faster!
If I drive 10Km/h with a car, and I drive 15Km/h with a bycicle, then I go faster then a car. Same concept.
I know, that's why I said "Exactly"
MozartJunior22 oops. My bad xD
Einstein never said that "you can't go faster than the speed of light". He said "light travels at a constant speed no matter what", which kind of implies that light is the fastest-traveling thing in the universe.
0:32 ... Did I hear that correctly...? "The electron will zip through the water faster than the light does..." FASTER THAN THE LIGHT DOES???? WAT!?!?!
C is the speed of light in vacuum. In water light moves at a lesser velocity while the electron does not.
Like Adam said, The electron will not go faster than C, but will go faster than the heavily slowed down light in the water.
The easy answer is that light slows down in water.
It's a common misconception that light itself slows down in water, what we mean when we say that light moves slower in water, is that light (in a way) "bounces" between the water molecules, which makes the photons themselves travel for a longer amount of time. (Approximately .3x longer in water)
This also explains how light can appear to "speed up" again immediately after leaving water into air.
***** wouldn't this lead to light bending out of it's predicted path? I'm aware of refraction, however, if it was bouncing between molecules there would be a chance the photon would come out at a "weird" angle (ie. away from the path of refraction)
kiklosers1 Photons behave both as a particle, and as a wave. We can understand refraction better if if we consider the photon a weave when observing refraction.
I don't understand these analogies tho...
Sonic boom for light? Name it photonic boom.
Or electronic boom.
well the supersonic equivalent for light is superluminal, so it could be a luminal boom
Neutrino is like the excuse you make when you haven't done your assignment.
Two scientists wakk into a bar. One says: "I'll have some H2O!"
The other one says "I'll have some H2O too!"
The other scientist dies.
Oh, he got hydrogen peroxide
ha ha
h202 hydrogen peroxide
neutrino is a vampire. what ? that's it?
I felt the same as below. The first thing I said to my self after watching this video was "umm ok, but I still dont know what a neutrino is..."
Love your videos though; keep up the good work!
Your channel just proves I was never weird for thinking certain things when I was younger. I would just downplay those thoughts and play dumb, now I'm in college struggling with analytical physics :(. Love the channel though keep it up!
Everyone: "Ok but you didn't explain what they are"
MinutePhysics: Literally explained it in the first 10 seconds of the video
There are plenty of books and online sources ranging from intro stuff to advanced mathematical explanations. You can watch university lectures on youtube.Try Stanford playlists on physics, although you need to be good at maths. Few years back I would have found this stuff difficult but I went way out of my way to learn in my spare time. School was to slow for me so I went and learned calculus, number theory, physics, etc all online from home and for free and now Im studying Theoretical Physics.
what u doing now bro in ur studies or career
How to dodge a question in 1 minute
I love your videos, truly great stuff. Have you done one on black holes? Could be worth considering.
i'm having a good time watching that at .5 times regular speed. it's pretty funny.
So immature, but it's hilarious
Yeah I didn't understand a shit
You should release a follow-up explaining what a neutrino is.
I like how everything is explained away with more questions for which i came seeking.
This is a very trivial and unsatisfactory discussion of the neutrino. There is no discussion whatever of the importance of the neutrino in nuclear theory, and of the triumph of its theoretical prediction by the brilliant theoretical physicist Wolfgang Pauli to explain the energy spectrum of beta decay. Here, we get silliness about the "Vampires of Physics." Some of the Minutephysics pieces are pretty good, but some of them really suck.
Right!? It's almost as if Minutephysics wasn't intended to be a comprehensive view of the subjects it's covering. Rather it's a way to make physics concepts entertaining and accessible in the hopes of getting people to want to learn more about science.
Two chemists walk into a bar.
The first one says, "I'll have H2O."
The second one says, "I'll have H2O, too."
The second chemist dies.
There was a kitty cat in the piece of lead. Just thought y'all should know.
