Bar Kokhba and the Final Roman-Jewish War
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ก.ย. 2024
- In the first and second centuries, Jewish people engaged in a series of large-scale insurrections against the authority of the Roman Empire. The first of these engagements, fought between 66 and 73 CE, is the most famous and resulted in the final destruction of the Jerusalem Temple and the end of Judaism’s “Second Temple Period.” This had enormous consequences for Judaism and for Christianity which was evolving from its origins as a Jewish sect into a new religion in its own right. A little more than half a century later in the year 132, Jews in Judea revolted against Roman authority one final time. Led by Simon bar Kokhba, who was acclaimed as a Messiah, the rebels temporarily established an independent Jewish Kingdom. The powerful Roman Emperor Hadrian sent between 60,000 and 120,000 Roman soldiers to the theatre, which mercilessly crushed the rebellion. The Romans destroyed nearly every village in Judea and many as 100,000 Jews were sold into slavery. The failure of the revolt had enormous consequences for the development of Rabbinic Judaism - the main branch of the religion that has come down to us today. John Hamer of Toronto Centre Place will look at the causes, scope, and consequences of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, including its legacies today.
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Simon bar Kokhba versus Jesus personifies the Jewish concept of a messiah, i.e. a military figure vs a messiah of the spirit.
True
This was an amazing presentation and I am so glad I found this channel!
Exciting, eloquent lecturer who keeps you on the edge of your seat wanting more. What a guy. Who would have known?
Thank you for all your knowledge and nice presentation. You are a great example😊
Great lecture. Thank you
Great lecture. I had heard of the Bar Kokhba rebellion but had no detailed context and no appreciation of its impact on Judaism and Christianity. This 3rd revolt seemed to me just a spasm of pointless violence.
@ dantallman5345
There were several underlying issues
left over from the first and second
Jewish v. Roman wars. Also, the
emperor Hadrian announced a plan
to rebuilt Jerusalem ... Great idea!
*But* the construction was paid for
by taxes on the people of Judea,
Samaria and Galilee. This gave
ammunition for Bar Kokhba and
his supporters.
In addition:
*131CE:*
"The Edict of Hadrian
*Prohibits the practice of circumcision.
*Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public
reading of the Torah under penalty of
death, as well as observance of festivals
and the Sabbath, the teaching of Judaic Law,
and the ordination of rabbis." - Wikipedia.
*134 CE:*
*Summer - Sextus Julius Severus, Roman
governor of Judea, begins a campaign
against the Jewish rebel
strongholds in the mountains.
*The Romans retake Jerusalem.
*The largely-destroyed city is renamed Aelia Capitolina.
*135 CE:*
*A Jewish diaspora begins, as Emperor Hadrian bars
Jews from Jerusalem, and has survivors of the
massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire.
Many join Mediterranean ports.
*Jerusalem is renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina, in honor of Hadrian.
*Legio VI Ferrata rebuilds the legionary fortress in the city, and
constructs a Roman temple at Golgotha.[ To Venus/Aphrodite]
*An altar to Jupiter is erected, on the site of the Temple in Jerusalem.
*An altar to Jupiter is erected on Mt. Gerizim (Some Samaritans had fought with the Jews.
*136 CE*
*The Roman province of Iudaea/Judea (plus Galilee) becomes Syria Palaestina*
the name Palestine as a designation for this land was used since at least the
5th century BC (mentioned by Herodotus)
Thank you, I enjoyed this lecture.
Hadrian certainly did a lot of things that upset the Jews and were an impetus to rise up in rebellion!
He wasn't very nice to the Samaritans or the Christians either!
*131CE:*
"The Edict of Hadrian
*Prohibits the practice of circumcision. Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public reading of the Torah under penalty of death,
as well as observance of festivals and the Sabbath, the teaching of Judaic Law, and the ordination of rabbis." - Wikipedia.
*134 CE:*
*Summer - Sextus Julius Severus, Roman governor of Judea, begins a campaign against the Jewish rebel strongholds in the mountains.
*The Romans retake Jerusalem.
*The largely-destroyed city is renamed Aelia Capitolina.
*135 CE:*
*A Jewish diaspora begins, as Emperor Hadrian bars Jews from Jerusalem, and has survivors of the massacre dispersed across
the Roman Empire. Many join Mediterranean ports.
*Jerusalem is renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina, in honor of Hadrian.
