This is amazing! I just asked about these different endings and why they change from my Finnish friend, and I randomly saw thia video on youtube 😍 it cannot be clearer than this 😍 kiitos!
Why are there three variants: a, ta & tta? Here's an explanation. Originally, the partitive singular was always ta/tä. The plural partitive was always ita/itä. Finnish is a language that is full of historical sound changes. So, one form became multiple forms based on the sounds that surrounded the original form. Ta has been conserved as such in the following conditions: A: when the T of ta is between three vowels: maata, Lontoota. B: when the T is precedeed by a consonant: ihmiStä, kauneuTta, valmiSta, Ta->a when the T of ta was between two vowels. Autota->autoa, naruta->narua, koirata->koiraa. You see this same pattern in hVn kouluhun->kouluun, but maahan->maahan. ihmisehen->ihmiseen. -- Tta is originally k+ta->tta or hta->tta. Most of two-syllable words that today end with "e" (in writing), have had either a K or H at the end (terveh, veneh, etc.) When the ta was added to these words, the h/k assimilated to the t to make it easier to pronounce virhektä->virhettä, venehtä->venettä. -- Later the word-final H or K became a glottal stop. The glottal stop is the only sound in the Finnish language that doesn't have a symbol in the written language. So, terve really has an extra sound at the end, but it's not written down. THE EBD OF THE EXPLANATION --- Word-final m is similar: all word-final m sounds became n sounds. Avaim->avain. Ohjaim->ohjain. But if the M was in the middle of a word when the changed occurred, the m stayed and m. Avaimen, ohjaimen. The same word-final sound change & middle conservation applies to two-syllable words that today end with "i". Word-final e->i, but if the e was in the middle of a word. It stayed the same: vetEnä vs vesI.
terve! i really like your channel. its so easy to learn. but it would be perfect if you also provide the correct answer with explaination at the end of the video. because i cannot understand why the partitive of iloinen becomes iloista.
I am trying to learn what is partitiivi. I understood how to constact clearly and when to use as much as I can. But I dont get, what is it? When I ask teachers they say, if u answer a mitä question, use partitiivi and mikä question nominatiivi. Ok, then when do I use a mitä or mikä question? Answer comes "If the answer is partitiivi then you use mitä." This turned out chicken and egg methafore! I am curious, if u can enlighten me and if yes, i will be thrilled. Kiitos videosta.💕🌺
Partitiivi (partitive), the name is a Latin term that means a part of a whole. Linguists used Latin to name the cases, but the case existed long before any linguist had taken a look at it. So, the name of the case gives us a hint about the use of the case "part of a whole". But we shouldn't rely on the name to figure out how to use it. I'm a native Finnish speaker, and I'll try to explain the main uses of partitiivi. I won't explain everything, because that wouldn't be useful right now, but I will explain the main points. Finnish has four types of sentences: declarative sentences, existential sentences, imperative/command sentence & necessative sentences. The partitive case is governed by different rules in each sentence type. So, I won't teach all of them now. Like Sean said in the video, the partitive case is present in nouns (substantiivi) & adjectives that modify them (adjektiivi). I will only focus on declarative sentences in this presentation. In declarative sentences, partitive can only be present in the grammatical object. What is the grammatical object? The grammatical object is the thing being played, seen, done etc. He plays FOOTBALL. He saw a MAN. he drank WATER. A dog chased a CAT. etc. Whenever you do something, that something has to be linked to the verb in Finnish. In English, the word order is enough. A dog chases a cat. A cat chases a dog. The meaning is completely different. The word-order tells us which one is the chaser and which one is the chasee. In Finnish, we have to mark the chasee, the thing being drunk, played, seen, watched etc. There are two basic cases that are used to mark the grammatical object: partitiivi & akkusatiivi. The partitive is used when the noun is uncountable. The accusative is used when the noun is countable. Juon vettä (I drink water) water is uncountable = partitiivi). Ostan lampun (I buy a lamp) lamp is countable = akkusatiivi. Ostan ison lampun. Iso is an adjective, and it has to agree with lamppu so it, too, gets the accusative case iso->ison, lamppu->lampun. -- The partitive case is used when a noun is uncountable AND when an action is not realized = a negative meaning. I don't drink water. En juo vettä (water=partitive because the sentence meaning is negative) I don't buy a lamp. (En osta lamppua. Lamp=partitive, because the meaning of the sentence is negative). --- I could go on, but it wouldn't be helpful. Start with two questions: 1. Is the sentence negative? Yes-> partitive. No->step 2. 2. Is the noun uncountable? Yes->partitive. No->accusative. There are a couple of other questions, but I won't go into them until you've mastered these two. Now, it's your turn. Tell me whether the accusative case or the partitive case is used in the following sentences. A) I will buy a car. B) I will sell a car. C) I will sell milk. D) I will buy a bottle (of water). E) I will not buy a bottle (of water).
