I had my pharmacology exam last Thursday and trust me it is mind blowing to realise how much we've discovered in a few decades through research , but also worryingly tremendous how much medical knowledge and many solutions to severe problems we still lack .
Exactly and one thing this video fails to mention, is that generalized medicine is not always a good option, specially in cancer. In cancer you want targeted therapy to help reduce side effects. As for diagnostics, while general markers are important, they need to also have specific markers attached, given that there is a lot of variability. Even the same type of cancer in between 2 people can be worlds apart, and may show up as negative in the standard general blood cancer biomarkers. Extrapolating from cardiology to oncology is a big step. I'm a bit disappointed they didn't approach this duality. It felt more like a publicity to that Lab in the UK, in order for them to get more grants, than actually explaining what are problems that medical research faces, such as understaffing from hospitals, lack of education from the general population in order to help understand how in a lot of cases patients are not "guinea pigs", that the difference of populations that you have in clinical trials is also due to different access people have to healthcare worldwide,... I usually love Ted-Ed videos and like sharing them. This one will definitely not be shared, as it doesn't have a decent quality.
It depends on the drug being tested. If it’s an anticlotting medication for those at high risk of a heart attack, then they’d probably go with healthy volunteers. But if it’s a new chemotherapy drug then a Phase 1 trial will probably be patients that all have whatever cancer they’re studying. And probably all have had treatment failure from whatever the standard of care is that’s already available. Even with Phase 1 trials you’re probably not going to see healthy volunteers taking chemo drugs.
@@jdeljones correction. Phase 1 trial is always healthy volunteer. I did it several times and some of them is for cancer drug with radioactive tracer. They will always start with very low dose. If healthy patient have problem with low dose, it means normal dose for patient will have worst side effects and problems. The drug will not pass the trial phase and need to go back to drawing board. Phase 1 clinical trial get paid... at least in the UK. Good experience to meet new people, relax (if u dont mind drawing blood and controlled food intake) and money!
A huge part of the problem is, with few exceptions, medical research doesn't have the funds to pay voluntaries. Underdeveloped countries are full to the brim with unemployed unskilled people desperate to find a source of income, yet they seldom get a chance to become a voluntary, unless they do it for free. For example, in America people can get paid $50 to donate plasma, but in South America you get a snack if you're lucky. Literally, a child size juice box and a tiny cookie. wtf
Some would call that questionable ethics. I mean, if you're allowed to accept cash for donation of blood and other things, isn't that just a way for rich people to buy what poor can't have.
@@stansman5461 I don't understand the ethical problem; rich people have always been able to afford what the poor can't. Developing countries don't offer a social safety net, so claiming responsibility of the State to provide its citizens is besides the point. Sure the State should prevent such situations, but it doesn't irl sopeople should be able to provide for themselves somehow. Better if in a legal manner.
Of course, part of the problem is that funding for research, whether private or from governments, is most available in affluent, Western coutries, while developing nations with a large percentage of the world population simply don't have the surplus available to invest in researching their populations.
@@shaynealbert I don't know when this bias against Asians will end. All these countries got rich just a few decades. They have invested very much in healthcare and research, you just can't make up for 200 years worth of research in 20 years. That is when you have people skilled enough to do that and infrastructure like new research facilities. It takes time. And then there's the question if it's the right resource allocation statergy. Should you invest in cutting edge research on diseases who's cure has not been found yet or should you spend on researching on cures that have already been found. China and the Arab states also have much bigger problems to deal with.
@@hemant4906 Not to mention that affluence also overlook what afflicts the poor. Millions die of TB but those who can afford TB research spend it on other diseases
Third world countries are like this because of first world ones. We are not just "uninterested and lacking resources'. In reality we have resources and interested workers, but our labor and resources are all getting taken from us.
If they’re genetic diseases, we know what we need to fix them and the process by which we’d do it, just not how to do it precisely. As we type, they’re working on figuring that out.
Parkinson, tremors, cancer, AIDS, HIV list goes on. Better treatment has come from the research being done and it's always evolving however there still needs to be more work to be done.