*Legio VI Ferrata rebuilds the legionary fortress in the city, and constructs a Roman temple at Golgotha.[ To Venus/Aphrodite]
*An altar to Jupiter is erected, on the site of the Temple in Jerusalem.
*An altar to Jupiter is erected on Mt. Gerizim [Some Samaritans had fought with the Jews]
*136 CE*
*The Roman province of Iudaea/Judea (plus Galilee) becomes Syria Palaestina*
the name Palestine as a designation for this land was used since at least the
5th century BC (mentioned by Herodotus)
The Bar Kokhba Revolt may have been the last (and third) large Jewish Roman war; but it was not the last uprising of Jews
and Samaritans against the Roman/Byzantine empire.
*Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus (351--352 CE)*
This occurred during the Roman Civil war of (350 - 353 CE)
*The Samaritan revolts (c. 484-573)*
There were at least 5 separate revolts.
*The Jewish Revolt against Heraclius (614-617/625 CE)*
This revolt occurred during the Byzantine-Sasanian (Persian) War of 602-628 CE
[Heraclius became emperor in 610]
Early in the Byzantine-Sasanian War, the Persians had the upper hand. So much so that the Persians gave the Jews control
of Jerusalem [However there was pushback in Persia by Nestorian Christians against allowing the Jews to control Jerusalem
By 624 Rome was ramping up and eventually defeated the Persians in 628 CE. But the rule of the Middle East hung in the
balance for several years with a lot of back and forth and gain/loss of territory for both Rome/Byzantium and Persia. In either
629 or 630 Heraclius held a Triumph (march) through Aelia Capitolina (formerly Jerusalem) and returned the lance that had
pierced Christ's side (relic) to Alelia Capitolina (Jerusalem) Other recovered relics were taken to Constantinople.
Wow! Thanks for all the research here! I didn't know a lot of this!
I would like to see a lecture on Marcion of Sinope.
This man is great but I don't see his name anywhere .. I wonder if these ideas that he's presenting are his own or he's acquired them from reading? Anyway. It is quite superb his analysis of how the various religious traditions melded and evolved..
He's quite the historian! John Hammer knows a lot about a lot! 😊
Crazy only 50k subscribers... thanks for your commitment!
Does this not remind you of Hamas' suicidal attack on Israel? Quick wins and killing of the occupiers, but then just disaster that must follow such irrational vengeance.
It’s almost as if Hamas is controlled opposition, financed by the Israeli State to help them achieve their fanatical goal of extermination & exile of the actual Semitic residents of occupied Palestine
Great historical lectures…very informative,like them
Thank you enjoyed that😊
"The Final Roman-Jewish War: Bar Kokhba's Kingdom, Biblical Context, and Consequences of the Jewish Revolt against Rome in Ancient Israel and Judah"
📚 This video discusses the final Roman Jewish war and the context leading up to it, focusing on the independence of Simon Bar Kokhba's kingdom and the consequences of the war.
01:46
Simon Bar Kokhba briefly led an independent kingdom in Judea between 132 and 135 CE.
01:46
The Levant has rarely seen independent Jewish states throughout history.
03:07
The first Roman Jewish war took place between 66 and 73 CE, resulting in the destruction of the temple.
05:43
The Samaritans also had revolts seeking independence in the fifth and sixth centuries, but were ultimately suppressed by the East Roman Empire.
06:11
The Levant's geography makes it difficult for it to be the center of a large empire.
07:32
The Umayyad Caliphate was an exception to this, establishing a large empire with its capital in Damascus.
08:39
📚 The video discusses the historical context of the biblical texts and how they reflect the period in which they were written.
09:36
The biblical texts reflect the historical context of their authors.
09:36
The Byzantine Empire was difficult to invade due to the need for naval superiority and a large land army.
09:46
The Abbasids moved the capital from Constantinople to Baghdad.
10:10
The Levant has often been dominated by foreign empires.
11:16
Achieving independence for local states in the Levant has been the exception rather than the rule.
11:54
The Kingdom of Israel fell to the Assyrians in 720 BCE.
12:21
The Kingdom of Judah flourished after the fall of the northern kingdom, but was later conquered by the Neo Babylonians.
14:25
The stories in the Bible have components that reflect actual historical events.
16:20
The texts of the Bible were written, edited, and added to over time to reflect different perspectives and historical periods.
17:04
📚 The video discusses the development of religious beliefs and the role of the House of David in biblical narratives.
19:06
The independent Kingdom of Judah allied with the priesthood in Jerusalem to centralize religion and maintain control.