i missed a few of my finnish language classes while shifting, even though i came to A level but i still was doing this on guess basis.. dont ask how!!!! but you cleared it all... thanks thanks thanks
Here's the explanation. Back in the day (a thousand years ago or so). All partitive singular endings were -ta/-tä and all plural endings were -ita/itä. At some point, consonants started disappearing. A consonant was lost if it was between TWO but not THREE consonants. Maitota became maitoa, because the t of -ta was betweytwo vowels. Similarly, koirata became koiraa. However, if there were going to be three vowels together, the consonant was not lost. So, maata stayed maata. Kouluhun became kouluun, but maahan stayed maahan. --- Finnish history is full of sound changes: consonants disappearing between vowels, two consonants becoming one long consonant, two different vowels becoming one long vowel - the language is full of sound changes! A very prominent place where sound changes took place is at the end of words. Originally, many words ended with "e". Keele, vete, kakte, ykte, viite, kuute and so on. The endings (sijamuoto) were added to this original nominative form. Vete+nä=vetenä, vete+n=veten, vete+hen=vetehen. Later consonant gradation started. So, veten became veden. Viite+n=viiden became viiden. In the case of kieli. The original nominative is keele (kiele). The partitive singular used to always be -ta/-tä. So, kiele+tä became kieletä. Later the "e" was lost. Kieltä. The plural partitive itä followed the familiar pattern: Kiele+itä->kielitä. Now, the t ended up between two vowels. So, it was lost -> kieliä. Here's a similar pattern for vesi. The origin form was vete. Vete+tä=vetetä. The e was lost -> vettä. The nominative isn't vete anymore, because all word-final "e" sounds in two-syllable words became "i" kiele->kieli, vete->veti. Later all ti->si. Veti->vesi, viite->viiti->viisi. --- The variation exists, because the endings were on e added to the nominative case, but after they were added, the started to live a life of their own. So, it didn't matter that the nominative case changed. It's hard to explain in a textual form as it's not interactive. It'd be easier to explain in a dialog. If you have any questions, ask them, and I'll do my best to explain them.
Very good. Nen ending is peculiar. Before adding any ending, you need to change the nen into s. Iloinen->ilois. Then you can add the ta ending. What does ilois become? Ihminen works according to the same logic. What is the partitive case form of ihminen?
All nen words are peculiar, because before adding any ending you replace the nen by s. So, iloinen->ilois. Then you add the specific ending. In this case "ta". So, what does ilois+ta become?
This is amazing! I just asked about these different endings and why they change from my Finnish friend, and I randomly saw thia video on youtube 😍 it cannot be clearer than this 😍 kiitos!
I was struggling understanding partitive but not until i watched ur video. Kiitos paljon.
Nice, because you speak slowly and clearly
Hello Teacher ,I am little confused about the vowel end word, is e not a vowel ? why Kirje should be kirjettä ?
Why are there three variants: a, ta & tta? Here's an explanation.
Originally, the partitive singular was always ta/tä. The plural partitive was always ita/itä.
Finnish is a language that is full of historical sound changes. So, one form became multiple forms based on the sounds that surrounded the original form.
Ta has been conserved as such in the following conditions: A: when the T of ta is between three vowels: maata, Lontoota.
B: when the T is precedeed by a consonant: ihmiStä, kauneuTta, valmiSta,
Ta->a when the T of ta was between two vowels. Autota->autoa, naruta->narua, koirata->koiraa.
You see this same pattern in hVn kouluhun->kouluun, but maahan->maahan. ihmisehen->ihmiseen.
--
Tta is originally k+ta->tta or hta->tta.
Most of two-syllable words that today end with "e" (in writing), have had either a K or H at the end (terveh, veneh, etc.)
When the ta was added to these words, the h/k assimilated to the t to make it easier to pronounce virhektä->virhettä, venehtä->venettä.
--
Later the word-final H or K became a glottal stop. The glottal stop is the only sound in the Finnish language that doesn't have a symbol in the written language. So, terve really has an extra sound at the end, but it's not written down.
THE EBD OF THE EXPLANATION
---
Word-final m is similar: all word-final m sounds became n sounds. Avaim->avain. Ohjaim->ohjain. But if the M was in the middle of a word when the changed occurred, the m stayed and m. Avaimen, ohjaimen.
The same word-final sound change & middle conservation applies to two-syllable words that today end with "i".
