Are there 10^272,000 Universes? - Numberphile
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 มิ.ย. 2022
- Featuring Tony Padilla. Check brilliant.org/numberphile for Brilliant and get 20% off their premium service (episode sponsor)
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The first universe could expand forever making island universes in between. Gravity (Gravitons) would bring all the matter back to the center as a rain of High Energy Plasma of elementary particles. Gravitons would turn back and return to the center of the universe and accelerate all the matter making them high-energy particles. And then, they would cool down and become compact objects again. Likely, the first expansion of matter happened during the Vivatta Asaṃkhyeya Kalpa. And then, galaxies formed during the Vivattai Kalpa. The universe would contract during the Sanvatta Kalpa. Planets keep destroying during the Sanvattai Kalpa. If we put the first expansion of matter to the end, then Mahā-Kalpa starts from Vivattai Kalpa. I developed a theory to explain the expansion of the first universe. And I could derive the fundamental forms of matter that we call elementary particles.
If gravity was weaker, you'd presumably need to tweak other parameters (like the strength of dark energy) to stop matter flying appart too quickly. Weaker gravity would presumably mean slower creation of stars and planets too, and lower chance of larger planets with decent atmospheres to create a safe environment, and different orbits around stars and all sorts. I can imagine some counter effects to the increase in tech progress that lower gravity could cultivate
@@things_leftunsaid Yes, of course they can do a video on the topic, but not on the "dimesionality" of non-existent spacetime. Dimensionality is a subsidiary principle of form & structure, the metalogical principles that enable our concept & perception of places as having "space" and/or existing in a place having "space" and duration. Time is a conceptual construct or a measure of our limited perception of change. What changes is the totality of the 'field' of being's energy (enabling the present moment of the cosmos). So, the topic & its untestable, unprovable subject & concepts are pure nonsense, not science, nor holistic ontology concerning the reality of being (the cosmos).
@Joe Duke Bravo! Hence, the name is appropriate (i.e., "uni-" = unitary). It's also the only one we can perceive, detect, study, test, and prove real. Everything else is totally unscientific BS & sci-fi fantasy or fictional.
They used a giant sheet of the ritualistic brown paper just to write down one number that was already in the title. I love it.
LOL!!! Thanks! I needed that.
Man questions like 3:00 is why brady is one of the best in the biz, it was what I was wondering too. Thanks for all the effort you all put into these videos, they are fantastic.
And 4:32 as well.
I don’t know how he does it
He's an intelligent interviewer, something relatively rare in today's age. TH-cam, of all things, is bringing that back, and it's always nice seeing someone ask probing questions that engage the interviewee that really lets their passion show.
I made a verifiable theory to derive the forms of matter and the universe. It is a much better theory than string theory. I could verify that theory using Buddhist teachings about fundamental elements, etc. So, I'm sure that it is the correct theory.
@@smlanka4u i dont think most physics papers accept that as a basis for theories
I enjoy Brady's "man on the street" approach, asking questions we would ask, while giving a platform (and brown paper with a Sharpie) for the experts to explain their topic. Well done series, and appreciated.
It's almost as if he trained as a journalist 😂
I absolutely agree. He more or less asked the questions I was about to be upset about, right when I wanted to ask them. 🔥
@@jack504 He's better than most journalists. Most of the time they just ask useless rhetorical questions.
no wonder he won A MEDAL OF THE ORDER OF AUSTRALIA
@@jack504 Perfect description of him: a math journalist.
I love how Brady doesn't pretend to understand it, but manages to ask really good questions on the spot.
ку, брудли
как жизнь сс13 админа?
asking good questions is a skill in itself
@@NoNameAtAll2 ого! Ну жизнь так себе с учетом того что сервера у меня нет, а еще меня пытаются загрифонить в ИРЛ. Ну а так все пучком.
Brady's probably smarter than you think. You just fall for the persona he creates.
It’s Brady’s superpower.
For anyone looking for some intuition about how you could 'hide' extra dimensions, imagine a flat 2D universe where you can move up/down and left/right. We could fold this plane into a vertical cylinder by connecting the left and right 'edges' together. Moving up/down would still move you as if you were in a flat 2D universe as normal, but moving left/right around the cylinder would quickly put you back where you started. If the radius of this cylinder was made arbitrarily small then moving left or right would effectively not change your position at all. Congrats, you've essentially turned a 2D universe into a 1D universe by hiding a dimension.