19:06
The Priestly writers crafted a narrative that worshiping the one God in Jerusalem has always been the norm since creation.
19:30
The Deuteronomic writers focused on a henotheistic belief system, emphasizing punishment for turning away from Yahweh.
21:03
The House of David, as the royal family, played a significant role in the biblical narratives.
24:02
The promise of an everlasting dynasty for the House of David was later proven false when the Babylonians conquered Judah.
26:01
The Babylonian captivity led to the assimilation of the elite of Judah in Babylon.
27:38
📚 This video provides an overview of the historical and cultural influences on ancient Israel and Judah, including the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and Greeks.
28:07
The Assyrians took the king and elites of Israel and Judah into exile in Northern Mesopotamia.
28:07
The Persians allowed the exiles to return to Jerusalem and encouraged the rebuilding of the Temple.
28:32
The Persian Empire patronized Zoroastrianism, a dualist religion that influenced the development of apocalypticism and the idea of resurrection.
33:08
The Hellenistic period brought Greek cultural influence to the region.
37:06
📚 The video discusses the influence of Greek and Jewish kingdoms during the second temple period and the development of new ideas in Judaism, such as limited dualism, resurrection, and messianism.
37:32
Greek and Jewish kingdoms had influence during the second temple period.
37:32
The Hebrew Bible lacked support for some new ideas in Judaism, such as resurrection.
38:23
Different sects had different beliefs about the form of the Messiah.
45:35
📚 The video discusses the context of the Roman Jewish Wars and the tensions between Jews, Greeks, and Romans during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
46:18
Multiple and complex ideas about future Messiahs existed within the Jewish community.
46:18
The followers of Jesus of Nazareth believed he was the Messiah, but faced opposition from both Jews and Samaritans.
46:39
The Jewish sect led by Jesus found more converts among Greek-speaking pagans.
47:14
Jews in Judea and the Mediterranean diaspora were influenced by Hellenistic Greek ideas.
48:26
The tension between Jews and Greeks continued under Roman rule.
51:16
The Romans became mediators of disputes between Jews and Greeks.
51:23
Philo, a representative of the Jewish Community, argued for compatibility between Greek philosophy and Jewish religion.
51:46
The Roman Jewish Wars were fought primarily in the Levant and among diaspora communities.
53:06
The first war was sparked by Greek merchants offending Jews in Caesarea and a cessation of prayers for the Roman Emperor in the Jerusalem Temple.
54:23
🔥 The video discusses the first Roman-Jewish war and its consequences on Judaism and Christianity.
56:10
The Roman Governor's harsh actions led to a full-scale revolt and the Roman garrison in Judea was quickly overrun.
56:10
The rebellion was initially successful but lacked a central leader or command.
57:41
Vespasian, a Roman general, was sent to crush the rebellion and later became the Emperor.
58:43
Titus, son of Vespasian, led the siege of Jerusalem, resulting in the destruction of the city and the temple.
59:24
The end of the second temple period had significant effects on both Judaism and Christianity.
1:00:42
The Jerusalem Church went into exile, leading to a shift in Christian authority.
1:01:05
Christianity evolved into a separate religion and spread throughout the Roman Empire.
1:01:46
The destruction of the temple led to the decline of the Sadducees and Essenes.
1:03:04
The Pharisees regrouped as the rabbis and became the leaders of Judaism.
1:03:34
🔥 The video discusses the conquest of Arm Media by Rome, the rebellion of Jewish diaspora communities, the rebuilding of Jerusalem by Hadrian, and the Bar Kokhba Revolt.
1:05:17
Rome conquered the border state of Arm Media, which served as a buffer between the Persians, Parthan Empire, and Roman Empire.
1:05:17
Jewish diaspora communities in Mesopotamia rebelled against Roman rule.
1:06:22
Hadrian visited Jerusalem in 130CE and decided to rebuild the city as a fully Pagan City named Alia Capitolina.
1:08:37
The rebuilding of Jerusalem sparked the Bar Kokhba Revolt.
1:09:43
Bar Kokhba, the leader of the revolt, was proclaimed as the long-awaited Messiah by the rabbis.
1:12:35
The rebels initially cut off the Roman legion in Alia Capitolina and inflicted heavy casualties on local Roman troops.
1:14:18
💥 The video discusses the Bar Kokhba Revolt, a Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in Judea in the 2nd century CE, and its impact on Judaism and Christianity.