Word-final e->i, but if the e was in the middle of a word. It stayed the same: vetEnä vs vesI.
Iloinenta
Katua
Tätiä
Tervetta
Is this correct?
iloista
katua
tätiä
tervettä
kiitos oppetaja Sean
Well done! All correct answers! (High five!)
terve! i really like your channel. its so easy to learn. but it would be perfect if you also provide the correct answer with explaination at the end of the video. because i cannot understand why the partitive of iloinen becomes iloista.
I am trying to learn what is partitiivi. I understood how to constact clearly and when to use as much as I can. But I dont get, what is it? When I ask teachers they say, if u answer a mitä question, use partitiivi and mikä question nominatiivi. Ok, then when do I use a mitä or mikä question? Answer comes "If the answer is partitiivi then you use mitä." This turned out chicken and egg methafore! I am curious, if u can enlighten me and if yes, i will be thrilled. Kiitos videosta.💕🌺
Think of a water bottle. Mikä is the bottle, mitä is the water. Or a clock vs. time.
@@elderscrollsswimmer4833 thanks for the answer, that helped. I will think about it and try to find more examples. 🌺
Partitiivi (partitive), the name is a Latin term that means a part of a whole. Linguists used Latin to name the cases, but the case existed long before any linguist had taken a look at it.
So, the name of the case gives us a hint about the use of the case "part of a whole". But we shouldn't rely on the name to figure out how to use it.
I'm a native Finnish speaker, and I'll try to explain the main uses of partitiivi. I won't explain everything, because that wouldn't be useful right now, but I will explain the main points.
Finnish has four types of sentences: declarative sentences, existential sentences, imperative/command sentence & necessative sentences.
The partitive case is governed by different rules in each sentence type. So, I won't teach all of them now.
Like Sean said in the video, the partitive case is present in nouns (substantiivi) & adjectives that modify them (adjektiivi).
I will only focus on declarative sentences in this presentation. In declarative sentences, partitive can only be present in the grammatical object.
What is the grammatical object? The grammatical object is the thing being played, seen, done etc. He plays FOOTBALL. He saw a MAN. he drank WATER. A dog chased a CAT. etc.
Whenever you do something, that something has to be linked to the verb in Finnish. In English, the word order is enough.
A dog chases a cat. A cat chases a dog. The meaning is completely different. The word-order tells us which one is the chaser and which one is the chasee.
In Finnish, we have to mark the chasee, the thing being drunk, played, seen, watched etc.
There are two basic cases that are used to mark the grammatical object: partitiivi & akkusatiivi.
The partitive is used when the noun is uncountable. The accusative is used when the noun is countable.
Juon vettä (I drink water) water is uncountable = partitiivi).
Ostan lampun (I buy a lamp) lamp is countable = akkusatiivi.
Ostan ison lampun. Iso is an adjective, and it has to agree with lamppu so it, too, gets the accusative case iso->ison, lamppu->lampun.
--
The partitive case is used when a noun is uncountable AND when an action is not realized = a negative meaning.
I don't drink water. En juo vettä (water=partitive because the sentence meaning is negative)
I don't buy a lamp. (En osta lamppua. Lamp=partitive, because the meaning of the sentence is negative).
---
I could go on, but it wouldn't be helpful. Start with two questions:
1. Is the sentence negative? Yes-> partitive. No->step 2.
2. Is the noun uncountable? Yes->partitive. No->accusative.
There are a couple of other questions, but I won't go into them until you've mastered these two.
Now, it's your turn. Tell me whether the accusative case or the partitive case is used in the following sentences.
A) I will buy a car.
B) I will sell a car.
C) I will sell milk.
D) I will buy a bottle (of water).
E) I will not buy a bottle (of water).
Your channel is so underrated 😭😭 i love it
Kiitos paljo it's big help to my studies.
i missed a few of my finnish language classes while shifting, even though i came to A level but i still was doing this on guess basis.. dont ask how!!!! but you cleared it all... thanks thanks thanks
Thank you so much, you make it easy to understand . Kiitos!😊
can you send me the name of the music in this video?
Illoinenta
Katua
Tätiä
Tervettä
Please correct me if i'm wrong
Iloista ,katua ,tätiä,tervettä ,,,kiitos ope sean
Hyvää
Wow you explain sooo good ❤
This is superb! Kiitos
Kiitos Paljon. 😊
Thank you, very helpful
1. Iloista
2. Katua
3. Tätiä
4. Tervettä.
Kieli becomes kielia or kielta ?? According to rule kielia but I saw it as kielta .why ?
Here's the explanation.
Back in the day (a thousand years ago or so).
