Can you please make a video of Allied Air Flight 111 accident in Ghana, west Africa. Would love to hear that story. Love your content and wouldn’t miss it for anything
Came to the comments to say the same thing. I'd love if this team tried to create a scenario like that in full. I bet if they went a bit off script, it would be an amazing teaching tool. (Not that these videos aren't already)
@@ELYESSSwhy do the pilots never on seem to get cries of shame in the comments? I've been genuinely shocked at just how many accidents are caused by pilot incompetence. Maybe that's just because I used to hold them in such high regard, and thought they all had a little bit of Chuck Yeager in them, and maybe that was naive of me.....but still.
@@Wintermute909 you haven't been looking at the comments, because almost every single video has people saying how dumb the pilots are when they are arrogant, stupid, etcetera. The only time it doesn't happen is when it's a genuine accident, or if people can understand why someone would make a stupid mistake.
Honestly from a Company like Wizz Air i would expect they would sweep it under the rug, especially knowing the Mentality of this part of Europe (I am from that part of Europe aswell).
Ah time to get the mentour pilot bingo out: Well.... No. Terrain Terrain, Pull Up! Noooot exactly... Why did this captain do this? We will never know. Now, as a pilot myself... Remember that bit of information we talked about earlier?...Yeah.. If the pilots just looked down at the instruments for one second... Aviate, Navigate then Communicate! Before we get to the end I want to take this opportunity to...
Another excellent video in which disaster was avoided but it was looking bad. Put this change in your penny jar and keep these outstanding videos coming! Every time I see one of these aviation videos it makes me realize just how on top the pilots have to be at all times and ready to handle anything! Thanks again to your crew and keep up the high production values!
Hey Petter, my father is a retired pilot and i always translate your videos for him, part by part. He loves them! It would be awesome to have a spanish audio track on them, there’s a whole spanish speaking audience that would love the videos. Keep up the good work!
@@MentourPilotI think TH-cam now allows to add multiple audio streams in different languages on the same video. Seen it recently on some other channels!
@@vamsi3 Maybe so, but it wouldn't monetize the same way; and these video's take an unbelievable amount of effort. People scathe over that, every animation is created by them. I can't imagine the profit lines/going negative are so thin. He needs another revenue stream, and Mr. Beast did it; it's how he exploded. This is the best aviation content on youtube bar none.
One minor correction, as a software engineer/pilot who has worked in aerospace: WGS84 is not a database. It's the system which maps lat/lng/altitude into points into 3D space. In other words, it's a map projection. Other map projections are things like NAD83 (which focuses on North America) and GCJ02 which is basically the same as WGS84 but randomly warped in China for the sake of "national security." Points on one datum will differ slightly from points on another, which is why if you look at Google Maps on the Hong Kong/Shenzen border you'll see crazy stuff like buildings in the ocean. The database that makes EGPWS work is a terrain database. This is something like SRTM (the Shuttle Radar Topography MIssion) which actually tells you the shape of the ground.
I also reacted to that 🤓 But I would rather say that WGS84 is a datum, not a projection. Another datum that we use a lot in Norway (as an example) is ED50. UTM zones are a projection, for example. So you can for instance have UTM32 with datum WGS84, or UTM32 with datum ED50. The datum defines the shape of an ellipsoid in a way (because the earth is not a perfect sphere) and WGS84 is a universal datum internationally adopted as a standard. For some areas on earth, you might want to use a datum which fits better, and you can always use a transformation to get back your coordinates unprojected, in WGS84 (or lat / long)… Hehe I stop here… 🤓
That is so cool so if I had a satellite in space and wanted to fire a laser at an exact point on the earth (or above the earth) I'd convert that lat/long/alt into x,y,z using the WGS84 transformation then figure out the dx,dy,dz from my satellite to aim the laser? o.o
I have been binging Mentours videos over the past weeks and I must say the production quality is on an insane level that is unmatched anywhere. Kudos to the whole team involved!
As an A320 TCE and Instructor for Airbus in MIA, this excellent presentation gave me food for thought on several levels. In the US, as you may know, every Type Rating and annual PC is accompanied by an FAA Oral. One of my favorite Oral questions is: Describe how you get to Alpha Floor, when does Toga Lock occur and how do you get out of it. There have been many incidents of pilots flying with AT OFF for practice, configuring the aircraft for approach, getting distracted, getting the Low Energy Warning, not reacting properly, going into Alpha Floor and then Toga Lock and completely forgetting that moving the TLs does absolutely nothing! . You have to disconnect the AT. The result are large Flap Overspeeds. I will use this presentation as a learning tool so thank you very much!
This was quite an emotional one for me, at the moment that it looked like they were gone, and then the Alpha Floor protection came it and literally saved them. We hear a lot about the Airbus systems in some of the not so positive stories so it was good to hear it shown in such a positive light in this one.
the systems are great tbh, apart from i believe one or two cases (AF440 wasnt one). its just pilots being arrogant in general. the truth is more automation means less accidents and thats it.
Man it would've been emotional for me if I didn't already know about the airbus's protection systems, I was thinking 'well sure they're close to a stall but the plane won't let them do it'.
@bzipoli it's also that it's a lot easier to update/upgrade all systems at once when an improvement is found. They might not be perfect, but if we keep finding ways to make them better, it's a lot easier to deploy than retraining humans.
Thank you for new video Mentour! Fun fact, yesterday was 38th birthday of Niš airport. It was opened on 12/10/1986 and it is second biggest airport in Serbia.
I got jumpscared from the "PULL UP", and it feels really startling when you don't expect it, I can only imagine how much pressure you must be under if that happens in a live cockpit
Thanks for this story! Im originally from Niš, Serbia and I flew numerous times with WizzAir above those mountains. I’m sure that they lernt the lesson! Cheers, Petar
@@didier7868 Unprofessional from the airline to organize further trainings and notify all their pilots about the awareness of such situation, based on the outcome of an incident that was caused by the crew of one specific flight? If only every company would be this unprofessional...
@@imrebese5502 what I meant is the following BEFORE the incident : the two pilots were off duty that day ... they were asked to fly at the last minute !They were CLEARLY not prepared to this particular landing... in that sense : not professional way of operating. That is my interpretation of the video. Maybe they were tired... They had little or no experience with the airport. Wizzair took risk. Wizzair was victim of their success. If you believe that the preparation of the flight and the flight itself was professional that is your right.
@didier7868 they could have said no anytime. Probably they were also compensated big time for working on off days. I don't remember that it was mentioned anytime in the video that this was anyhow illegal, so the pilots must have had enough off time since their latest flight. Yes, it's not the nicest thing to do, but I hardly believe that it's an uncommon thing among airlines, and I also think that it must have been a deal from both parties, as it is regulated by the law.
@@imrebese5502 they were on "stand by" day not off duty indeed. But it is said in the video that the captain said he was tired ... and the landing was tricky ...and so for the captain normally ....the sum of these details in the video gave me a feeling of non professionalism and pressure put on the pilot ...
Peter, as a retired engineer from a major aircraft manufacturer here in the United States and was once a private pilot, many years ago, I find your videos to be exceptionally prepared and detailed. I have some time as copilot in the C-17 simulator back in 1999 to 2005, when I worked in flight test for Mcdonald Douglas, which was purchased by Boeing. That experience gave me a profound understanding of CRM. I've been an aviation enthusiast since 1965. Thanks to your commitment to airline safety and learning, believe it or not, it's made the world of airline travel safer. The current population worldwide of airline pilots would be wise to watch and learn from your vast experience and expertise. Kudos to you and your team. Nuff said!!!
Regarding Nis airport, 5 -10 years ago, during heavy snow, a Wizz plane tried to land at least 5-6 times. After the last attempt, he left for Budapest. I know because I was following on the flight radar and the runway 29 landing corridor is above my head. A wonderful video that explained to me how complicated Niš airport is!
@@stefansekulic7903Distance is obviously an important factor in divert decisions, but they also depend on the weather & other operational factors such as the presence of maintenance facilities etc
Yup. No need to Google or wiki. I’m so sick and tired of clickbait “1000 feet from disaster”, “passengers shocked by flight”, where it’s just garbage, or a tease for other unrelated video.
Also, as some other people said it, the situation is the same for me: I never heard of this incident despite being a Hungarian, reading Hungarian aviation websites, being part of aviation groups, and knowing many Wizz Air pilots and cabin crew. Very great find Peter, as always, a fantastic video, and now especially special, because it was about an incident which I think never ever anybody covered before!
UK Railways suffer a similar issue. Train moves without passengers are known as "ECS" or "Empty Coaching Stock". They have an unusually high number of incidents, frequently down to the more relaxed approach of the staff as there are no passengers..
I am a nervous flyer and 2 weeks ago was my first flight - from Skopje to Ljubljana with Wizzair (what a coincidence) after I started watching your channel. I wanted to say thank you because I was more relaxed than previously because of all the videos I watched from which I understood how airplanes fly and how accidents can only happen as a combination or factors and bad luck. I am no longer afraid of landing because I know how ILS approach works…too bad I still have the anxious feeling when we are climbing during takeoff. I am afraid that both engines will fail and stall will happen 😅😅 thats just my pre-flight anxiety…well at least it lasts for 1-2 mins and I can enjoy the rest of the flight
This is the earliest I’ve been to a Mentour Pilot video - keep up the good work man! I’ve watched so many videos of yours that I can’t find ones I haven’t seen!