@Austin Ross yes, we know it already. Prevention of inheritance by educating people that may have the copies of the allele of their risk of causing human suffered. Honestly if you have the likelihood of passing a genetic disorder and have kids, it's like throwing a chainsaw at a group of preschoolers. Maybe they'll keep all their limbs, maybe they won't.
04:02 : Warfarin, never suited me (coming from South Asia) when I began taking the dosage as instructed by the hematologist. Changed the dosage amount couple of times for no good, at times it resulted the blood to become way too more thin and was required to take Vitamin-K injection as emergency in midnight! While, at times the blood was too thick due to 'Warfarin's effectiveness affected even by the food I consumed. At last, have to settle with another drug 'Dabigatran', and it works quite well for a good 2 years now!
This is super basic, and is being taught everywhere... This isn't a "WOOO WE CAN FIX IT EASILY", because it requires a lot of volunteer's. Notice how the graph corresponds pretty well to the population in Europe and America? You can't FORCE people to get a condition, nor can you FORCE people to be volunteers. So this is a pretty darn well known, and really super basic thing in medical science. It is simply not easy to fix. We can't ship in volunteers from around the world, would be too expensive (and in cases of contagious conditions, dangerous) just to meet quotas. Very little research would be done....
@@mrhecker6875 ain't INFORMAL contraction am not; are not; is not. "if it ain't broke, don't fix it" has not; have not. "they ain't got nothing to say"
Another important point is the need for culturally responsive research. Some reasons why people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds find it difficult to participate in research are language barrier and absence of a "gatekeeper" that can speak the language of the participant or respond to their cultural needs. For example, a dietitian may be interested in dietary intake of people with chronic kidney disease but does not realise her participants may fast during the holy month of Ramadan. Language is particularly important to facilitate informed consent which confirms that the participant understands what is required of them and acts as the mutual agreement between the researcher and participant. Partnering with community leaders as interpreters and "gatekeeper" can help researchers understand the cultural needs of the group they intend to research.
There’s so many illnesses that we lack the technology to discover… people tend to forget that. *Just because they can’t figure out what’s doesn’t mean you’re fine!*
This video's director watched Michael Cohen surprisingly reveal to Congress, "The President did bad things," and thought to himself, "Cohen is so compelling!" And after watching Rachel Madow take 18 minutes to unveil two pages of tax returns, the director declared, "I must make videos in this style!" The world was forever changed.
Wouldn’t it be ideal to have a drug for someone of every ethnicity? So that you’re not just getting the best drug overall, but one catered to your race?
How about medical research carried out in Asia? Doesn't that skew towards Asians? It's more about the availability of scope of medicine and not some wilful negligence pandering to westerners
It would, but skewing can be done on purpose for the right reasons. A pharma company has to consider its target population: who is getting this disease and who will be taking the medicine? For instance, CVD medicine is tested in largely western populations, not in the Congo. Phase 1 safety testing for malaria vaccines in the EU is fine, but you'll have to test it in subsaharan africa if you want to showcase true efficacy. Stomach cancer trials on the other hand can more easily find study participants in certain parts of asia, as there it is more prevalent. Testing it on location just makes sense. You can also imagine that the Japanese FDA is more likely to value a trial involving a good subset of Japanese or east Asian people than westerners for the same drug.
@@Tinky1rs "You can also imagine that the Japanese FDA is more likely to value a trial involving a good subset of Japanese or east Asian people than westerners for the same drug." If you knew about Japanese culture you'd know they only accept drugs that have been tested on the Japanese because they believe themselves to be somehow special. To them testing on other East Asians is just as wrong as testing on Europeans.
@@Heightren I didn't get the vibe tho. It just stated the fact that most research is based on a very particular population that's a minority and this leads to loss of life and quality of life for everyone else because these medicines are often treated as universal
Also how they do the human trials. There are people who do them as their primary form of income. The issue is if they report negative responses to the medicine for the trial they are less likely to be hired for future trials. So to keep their "job" they often lie about negative reactions. Sorta defeating the purpose.
Ugggh the problem is that it's so profit driven and instead of care givers being part of industry leaders, they are in debt from school or from buying insurance to practice. The industry is run by finance people and stock traders!