1:14:24
The Bar Kokhba Revolt was a failed Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in Judea in the 2nd century CE.
1:14:24
The Romans were taken by surprise initially, but ultimately brought in reinforcements and suppressed the revolt.
1:14:31
Bar Kokhba led a successful guerilla insurgency, but Hadrian sent more resources and ultimately transferred a third of the Roman Empire's army to Judea.
1:14:39
After successful guerilla operations, Bar Kokhba and his followers were besieged in a fortress near Aliacapitalina, where he was killed and remaining rebels were executed.
1:15:18
The aftermath of the revolt led to ethnic cleansing and destruction in Judea, with many Jewish outposts and villages raised to the ground.
1:17:21
The failure of Bar Kokhba as a messiah figure changed rabbinic expectations about the Messiah, leading to a shift in focus for Judaism.
1:19:44
Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism emerged as sister religions from the second temple period, with Christianity embracing Hellenistic philosophy and Rabbinic Judaism remaining critical of it.
1:20:52
The destruction of the temple and the Bar Kokhba Revolt permanently divided Judaism and Christianity, leading to separate religious paths.
1:22:14
Jerusalem's Old City largely follows the plan of Aliacapitalina, with the surviving temple platform as the only remnant of pre-Roman Jerusalem.
1:23:38
🔑 This video discusses the importance of the Bar Kokhba Revolt in Jerusalem and its consequences on the city's status as a contested holy place to this day.
1:24:17
The Bar Kokhba Revolt was a Jewish uprising against Roman rule in Jerusalem.
1:24:17
Jerusalem was initially a pagan city under the Roman Empire, but became Christian under Emperor Constantine's mother St. Helena.
1:24:27
St. Helena found various sites in Jerusalem that locals claimed were related to biblical events, including Jesus's tomb.
1:24:43
The Temple mount, which housed a pagan temple, was converted into the first Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
1:24:51
The old Temple to Jupiter on top of the Temple mount was allowed to decline and be destroyed.
1:25:00
When Muslims took over Jerusalem from Christians, they built mosques on the Temple mount.
1:25:10
The city of Jerusalem remains a contested holy place to this day.
1:26:02
Jews fought against fellow Jews during the revolts, but the proportion of Jews revolting at any given time was not a majority.
1:27:58
The desert environment influenced the development of societies in the Levant, making the land smaller and more susceptible to raids from nomadic groups.
1:31:06
📚 The Romans did not think twice about destroying Pauline Christians during major persecutions, but Jewish Christians were a small group and not a major concern for them.
1:33:43
The Romans focused on suppressing or eradicating the Pauline Christians during major persecutions.
1:33:43
Jewish Christians were a tiny group and not the main target of Roman persecutions.
1:33:52
There were other revolts and wars happening during that time, such as civil wars and conflicts with Germans.
1:34:46
Christianity emerged from second temple Judaism, but early Christianity had both tolerant and intolerant attitudes.
1:37:07
Constantine issued an Edict of Toleration, but internal divisions within Christianity were seen as a disease to be eradicated.
1:37:56
Christian heresies were not tolerated within the Roman Empire, leading to the persecution of Jewish Christians.
1:39:18
There are limited Roman sources discussing the revolts, but Josephus provides extensive information.
1:40:36
The Romans viewed the Jewish revolts as disloyalty to the Empire, and there was popular support for suppressing them.
1:41:14
Christian sources also discuss the revolts, reflecting different attitudes towards them.
1:41:43
📚 The video discusses the motivations behind the Jewish Revolt against the Romans and the evolving identity of the Jewish people.
1:42:19
The Christian attitude towards the Jewish Revolt was that it was a punishment for rejecting the real Messiah.
1:42:19
Roman policy was to suppress revolts with extreme measures.
1:43:20
The first Jewish Rebellion against the Romans was inspired by the successful Hasmonaean revolt.
1:45:07
The Jewish Revolt was fueled by religious messianism and the hope for God to fight alongside the chosen people.
1:45:57
The Jewish identity and reputation evolved over time due to conflicts with other religions and empires.
1:47:56
📚 The speaker discusses the possibility of giving a lecture on the history of the Levant and the military orders, such as the Teutonic Knights, as well as the ongoing East-West conflict between the Baltic states and Russia.
1:50:55
The speaker suggests giving a lecture on the history of the Levant from a larger scale zoomed out time focus, including the Middle Ages and the Crusades.