This story is actually both frightening and reassuring because I also stay close to an airport surrounded by mountains (quite similar landscape to that in Serbia) from which Wizz Air operates. This story actually brought more information about how such landings are done and what systems are helping. Thanks a lot !
Wizzair have been operating flights for 20 years and they had only one minor incident since then - an emergency landing because of the malfunction of the landing gear. So you don't have to worry, they're a perfectly safe airline.
Thank you so much for putting a time stamp in your comment. I do really badly with jump scares and I could see that there was going to be one from the comments, but none of them said when. I was about to just have to miss this video 🤣 thanks again!
9:05 it is interesting how the egpws is both the one thing pilots never wanna hear but also the thing they never wanna not hear. And passengers especially don't ever wanna hear it during a pa or something.
This sharing of responsibility in the cockpit is burnt into my mind since an approach in a 172 into Page airport. I was on the Right side responsible for Radio coms and navigation, nothing else . On final approach we came in way to high being not familiar with the airport, even though it has a long long runway. But because we where usually trained on landing on short grass strips, I called out go around and in panic then all off a sudden put the flaps to 0 without announcing it. My friend flying was completely startled, the stall warning came on and we sank singnificantly. Fortunately we recovered and landed safely but ever since I don’t blame the pilots in your examples. All of a sudden everything becomes to speed up and happen super quickly… even in a Cessna 172..
I have to say, the graphics you use in your videos are always so detailed and amazing. They really help me understand the concepts you are explaining so clearly and beautifully. It makes it such a pleasure to watch!
Captain Petter, Thank you for yet another absolutely fascinating air incident investigation video. I especially enjoy your European episodes like this one. 5*
I flew with Wizzair last year. Eindhoven-Skopje. On embarking in Eindhoven after already 1,5 hours of delay, we used the airstairs. Helped by my knowledge of watching Petters and others aviationvideos, I looked at the landing gear. I noticed that one tyre had significantly less profile than the others. When we were seated, almost half an hour later we were told by the flightdeck we couldn't make a direct flight. We had to go to Budapest first to change a tyre. HEY! I saw it correctly! So, first flying to Budapest. We were on the ground for 30 minutes, and the rest of the flight to Skopje took an hour. By then, the delay had been 3 hours. Supposed to arrive in Skopje around 21.00, we now arrived around 00.30. Crew was pissed, they still had a roundtrip to Malta on their schedule. This flight was performed with an Airbus 320ceo. One week later, I saw to my surprise Wizzair upgraded the route with an Airbus321neo. This flight was completely uneventful, on time, but I distinctly remember the landing (perfect) but the slowing down was immense, I was almost thrown out of my seat.
@@MentourPilot Fun fact, one month after the incident in the video happened, there was a funny situation, Czech tourists wanted to spend holiday in Nice, France, but their tourist organizer bought them tickets to Nis,Serbia obviously making a mistake because the similarity. They were a little confused when the city looked a little different from the photos they saw in tourist pamflets :)
Having this level of step-by-step detail about real events within a cockpit is most informative. I've never liked seeing just "pilot error" in media reports. That's just lazy journalism and doesn't reveal anything of what actually went on. Thanks, Petter! 🙂
I know there's a lot wrong with the film Sully but i did like the fact that they highlighted the startle issue, even if they did it by basically making things up re the NTSB investigation. I also love the way you constantly remind people of the way this industry operates: be honest, taking the training and get back on the horse. Its something i try to enforce in my workplace.
If I ever find myself on an airplane with Petter and I hear him say, "This is going to be very important later", I'll immediately start looking at that flight safety card thing in the seat pocket.
Hi Petter, despite not being a pilot I enjoy your videos for quite a while now! I work in quality assurance and therefore I especially appreciate your approach to mistakes and how to deal with them! I have a similar mindset that a mistake made should be a lesson learned! Not reporting a mistake is often far more worse than making the mistake.
That's a video that people working outside the flight industry should watch and that exactly the reason why, as an IT professional, I watch Mentour's video and try to learn. Thank you Petter!
I am from the city of Nis, and I love airplanes. Thanks for sharing this with us, I was unaware of this situation over my town. Watching those planes every day since my house is on the planes landing path but somehow I never thought something wrong could happen.
Another fabulous video Mentour. This incident shows how quickly things can go very wrong if standard operating procedures aren't adhered to and how one mistake can lead to further complications down the road if not rectified early. I also agree with you concerning Airbus thinking of not having linked/force feedback sidesticks and moving thrust levers. Tactile feedback is a valuable thing to have and to not have it in the Airbus limits you to only visual cues, which alone isn't the best, especially when in a very complex situation, even if it's managed quite well in normal operations everyday. And in regards to the dual input warning, with high workload that is either not heard (due to loss of hearing in stress) or cancelled due to stall warning and ground proximity warning activation. While it's easy to criticize Boeing nowadays for their various problems with their latest aircraft in production, at least they got their flight control system absolutely spot on (excluding how MCAS originally was on the 737 MAX).. Force feedback and synchronized controls and self moving throttle is the way to go. I never understood how unlinked and non force feedback sidesticks and non moving thrust levers was an advance in aviation safety. We have seen enough Airbus accidents and incidents to show that's not the case, especially when it comes to the sidestick. Of course dual control is possible in Boeing too (Egypt Air 961 and Air France 11) but I think the Airbus solution is much worse than having synchronized and backdriven controls. All that said, Bravo to Airbus for the ability for the Autothrust system giving full power automatically whenever the airspeed gets too low in normal law. This is something I wish Boeing implemented in their aircraft. That's a great safety system right there.
@@tomstravels520 Of course not by itself it'd prevent a crash. I am aware of incidents like the Asiana 777 accident where the levers moved and the crew still screwed the pooch. The purpose is to reduce the possibility of things getting worse with feedback in the controls or aid in resolving matters sooner. If it fails, it fails, but that doesn't mean non feedback controls are the best solution. The mentality should not be "it doesn't matter if an aircraft has all the tactile feedback cause pilots can still crash it despite all the control feedback, therefore we don't need such feedback controls in the Airbus". That isn't the best way of seeing things. Anything that can help aid safety and enhance situational awareness like the airport moving map in the cockpit of modern day aircraft like the A350, feedback controls, Vertical Situation Display etc should be welcomed if it means the chances of an accident happening is decreased.
This incident reminded of Aviateca flight 901 from August 9, 1995 (B737 CFIT), another case of loss of situational awareness before EGPWS was available. Look it up, you may want to produce a video about this terrible accident. Thank you for this excellent review we can all learn from, in this case, that the aircraft will do whatever the pilots tell it to do, including flying into the ground.
And it goes way back, too. Charles Babbage (who designed mechanical computers in the mid 19th century) didn't put it quite that simply, but he clearly understood it -- and wondered why others didn't always: "On two occasions I have been asked, 'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?' ... I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question."
@@AaronOfMpls Have you noticed-I'm sure you have-what is happening with “AI” this last year or so? Apparently magical thinking is the default mode of our species.
@@footnuke Trash in Trash out is also used in americanized language. So it could be fitting if in a deeply british environment someone uses garbage in / out.
I was on a southwest airlines jet from SFO to PHX once with just me and my director on the entire flight after a conference. It was crazy. The staff was like if you want anything just let us know, we are fully stocked, so you guys can have whatever you want anytime you want! Lol. They had to get the plane to PHX for another flight and not sure how no one else was booked, if only our company travel portal was bringing up this flight and no other systems did or something. But we had a long week of drinking and partying and the restful flight was amazing
I've flown with wizzair about half a dozen times so I was especially curious about this one. The big thing for me here is the lack of clear communication between the two pilots. For both of them to start inputting commands without saying what they're doing or why is unbelievable in this modern era of aviation. The errors I understand, were all humans, and the automatics on the Airbus performed fantastically. But this was the complete opposite of teamwork in the cabin.
One quick little thing for your animation team - in the A320, if the PF is the FO, it would be AP2 that's engaged. That's on purpose so it's using data from the FO's side. Otherwise, though, great video on another incident I had never even heard of. As an A320 FO, I would hope to never make these sorts of mistakes but it's easy to see how they can spiral without the proper approach prep. I always look over all the potential arrival procedures before we even take off, and then again while at cruise during the flight; I feel like the real root cause here is that the pilots were seemingly not even aware of the existence of the procedure they were finally assigned. There's really no excuse for being surprised by something like that even at an unfamiliar airport.
Just found your videos, Captain. I binge watched them while recovering from illness. I work in safety & do regular root cause analysis, just like my dad did in his decades-long career in the nuclear industry. You deliver consistent quality content!
I flew the A320FAM 15 years and is a fantastic aircraft. Sidestick-handling is brilliant and that the thrustlevers are not moving is no problem. Watch your FMA at all time!
@@Kenionatus Airbus don't deem tactile feedback necessary, so they didn't include such in their aircraft starting from the A320. It prevents them from having to put in backdriven throttle motors but takes away a tactile cue.
I too spent a good number of years as an A320 Captain and I agree with you that the non-moving throttles are not a problem, you quickly get used to the idea that the "donuts" on the N1 gauges give you that information. It would seem that "dyed-in-the-wool" Boeing pilots have problems with the idea. Once you accept that the throttles are computer input devices it is easy to accept. One great advantage is the complete absence of throttle stagger, if you put the throttles to a known position (there is a scale on the quadrant) the engines will always go to that power setting on any aeroplane. As a tip to those that haven't realised this if you put them to the "10" on the scale that is pretty much the right power to fly level at the correct speed for a given usual configuration (a bit more on the A321, a bit less on the A319), or fly the approach when fully configured. "5" gives you a spooled up engine ready to set any power you want quickly. Just saying!