I don't know much about the specifics of drug testing, but I do know quite a bit about testing and uncertainty in general. I imagine a big part of why they do this overly homogenous test group is (contrary to some peoples beliefs) not racism, but a desperate attempt to control the unknown variables. Allowing more diverse genes gives you a chance to see the deeper connecting, but to be sure you're actually seeing the connection and not statistical variation you have to have a much larger sample size, like orders of magnitude larger, it's simply not possible given the money that medical research have. I say the real fix to this would be to lower the amount of unknown variables by gaining a deeper understanding of the human genome, knowing exactly what a gene does means you could give an educated guess as to if this gene could be interacting with your drug
We’re only going to get better at it with time, but the time it takes will be significantly lessened if everyone contributes their voice. Believe you can change the world, and you just might, but nothing in life is guaranteed.
I haven't watched the video yet but I hope they make more reaearch on auto-immune diseases .. I hope that one day, no one gets to suffer like me right now
While I agree that more needs to be done to support comprehensive research, are you suggesting ethnic research subfields or a panacea soup of all etnicities moving forward? I foresee complications arising from both options, neither worse than the current structure but still something that should be carefully managed and financed. A lot of administration will need to be involved. I'll be honest I thought what was missing was the drive to cure sickness rather than treat sickness. Since there is more profit to be made treating people in long drawn out schemes to gouge a steady stream of money from people rather then just curing them outright for a one off payment.
Believe me, there might be more profit treating people than curing people, but if you find a cure, you also have a complete monopoly on that market for a while. Beyond that, the researchers doing the research itself is very likely not that profit driven. They are far more likely driven because they want to help, or enjoy this kind of work, and if the companies tried to suppress a cure, it would CERTAINLY be public knowledge rather quickly. Keeping a cure suppressed would likely kill the company. Cures are incredibly hard to do, because... well... the underlying problem of a condition or disease is very likely not easy to fix. Believe me, if they could fix diabetes with a magic cure, they would. The whole idea the WHOLE medical industry is THAT corrupt is nonsense. The larger companies might be more profit driven, but if they EVER stumbled on a potential cure, they'd release it, because not doing so is death for the company.
Agreed, and liked your point about what was missing was the drive to cure sickness. But as I understand, it's already very difficult, to get a drug from lab to market is one of the toughest job. Approx 12-15 years. And the people involved are doing all that they can to make sure that the treatment is right for the people. If we increase the complexity by adding one more subgroup of accurate representation of ethnicities, it would be taking longer time. I just wanted to present a holistic viewpoint, while I understand that more advanced methods of clinical research and trails should be done. But the overall tone of the video was the Pharma companies and research aren't doing enough. That is not the case, they are doing their best, with the rules and regulations that they have. Maybe you can share your viewpoints
@@neilaybhalerao8373 Sorry for the simplistic answer but I completely agree with you. To be clear, my intention was not to disparage the researchers who put in the effort, but rather those who influence their studies and have final say over the direction the results take. The fact that there is still debate over whether or not curing people is a viable business model still bothers me. It's just cold, what kind of world are these people living in that they openly argue these ideas so callously let alone have these ideas in the first place. More governmental financing instead of private funding to undertake disclosible parallel trials, improved education standards to increase the number of researchers, and better cooperation between countries covering the same research could reduce the time frame to a fraction of what it is now, as seen with the covid vaccine.
@@RidireOiche Not to mention how many fields and lives are ignored because they're not profitable. TB literally is the one of the biggest (if not first on the list) for life loss and yet it's completely treatable and almost extinct in the west.
@@chrismcgowan5180 Yes? It's literally just a group of people who share genes bro from having lived together... Or are you gonna ask if a subspecies is a scientific term with actual meaning too lol
Story became even complicated in regions like Uzbekistan where you cannot understand the origins of individuals caused by hundreds years of races and nationality mixture
Also the claim that it should be tested against everyone is a bit absurd many populations are distinct enough to be unique and you can't test your treatments on everyone. The reason most of the people it's tested on are European is because the countries with the researches and funding are mostly European and there there's some effort to test on other populations but you can't expect them to go bringing in people from abroad just to have a representative from some minority group. Larger groups should be considered, small ones not so much.