Wow thanks for sharing
backrooms = escaping the cylinder.
Very well put, this is a really intuitive way to think about this subject.
If you take the folded 2 →1 dimension and make it's length arbitrarily small, you get a 2D universe disguised as... wait, let's start with a 3D cube universe and make the height arbitrarily small before the folding transform, so it's a whole 3D universe; as for what's in it, no reason to assume the same kind of stuff as our universe, how about we put some kind of field with imaginary mass and the result is... another 3D universe with new forces and fields that is a non-interacting volumeless point particle.
If the properties of this universe happen to satisfy the equations for some unsolved problem, well, it sure seems *convenient* that it's hiding and therefore it existence can't be disproven. Just the things that would need to be true for the equations you chose to explain some observed phenomenon, simply can't be helped that there's no way to try to falsify the hypothesis. Unfalsifiable, if you will.
@@cyborgninjamonkey I'll be sure to pass your skepticism along to the annual string theorist conference, where the world's leading physicists scour youtube comments for critique.
Sarcasm aside, I'm not here to comment on what is or isn't - I'm just here to pass along an intuitive understanding of the discussion topic.
2:10 The Everything Bagel!
The brown paper itself leapt with excitement / surprise at that suggestion at 04:25
I'm far from a math dude (I did take Math up until I was a sophomore in college but stopped) but videos like this is why this is one of my favorite channels. They really distill complex problems enough that I can mostly understand yet fully appreciate.
incredible video
Now that's the real Multiverse of Madness
There's something provocative, perhaps profound, about the large Numberphile paper with nothing on it besides "10^272,000".
thanks a googol!
great insights as ever.
What I don't understand is why extra dimensions are assumed to be 'compressed' or something similar. As I understand it, it's perfectly possible for there to be extra spatial dimensions that aren't compressed at all. We can't interact with them because we're only 3 dimensional and moving exclusively one direction through time, just like a 2D flatlander can't interact with the third dimension. They can still impact our daily life, but we might not recognize them as such right away depending on what that interaction looks like. Why are we so convinced that extra dimensions are hidden and completely undetectable?
I think this has been one of my favourite "impossible to understand 10 dimensional multiverse"-type video. Very approachable conversation despite the complexity behind what is being discussed!
Can you make a video on how the SCG Function works
That "yeah" at 2:58 leaked out from another dimension
I love this show so damn much. Please don’t ever stop making content
thanks!
Brody always asks very pointed questions! Amazing!
That's what so great about his channels. The questions are aways great
@Insert Username I don’t think so.
Who's "Brody"?
*Brady
@@GrandPianoGamer it refers to Brady Haran the creator and interviewer of the channel (along with computerphile, sixty symbols, periodic videos an some others..)
7:00 "computational power of an 'ultimate laptop' with a mass of one kilogram confined to a volume of one liter." The most computational physic-y thing I've heard
thank you very much! made my day!
If you can't see the shapes of the strings on 2:22 maybe changing the video quality to 1080p would fix it
Brady's questions were great.
The circumference of a circle is r-√(2r^2)/2 +√(2r^2) - (r+1) /2
If r is even then= r/2
If r is odd then = (r+1) /2
omg these are my favourite Numberphile videos, those about big numbers with Tony. I love it!
Prof. Padilla is always interesting.
Dust on Tony's computer made me clear my phone screen many times lol, thanks bro for great video
Brilliant video, great questions and visualisations and loads of enthusiasm from Tony who had me captivated from the start! So interesting!
Only one number written on the Brown Paper. Brilliant 👏
2:23 String theory is just Aon Dor
Does it make any sense to think about if there is a relationship between gravity “always being attractive” and “time always moving forward”? Or am I just glue-gunning together words I’ve heard in popular, non-mathematical explanations of physics concepts that I don’t actually understand?
this is such a beautiful video
This gives Credence to white holes which is the excited part or Big Bangs like geysers going off from deep within the Earth after the water gets trapped underneath and get super concentrated and heated until it explodes upwards like a fountain or like with masses of bodies of water crash into each other or tectonic plates bulldozing into each other making the Mountain rise and the crust sink basically this the same thing with the universe when heavier elements Collide they implode
Can there be negative gravity in these different universes?
Perhaps we have NVE but what we see as acceleration is just parts of space moving “downhill” on the wild higher shapes they’re gravitationally riding.