I commend your research team for a comprehensive research that they're always doing but I'm most impressed by your ability to explain and narrate technical aspects of an airplane that you've got zero experience on especially the Airbus since you're a 737 guy through and through. It can't be an easy task talking about an aircraft you're not rated on and knowing very well that there's thousands of highly experienced pilots on type who follows your page. A job well done in that regard!
Thank you for your unselfishness and sacrifice by stepping back from your love of actually piloting to focus on this channel - your and your crew's stuff is top notch, and the flying public thanks you for your channel. Don't second guess your decision!
The startle effect is very real (32:50). It can lead to either no reaction at all, or an inappropriate reaction. Let me give you a personal example: many years ago a friend was killed when she swerved to avoid a dog, going over an embankment and into the lake. She was trapped and drowned. I thought about this for a long, long time. If that were me, what would I do? Swerve to the right and hit a power pole, or pedestrian, or fly off an embankment? Swerve to the left and hit an oncoming tractor-trailer? I made up my mind right then that I would never attempt to avoid a collision. I would hit the brakes hard, continue steering straight ahead and hope for the best. I have perfected this response, and in the last thirty years or so successfully stopped six or eight times when a dog, deer or child suddenly appeared in front of me. I did hit one deer, but by the time I hit it (head on, of course) I had almost come to a stop. The deer was uninjured. My wife thinks I have nerves of steel, but no. I simply won't allow an unthinking reaction to a sudden, startling action.
I love episodes that include the airbus protection systems (especially if they actually work as intended). It’s incredible to me how many scenarios and threats the airbus can get you out of on its own. I guess it‘s a bit like flying a computer, but at least a computer knows no startle effect.
Great work, as always. I am a retired Air Traffic Control Specialist. I worked both Tower & Arrival/Departure. Keep doing as you are. I wanted to share 1 crucial bit with you to share with others, since you train others. One of what I considered the best "training" advice I was ever given is something I hope you share with others. That advice was, never keep secrets. If I intend to do anything out of the ordinary, at the least, I will have an immediate reply in the fore front of my mind. Having had such invaluable experiences, i.e. Familiarization (Jump Seat) flights to see our job from Your perspective. I never kept a secret after that. Not being aware of all required on part of pilots in the event of a "go around" order... if spacing ever looked like it would be tight... it took me 2 seconds to tell the pilots, "Prepare" for a go around. I think it would be far less stressful for a possible "go-around" instruction, though you are always prepared for, what harm does it do to let you guys know whats on my mind as youre about to land. Sure, you will obviously get a "jerk" air traffic Controller that may not appreciate pilots "not" keeping secrets, 95% of us would MUCH rather know your concerns before they become ours! Great Job!
"Wizz Air" sounds like the airline name a group of 8 year old boys would come up with if they were playing pilot in the back yard, and their mum has just told them not to use swear words.
PLEASE do more of the Airbus near-crash incident videos. They’re kinda hard to find because they don’t get any press and the general public doesn’t know/care, but most of them are rather astonishing. There’s one about a plane that basically did exactly what Asiana @ SFO did on approach, I believe alpha floor and speed prot kicked in, they were so far behind the plane they didn’t even react to the warnings and got the plane within like 4kts of a stall (IIRC) before it finally just took over everything and flew them out of it. The interesting thing about that case is that the protections are actually predictive, they know that even if you aren’t stalling YET, if you wait any longer the engine thrust delay won’t allow adequate power to avoid the future stall, and adjusts the override time accordingly. People always compare the number of Boeing crashes to the number of Airbus crashes, but never mention the number of AVOIDED disasters (which was basically a huge design philosophy of the A320 family and later models in the first place.) Again, no one really cares about an “almost” crash, so…
I was a passenger on a US flight from Kansas City MO to Pittsburgh PA in the 1980's. The plane suddenly increased power and I felt a climb almost like a take off. It was weird and got weirder when the Pilot apologized over the PA. He said there was another airplane where it wasn't supposed to be. I still feel anxiety and immense gratitude over that. Big Ups for that stuff.
Yeah I've noticed that nowadays any airline incident has one of two headlines: "Boeing airplane involved in...." OR "(airline carrier name) involved in....." I'm not trying to defend Boeing but the bias is getting pretty obvious. Even if it's just an attempt to get more clicks.
I like how Petter talks to us like he is teaching us and that he knows that we are smart enough to understand whatever he is telling us.. he is one of the most patient teachers I have seen and his videos’ educational value is unmatched..
Peter, will you ever cover the Germanwings catastrophe? This accident gave me nightmares for months. It was so bad that I developed a fear of flying, even though I was a frequent flier before. It got to the point where I needed help from a psychologist. The therapy helped me get back on a plane, but some fear always remained-until I found your channel! Now, I'm flying and enjoying it like I did before. I think I’m finally ready to hear your take on that catastrophe. Thanks!
That particular accident is very hard to cover for me. I prefer to cover accidents and incidents where there is a learning point.. but that story is just dark. It was a mass-suicide/murder with nothing positive to draw from.
@@MentourPilot I wouldn't say that. The incident resulted in a slew of new rules implemented by airlines, although a lot of those have been rolled back by some now (including germanwings), presumably because they cost more. It's not like we didn't learn anything from it in terms of operations, we are simply ignoring the lessons (I'll leave it up to debate whether ignoring them is justified).
I'm not a pilot, but I am a semi-frequent flyer, and I really enjoy these videos. I feel like I learn a lot more about how the aviation business, as well as the planes themselves, works. Thank you for such great content!
Garbage in, garbage out? "On two occasions I have been asked, ‘Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?’ I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question." - Charles Babbage
I was cabin crew and yeah we had our first few flights as new crew we was given the opportunity to sit with the pilots for two full flights. It was amazing especially as I loved flying anyway. Learned a lot and the respect both roles had for one another.
Increasingly in busy airspace, it’s necessary to brief ‘chops and changes’ and how flexibility will be managed ie what is a GATE or a BOTTOM LINE for NOT accepting a change, and discussing how it will be managed if it does happen. Only the other week I was flying into a large London airport on a pretty ‘ordinary’ day, and with a little to talk about I briefed a runway switch, which hardly ever happens. On this occasion the aircraft in front reported a PAN and we were offered a switch to the other runway. Bizarre coincidence, but both pilots had a clear idea of what was to be done and the approach was completed successfully. It is obviously not possible (or practical) to brief every eventuality but to have a clear idea about the circumstances we can exercise flexibility, the gates beyond which we will not and HOW we will react covers a lot of situations. This is particularly important in the US, where controllers often keep you guessing in very busy airspace. Great content, thought provoking. ‘Startle’ remains one of the biggest threats to aircrew.
You sir are an inspiration! After I started watching your videos my love for aviation increased tenfolds and I am trying to learn more each day. Thank you🎉
I love flying Wizz Air. For me, they have always been awesome and the only issues I have ever had flying with them have been weather related and I can’t blame them for that!
That pull up out of nowhere made me jump to about 500 feet! Fantastic and also smiled when hearing about the enhanced GPWS and hard systems. Previous accidents and lessons ensuring the same thing didn’t happen again.
@@MentourPilot When the airport opened for the service a while ago, there were cases of people flying in Nis with Ryan Air or something, expecting to have bought the tickets to Nice. So it happens :)
@@stevanmarinkovic5756Like people going to Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada instead of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia -- or vice versa? (Though the difference in distance isn't _quite_ as big. 🙂)
@@MentourPilotWe had a group of tourists from Bratislava come to Niš thinking they were coming to France. One of them needed a visa for Serbia because she was from Korea i think and she had to stay at the airport for 3 days until she was able to return. Her friends visited Niš.
Hey Petter, great video as always. Have been watching your videos for years. I just took my first flight ever because I was always really scared. But your videos explaining everything made me feel at ease. I could imagine what was going on during take off and landing. So thank you for all your work.
As a side note, I agree that it would be good human factors design engineering if Airbus made it so that the physical controls in the cockpit attempted to match what the aircraft was actually doing. It doesnt have to be anything as intense as true force feedback, but some sort of pressure moving the controls in that direction would be pretty immediately noticeable to pilots used to the Airbus' typically smooth controls. Like if they went to decrease the throttle but the throttle had just a few newtons of resistance. Or if the aircraft is inputting control surface deflections the control stick/pedals get a slight pressure in the appropriate direction. For safety you could limit the rate at which the control input can move (so a rapid change in input by the plane doesnt smack a pilot in the hand or whatever). But just some sort of tactile feedback would be excellent.
Another beautiful example of a plane saving itself from a crash, despite its pilots' best efforts to the contrary... Very enlightening video! Keep up the good work.
In August '23 in the early morning I was sitting at the Niš airport, waiting for my Wizz flight to arrive. It was diverted to Belgrade due to heavy fog. Now I got some interesting context as to why it might've happened. Thanks for the video! 👍
I love how the airline handled this! Indicates to me there must be a good company culture. That “ok you messed up but here’s how everyone can learn from this, you’re fine” attitude is fantastic for any company to follow. It’ll encourage more honesty from employees since they’re not fearing disciplinary action, and just have an overall more positive work environment. Love to see it!