I found this explanation of a neutrino somewhere in the comment section
all credits goes to: EebstertheGreat
Neutrinos are fundamental particles. Fundamental particles are the building blocks of all matter, and according to current theory, are indivisible. They include bosons, which can be thought of as force-carrying particles like photons, and fermions, which can be thought of as particles of matter.
Fermions are divided into quarks, and leptons. Quarks interact with all four forces and make up protons and neutrons (which make up the nucleus of an atom) along with many other things that decay very quickly. Leptons do not interact with the strong interaction, but only the other three: electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and gravity. They include the electron and its heavier cousins (mu and tau, which decay very quickly) along with neutrinos (one for each generation: electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos).
Electrons (and mu and tau) have negative charge, so they interact electrically with other charged particles. But neutrinos (of any flavor) have neutral charge, so they only interact via the weak force and gravity. And their mass is very small, so their gravity is too small to measure. The only hope we ever have of detecting a neutrino is with the weak force, which as its name suggests, is very weak. That is why a neutrino can travel straight through a hunk of lead or even the entire Earth without hitting anything; it is very small and interacts very weakly, so unless it hits a particle almost dead-on, nothing happens.
Neutrinos can be produced by many types of decay and nuclear processes, such as hydrogen fusion in the Sun, so there are a lot of them around. Most of them fly straight through the Earth without changing direction much at all, but a few do collide with electrons and interact (with the weak force), giving the electron some of their momentum. Neutrinos from the Sun tend to move so fast, that this often causes the electron to move very quickly indeed, faster than even light normally would through water (though of course still slower than light in a vacuum). When a charged particle like an electron travels faster than the speed of light through a material, it produces an electrical phenomenon similar to the sonic boom produced by a plane travelling faster than the speed of sound through air. This "electric boom" is called Cherenkov radiation, and it is that faint glow which neutrino detectors are actually built to see. Even though most neutrinos pass straight through, there are so many neutrinos coming from the Sun every second, that we still find plenty of them to study.
I like the subtle x in "Univerxe" @0:52 when saying that the universe isn't the same as it's mirror image.
You saved the schordinger's cat!
umm okay, I watched it, so what is Neutrino?
It's really not the kind of topic you should discuss in the way it is done in this video. Doesn't work.
A electron walks into a bar in a bad mood
the bartender says "Did i upset you?"
No i'm just negative
That would be the better joke!
"Cherenkov radiation (also spelled Čerenkov) is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium."
phase velocity is the term we should use
so basicly the phase speed of photons in the medium is 98% c
but the electrons go at 99% c , creating this blue glow.
I still haven't understood much what neutrinos are from this video. Too many unnecessary comparisons. No offense guys, you're cool.
So much for "minute physics." Not even a minute and so poorly explained.
The light rays are slowed down, thus lowering their speed below the maximum speed of light which is what they would travel at unimpeded. This makes it is possible for a particle to become energetic enough to end up moving faster through the inhibiting substance than the light rays. The particle can then actually ram into the light rays and compress them. Due to their nature as waves, they produce bright flashes of blue light when this happens, similar to how compressed sound makes a loud boom.
I spoke with a military guy that flies supplies to Antarctica. They have a larger detector. Light sensor array throughout a vast area of the ice sheet. They obviously are onto something interesting or trying to explain what they found at least.
When we're busy making bad puns anyway: two atoms walk down the street. One atom says to the other: I think I lost an electron. Are you sure? asks the other. Yes, replies the first, I'm positive.
I'm not Henry, but a lot of sources suggest that the antineutrino may be exactly identical to the neutrino, given that they both have neutral charge, essentially making it impossible to distinguish them. It's almost like how neutrons and antineutrons both have neutral charge. The key reason we can be certain that an antineutron exists is because it is not a fundamental particle, and can thus be broken into smaller particles that do have charge, meaning that antiparticles of those must exist.
You learned something right - nothing travels faster than the speed of light in VACUUM! The speed of light in vacuum is the constant c, approximately 300,000 km/s. But when light travels through a medium - not vacuum - it slows down a lot. And, as the video says, electrons are able to travel faster than light in water, but still, the electrons don't travel anything near the speed of light in vacuum. Hopefully that clears things up.