So that the bar for ethnicities participating almost matching perfectly the percentage of ethnicities living in Europe and the US combined shows there is a deep rooted racism inside academics that is overlooked even to this day? You are looking at a fact (ethnicities tested doesn't match worldwide populations) and then concluding something (racism). That is particularly bad logic. Do you really think that researchers turn away volunteers (which can be incredibly hard to get) based on factors like skin color and ethnicity? I VERY much doubt that. Especially in disease trials, getting enough people with the disease is hard enough in the first place.
@@SioxerNikita while their logic isn't sound, you can't state that medical science (like all academic institutions built by and for white men in the west) doesn't have racism or sexism in it. Medicine constantly defaults to a white man as a standard despite that being the minority of population and fails people miserably who aren't that. Or I suppose it's only sexist since AFAB ppl do make up half the population but can't even get their heart attacks diagnosed and female reproductive research is decades behind.
So averaging out test results would benefit more average target audiences? From that example, the dose will be still to low for the African brother and Still to high for the Asian brother. There is no one-size-fits all, which is exactly what is wrong with medicine, always looking for averages. As if the homeostatic person is the best norm to follow. It isn't. Everyone is different, and needs a different treatment.
@@bananaforscale1283 the point is that they're. This video is looking its own navel and is guilty of the very same bias it attributes to western research.
@@Kraven83 Why wouldn't western research have the appropriate representation of western society in them? Do you mean they want access to eastern research or they need to recreate it and that requires focusing on on Asian and African people?
@@Kraven83 They have money yes but these countries you mentioned here are miles behind the western countries in terms of technology and scientific knowledge.
I am a student from India and I want to go into the medical research field. One of my best options was to do mbbs first then go to this field but I didn't clear my entrance exam... I feel very upset... Are there any other ways I can get into research in this very field?
I really feel left aside hearing and seeing several testimonies from people on profits they make from Bitcoin/Forex Investment... Can someone recommend a good expert that trade on my behalf and generate profit for me
@Christopher Childress Yes you are right. Because few days ago I personally recommended Mrs Letton Deb to a lady who was ready to embark on forex/stock Investment
Most killing is not over the "0.1%", it is killing over cultural differences... most genocides weren't done because people were of a specific color, it was done because they were of a specific culture, or believed to be of the same color. Funnily enough, if we all worked together, we'd likely achieve far less than when we are competing. Competition is a very big part of innovation, because "being the best" is a big driver for a lot of people.
There is more behind the reason why so many people are underrepresented in medical research. When we talk about racism, we are often talking about racism within the same country or cultural circles in which countries share similar traits. But the problem of genetic diversity is worldwide. No matter how much DEI effort you put into Western countries when recruiting researchers and volunteers, it is not enough on a global scale because you can't get enough study subjects. The reason why Europeans are overrepresented is that most resources of medical research are concentrated in the richest parts of the world, which are Europe and countries outside Europe where Europeans are the dominant ethnicities. These countries also have the best social and political environments for new science to thrive, e.g. peace/stability, freedom of speech (which serves as the basis of academic freedom), democracy, high transparency of governments, etc. Outside the Western world, there are few places where all these requirements are met, such as Japan and Taiwan, and almost all of them are small countries. Other countries may be rich but too authoritarian, such as Middle Eastern oil giants and China (sort of), or there is democracy but too poor and infested with war and conflict. For example, while China may have a lot of money to put into drug development and the Chinese government does invest in it, its political environment restricts academic freedom, the political institutions lack transparency and nationalism is widespread. As a result, the pharmaceutical industry focuses too much on profit and all these drugs they develop are sh*t - just think of all these TCM injectables and the recent COVID vaccines. Solving this problem is not easy because it is mostly politics and the nastiest ones. It involves difficult geopolitics that few solutions are available.
I had my pharmacology exam last Thursday and trust me it is mind blowing to realise how much we've discovered in a few decades through research , but also worryingly tremendous how much medical knowledge and many solutions to severe problems we still lack .
hope you past your test!