1:50:55
The speaker mentions having done research on the history of the Crusades, the Muslim period, and more modern times.
1:51:16
The speaker acknowledges the interest in a lecture specifically on the Teutonic Knights and suggests covering all the military orders first to provide context.
1:51:30
The speaker highlights the relevance of the East-West conflict between the Baltic states and Russia in the present day.
1:51:51
The speaker expresses gratitude for the questions, dialogue, and support from the viewers.
1:52:08
The speaker announces that the next week's topic will be holy wisdom and the logos, focusing on abstract theology prior to the development of the Trinity.
1:52:14
AI generated?
The people who staged the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in 1943 where inspired by the history of the Bar Kokhba Revolt...
What’s extremely relevant and a lot of historians seem to try to avoid is the significant Jewish Judean communities that remains behind after the third revolt… Who eventually became today’s Palestinians…
Very relevant with the modern war happening there
Indeed I will make those of the synagogue of Satan, who say they are Jews and are not, but lie-indeed I will make them come and worship before your feet, and to know that I have loved you. Rev 3:9
NO 👎 NOPE!! Where do you get that? There’s no such thing as a Palestinian! That’s a Roman invention.
The particular little hill town is JERUSALEM! Hadrian renamed it after himself Aelia Capitolina and the region of Israel Syria PALESTINA. PALESTINA is the Latin form of Philistines who were Israel’s enemies that lived in Gaza. Philistine in Hebrew means INVADERS. the philistines disappeared and were from Crete. They are who Goliath the giant came from that King David killed.
Btw, HAMAS in Hebrew means VIOLENCE. So you have the PHILISTINES THE INVADERS WHO ARE HAMAS VIOLENT.
This is a boring long version of Jewish history and probably not very accurate.
34:02 stopped watching. TOO SLOW AND BORING
Terrific series of lectures. Culturally, the individualists and general capitalist political right are the obvious audience as can be seen from the comments. A leftist or movement aware person would ask, what was the level of crucifixion during both of these and, in particular, the lecture focused, second revolt. No one asks this question, we continue to hear the same old “who was the historical Jesus?” We never consider the symbol of crucifixion, the thousands of historical Jesus figures, we never consider the crucified anonymous body as the symbol of the paleo or protocol Christian movement in which the institution of Roman crucifixion is the point of the movement. Comments? No one asks what was the level of crucifixion that occurred during these rebellions.
Life of Brian kind of touches on this, although from a comedic perspective.
This is actually too tangential but.. As a metaphor recall how the exhausted Roman Empire hired German mercenaries and later could not fight off German armies. Here is a tale that resembles that. The Sassanids defeated the Parthians in 226 and took over their Empire. The Sassanids promptly went to war with the Romans. The wars lasted until 627 (roughly). It appears that the exhausted Sassanids hired lots of Arab mercenaries. Once the Sassanid could no longer pay them, the Arab leaders cut a deal with the Parthians. The Parthians held a grudge for centuries and joined the Arabs who possessed the Sassanid weapons. Together they quickly captured the Sassanid Empire. The victorious forces did not really suddenly sweep in from the desert. Also, at that time, the Arab army was not yet completely Muslim. A little later, at the end of the second Arab civil war, peace was desired by the victors. The winning Arab army decided to adopt and greatly expand the Muslim religion belonging to the force that it had defeated in the second civil war.
FANTASTIC CONTENT !!
Why does the subscript to this site say it is about gay rights? What does that have to do about anything?
What about Zealots sect? This died out as well. Only Pharisees sect continued and later transformed into Rabinic movement. As well, once the Temple was destroyed, no more sacrifices could be performed up to our days.
The 40 minute-plus backstories to the topic are usually the best part!
Hope, wish so many uninformed people truly learn what happened to the jews, how heartbreaking it is.
109 countries & counting!
Sir knight, your research *stinks* -- the Hasmoneans achieved independence in 142 BCE rather than 110 as you wrote.
I don't have the time let alone patience to watch or listen attentively to the rest of of your upload.
Try to enjoy your thumb down and check your facts twice before uploading more material about Jewish history.
Its so old that it doesn’t have cover on it, and the pages r well used, my aunt went to Jarvis street Baptist church and she used it for bible study! I also grew up in T.o and went to SundayS School every Sunday with her
Iduea
Delanda
E S T
Ironic how Iduea is now more rich and populated then Rome itself..