I feel like this one was really a Sixty Symbols.
I love videos with Tony Padilla!
I thought string theory was loosing ground - still mindboggling stuff
what a great interview. Full of information. Well done to both interviewer and interviewee
As someone, who’s come to accept that time is just motion or change; an illusion, of sorts; and that there is not really any separate entity of ”time”; it always irks me, when I hear people referring to time as a dimension 😓.
fascinating !!
Probably due to a buffer overflow, I thought foolishly.
Hahaha... My mind is just worn out ..
If I understood correctly, wouldn't this be the number of *types* of universes? So, more than one universe with the same type, or configuration, could exist at once?
Pretty sure this is what it's saying. So in our we still have the same physical constants, but then you have the extended family of possible multiverses having the same constants. Ones from our comos's inflation period, ones that might exist if the cosmos is infinite and therefore there are infinite hubblespheres.. and etc.
That's how I understand it.
String theory is perhaps the biggest blind alley that physics has ever stumbled into. A theory that predicts everything actually predicts nothing.
The most plausible guess concerning quantity of universes is 1. If we ever found evidence for a second universe, I would agree anything goes.
Just keep trying until it fits, just make stuff up- String Theory
"Speculative scientific ideas fail not just when they make incorrect predictions, but also when they turn out to be vacuous and incapable of predicting anything." (Peter Woit)
Such is the string theory
It did take Dr Strange a while to work out which one could defeat Thanos. So yeah, I'm comfortable with this number.
Compared to the number in this video, Dr Strange's 14,000,605 is essentially zero!
"There's a compact manifold that wraps up six extra dimensions"
Like wow, man. That sounds so funky and groovy.
roflmao
A manifold is a space "with no sharp edges". So a sphere is a manifold, but a cone or a pyramid is not.
Compact means it is not infinitely big and all edges are included. If I say "all numbers bigger than 0 and less than 5" then there's no right edge right? 4.9 is not one because 4.99 is closer, but then again 4.999 is closer etc... 5 doesn't work because it isn't less than 5. We need to include the edges 0 and 5 for it to become compact.
If you tried to put a bunch of pencils 90 degrees all to each other, you would find out that 3 is the maximum. We say that reality has 3 dimensions. If you tried to draw lines on a paper where each line is 90 degrees to each other you would find out 2 is the maximum, we say the paper has 2 dimensions.
@@fyradur what would it mean for a dimensiom to be a manifold though? How would you illustrate that?
@@methatis3013 For a manifold to have a certain dimension, means that if you cut out any piece of your manifold and straighten it out then it becomes a space with that many dimensions.
So let's take a sphere, if you cut out a piece and straighten it out then it becomes like a flat paper, which has 2 dimensions. Thus a sphere has 2 dimensions.
Let's say you have a circle. If you cut out a segment and straighten it out then it looks like a straight line, which has 1 dimension.
@@fyradur ah, ok, thanks. Now it's a bit clearer. But what would it mean in the context of string theory? Does it mean that each elemental particle has a multidimensional manifold around it? Does it mean that out entire universe has a couple of multidemnsional manifolds that curl all around it? Im having a hard time understanding in what way do these manifolds "interact" with our space (I know they don't necessarily interact in the real sense of the word. I meant just as an infinite amount of planes is incapsulated in our 3d space, does it mean that we are incapsulated in higher dimension space?)
This video is pretty close to 272,000 views and its kind of unsettling
1:38 cinematic indeed
Creative graphics!
String theory reminds me of phlogiston and aether.
Well that was a well used brown paper…
9:47 that's philosophy
“I’ve told you countless times…”. I see what you did there.
This is fun for me because my birthday is 10/27/2000. Always knew I was special
The odd thing is its just as hard to understand there being infinite universes as there it being finite even if its a huge number
Maybe I've misunderstood badly but the interviewee's tangent on Moore's law appears to be "because I pushed Moore's law past where it applies we can conclude civilizations is cyclical and other species live in low gravity universes"
I always forget that the multiverse is an actual theory and not an overused plot device
10^272,000? Whoa ... that's the same as the number of angels that can dance on the head of a pin!!
this guy is the Rodger Federer of numberphile
5:05 “…you can imagine it quite easily…well, not easily, no one knows how to do it.” LOL.
Indeed, in one universe there IS a flying spaghetti monster. In fact, ours looks just like one, but you can’t tell.