@@Wolfy39565 I actually messed it up lol , thankfully I managed to pass the next one with flying colours and I won't be failing my year XD
@@CMA-he7pe good 👍 for you! Keep it up
Phase one is made mainly to test the drug toxicity, and it is done on small group of healthy volunteers
Exactly and one thing this video fails to mention, is that generalized medicine is not always a good option, specially in cancer. In cancer you want targeted therapy to help reduce side effects. As for diagnostics, while general markers are important, they need to also have specific markers attached, given that there is a lot of variability. Even the same type of cancer in between 2 people can be worlds apart, and may show up as negative in the standard general blood cancer biomarkers. Extrapolating from cardiology to oncology is a big step. I'm a bit disappointed they didn't approach this duality. It felt more like a publicity to that Lab in the UK, in order for them to get more grants, than actually explaining what are problems that medical research faces, such as understaffing from hospitals, lack of education from the general population in order to help understand how in a lot of cases patients are not "guinea pigs", that the difference of populations that you have in clinical trials is also due to different access people have to healthcare worldwide,... I usually love Ted-Ed videos and like sharing them. This one will definitely not be shared, as it doesn't have a decent quality.
@@marianacardoso7749 yup. Now, most research focus on personalised medicine. The use of omics highlight complexity and heterogeneity of cancer
It depends on the drug being tested. If it’s an anticlotting medication for those at high risk of a heart attack, then they’d probably go with healthy volunteers. But if it’s a new chemotherapy drug then a Phase 1 trial will probably be patients that all have whatever cancer they’re studying. And probably all have had treatment failure from whatever the standard of care is that’s already available. Even with Phase 1 trials you’re probably not going to see healthy volunteers taking chemo drugs.
@@jdeljones correction. Phase 1 trial is always healthy volunteer. I did it several times and some of them is for cancer drug with radioactive tracer. They will always start with very low dose. If healthy patient have problem with low dose, it means normal dose for patient will have worst side effects and problems. The drug will not pass the trial phase and need to go back to drawing board.
Phase 1 clinical trial get paid... at least in the UK. Good experience to meet new people, relax (if u dont mind drawing blood and controlled food intake) and money!
Some of them can have serious long term side effects. I've heard of psychiatric drugs causing incurable depression in normal test subjects.
A huge part of the problem is, with few exceptions, medical research doesn't have the funds to pay voluntaries. Underdeveloped countries are full to the brim with unemployed unskilled people desperate to find a source of income, yet they seldom get a chance to become a voluntary, unless they do it for free. For example, in America people can get paid $50 to donate plasma, but in South America you get a snack if you're lucky. Literally, a child size juice box and a tiny cookie. wtf
Becuase it encourages poor people to conduct experiments on, look up the history you'll see why we dont do this
Thas because blood selling is illegal in many countries
Some would call that questionable ethics. I mean, if you're allowed to accept cash for donation of blood and other things, isn't that just a way for rich people to buy what poor can't have.
@@stansman5461 I don't understand the ethical problem; rich people have always been able to afford what the poor can't. Developing countries don't offer a social safety net, so claiming responsibility of the State to provide its citizens is besides the point. Sure the State should prevent such situations, but it doesn't irl sopeople should be able to provide for themselves somehow. Better if in a legal manner.
In most of Europe you don't get paid to donate plasma. Only the US monetizes this.
Of course, part of the problem is that funding for research, whether private or from governments, is most available in affluent, Western coutries, while developing nations with a large percentage of the world population simply don't have the surplus available to invest in researching their populations.
... Or the desire to research. China, Korea, and Oil rich Arab countries could argue to have the funds.
@@shaynealbert Then why won't they do them?
@@shaynealbert I don't know when this bias against Asians will end. All these countries got rich just a few decades. They have invested very much in healthcare and research, you just can't make up for 200 years worth of research in 20 years. That is when you have people skilled enough to do that and infrastructure like new research facilities. It takes time. And then there's the question if it's the right resource allocation statergy. Should you invest in cutting edge research on diseases who's cure has not been found yet or should you spend on researching on cures that have already been found. China and the Arab states also have much bigger problems to deal with.