All partitive singular endings were -ta/-tä and all plural endings were -ita/itä.
At some point, consonants started disappearing. A consonant was lost if it was between TWO but not THREE consonants.
Maitota became maitoa, because the t of -ta was betweytwo vowels. Similarly, koirata became koiraa. However, if there were going to be three vowels together, the consonant was not lost. So, maata stayed maata. Kouluhun became kouluun, but maahan stayed maahan.
---
Finnish history is full of sound changes: consonants disappearing between vowels, two consonants becoming one long consonant, two different vowels becoming one long vowel - the language is full of sound changes!
A very prominent place where sound changes took place is at the end of words.
Originally, many words ended with "e". Keele, vete, kakte, ykte, viite, kuute and so on.
The endings (sijamuoto) were added to this original nominative form.
Vete+nä=vetenä, vete+n=veten, vete+hen=vetehen.
Later consonant gradation started. So, veten became veden. Viite+n=viiden became viiden.
In the case of kieli. The original nominative is keele (kiele). The partitive singular used to always be -ta/-tä. So, kiele+tä became kieletä. Later the "e" was lost. Kieltä.
The plural partitive itä followed the familiar pattern:
Kiele+itä->kielitä. Now, the t ended up between two vowels. So, it was lost -> kieliä.
Here's a similar pattern for vesi.
The origin form was vete.
Vete+tä=vetetä. The e was lost -> vettä.
The nominative isn't vete anymore, because all word-final "e" sounds in two-syllable words became "i" kiele->kieli, vete->veti.
Later all ti->si. Veti->vesi, viite->viiti->viisi.
---
The variation exists, because the endings were on e added to the nominative case, but after they were added, the started to live a life of their own. So, it didn't matter that the nominative case changed.
It's hard to explain in a textual form as it's not interactive. It'd be easier to explain in a dialog. If you have any questions, ask them, and I'll do my best to explain them.
kiitos paljon ope Sean!
ole hyvä
Kiitos!😊
Exercises:
*Iloinen= Iloinenta
*Katu= Katua
*Täti= Tätiä
*Terve= Tervetta
Kiitos paljon
Please make more videos on partitive and KPT
Iloinenta, Katua, Tätia, Tervettä
Thanks to you
Iloinen-iloista
katu-katua
Täti-tätiä
Terve-tervetta
Please past tense
Iloinenta, katua, Tätiä, tervetta
Iloinen- iloinenta
Katu- katua
Täti- tätia
Terve- tervetta
iloinentä
katua
Tätiä
tervettä
iloinenta, katua, tatiä, tervetta
Thank u
iloista
katua
Tätiä
tervettä
Iloinen - Iloinesta
Katu - katua
Täti - tätiä
Terve - tervetta
Very good. Nen ending is peculiar. Before adding any ending, you need to change the nen into s. Iloinen->ilois. Then you can add the ta ending. What does ilois become?
Ihminen works according to the same logic. What is the partitive case form of ihminen?
Why we change nen into s?Is it rule about partitivi?
ilonenta
katua
Tätiä
Tervetta
iloista
Katua
Tätiä
Tervettä
Iloista
Katua
Tatiä
Tervettä
katua
tervettä
tätiä
IIoista
Illoinenta
Katu
Tätiä
Tervettä
IIoinen(IIoista)
KATU (KATUA)
Täti (Tätiä)
terve(Tervettä)
Iloisesta
Katua
Täteä
Tervettä
Iloista
Katua
Tervettä
Hyvää
kauta
täitä
katua, tervettä, tätiä, IIoista
Iloinenta
Katua
Tätiä
Tervetta
All nen words are peculiar, because before adding any ending you replace the nen by s. So, iloinen->ilois. Then you add the specific ending. In this case "ta". So, what does ilois+ta become?
Katua
Iloista
Tätiä
Tervettä
iloista, katua, tätiä, terveä
EDIT: 3/4
Iloista
Katua
täitä
tervettä
Iloista
Katoa
IIoistä
katua
tätiä
IIoista
IIoista
Katua
katua
Iloista
Katua
Tätia
Tervetta
Hyvää
Kiitos
Moi, can u tell me why you come up with an aswer of "iloista" in Iloinen?
Tätiä
iioista
katua
katua
tervettä
tätiä
Iloinentä, katua, tätiä, tervettä
Hyvää
tervettä
IIoista
tervettä
Iloista
Katua
Tätiä
Tervettä
Katua
katua
Iloista
Katua
Tätiä
Tervettä
Iloista
Katua
Tätiä
Tervettä
Iloista
Katua
Tätiä
Tervettä
Great effort
Katua
Katua
katua