Airbus. When the plane ends up flying you being the savioir of the day once again. We already had one of those repositioning flights that didn‘t go so well
@@NicolaW72 Airbus should get some sort of reward for that. Making the skies surely is a great reward but this incident (if it was not for Airbus‘s protections, that would easily have become an accident) proves that these days even if the pilots mess up big times they still are going to get to their destination in one piece. Unless the mess up was not tooo big
@@NicolaW72 Sully's landing in the Hudson invoked Alpha Floor in the last seconds too. Generally it's said that in that case it limited him from touching down even gentler, but that feels like nitpicking at best and a reach at most. (Perhaps it kept him from a rougher touchdown if he flared a touch too much? Hard to ever know.)
@@JoshWalker1 The Hudson-Landing shows that a brilliant pilot is still the best safety protection of an Aircraft, equally how well the Aircraft is prepared technically. But with - not so brilliant - pilots the technical preparation of the aircraft can make the difference between a safe outcome for everyone and a disaster.
I need to watch this video again - it really is startling how things can spiral out of control so quickly even in a well organised situation. Have to say your videos are superbly produced - the visuals certainly brought home how some of the confusion came about. I follow Ryan Farran (Missionary Bushpilot) who flies single handed in Papua New Guinea with very little technical back up. The striking thing is he briefs himself on every aspect of every flight he makes throughout the flight - he has to, as there is nobody else to help him out and he is very aware that in that terrain there is no room for complaceny. It is surprising that at times some commercial airline pilots, even experienced ones fail to do this. Perhaps the systems they operate under induce carelessness?
hey Petter, i'm so glad you're showing the faces of your team at the end of the video! it's easy to forget that there are so many amazing people behind large productions like this, so imo more creators should show their team's faces in their videos. to the rest of the Mentour Pilot team: thank you for the effort you put in behind the scenes -- it shows! 💜
yep, that was so clever editing etc - even though our feet are safely on the ground, we are safe at home, and the subject of startle was already well underway: it created a text book startle somehow - I totally had a "wtf-happened-brain-freeze moment"
The lack of side stick feedback to the other pilot's control, like you suggest, is not the issue. This would promote dual inputs as you typically see in Boeing aircraft rather than strict handover takeover, which arguably does not enhance safety. What this event showcases is the poor design and design tradeoffs used in the Airbus concept: having neutral static stability in configured flight, i.e. unconventional neutral stick forces and displacement while slowing and elimination of trim, combined with lack of back fed thrust levers. Alpha floor exists to address this deficiency and resultant high rates of deceleration while approaching alpha max due to the inevitable poor speed awareness this system promotes. As a result, this system design leads to strong mode confusion which you often see, but people rarely admit to. Another great video, keep up the good work. I'm sure I've triggered some Airbus fan guys and gals. I've gained a better appreciation of the design tradeoffs made by each OEM after recently flying Airbus, Boeing and Embraer.
@EinfachLuap Hello. Are you familiar with the case when a Wizz tried to land 5-6 times during heavy snow at Niš airport and at last diverted to Budapest, 5-10 years ago?
@@draganilic4187 I'm not, I've only been there for like 2 years about 3 years ago, only recently left. Somebody may have told me something about that at some point but the company grew from just around 20 planes back then to around 150 now, so it's hard to keep track of something like that...
Petter. I love your blog and am proud to be a member of the flight crew. I originally started viewing Mentor Pilot out of curiosity and interest in flying and have learned a lot . For that I thank you. I have to at this point tell you that I am not comfortable flying in large commercial air liners. I much prefer the smaller private type of craft where I can at least observe the goings on at the controls . I am told by those who love me that I have a tendency to be somewhat "controlling" . I understand that the smaller private planes are actually more dangerous that the larger planes. But to me , especially after watching your blogs , it seems that the main reason for the bulk of air disasters are pilot related errors . I guess that I feel that I would have some say in my fate by flying in the smaller planes and not have any say or even knowledge of it in the commercial flights, something your blog does seem to point out None the less I find your efforts to inform and instruct to be very commendable as well as entertaining . Keep up the good work as it is appreciated . David L. Gibson
the way I would have immediately screamed "YOUR CONTROLS". now, we might not have made it but we sure wouldn't have had that dual input problem. it's very cool the software initiated the required TOGA thrust, even if it took them a moment to realize it was on
Thank you dear Petter, well presented. One reason more AIB instructs the crews to not only read, but also UNDERSTAND the FMA. It tells the whole story, what it is doing and what it WILL do … In this flight sadly the captains fatigue did not help the crew to avert the mishandling and misunderstanding of the PF …
Use the code "pilot" and this link 👉 incogni.com/pilot to get a whopping 60% off the Annual Incogni plan!
How many hours of flight time do you have accumulated during your career?
The term is 'GIGO', garbage in, garbage out. Another popular computer term is 'PICNIC'. Problem in chair, not in computer.
@@kaiperdaens7670 More than 2.
Can you please make a video of Allied Air Flight 111 accident in Ghana, west Africa. Would love to hear that story. Love your content and wouldn’t miss it for anything
@MentourPilot We appreciate the effort of you and your team but please increase your upload, at least once a week
The "PULL UP" jump scare was so effective that I started pulling on my side stick control (glass full of water).
And engaged TO/GA (jumped up from my chair)
I engaged GATO which is like TOGA but with more claws.
@@benoithudson7235 why don't you TOG-tua and pull on that thang
I nearly dropped my landing gear prematurely...
I myself engaged GATO for its quick reflexes
I love the "pull up" jumpscare, it was so well executed and proves the point perfectly. Hats off to whoever came up with this idea.
Bruuuh I shat myself
Came to the comments to say the same thing. I'd love if this team tried to create a scenario like that in full. I bet if they went a bit off script, it would be an amazing teaching tool. (Not that these videos aren't already)
I’m a pilot and was driving home while listening to this. When that jump scare hit I almost slapped my gear shift into park 😅
@@Morziel and pull on the telescoping wheel. lol
What time stamp for this jump scare? Can't find it
Hats off to the engineers who designed the systems that gave these pilots time to rectify this situation
And shame on the engineers that allowed the throttle lever to move without it actually doing anything. It should have been physically locked.
@@ELYESSSwhy do the pilots never on seem to get cries of shame in the comments?
I've been genuinely shocked at just how many accidents are caused by pilot incompetence. Maybe that's just because I used to hold them in such high regard, and thought they all had a little bit of Chuck Yeager in them, and maybe that was naive of me.....but still.
@@Wintermute909may be the fact that Peter is a pilot, he tends to paint them in good light in his videos.
@@Wintermute909you know it's easier to blame rain and clouds than actual people.
@@Wintermute909 you haven't been looking at the comments, because almost every single video has people saying how dumb the pilots are when they are arrogant, stupid, etcetera. The only time it doesn't happen is when it's a genuine accident, or if people can understand why someone would make a stupid mistake.
Good to hear how well and maturity Wizz Air handled the aftermath of the incident instead of sweeping this under the rug. Greetings from Hungary!
Honestly from a Company like Wizz Air i would expect they would sweep it under the rug, especially knowing the Mentality of this part of Europe (I am from that part of Europe aswell).
Hate to break it to you but... it is still the typical Hungarian mess it was born to be.
co pilot should have been sacked or demoted
Ah time to get the mentour pilot bingo out:
Well.... No.
Terrain Terrain, Pull Up!
Noooot exactly...
Why did this captain do this? We will never know.
Now, as a pilot myself...
Remember that bit of information we talked about earlier?...Yeah..
If the pilots just looked down at the instruments for one second...
Aviate, Navigate then Communicate!
Before we get to the end I want to take this opportunity to...
Remember that. This is gonna become very important soon.
And don't forget the famous lip smack then long inhale...
The aircraft was a beauuuutiful...
And that's worth keeping in mind.
They started to fall behind the aircraft
And now things started to happen pretty quickly.
Another excellent video in which disaster was avoided but it was looking bad. Put this change in your penny jar and keep these outstanding videos coming! Every time I see one of these aviation videos it makes me realize just how on top the pilots have to be at all times and ready to handle anything! Thanks again to your crew and keep up the high production values!
Give your money to charity and not a TH-camr who makes hundreds of thousands of dollars a year.
Disgusting
@@LetsAlllThinkTogethergot to much to say my friend
Hey Petter, my father is a retired pilot and i always translate your videos for him, part by part. He loves them! It would be awesome to have a spanish audio track on them, there’s a whole spanish speaking audience that would love the videos. Keep up the good work!
We are looking into creating a Spanish dubbed channel, just for this
@@MentourPilotI think TH-cam now allows to add multiple audio streams in different languages on the same video. Seen it recently on some other channels!
@@vamsi3 Maybe so, but it wouldn't monetize the same way; and these video's take an unbelievable amount of effort. People scathe over that, every animation is created by them. I can't imagine the profit lines/going negative are so thin. He needs another revenue stream, and Mr. Beast did it; it's how he exploded. This is the best aviation content on youtube bar none.
@@MentourPilotw
Bon dias
One minor correction, as a software engineer/pilot who has worked in aerospace: WGS84 is not a database. It's the system which maps lat/lng/altitude into points into 3D space. In other words, it's a map projection. Other map projections are things like NAD83 (which focuses on North America) and GCJ02 which is basically the same as WGS84 but randomly warped in China for the sake of "national security."
Points on one datum will differ slightly from points on another, which is why if you look at Google Maps on the Hong Kong/Shenzen border you'll see crazy stuff like buildings in the ocean.