In Latin. Liberta Israel 🇮🇱 ❤
Thanks for the presentation. The statue of Bar Kokhba looks a lot like Mr. Charlton Heston 😎👍
The legend himself!
Sir knight, your research *stinks* -- the Hasmoneans achieved independence in 142 BCE rather than 110 as you wrote.
I don't have the time let alone patience to watch or listen attentively to the rest of of your upload.
Try to enjoy your thumb down and check your facts twice before uploading more material about Jewish history.
P.S: this revolt was *hardly* the final Roman-Jewish war. The final one was either the rebellion against the Byzantines in the early 7th century, or the revolt against Gaius that broke out in AD 351.
I just begin to listen, I have 3/4 more of this lecture to go but so far it's very good.
Many believe that the bible is ancient text and the story that it's been narrated it's belief to be accurate when in fact it's a literary creation as a base to hold together a nation and to create an identity after the return from captivity which interestingly the Jewish intellectuals flourish in Alexandria and the Septuagint was created.
I think this is what this professor is suggesting so far and I'm totally agree with that.
I will continue watching this to the end.
I've read that the Septuagint was compiled before the scriptures of Rabbinical Judaism were, and may have even influenced how they were copied... what do you make of that?
Simon of Cyrene in the Gospel of Mark was supposed to be understood (by the audience watching the play that was later altered and expanded into the religious text we have today) as Simon bar Kokhba. In this play it was Simon on the cross ... not Jesus. The crucifixion happened three hours after dusk.The Jews are depicted next morning as believing it was Jesus on the cross.The play was written in the 130s ad... with the story line set a 100 years earlier. It's really bizarre that Christianity evolved from a sophisticated Roman propaganda play. The clue to this is the fact that we are told that Simon of Cyrene had a son called Rufus. Bar Kokhba also had a son called Rufus.
That's a very good opinion! Thanks for that
Love these lectures, but @ 1:11:15 you imply that the “5 good emperors” intentionally adopted their successors as a strategy to get better rulers (you’ve made similar comments in other videos). And that irks me every time.😅 all the 5 good emperors died childless so were forced to adopt their successors. It’s a small detail but still. Thanks for all the history and philosophical lectures!
They didn’t have to adopt anybody. They could as well die childless without adopting a successor. Just let the system pick their successor after they die (senate, army, pretorian guard)
They didn’t have to adopt anybody. They could as well die childless without adopting a successor. Just let the system pick their successor after they die (senate, army, pretorian guard)
@@senefelder true. And as mentioned in the video, that happened-Trajan never adopted Hadrian. He was declared the heir of Trajan after Trajan’s death. To my point, the string of “good” emperors had a lot to do with not just giving it to the kids of emperors but it wasn’t an intentional strategy on the part of the emperors.
@@goodknightcarolina until that point only one emperor was succeeded by his biological son (Vespasian-Titus). When a Roman emperor didn’t have a direct male descendant to proclaim as his heir, he usually chose a close male relative, like Augustus, Tiberius or Claudius did. But Nerva, Hadrian, Antoninus (to some extent) didn’t put family relationship above the safety of the State. That makes the Nerva-Antonine “dynasty” quite unique.
@@senefelder Actually, the system of adoption as a succession mechanism was first implemented by Augustus. He wanted to groom an heir for the throne, and so he chose the person he thought most fitting for the job. While, of course, the emperors chose among members of their own family, they did not follow the rule of primogeniture. Augustus had a few heirs across his lifetime, eventually settling for Tiberius, his adopted son.
Samaritans are Israelites?
Yes, from the northern kingdom of israel.
@@MBEG89 i believe that was disputed even in ancient times. Has conclusive evidence emerged since then?
89 comments --- May be i was wrong because did not know about that Bar Kohkba third rebellion against the roman empire, which ended as the 1st and 2nd revolts ... just that of about 70 "A.D." when "judes" were wiped out to all four points of the roman empire ... and out of it ... and those lands pacefully occupied by tribes of arab ancestry ... arabs being, if the bible is right, descendents of Abraham of Ur, via its woman the aegyptian Agar and her son "ISMAEL". -- One disturbing fact is that many people only knows and swear it is true what de zionist ruled Hollywood has made ...
The hasmoneans weren't descended from Aaron?