@@hemant4906 Not to mention that affluence also overlook what afflicts the poor. Millions die of TB but those who can afford TB research spend it on other diseases
Third world countries are like this because of first world ones. We are not just "uninterested and lacking resources'. In reality we have resources and interested workers, but our labor and resources are all getting taken from us.
Did... Did they use the steam messege sound effect?!
yes!
I was also checking my steam message 😂
This is just cruel ngl!
Timestamp?
@@jellomaster5629 1:23
Not to mention, most treatments are only tested on amab bodies, so we don't know how the effects may differ on the other half of the human population.
10% of women worldwide have endometriosis and barely anything is known about it
I think that there needs to be more medical research dedicated to disabilities like cerebral palsy and MS
If they’re genetic diseases, we know what we need to fix them and the process by which we’d do it, just not how to do it precisely. As we type, they’re working on figuring that out.
Parkinson, tremors, cancer, AIDS, HIV list goes on. Better treatment has come from the research being done and it's always evolving however there still needs to be more work to be done.
@Austin Ross yes, we know it already. Prevention of inheritance by educating people that may have the copies of the allele of their risk of causing human suffered. Honestly if you have the likelihood of passing a genetic disorder and have kids, it's like throwing a chainsaw at a group of preschoolers. Maybe they'll keep all their limbs, maybe they won't.
1:19 thought i got a steam notification xd
04:02 : Warfarin, never suited me (coming from South Asia) when I began taking the dosage as instructed by the hematologist. Changed the dosage amount couple of times for no good, at times it resulted the blood to become way too more thin and was required to take Vitamin-K injection as emergency in midnight! While, at times the blood was too thick due to 'Warfarin's effectiveness affected even by the food I consumed.
At last, have to settle with another drug 'Dabigatran', and it works quite well for a good 2 years now!
Just in 5 minutes so much clear knowledge. Even textbooks ain't this informative and understandable. Such a great help and job by TED-ED. Thanks!
Tell me, what else did you learn that's not "scientists need more genetic material of non-European ethnicities to apply appropriate treatement"?
This is super basic, and is being taught everywhere...
This isn't a "WOOO WE CAN FIX IT EASILY", because it requires a lot of volunteer's. Notice how the graph corresponds pretty well to the population in Europe and America?
You can't FORCE people to get a condition, nor can you FORCE people to be volunteers.
So this is a pretty darn well known, and really super basic thing in medical science. It is simply not easy to fix. We can't ship in volunteers from around the world, would be too expensive (and in cases of contagious conditions, dangerous) just to meet quotas. Very little research would be done....
Ain't isn't a word David
@@mrhecker6875
ain't
INFORMAL
contraction
am not; are not; is not.
"if it ain't broke, don't fix it"
has not; have not.
"they ain't got nothing to say"
Women are severely underrepresented in medical research. I would love to see a video touching on this issue
That beep beep at 1:19 had me check for steam chat
Medical exams a hundred years for now are gonna be real tough, I think
oh god that took me a second to understand
I thought you meant medical exams as in, like, screenings
Another important point is the need for culturally responsive research. Some reasons why people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds find it difficult to participate in research are language barrier and absence of a "gatekeeper" that can speak the language of the participant or respond to their cultural needs. For example, a dietitian may be interested in dietary intake of people with chronic kidney disease but does not realise her participants may fast during the holy month of Ramadan. Language is particularly important to facilitate informed consent which confirms that the participant understands what is required of them and acts as the mutual agreement between the researcher and participant. Partnering with community leaders as interpreters and "gatekeeper" can help researchers understand the cultural needs of the group they intend to research.
The animation and sound are a true testament to the team's skill and creativity 🌟
There’s so many illnesses that we lack the technology to discover… people tend to forget that. *Just because they can’t figure out what’s doesn’t mean you’re fine!*
Damned be the man who chose the steam message sound effect as the bleeping sound! 1:20
Man, idk how much that trombonist got paid, but it wasn't enough. What a gorgeous tone!
Ethics.
Integrity, honesty and just basic human decency ( not being too greedy)
The art, style, animation and sound are are on another level!
Truth and transparency.