The database that makes EGPWS work is a terrain database. This is something like SRTM (the Shuttle Radar Topography MIssion) which actually tells you the shape of the ground.
Yeah as a civil engineer I really wondered about that. Thanks for the great explanation!
I also reacted to that 🤓
But I would rather say that WGS84 is a datum, not a projection. Another datum that we use a lot in Norway (as an example) is ED50. UTM zones are a projection, for example. So you can for instance have UTM32 with datum WGS84, or UTM32 with datum ED50. The datum defines the shape of an ellipsoid in a way (because the earth is not a perfect sphere) and WGS84 is a universal datum internationally adopted as a standard. For some areas on earth, you might want to use a datum which fits better, and you can always use a transformation to get back your coordinates unprojected, in WGS84 (or lat / long)… Hehe I stop here… 🤓
Excellent catch
That is so cool so if I had a satellite in space and wanted to fire a laser at an exact point on the earth (or above the earth) I'd convert that lat/long/alt into x,y,z using the WGS84 transformation then figure out the dx,dy,dz from my satellite to aim the laser? o.o
*Goes to Google Maps to see buildings in the ocean* LMAO
I have been binging Mentours videos over the past weeks and I must say the production quality is on an insane level that is unmatched anywhere. Kudos to the whole team involved!
Wow, thank you!
This particular video here..i was stunned by the quality!...breathtaking!..it really brings home the visceral nature of the narrative!
and thanks for introducing them too.
As an A320 TCE and Instructor for Airbus in MIA, this excellent presentation gave me food for thought on several levels. In the US, as you may know, every Type Rating and annual PC is accompanied by an FAA Oral. One of my favorite Oral questions is: Describe how you get to Alpha Floor, when does Toga Lock occur and how do you get out of it. There have been many incidents of pilots flying with AT OFF for practice, configuring the aircraft for approach, getting distracted, getting the Low Energy Warning, not reacting properly, going into Alpha Floor and then Toga Lock and completely forgetting that moving the TLs does absolutely nothing! . You have to disconnect the AT. The result are large Flap Overspeeds. I will use this presentation as a learning tool so thank you very much!
Do any have the reversible alpha floor mod? I would have thought the newest ones by now do
@@tomstravels520 The A350 does but A330 and A320 do not. Don't know the A280 but likely yes. It's not a problem f you know your aircraft.
This was quite an emotional one for me, at the moment that it looked like they were gone, and then the Alpha Floor protection came it and literally saved them. We hear a lot about the Airbus systems in some of the not so positive stories so it was good to hear it shown in such a positive light in this one.
Why was it emotional for you?
the systems are great tbh, apart from i believe one or two cases (AF440 wasnt one). its just pilots being arrogant in general. the truth is more automation means less accidents and thats it.
Man it would've been emotional for me if I didn't already know about the airbus's protection systems, I was thinking 'well sure they're close to a stall but the plane won't let them do it'.
@bzipoli it's also that it's a lot easier to update/upgrade all systems at once when an improvement is found. They might not be perfect, but if we keep finding ways to make them better, it's a lot easier to deploy than retraining humans.
Alpha floor is so good, Boeing uses it in their jets too.
Thank you for new video Mentour!
Fun fact, yesterday was 38th birthday of Niš airport. It was opened on 12/10/1986 and it is second biggest airport in Serbia.
Its amazing how Peter sounds exactly like the aircraft warning systems when using words like " terrain" or " pull up" etc 😃
His name is Petter
@@s-saloon8985 thanks for that
True
He's probably heard them 10 thousand times in Sim. 😁
I got jumpscared from the "PULL UP", and it feels really startling when you don't expect it, I can only imagine how much pressure you must be under if that happens in a live cockpit
Thanks for this story!
Im originally from Niš, Serbia and I flew numerous times with WizzAir above those mountains.
I’m sure that they lernt the lesson!
Cheers,
Petar
Learning lessons this way is unacceptable. Unprofessional.
@@didier7868 Unprofessional from the airline to organize further trainings and notify all their pilots about the awareness of such situation, based on the outcome of an incident that was caused by the crew of one specific flight? If only every company would be this unprofessional...
@@imrebese5502 what I meant is the following BEFORE the incident : the two pilots were off duty that day ... they were asked to fly at the last minute !They were CLEARLY not prepared to this particular landing... in that sense : not professional way of operating. That is my interpretation of the video. Maybe they were tired... They had little or no experience with the airport. Wizzair took risk. Wizzair was victim of their success. If you believe that the preparation of the flight and the flight itself was professional that is your right.
@didier7868 they could have said no anytime. Probably they were also compensated big time for working on off days. I don't remember that it was mentioned anytime in the video that this was anyhow illegal, so the pilots must have had enough off time since their latest flight. Yes, it's not the nicest thing to do, but I hardly believe that it's an uncommon thing among airlines, and I also think that it must have been a deal from both parties, as it is regulated by the law.
@@imrebese5502 they were on "stand by" day not off duty indeed. But it is said in the video that the captain said he was tired ... and the landing was tricky ...and so for the captain normally ....the sum of these details in the video gave me a feeling of non professionalism and pressure put on the pilot ...
Peter, as a retired engineer from a major aircraft manufacturer here in the United States and was once a private pilot, many years ago, I find your videos to be exceptionally prepared and detailed. I have some time as copilot in the C-17 simulator back in 1999 to 2005, when I worked in flight test for Mcdonald Douglas, which was purchased by Boeing. That experience gave me a profound understanding of CRM.
I've been an aviation enthusiast since 1965. Thanks to your commitment to airline safety and learning, believe it or not, it's made the world of airline travel safer.
The current population worldwide of airline pilots would be wise to watch and learn from your vast experience and expertise. Kudos to you and your team. Nuff said!!!
That "pull up" jump scare was on point, made me jump. 😅
That was the point!
It got me too.
It got me!
It got me too. The "PULL UP" alone is scary enough, but this was really well timed. And to my shame you kind of announced it and I still fell for it.
The only thing scarier than a "pull up" warning is a "pull OUT" warning. 😊
Regarding Nis airport, 5 -10 years ago, during heavy snow, a Wizz plane tried to land at least 5-6 times. After the last attempt, he left for Budapest. I know because I was following on the flight radar and the runway 29 landing corridor is above my head. A wonderful video that explained to me how complicated Niš airport is!
Indeed. And in such a case: Better divert than fly the Aircraft into a mountain or stall it.
Why Budapest? Aren't Sofia and Thessaloniki closer?
@@stefansekulic7903Distance is obviously an important factor in divert decisions, but they also depend on the weather & other operational factors such as the presence of maintenance facilities etc
Was that still at the time that Nis had this non-precision approach? Or were they already upgraded to a Cat. 3 ILS-approach?
@@stefansekulic7903 Even to Belgrade, the weather there was much better and clear
I never click on a youtubers videos quicker than Mentour Pilot. Always quality content.
Excellent! That’s what I want to hear 💕
@@MentourPilotYou are amazing, you made a video about the flight to my city, Niš (Nish)
@@MentourPilotlovely work.❤
Yup. No need to Google or wiki. I’m so sick and tired of clickbait “1000 feet from disaster”, “passengers shocked by flight”, where it’s just garbage, or a tease for other unrelated video.
Also, as some other people said it, the situation is the same for me: I never heard of this incident despite being a Hungarian, reading Hungarian aviation websites, being part of aviation groups, and knowing many Wizz Air pilots and cabin crew. Very great find Peter, as always, a fantastic video, and now especially special, because it was about an incident which I think never ever anybody covered before!
Persze, hogy nem beszel senki sem errol, sem mas esemenyekrol ezekben a szanalmas magyar csoportokban.
Yeah, we want more Wizz, Ryanair and EasyJet stores
UK Railways suffer a similar issue. Train moves without passengers are known as "ECS" or "Empty Coaching Stock". They have an unusually high number of incidents, frequently down to the more relaxed approach of the staff as there are no passengers..
Didn't know ECS had an unusually high number of incidents, you learn something new every day!
I am a nervous flyer and 2 weeks ago was my first flight - from Skopje to Ljubljana with Wizzair (what a coincidence) after I started watching your channel. I wanted to say thank you because I was more relaxed than previously because of all the videos I watched from which I understood how airplanes fly and how accidents can only happen as a combination or factors and bad luck. I am no longer afraid of landing because I know how ILS approach works…too bad I still have the anxious feeling when we are climbing during takeoff. I am afraid that both engines will fail and stall will happen 😅😅 thats just my pre-flight anxiety…well at least it lasts for 1-2 mins and I can enjoy the rest of the flight
This is the earliest I’ve been to a Mentour Pilot video - keep up the good work man! I’ve watched so many videos of yours that I can’t find ones I haven’t seen!
i guess i'll watch this before sleeping XD
This story is actually both frightening and reassuring because I also stay close to an airport surrounded by mountains (quite similar landscape to that in Serbia) from which Wizz Air operates. This story actually brought more information about how such landings are done and what systems are helping. Thanks a lot !
This is perfect to watch 1 week before my Wizz flight over the alps😁
don’t worry!! lots of tunnels in the Alps to fly through 😂
Wizzair have been operating flights for 20 years and they had only one minor incident since then - an emergency landing because of the malfunction of the landing gear. So you don't have to worry, they're a perfectly safe airline.
I mean, as long as they don’t land in Interlaken you’re pretty safe.