His war. Heroic, more the Story about Spartakos. Wich I dout if it was a real one. Anlike Shimano Ben Cosba. That's was his real name by his on hand writing which Ben found in archeology. And the title Masi Yirael. The president of Israel. He got 4 years of free independence state Israel. Enter big victory against the Roman empire. The very justified reasons. He lost. But raind hearow. The Roman no longer against. The state of Israel 🇮🇱 long live. He won if we give his carter the respect he deserves ✡️✨️🕎✨️✡️✨️👑🇮🇱🇮🇱❤️💚💗💜❤️
Mostly consensus historical information. Yet few are not. One of which is concerning new religions presenting themselves as a continuation of old religions to give themselves more credibility. Here vetting with reverse logic can be used in particular as for using the Kaaba as an example. Why so? First the only original obvious articles left of the original Kaaba are fragments of the famous or infamous black stone. The reverse vetting logic to be used both it and it’s reverse are impossible to empirically prove is to pose proving that it was a polytheistic shrine first. I humbly propose that that scoffing proposition is worthless.
I knew of the 1st Roman-Jewish War, but didn't know there were 2 more. I did read about Jerusalem was totally razed and they did built another city in its' place. Didn't know the Romans gave the city a Roman name. Obviously, Jerusalem name of the city is with us today.
The name 'Jerusalem' means "city of peace" . . . the most ironically inappropriately named city in human history, given how it seems to be the center of religious strife where the three major Abrahamic faith traditions constantly quarrel with one another.
@@patricktilton5377Christians don't quarell over Jerusalem. It belongs to Jews. Its Muslims predominantly Palestinian who claim it's all theirs lol
@@danieljakes5949 Let me put it this way: many Christians believe that Jesus Christ will return to Earth in a Second Advent, descending onto the Mount of Olives to jump-start the Millennium, ruling from the city of Jerusalem as King of Kings and Lord of Lords. The evangelical Christians who support Israel do so because they need the Jews to eventually rebuild the Temple on the site currently controlled by Muslims, so that the Antichrist can set himself up in the Holy of Holies as 'God', ushering in the End-Times period of Tribulation, etc. When Jesus returns -- to kick the Antichrist's ass -- those Jews who accept Jesus as the Messiah will be 'saved' . . . but those who don't will be annihilated -- Jesus' revenge against the descendants of the 'Christ-killers' and all that. This crazy-ass evangelical Christian theology and eschatology may not seem like a quarrel over Jerusalem, but that site will play a part in the unfolding of such prophecy-based expectations, if the Bible-Belt zanies are right -- which I have no doubt they're NOT. 🤪
These lectures are always interesting, but he has a bad habit of presenting contested theories as established fact. Eg. We have no way of knowing whether there has an ancient mobile shrine and tent or not. He should say that later people *may* have invented the idea, but we don’t actually know.
no way.
U must have read theconcirduum 1:17:07 from the 1800’s, i have 1
The word is swathes. Swathes. Not swashes. Otherwise cool lecture. 0:40
First! And I was there, Simon was a good leader
Simon the Invisible?
Have you read his letters?
@@hippopotamus6765 not only have I read them but I was there when he dictated them
🧌⚡️@@JoseZamorano-c8h ⚡️🧌
I missed it. I was born in the highlands of Scotland in 1692.
Elucid clear & concise
ongoing
I would like to thank Jon for another outstanding and detailed lecture and also for his comments in support of Ukraine, which is nothing less then what I would expect from such a deeply spiritual man grounded in biblical history.
A quote for those black tongued trolls who seem to have found their way into our online place of spiritual contemplation in Centre Place who would sow seeds of doubt:
Psalm 82:3-4
"Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and the oppressed. Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked."
What would David, Mosese or Jesus do in these times? I believe the answers are readily available to us. Amen and thank you Jon! God bless!
Z
Cool story bro. I see from your comment history you actually have a brain. A shame you didn't use it here.
The Bar Kokhba revolt is the fulfillment of Biblical prophecy. The Jews would be REMOVED/EXPELLED from the Promised Land for worshipping other gods. They would be dispersed WORLDWIDE and hated worldwide but survive. The God of the Bible promised to bring them back -- not because they deserved it - but because of the promise made to Abraham. The Jews have returned to the Promised Land and the nation of Israel exists today.
Can you do a lecture about the Queen Zonbia revolt since it happened at the same century.
Thanks for support from Ukraine!❤
I think you're missing the point if you're wound up over an almost off-hand comment on Ukraine. Personally I think Ukraine should come to the table, but that's not why I'm here
So you agree larger countries should invade smaller countries in an attempt to kill their populations , kidnap, torture and occupy land?
Would you allow that for your home country?