As a person who is student of b.harmacy i love the way this video explain clinical trials and drug development process❤❤
It’s so weird when you recognise a song playing as an outro of another TH-cam channel
This is why its called the practice of medicine not the art
No quote at the start of video :(
Well 0.1% of something huge is still HUGE
Why no quote at the beginning of the video?
It's so interesting i watched this so many time I really love this. 💕
Thank you
The problem is, most of these researches happen in European countries(USA and Canada also)
This video's director watched Michael Cohen surprisingly reveal to Congress, "The President did bad things," and thought to himself, "Cohen is so compelling!" And after watching Rachel Madow take 18 minutes to unveil two pages of tax returns, the director declared, "I must make videos in this style!"
The world was forever changed.
Wouldn’t it be ideal to have a drug for someone of every ethnicity? So that you’re not just getting the best drug overall, but one catered to your race?
Some people would probably cry segregation.
What's your source for 2:54??
How about medical research carried out in Asia? Doesn't that skew towards Asians? It's more about the availability of scope of medicine and not some wilful negligence pandering to westerners
Most Asian research id sone by Japan as they can afford to do this. Though South Korea is developing in this area and China is trying to catch up.
It would, but skewing can be done on purpose for the right reasons. A pharma company has to consider its target population: who is getting this disease and who will be taking the medicine?
For instance, CVD medicine is tested in largely western populations, not in the Congo. Phase 1 safety testing for malaria vaccines in the EU is fine, but you'll have to test it in subsaharan africa if you want to showcase true efficacy.
Stomach cancer trials on the other hand can more easily find study participants in certain parts of asia, as there it is more prevalent. Testing it on location just makes sense.
You can also imagine that the Japanese FDA is more likely to value a trial involving a good subset of Japanese or east Asian people than westerners for the same drug.
@@Tinky1rs That's what I wanted to get to. Skewing isn't inherently bad, as it seemed to be portrayed in this video.
@@Tinky1rs
"You can also imagine that the Japanese FDA is more likely to value a trial involving a good subset of Japanese or east Asian people than westerners for the same drug."
If you knew about Japanese culture you'd know they only accept drugs that have been tested on the Japanese because they believe themselves to be somehow special. To them testing on other East Asians is just as wrong as testing on Europeans.
@@Heightren I didn't get the vibe tho. It just stated the fact that most research is based on a very particular population that's a minority and this leads to loss of life and quality of life for everyone else because these medicines are often treated as universal
Also how they do the human trials. There are people who do them as their primary form of income. The issue is if they report negative responses to the medicine for the trial they are less likely to be hired for future trials. So to keep their "job" they often lie about negative reactions. Sorta defeating the purpose.
Professional Test Subject sounds pretty dystopian
There are (or should be) checks for that.
Also how we don't research things that don't immediately affect us anymore but end most lives in this world (Tuberculosis)
Also there is an issue with not using enough women
1:19 Steam Chat Notification sounds?
Counter point : A lot of people of non European descent live in Europe, so I don't really see why is descent an issue.
Ugggh the problem is that it's so profit driven and instead of care givers being part of industry leaders, they are in debt from school or from buying insurance to practice. The industry is run by finance people and stock traders!
I don't know much about the specifics of drug testing, but I do know quite a bit about testing and uncertainty in general. I imagine a big part of why they do this overly homogenous test group is (contrary to some peoples beliefs) not racism, but a desperate attempt to control the unknown variables. Allowing more diverse genes gives you a chance to see the deeper connecting, but to be sure you're actually seeing the connection and not statistical variation you have to have a much larger sample size, like orders of magnitude larger, it's simply not possible given the money that medical research have.
I say the real fix to this would be to lower the amount of unknown variables by gaining a deeper understanding of the human genome, knowing exactly what a gene does means you could give an educated guess as to if this gene could be interacting with your drug
love this channel !!!!
We’re only going to get better at it with time, but the time it takes will be significantly lessened if everyone contributes their voice. Believe you can change the world, and you just might, but nothing in life is guaranteed.
There is no control group in phase 1
I haven't watched the video yet but I hope they make more reaearch on auto-immune diseases .. I hope that one day, no one gets to suffer like me right now
Wow, I have an exam in complex diseases and population wide studies tomorrow, is this a coincidence?