Im the same! Off on holiday in Ryanair tomorrow
That "pull-up" jumpsccare at around 33:27ish was GOLDEN
I physically leapt forward
Thank you so much for putting a time stamp in your comment. I do really badly with jump scares and I could see that there was going to be one from the comments, but none of them said when. I was about to just have to miss this video 🤣 thanks again!
@@N.A.0901 it is not that bad…. 😂
The very particular time with "ish" gave me a giggle. 😅😂
9:05 it is interesting how the egpws is both the one thing pilots never wanna hear but also the thing they never wanna not hear.
And passengers especially don't ever wanna hear it during a pa or something.
This sharing of responsibility in the cockpit is burnt into my mind since an approach in a 172 into Page airport. I was on the Right side responsible for Radio coms and navigation, nothing else . On final approach we came in way to high being not familiar with the airport, even though it has a long long runway. But because we where usually trained on landing on short grass strips, I called out go around and in panic then all off a sudden put the flaps to 0 without announcing it. My friend flying was completely startled, the stall warning came on and we sank singnificantly. Fortunately we recovered and landed safely but ever since I don’t blame the pilots in your examples. All of a sudden everything becomes to speed up and happen super quickly… even in a Cessna 172..
My old PPL instructor told me: "Learn from other's mistakes, because you might not live long enough to learn from your owns!" Always true!!
I have to say, the graphics you use in your videos are always so detailed and amazing. They really help me understand the concepts you are explaining so clearly and beautifully. It makes it such a pleasure to watch!
🤗🤗
Captain Petter, Thank you for yet another absolutely fascinating air incident investigation video. I especially enjoy your European episodes like this one. 5*
I flew with Wizzair last year. Eindhoven-Skopje. On embarking in Eindhoven after already 1,5 hours of delay, we used the airstairs. Helped by my knowledge of watching Petters and others aviationvideos, I looked at the landing gear. I noticed that one tyre had significantly less profile than the others. When we were seated, almost half an hour later we were told by the flightdeck we couldn't make a direct flight. We had to go to Budapest first to change a tyre. HEY! I saw it correctly!
So, first flying to Budapest. We were on the ground for 30 minutes, and the rest of the flight to Skopje took an hour. By then, the delay had been 3 hours. Supposed to arrive in Skopje around 21.00, we now arrived around 00.30. Crew was pissed, they still had a roundtrip to Malta on their schedule.
This flight was performed with an Airbus 320ceo. One week later, I saw to my surprise Wizzair upgraded the route with an Airbus321neo. This flight was completely uneventful, on time, but I distinctly remember the landing (perfect) but the slowing down was immense, I was almost thrown out of my seat.
Niš is pronounced "Nish", a bit confusing, sounds like Nice in France. Budapest is BudapeSHt too, but that doesn't matter 🙂
I had a feeling that might be the case
@@MentourPilot Amazing video though, I remember reading about it back in the day.
Even most Hungarians pronounce Budapest with the English S sound when speaking in English, it's perfectly fine.
@@MentourPilot Fun fact, one month after the incident in the video happened, there was a funny situation, Czech tourists wanted to spend holiday in Nice, France, but their tourist organizer bought them tickets to Nis,Serbia obviously making a mistake because the similarity. They were a little confused when the city looked a little different from the photos they saw in tourist pamflets :)
I figured it was in France at first. It is the home of AirBus
Having this level of step-by-step detail about real events within a cockpit is most informative. I've never liked seeing just "pilot error" in media reports. That's just lazy journalism and doesn't reveal anything of what actually went on. Thanks, Petter! 🙂
SpaceX just caught a Starship booster out of midair! AND a new Mentour Pilot Video! What a great way to start a day!
Lol here it is 15:05
Glad you enjoyed it! And yes, SpaceX are doing some amazing stuff!
While I'm about to crash into a mountain, all my concerns are eased by the fact that Incogni keeps my browsing history safe.
I love a good “get your popcorn” video (i.e. - exciting to watch with no loss of life)! 🍿😎
-Greetings from the Patreon crew
I know there's a lot wrong with the film Sully but i did like the fact that they highlighted the startle issue, even if they did it by basically making things up re the NTSB investigation. I also love the way you constantly remind people of the way this industry operates: be honest, taking the training and get back on the horse. Its something i try to enforce in my workplace.
i really appreciate the startle simulation you gave at the end lol that "pull up!" actually made me jump xD great work as always
If I ever find myself on an airplane with Petter and I hear him say, "This is going to be very important later", I'll immediately start looking at that flight safety card thing in the seat pocket.
😅
Hi Petter, despite not being a pilot I enjoy your videos for quite a while now!
I work in quality assurance and therefore
I especially appreciate your approach to mistakes and how to deal with them!
I have a similar mindset that a mistake made should be a lesson learned!
Not reporting a mistake is often far more worse than making the mistake.
That's a video that people working outside the flight industry should watch and that exactly the reason why, as an IT professional, I watch Mentour's video and try to learn.
Thank you Petter!
33:25 it actually was a real startle
Good demonstration
YES! Nice touch. And effective
Damn! Great demonstration!
I am from the city of Nis, and I love airplanes. Thanks for sharing this with us, I was unaware of this situation over my town. Watching those planes every day since my house is on the planes landing path but somehow I never thought something wrong could happen.
Another fabulous video Mentour. This incident shows how quickly things can go very wrong if standard operating procedures aren't adhered to and how one mistake can lead to further complications down the road if not rectified early. I also agree with you concerning Airbus thinking of not having linked/force feedback sidesticks and moving thrust levers. Tactile feedback is a valuable thing to have and to not have it in the Airbus limits you to only visual cues, which alone isn't the best, especially when in a very complex situation, even if it's managed quite well in normal operations everyday. And in regards to the dual input warning, with high workload that is either not heard (due to loss of hearing in stress) or cancelled due to stall warning and ground proximity warning activation.
While it's easy to criticize Boeing nowadays for their various problems with their latest aircraft in production, at least they got their flight control system absolutely spot on (excluding how MCAS originally was on the 737 MAX).. Force feedback and synchronized controls and self moving throttle is the way to go. I never understood how unlinked and non force feedback sidesticks and non moving thrust levers was an advance in aviation safety. We have seen enough Airbus accidents and incidents to show that's not the case, especially when it comes to the sidestick. Of course dual control is possible in Boeing too (Egypt Air 961 and Air France 11) but I think the Airbus solution is much worse than having synchronized and backdriven controls.
All that said, Bravo to Airbus for the ability for the Autothrust system giving full power automatically whenever the airspeed gets too low in normal law. This is something I wish Boeing implemented in their aircraft. That's a great safety system right there.
That still doesn't prevent a crash. The Sriwijaya 737 that crashed had one of the thrust levers move back on its own......without the crew noticing
@@tomstravels520 Of course not by itself it'd prevent a crash. I am aware of incidents like the Asiana 777 accident where the levers moved and the crew still screwed the pooch. The purpose is to reduce the possibility of things getting worse with feedback in the controls or aid in resolving matters sooner. If it fails, it fails, but that doesn't mean non feedback controls are the best solution. The mentality should not be "it doesn't matter if an aircraft has all the tactile feedback cause pilots can still crash it despite all the control feedback, therefore we don't need such feedback controls in the Airbus". That isn't the best way of seeing things. Anything that can help aid safety and enhance situational awareness like the airport moving map in the cockpit of modern day aircraft like the A350, feedback controls, Vertical Situation Display etc should be welcomed if it means the chances of an accident happening is decreased.
Garbage in, garbage out. Learned that from senior engineers very early on in my career.
As a Serbian i gasped when you mentioned Nis and Serbia, thanks!
И одвојио Космет…
@@krieger3511 boli me dupe
He only used the wrong map of serbia 😶
@@krieger3511Да и Бугарску и Црну Гору. Срам га било.😅
@@srbaleks-3371Really? What's wrong with the map?
This incident reminded of Aviateca flight 901 from August 9, 1995 (B737 CFIT), another case of loss of situational awareness before EGPWS was available. Look it up, you may want to produce a video about this terrible accident.
Thank you for this excellent review we can all learn from, in this case, that the aircraft will do whatever the pilots tell it to do, including flying into the ground.
Oh yeah the famous phrase in Information Technology (IT). GIGO. Garbage In - Garbage Out.
And it goes way back, too. Charles Babbage (who designed mechanical computers in the mid 19th century) didn't put it quite that simply, but he clearly understood it -- and wondered why others didn't always:
"On two occasions I have been asked, 'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?' ... I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question."
@@AaronOfMpls Have you noticed-I'm sure you have-what is happening with “AI” this last year or so? Apparently magical thinking is the default mode of our species.
Yeah, I don't think anyone has ever said "Rubbish In, Rubbish Out" before.
I've heard "shit in, shit out" before. SISO? 😅
@@footnuke Trash in Trash out is also used in americanized language. So it could be fitting if in a deeply british environment someone uses garbage in / out.
Best graphics out there in the TH-cam universe. Your thorough explanations of these incidents are highly informative. Thank you 😊
I was on a southwest airlines jet from SFO to PHX once with just me and my director on the entire flight after a conference. It was crazy. The staff was like if you want anything just let us know, we are fully stocked, so you guys can have whatever you want anytime you want! Lol.
They had to get the plane to PHX for another flight and not sure how no one else was booked, if only our company travel portal was bringing up this flight and no other systems did or something.
But we had a long week of drinking and partying and the restful flight was amazing
I've flown with wizzair about half a dozen times so I was especially curious about this one.