Yes, they do also seem to emit antineutrinos, according to theory. The interesting thing about beta decay is that a neutron emits a W- boson which then decays into an electron and an antineutrino. I'm assuming that beta decay of a proton would be the emission of a W+ boson that decays into a positron and a neutrino.
Thank you for the explanation but I still have one question, what is a nuetrino
Light does travel at c, but when there are atoms in the way it bounces off and gets absorbed and reabsorbed, so it takes more time to travel the same distance. between bounces and re-absorptions, the photon (or wave...) does travel at c. Henry actually made a video explaining that.
My brain collapsed when you say electrons faster than light
minute physics: 0:51
my mind: HOLD UP, a vampire inside a mirror maze is tecnically invisible
yup, sometimes my brain flies away xD
For those what a neutrino is it can be said as a less stable fundamental particle which is having mass approx million times less than that of electron havingcharge zero which spin in anticlockwise direction
in the equation E=mc2, c represents the speed of light in a vaccuum (3 x 10^8 m/s) however, when light moves through something, it slows the same way that you slow down when you enter a pool.
from what i understand.. neutrinos travel at the same speed of light (in a vacuum), but light travels slower in mediums (eg. water) where as neutrinos pass through without a problem, but if that neutrino going through the medium bumps into an electron, there is transfer of momentum from the neutrino to the electron, propelling the electron to speeds greater than light speed (in that medium).. causing a photonic boom, which is similar to a sonic boom.. in basic definition
This video created more confused, angry people than Kim Kardashian's nude selfie.
No, it's still traveling at C, even in water. The only difference is that it's just being bumped around by all the atoms and molecules, that the overall travel time is longer. However it's still traveling at C, it's just being detoured constantly, but still retains it's speed. Minutephysics even did a video about it anyway.
The velocity of an electron is limited by the constant c (speed of light in a vacuum) regardless of the medium it moves through, but if light refracts though a medium of larger 'n' (higher optical density) than a vacuum, its average velocity through that medium is reduced by a factor. n for water is about 1.33, so light traveling through the water goes around c/1.33, a velocity easily enough exceeded by a particle with so little mass.
Wow, this just opened up a whole morning of research. So from this explanation, in order to find another means of identify the existence of Neutrinos, I would have to find another means of medium?????? right.........?
Light always travels at c. It's just that its so dense and so energetically low that the photons are bumping into them, or are being absorbed and then spit back out, to be absorbed or bumped into another, so light is still traveling at c.
Hey minute physics I love your channel. Can you do a video about inertia?
Nice Vampire Joke at the end Henry
I F'ing love MinutePhysics!!!
You have my like and support Sir
... I don't whether to hate you or love you for murdering that joke so brutally.
Light still travels the same speed in water, or air, or what have you, but they may not take the most direct route. EG, even in air, light is slower than it could be, because it bounces off and interacts with particles on the way. The speed of light we normally refer to, is assuming it is in a vacuum, and has no particles to bounce around and off of.
Thank you for the explanation.
this video left me with way more questions than answers
cowboy p2 That's the beauty of nature!
mirror universe doesn't change a lot (gravity, nuclear forces etc.,) you said, but, reversing 2nd law of thermodynamics(entropy) will change everything in opposite direction right? like, when two balls collide, one of them takes all the energy instead of sharing and moving apart....
he means, the phase velocity of light in water is less than c.
so electrons can travel faster than the phase velocity of light .
velocity , and phase velocity are obviously two different terms, light always travels at c, but phase velocity involved zig-zag trajectories, wich over long distances appear to mean a smaller speed, but in fact, photons always move at c, always, no exception.
i have 2 perplexingly confusticating questions:
1. when you addressed that every particle has a mirror image, you must be talking about matter and their antimatter counterparts. BUT, isn't an anti neutrino a neutrino's "mirror"counterpart
2. what is an anti-neutrino anyway. antimatter and matter have the exact same mass, amount of angular momentum, and basically everything else except they have different charges. a neutrino has no charge, so what is an anti-neutrino since the opposite of 0 is 0. wouldn't they be the same
actually the light is always moving at the same speed but when put through a medium it interacts with things which make it take longer to reach the other side, but in between interactions it is still moving a c.