10:40 sounds like that universe is boiling
10^500, then 10^272000 -- may as well work all the way up to infinity.
no bc even though there's a large number of differences in position and time across dimensions it's limited - except if the properties of a universe (strength of gravity, etc) are also available to be changed bc you can go to infinitesimal changes with that
That's what you get with scientific theories with no proof.
I like to imagine that, one day, high school physics teachers will talk to their students about string theory the way that my high school chemistry teacher talked about phlogiston.
Also why would time be referred to as a dimension when it’s just a labeling system to break up progression? Going “up” a dimension is adding a 90 degree angle fully orthogonal to all others, no? Understanding higher space helps us reckon with movement and occurrence in space we consciously interact with. I think looking to the macro we often don’t even consider the 3d faces of higher shapes we’re assumably observing
god I would just love a crash course exclusively over this subject. it's so complex that even in an amazingly explained video like this one, you're just scratching the surface of the mathematics and the theory behind it
Master Padilla, in my opinion, often brings up questions that... I really don't care about. I'll be more interested in string theory when it has some provable results. I don't care if someone in the past or the future will think of some giant number that I have also thought of. I don't care if you can imagine a donut shaped world and think if it might work or not. Please ideas he has presented, are similar to questions like who would win in this battle, mighty mouse or he-man? I just don't care. I may be in the minority here and I see that there are many likes for this video so to each their own. Cheers .
However I'm not knocking this channel, I love it and I'm still watching all of the episodes.
When theories predict crazy things that either cannot be tested or disagree with observations, the solution isn’t to discard the theory. It’s to layer even crazier theories on top of it.
String Theory has proven mathematically a lot of things that we see in the universe, and that other theories failed to explain, or predicted impossible when we could see that were happening. Currently is the best model of the universe that we have.
@@josecorchete3732 what are some predictions it has made that have been shown to match observations?
@@peterromero284 Black holes, dark matter detection, quantum computing.
@@josecorchete3732 I’m sorry but none of those have anything to do with string theory
I feel like watching this is what watching any normal video would seem like if you were high out of your mind
always a great video
So I was drawing universes with that Spirograph as a kid?
NEED an interview with James Maynard.
"Not only is the universe stranger than you think, it's stranger than you *can* think!"
- Werner Heisenberg
Is it unavoidable that only one of the dimension can be "time"? What would multiple time dimensions imply?
That was my question!
Can the other dimensions be temporal? Or is it always 1 time X spacial?
Multiple timelines existing simultaneously and able to interact, I think.
How to do calculations. Plus one minus one. For 3 D you get 6. For 4 you get 8. For 5 you get 10. Five is max because four primes. Possibility is ten power. 272 is because of power 6.
My 1080p monitor can display 1.5 x 10^14981179 different images, so I bet that it can go much higher.
Numberphile and the multiverse of madness
That ball of components... is somebody soldering DIY eurorack modules at Numberphile?
They all exist in a superposition until observed, in which case the universal wave function collapses and only one actually exists. This one.
Funny, I remember a paper published around the same time that was claiming that many of the 10^500 universes originally posited were actually contradictory and physically impossible, so the actual number of actually possible universes was much smaller.
Our existence could be a simulation in one of those super long lived universes with mass computing power. An experiment about which “abnormal” universal arrangements could produce sentient life. *takes another hit* a friggin mini-verse, like Rick and Morty.
String theory is the most complex way to say "We don't know."
6:10 Which would live the longest?
I've been watching numberphile for over a decade now, still so enjoyable!
Remember to always terminate your String theories with a \0.
Brady should have just given Tony a Post-It...
Sabine Hossenfelder will be pleased to see that this video shows up an Numberphile and not on Sixty Symbols.
you're such a nice and fun channel, thx guies
I enjoy how String Theory is both one of the best bets as to how the universe works and also we don't really know that much about how its supposed to work.
'wrapped up really tight so we can't see them'
aaaand this isn't fine-tuning because............................?
"What is the ultimate question?"
10^272,000... Now that's a proportionality constant!
That’s too many universes… we need to -1/12 that number somehow.
4:33 "this doesn't lead you to think maybe string theory is wrong?" And then, before answering no, he looks at the paper, where only a number is written... WHAT THE HECK IS HE LOOKING AT??? XD
If less gravity means longer star life, wouldn’t it mean it would take a lot longer for stars to form in the first place?
my brain hurts thinking about the size of that number.