Calm down. No one is wound up.
And what is the point? Accuracy?
Both of you need to calm down and go away. My whole point was not to argue about Ukraine yet here you geniuses are, doing just that
@@kilpatrickkirksimmons5016 calm down. You seem confused.
🙏
Very interesting, Tank you.
👍👍👍👍👍
1:33:00 ?????? Jewish Christians and Pauline Christians are the same thing, bro what are you talking about?
Paul was basically the main early Apostle who uniquely espoused the idea that one did NOT need to follow the rules of Judaism in order to become Christian. He's the reason that Christianity was able to be spread among the Gentiles so easily, and he's basically the only early apostle who was not a Jewish Christian, despite his background as a Pharisee.
Using BCE and CE is a clear sign of historical dishonesty.
Vespasian later declared himself a god at the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria, claiming that he healed a blind man by spitting on mud and placing it into his eye, this borrowed later from John in his gospel about Jesus
Yeah Jesus was made up
Pro-Nazi? Pro US imperialism? Wow.
Sorry but this is BOOring
This is NOT BORING ❤
So to legitimize a religion you have to lie about the past. I get it now no god is worthy to be so great that we must lie in there name.
Not validating the existence of one or many gods but I feel your argument better demonstrates the distrustful nature of man rather than an intent to con. Minus ol jailbait Joe he's both a founder and convicted con man.
Why does someone who must have some knowledge, like the speaker himself, and millions of others not use Hebrew names but instead use Greek, Latin or Anglicised names of the Original Christianity founder and apostles, leaders. Jesus is not correct, Mary is not correct , Peter is not correct. If the souls of these people are actually still existing in a place called Heaven, with God (what is original name of this entity?) definitely these souls of the "Holy" people will not know to whom the Christians are praying to, since they are all using alien names for Yesuha, Miriam, Simon, etc. At least show basic respect by referring them by their original names, not transliterated, translated, modified names.
This hollow assertion that the historicity of biblical texts only emerged in the peri-exhilic era circa 720 BC/BCE - 585 Bc/BCE, while Penteteuchal narratives , Conquest narratives, and the Period of the Judges are (by his unsubstantiated decree) ethnic origin mythologies is a factually impotent presumption. It ignores internal textual evidence , external historical evidence (eg. the 'Habiru)', and archaeological evidence (eg. Jericho). He pontificates without confirmatory argumentation. This is a substandard, if not fraudulent methodology in both historical and textual analysis. This guy should get an honest job.
I mean, he's just reporting on the mainstream historical consensus. You may disagree with that consensus, but don't shoot the messenger.
It doesn’t ignore all these “evidences“ and claims. It engages with them with modern methodology. It is a very rigorous process. To me the historical consensus is very convincing.
To increase subscribers you gotta say only about the subject.
Its disappointing when lecturers I like reveal that they disagree with me politically, especially about matters of great importance like war and peace. While I'll save you a sermon on the matter seeing as it's totally ancillary, nevertheless it makes me second guess you're judgment that you can look past what happens in Lvov.
Could you explain more? I assume this is about the war in Ukraine. I am an American living in Odesa and volunteering full time in humanitarian work, and I come from a similar Mormon background as John, perhaps I can help shed some light on his perspective? I think you would find that he and the team at Centre Place are very supportive, if not always sure of how to help!
@@abrahamcollier Ukraine should negotiate for peace immediately
@@abrahamcollier My understanding is that the Ukraine is run by a Nazi junta that masks itself to the world by pretending its Jewish actor of a president is actually in control. I have watched videos where crowds of people in Lvov did the Roman Salute while chanting the fascist war cry "Slava Ukraini," and then I watched them march east and film themselves commiting horrendous atrocities against the local Russian population in the east of Ukraine ever since 2014. I have seen hundreds of blue and yellow flags with the swastika emblazoned in the middle. I have even heard Ukrainian soldiers come to America and speak about the need to defend the "white race".
Its my conviction that Russia is fulfilling the unfinished legacy of WWII that was betrayed by the western allies, and that march of the Russian army to liberate Ukraine from western backed Nazis is the march of truth, righteousness, and justice.
Who could Ukraine negotiate with?
He said nothing wrong
Thank You Very Much for Another Wonderful Lecture.
All this goes to SHOW 1 Thing - "Love the Lord Thy God With ALL Thine Heart Soul Mind & Might." Is the only Thing Worth living For ...
How about "Love thy neighbor"? Seems more important.