Neutrinos are tiny, almost weightless particles that only interact by a gravity or a nuclear decay
no, it stays the same, i believe minutephysics did a video on this. Instead the light gets 'bumped' about off other atoms, which means the light still travels at C but takes a slightly different path than originally taken (diffraction).
A fundamental particle is a particle that is absolute and cannot be broken into smaller particles. And yes, a neutron is non-fundamental because it is made from two down quarks and one up quark, just as the proton is made from two up quarks and one down quark. A neutron can also emit an electron to beta decay into a proton, whereas a proton can emit a positron to beta decay into a neutron.
I love your channel so much.
Particles can travel faster than light through a medium, just not in a vacuum. Light slows down in water, or in diamonds, or many other examples, and this is where you get the "light booms" (analogous to sonic booms) when a particle exists the speed of light compared to its speed in that medium.
What's a Neutrino favorite drink? Hi C !!! haha get it? !!
The bartender says we only serve tardyons.
A tachyon walks into a bar.
I feel like this raises more questions than answers. Cool vid though
Individual photons don't slow down while traversing the vacuum between atoms, but they take time to interact with the atom, get absorbed, increase the energy or the atom, then the atom emits a photon, etc. etc.
So the collective movement of light does slow down.
Jarrett Blair nothing is faster than the speed of light in a vacuum, light slows down enough in water for electrons to move faster.
(cont.) To break the symmetry, one frame must accelerate; such a frame is the one that ultimately "ages" less, i.e. less proper time passes in that frame. Or at least, it works out that way in the twin paradox setup, wherein the accelerating twin begins and ends at the same location as the non-accelerating one. Not sure what results other setups would yield.
Feynman diagrams anyone? I will try, but I'm not generally very good at this.
When a neutron ((ddu)
You're confusing the quantum eraser with dynamic dark matter. There's a spatialtemporal phase change that occurs within hollow black hole models which has a frequency 18 orders of magnitude higher than the radiowavelength. That's 1/2 of the neutrino effect, the other is the phase change that's 18 orders of magnitude lower in frequency than the gamma wavelength coming from beyond the cosmic event horizon. Neutrinos
Thanks this helped me understand Prof. Hawkings book
Light doesn't have mass, therefore doesn't create pressure waves in front of it. A sonic boom is created when the pressure waves in front of an object merge to form one wave, that travels at the speed of sound.
For people who didn't understand what Neutrino is,
Neutrinos are similar to the more familiar electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge. Because neutrinos are electrically neutral, they are not affected by the electromagnetic forces which act on electrons. Neutrinos are affected only by a "weak" sub-atomic force of much shorter range than electromagnetism, and are therefore able to pass through great distances in matter without being affected by it. If neutrinos have mass, they also interact gravitationally with other massive particles, but gravity is by far the weakest of the four known forces.
Three types of neutrinos are known; there is strong evidence that no additional neutrinos exist, unless their properties are unexpectedly very different from the known types. Each type or "flavor" of neutrino is related to a charged particle (which gives the corresponding neutrino its name). Hence, the "electron neutrino" is associated with the electron, and two other neutrinos are associated with heavier versions of the electron called the muon and the tau (elementary particles are frequently labelled with Greek letters, to confuse the layman).
Reference to Dracula and more physics! Best video ever!
(cont.) To your other questions, they are certainly something, but they do not carry electromagnetic charge. They have other forms of charge, though, they carry "spin" and so called "weak hypercharge", which makes them feel another one of natures fundamental forces: the weak nuclear force. Except for gravity, this is the only way they react with other particles. They can carry energy, however, and they even seem to have a tiny amount of mass (though we don't know how big it is).