Fraserburgh harbour 28 08 2023

The Scottish fishing fleet can be split into four broad sectors:
The pelagic fleet which mainly targets herring and mackerel. It is comprised of a relatively small number of large, profitable vessels.
The demersal or whitefish fleet targets bottom-dwelling fish in two types of fishery: the round fish fishery in the North Sea and west of Scotland (which comprises cod, haddock, whiting and saithe) and the species found in the deeper water to the north and west of Scotland.
The mixed demersal and shellfish fleet are the boats from the whitefish fleet which move between whitefish and Nephrops fisheries (prawn, or langoustine, fisheries).
The shellfish fleet is those vessels that specialise in shellfish such as scallops and Nephrops. They tend to operate within the inshore waters of the west coast, east coast, Borders, Fife, and south west of Scotland. A high proportion of these vessels are under 10m.
The following species make up the bulk of Scottish catches: mackerel and herring (pelagic); haddock, cod and monkfish (whitefish); Scottish langoustine ( Nephrops); crabs and scallops (other shellfish).
Fishing ports
The largest part of the commercial fishing industry operates from ports located in the north-east of Scotland, especially around Peterhead and Fraserburgh. This region has both the greatest volume and value of landings, as well as a greater concentration of local fish processors and an important level of local economic dependence on fishing activity (see Economic Analysis Section). Shetland has a fishing sector on a similar scale to that of the north-east and provides important landing facilities for many of Europe's pelagic fleets. The north coast and Orkney support a small local industry and also have some busy fishing ports, notably Scrabster and Wick.
In the north-west, Lochinver and Kinlochbervie are important ports for access to the fishing ground to the north-west of Scotland and often receive landings from fishing vessels from other EU countries that operate to the west of Scotland. The western coast still supports numerous small ports and harbours, the largest of which are Ullapool, Oban, Portree and Mallaig. Elsewhere, in the south-east and south-west, numerous small ports continue to support a small local industry based on small vessels fishing inshore grounds, mostly for shellfish. Most of the fishing industry on the west coast is now dependent upon shellfish.
Fishing effort has decr­eased significantly since 2000 due to continuing restrictions on fishing activity in order to promote stock recovery.
To obtain a fishing licence for the first time, an entitlement has to be secured from a current licence holder. An entitlement becomes available when a licence is no longer attached to an active fishing vessel or it may be transferred alongside the purchase of a fishing vessel.
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