The big thing for me here is the lack of clear communication between the two pilots. For both of them to start inputting commands without saying what they're doing or why is unbelievable in this modern era of aviation.
The errors I understand, were all humans, and the automatics on the Airbus performed fantastically. But this was the complete opposite of teamwork in the cabin.
One quick little thing for your animation team - in the A320, if the PF is the FO, it would be AP2 that's engaged. That's on purpose so it's using data from the FO's side. Otherwise, though, great video on another incident I had never even heard of. As an A320 FO, I would hope to never make these sorts of mistakes but it's easy to see how they can spiral without the proper approach prep. I always look over all the potential arrival procedures before we even take off, and then again while at cruise during the flight; I feel like the real root cause here is that the pilots were seemingly not even aware of the existence of the procedure they were finally assigned. There's really no excuse for being surprised by something like that even at an unfamiliar airport.
Just found your videos, Captain. I binge watched them while recovering from illness. I work in safety & do regular root cause analysis, just like my dad did in his decades-long career in the nuclear industry. You deliver consistent quality content!
I flew the A320FAM 15 years and is a fantastic aircraft. Sidestick-handling is brilliant and that the thrustlevers are not moving is no problem. Watch your FMA at all time!
Is there a reason to not have moving thrust lever, besides cost?
@@Kenionatus Airbus don't deem tactile feedback necessary, so they didn't include such in their aircraft starting from the A320. It prevents them from having to put in backdriven throttle motors but takes away a tactile cue.
I too spent a good number of years as an A320 Captain and I agree with you that the non-moving throttles are not a problem, you quickly get used to the idea that the "donuts" on the N1 gauges give you that information. It would seem that "dyed-in-the-wool" Boeing pilots have problems with the idea. Once you accept that the throttles are computer input devices it is easy to accept.
One great advantage is the complete absence of throttle stagger, if you put the throttles to a known position (there is a scale on the quadrant) the engines will always go to that power setting on any aeroplane. As a tip to those that haven't realised this if you put them to the "10" on the scale that is pretty much the right power to fly level at the correct speed for a given usual configuration (a bit more on the A321, a bit less on the A319), or fly the approach when fully configured. "5" gives you a spooled up engine ready to set any power you want quickly.
Just saying!
@@Kenionatus- Unprecedented flight deck commonality across the whole fleet, making conversion training less expensive and problematic for airlines.
30:47 - I’m just thoroughly impressed with the performance characteristics of an empty A320.
I know! It’s a mini rocket ship.
The pilots asked it to get them out of there, and that's exactly what it did.
I commend your research team for a comprehensive research that they're always doing but I'm most impressed by your ability to explain and narrate technical aspects of an airplane that you've got zero experience on especially the Airbus since you're a 737 guy through and through. It can't be an easy task talking about an aircraft you're not rated on and knowing very well that there's thousands of highly experienced pilots on type who follows your page. A job well done in that regard!
Thank you for your unselfishness and sacrifice by stepping back from your love of actually piloting to focus on this channel - your and your crew's stuff is top notch, and the flying public thanks you for your channel. Don't second guess your decision!
I must be honest, the transition from the risk of flying in mountains to the ad was really smooth, well done!
😅😅
The startle effect is very real (32:50). It can lead to either no reaction at all, or an inappropriate reaction. Let me give you a personal example: many years ago a friend was killed when she swerved to avoid a dog, going over an embankment and into the lake. She was trapped and drowned. I thought about this for a long, long time. If that were me, what would I do? Swerve to the right and hit a power pole, or pedestrian, or fly off an embankment? Swerve to the left and hit an oncoming tractor-trailer? I made up my mind right then that I would never attempt to avoid a collision. I would hit the brakes hard, continue steering straight ahead and hope for the best. I have perfected this response, and in the last thirty years or so successfully stopped six or eight times when a dog, deer or child suddenly appeared in front of me. I did hit one deer, but by the time I hit it (head on, of course) I had almost come to a stop. The deer was uninjured. My wife thinks I have nerves of steel, but no. I simply won't allow an unthinking reaction to a sudden, startling action.
I love episodes that include the airbus protection systems (especially if they actually work as intended). It’s incredible to me how many scenarios and threats the airbus can get you out of on its own. I guess it‘s a bit like flying a computer, but at least a computer knows no startle effect.
Great work, as always.
I am a retired Air Traffic Control Specialist. I worked both Tower & Arrival/Departure.
Keep doing as you are. I wanted to share 1 crucial bit with you to share with others, since you train others.
One of what I considered the best "training" advice I was ever given is something I hope you share with others. That advice was, never keep secrets.
If I intend to do anything out of the ordinary, at the least, I will have an immediate reply in the fore front of my mind.
Having had such invaluable experiences, i.e. Familiarization (Jump Seat) flights to see our job from Your perspective.
I never kept a secret after that.
Not being aware of all required on part of pilots in the event of a "go around" order... if spacing ever looked like it would be tight... it took me 2 seconds to tell the pilots, "Prepare" for a go around.
I think it would be far less stressful for a possible "go-around" instruction, though you are always prepared for, what harm does it do to let you guys know whats on my mind as youre about to land.
Sure, you will obviously get a "jerk" air traffic Controller that may not appreciate pilots "not" keeping secrets, 95% of us would MUCH rather know your concerns before they become ours!
Great Job!
"Wizz Air" sounds like the airline name a group of 8 year old boys would come up with if they were playing pilot in the back yard, and their mum has just told them not to use swear words.
Thanks!
PLEASE do more of the Airbus near-crash incident videos. They’re kinda hard to find because they don’t get any press and the general public doesn’t know/care, but most of them are rather astonishing.
There’s one about a plane that basically did exactly what Asiana @ SFO did on approach, I believe alpha floor and speed prot kicked in, they were so far behind the plane they didn’t even react to the warnings and got the plane within like 4kts of a stall (IIRC) before it finally just took over everything and flew them out of it. The interesting thing about that case is that the protections are actually predictive, they know that even if you aren’t stalling YET, if you wait any longer the engine thrust delay won’t allow adequate power to avoid the future stall, and adjusts the override time accordingly.
People always compare the number of Boeing crashes to the number of Airbus crashes, but never mention the number of AVOIDED disasters (which was basically a huge design philosophy of the A320 family and later models in the first place.) Again, no one really cares about an “almost” crash, so…
I was a passenger on a US flight from Kansas City MO to Pittsburgh PA in the 1980's. The plane suddenly increased power and I felt a climb almost like a take off. It was weird and got weirder when the Pilot apologized over the PA. He said there was another airplane where it wasn't supposed to be. I still feel anxiety and immense gratitude over that. Big Ups for that stuff.
Yeah I've noticed that nowadays any airline incident has one of two headlines: "Boeing airplane involved in...." OR "(airline carrier name) involved in....."
I'm not trying to defend Boeing but the bias is getting pretty obvious. Even if it's just an attempt to get more clicks.
@@Wintermute909yeah I mean don’t we all already get our popcorn out when we get news that Boeing might have messed something up again?
@@Wintermute909 That's what happens when a company shits the bed as badly as Boeing did. They get bad press.
I like how Petter talks to us like he is teaching us and that he knows that we are smart enough to understand whatever he is telling us.. he is one of the most patient teachers I have seen and his videos’ educational value is unmatched..
Peter, will you ever cover the Germanwings catastrophe? This accident gave me nightmares for months. It was so bad that I developed a fear of flying, even though I was a frequent flier before. It got to the point where I needed help from a psychologist. The therapy helped me get back on a plane, but some fear always remained-until I found your channel! Now, I'm flying and enjoying it like I did before. I think I’m finally ready to hear your take on that catastrophe. Thanks!
That particular accident is very hard to cover for me. I prefer to cover accidents and incidents where there is a learning point.. but that story is just dark. It was a mass-suicide/murder with nothing positive to draw from.
@@MentourPilot make sense. Thanks for answering and keep up what you are doing. You helping a lot of people!
@@MentourPilot I agree with your take on that, there is nothing to learn, it's just gruesome, sad, and frightening.
@@MentourPilothow about that bek air 2100 crash? That was surrounded in shady details
@@MentourPilot I wouldn't say that. The incident resulted in a slew of new rules implemented by airlines, although a lot of those have been rolled back by some now (including germanwings), presumably because they cost more. It's not like we didn't learn anything from it in terms of operations, we are simply ignoring the lessons (I'll leave it up to debate whether ignoring them is justified).
I'm not a pilot, but I am a semi-frequent flyer, and I really enjoy these videos. I feel like I learn a lot more about how the aviation business, as well as the planes themselves, works. Thank you for such great content!
Garbage in, garbage out?
"On two occasions I have been asked, ‘Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?’ I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question." - Charles Babbage
I was cabin crew and yeah we had our first few flights as new crew we was given the opportunity to sit with the pilots for two full flights. It was amazing especially as I loved flying anyway. Learned a lot and the respect both roles had for one another.
Have you heard of the incident involving two 737s that were forced to land below minima with almost no fuel in 2013? Would love to see a video on it!
Sounds interesting
The Investigation number of this accident is "AO-2013-100". Google it
Oh yes, I’ve heard plenty about that
Yikes!
Which ones do you mean? Never heard of them!
Increasingly in busy airspace, it’s necessary to brief ‘chops and changes’ and how flexibility will be managed ie what is a GATE or a BOTTOM LINE for NOT accepting a change, and discussing how it will be managed if it does happen.
Only the other week I was flying into a large London airport on a pretty ‘ordinary’ day, and with a little to talk about I briefed a runway switch, which hardly ever happens. On this occasion the aircraft in front reported a PAN and we were offered a switch to the other runway. Bizarre coincidence, but both pilots had a clear idea of what was to be done and the approach was completed successfully.
It is obviously not possible (or practical) to brief every eventuality but to have a clear idea about the circumstances we can exercise flexibility, the gates beyond which we will not and HOW we will react covers a lot of situations. This is particularly important in the US, where controllers often keep you guessing in very busy airspace.
Great content, thought provoking. ‘Startle’ remains one of the biggest threats to aircrew.
You sir are an inspiration! After I started watching your videos my love for aviation increased tenfolds and I am trying to learn more each day. Thank you🎉
Excellent! That makes me really happy to hear.
I love flying Wizz Air. For me, they have always been awesome and the only issues I have ever had flying with them have been weather related and I can’t blame them for that!
Never thought to see Wizz Air on the Mentour Pilot Channel! 🤯
I hope you found it interesting
Yeah I fly with wizz sometimes scary stuff
@@MentourPilot Very interesting and hair raising. Gold content 💛
@@TheEliera Wow like what?
People, technology, weather - no airline above laws of physics.
Tack!
Love Petter's random 'sh' insertions, all except in Nis where it's needed:D
That pull up out of nowhere made me jump to about 500 feet! Fantastic and also smiled when hearing about the enhanced GPWS and hard systems. Previous accidents and lessons ensuring the same thing didn’t happen again.
At first hearing i was thinking "Hey ! Nice is in France ,not Serbia !" ,then i rewinded and watched the video :)
I know.. I could have researched the pronunciation of Niš better
@@MentourPilot When the airport opened for the service a while ago, there were cases of people flying in Nis with Ryan Air or something, expecting to have bought the tickets to Nice. So it happens :)
@@stevanmarinkovic5756Like people going to Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada instead of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia -- or vice versa? (Though the difference in distance isn't _quite_ as big. 🙂)
@@AaronOfMpls I guess it was more a case of getting Ryanair tickets for 20€ or something, not even checking, then going anyway or something :)
@@MentourPilotWe had a group of tourists from Bratislava come to Niš thinking they were coming to France. One of them needed a visa for Serbia because she was from Korea i think and she had to stay at the airport for 3 days until she was able to return. Her friends visited Niš.
Hey Petter, great video as always. Have been watching your videos for years. I just took my first flight ever because I was always really scared. But your videos explaining everything made me feel at ease. I could imagine what was going on during take off and landing. So thank you for all your work.
9:30 The aircraft knows where it is at all times, it knows this because it knows where it isn't.
As a side note, I agree that it would be good human factors design engineering if Airbus made it so that the physical controls in the cockpit attempted to match what the aircraft was actually doing.
It doesnt have to be anything as intense as true force feedback, but some sort of pressure moving the controls in that direction would be pretty immediately noticeable to pilots used to the Airbus' typically smooth controls. Like if they went to decrease the throttle but the throttle had just a few newtons of resistance. Or if the aircraft is inputting control surface deflections the control stick/pedals get a slight pressure in the appropriate direction.
For safety you could limit the rate at which the control input can move (so a rapid change in input by the plane doesnt smack a pilot in the hand or whatever). But just some sort of tactile feedback would be excellent.
Another beautiful example of a plane saving itself from a crash, despite its pilots' best efforts to the contrary...
Very enlightening video! Keep up the good work.
In August '23 in the early morning I was sitting at the Niš airport, waiting for my Wizz flight to arrive. It was diverted to Belgrade due to heavy fog. Now I got some interesting context as to why it might've happened. Thanks for the video! 👍
You should do an April fools day video where you give detailed commentary on a totally normal flight
That sounds like the Monty Python Sketch with Mr Mellish going to work
I love how the airline handled this! Indicates to me there must be a good company culture. That “ok you messed up but here’s how everyone can learn from this, you’re fine” attitude is fantastic for any company to follow. It’ll encourage more honesty from employees since they’re not fearing disciplinary action, and just have an overall more positive work environment. Love to see it!
Airbus. When the plane ends up flying you being the savioir of the day once again. We already had one of those repositioning flights that didn‘t go so well
Indeed. And in the "Miracle of the Corn Field" it was also the Airbus-Aircraft which made this Miracle possible.
@@NicolaW72 Airbus should get some sort of reward for that. Making the skies surely is a great reward but this incident (if it was not for Airbus‘s protections, that would easily have become an accident) proves that these days even if the pilots mess up big times they still are going to get to their destination in one piece. Unless the mess up was not tooo big
@@ex101jc Indeed. A way tooo big mess up was PIA flight 8303, also covered on this channel - in such a case even an Airbus cannot help himself.
@@NicolaW72 Sully's landing in the Hudson invoked Alpha Floor in the last seconds too. Generally it's said that in that case it limited him from touching down even gentler, but that feels like nitpicking at best and a reach at most. (Perhaps it kept him from a rougher touchdown if he flared a touch too much? Hard to ever know.)
@@JoshWalker1 The Hudson-Landing shows that a brilliant pilot is still the best safety protection of an Aircraft, equally how well the Aircraft is prepared technically. But with - not so brilliant - pilots the technical preparation of the aircraft can make the difference between a safe outcome for everyone and a disaster.
I need to watch this video again - it really is startling how things can spiral out of control so quickly even in a well organised situation. Have to say your videos are superbly produced - the visuals certainly brought home how some of the confusion came about. I follow Ryan Farran (Missionary Bushpilot) who flies single handed in Papua New Guinea with very little technical back up. The striking thing is he briefs himself on every aspect of every flight he makes throughout the flight - he has to, as there is nobody else to help him out and he is very aware that in that terrain there is no room for complaceny. It is surprising that at times some commercial airline pilots, even experienced ones fail to do this. Perhaps the systems they operate under induce carelessness?
hey Petter, i'm so glad you're showing the faces of your team at the end of the video! it's easy to forget that there are so many amazing people behind large productions like this, so imo more creators should show their team's faces in their videos.
to the rest of the Mentour Pilot team: thank you for the effort you put in behind the scenes -- it shows! 💜
Thanks
Thank you so much for your support!
33:25 that jumpscared startled me lol
yep, that was so clever editing etc - even though our feet are safely on the ground, we are safe at home, and the subject of startle was already well underway: it created a text book startle somehow - I totally had a "wtf-happened-brain-freeze moment"
@@1000000trs yeah, i listen to videos with earphones, and that scared the heck out of me lol
The lack of side stick feedback to the other pilot's control, like you suggest, is not the issue. This would promote dual inputs as you typically see in Boeing aircraft rather than strict handover takeover, which arguably does not enhance safety. What this event showcases is the poor design and design tradeoffs used in the Airbus concept: having neutral static stability in configured flight, i.e. unconventional neutral stick forces and displacement while slowing and elimination of trim, combined with lack of back fed thrust levers. Alpha floor exists to address this deficiency and resultant high rates of deceleration while approaching alpha max due to the inevitable poor speed awareness this system promotes. As a result, this system design leads to strong mode confusion which you often see, but people rarely admit to. Another great video, keep up the good work. I'm sure I've triggered some Airbus fan guys and gals. I've gained a better appreciation of the design tradeoffs made by each OEM after recently flying Airbus, Boeing and Embraer.
Worked for Wizzair and flew to Nis quite a lot, it's a tricky one for sure.
@EinfachLuap Hello. Are you familiar with the case when a Wizz tried to land 5-6 times during heavy snow at Niš airport and at last diverted to Budapest, 5-10 years ago?
@@draganilic4187 I'm not, I've only been there for like 2 years about 3 years ago, only recently left. Somebody may have told me something about that at some point but the company grew from just around 20 planes back then to around 150 now, so it's hard to keep track of something like that...
Petter.
I love your blog and am proud to be a member of the flight crew.
I originally started viewing Mentor Pilot out of curiosity and interest in flying and have learned a lot . For that I thank you.
I have to at this point tell you that I am not comfortable flying in large commercial air liners. I much prefer the smaller private type of craft where I can at least observe the goings on at the controls . I am told by those who love me that I have a tendency to be somewhat "controlling" . I understand that the smaller private planes are actually more dangerous that the larger planes. But to me , especially after watching your blogs , it seems that the main reason for the bulk of air disasters are pilot related errors . I guess that I feel that I would have some say in my fate by flying in the smaller planes and not have any say or even knowledge of it in the commercial flights, something your blog does seem to point out
None the less I find your efforts to inform and instruct to be very commendable as well as entertaining . Keep up the good work as it is appreciated .
David L. Gibson
Your videos eased my fears of flying… good job
Excellent, I’m happy to hear that
the way I would have immediately screamed "YOUR CONTROLS". now, we might not have made it but we sure wouldn't have had that dual input problem. it's very cool the software initiated the required TOGA thrust, even if it took them a moment to realize it was on
Hungary mentioned! 🇭🇺🇭🇺👑🧄✈️ !bojler elado! 🇭🇺🇭🇺🇭🇺🇭🇺✈️💕💕
Thank you dear Petter, well presented.
One reason more AIB instructs the crews to not only read, but also UNDERSTAND the FMA. It tells the whole story, what it is doing and what it WILL do …
In this flight sadly the captains fatigue did not help the crew to avert the mishandling and misunderstanding of the PF …
Thank you so much for your videos Peter. They are always explained so well on a lay-person level. 🤓🤗🛩️✈️
You are very welcome!