I though I was getting steam notification at 1:20 💀
While I agree that more needs to be done to support comprehensive research, are you suggesting ethnic research subfields or a panacea soup of all etnicities moving forward? I foresee complications arising from both options, neither worse than the current structure but still something that should be carefully managed and financed. A lot of administration will need to be involved.
I'll be honest I thought what was missing was the drive to cure sickness rather than treat sickness. Since there is more profit to be made treating people in long drawn out schemes to gouge a steady stream of money from people rather then just curing them outright for a one off payment.
Believe me, there might be more profit treating people than curing people, but if you find a cure, you also have a complete monopoly on that market for a while.
Beyond that, the researchers doing the research itself is very likely not that profit driven. They are far more likely driven because they want to help, or enjoy this kind of work, and if the companies tried to suppress a cure, it would CERTAINLY be public knowledge rather quickly.
Keeping a cure suppressed would likely kill the company.
Cures are incredibly hard to do, because... well... the underlying problem of a condition or disease is very likely not easy to fix.
Believe me, if they could fix diabetes with a magic cure, they would.
The whole idea the WHOLE medical industry is THAT corrupt is nonsense.
The larger companies might be more profit driven, but if they EVER stumbled on a potential cure, they'd release it, because not doing so is death for the company.
Agreed, and liked your point about what was missing was the drive to cure sickness.
But as I understand, it's already very difficult, to get a drug from lab to market is one of the toughest job. Approx 12-15 years. And the people involved are doing all that they can to make sure that the treatment is right for the people.
If we increase the complexity by adding one more subgroup of accurate representation of ethnicities, it would be taking longer time.
I just wanted to present a holistic viewpoint, while I understand that more advanced methods of clinical research and trails should be done. But the overall tone of the video was the Pharma companies and research aren't doing enough. That is not the case, they are doing their best, with the rules and regulations that they have.
Maybe you can share your viewpoints
@@neilaybhalerao8373 Sorry for the simplistic answer but I completely agree with you. To be clear, my intention was not to disparage the researchers who put in the effort, but rather those who influence their studies and have final say over the direction the results take. The fact that there is still debate over whether or not curing people is a viable business model still bothers me. It's just cold, what kind of world are these people living in that they openly argue these ideas so callously let alone have these ideas in the first place.
More governmental financing instead of private funding to undertake disclosible parallel trials, improved education standards to increase the number of researchers, and better cooperation between countries covering the same research could reduce the time frame to a fraction of what it is now, as seen with the covid vaccine.
@@RidireOiche Not to mention how many fields and lives are ignored because they're not profitable. TB literally is the one of the biggest (if not first on the list) for life loss and yet it's completely treatable and almost extinct in the west.
There's another, much bigger issue - What's profitable drives what's being researched, rather than actual needs.
Exactly. Tuberculosis is treatable and not even an issue in the west yet first on the list worldwide for lives taken
Maybe it's just me or something, but the music didn't really fit or something. There was something off.
Thought the same. The jazzy elevator music didn't fit the topic.
This is not a medical question but a economic one.
is it? are we so sure, that 'ethnicity' is a scientific term with actual meaning?
@@chrismcgowan5180 Yes? It's literally just a group of people who share genes bro from having lived together... Or are you gonna ask if a subspecies is a scientific term with actual meaning too lol
@@crazydragy4233 well it's not a term, it clearly only exists in sociology. Lol.
Group of people living together = africa. GEt a grip my boy
Important topic!
Video in one sentence
We need diversity when it comes to our medical human ginepigs.
Ima coin this quote.
*This video is missing the opening quote!*
Ethnicity is not only the main part of medical work but their lifestyle and genetics are. So, ethnicity might be referred.
Ethnicity is just a shorthand for genetics... Ethnicity is literally human subspecies and those are constantly referenced in the animal world
Story became even complicated in regions like Uzbekistan where you cannot understand the origins of individuals caused by hundreds years of races and nationality mixture
Also the claim that it should be tested against everyone is a bit absurd many populations are distinct enough to be unique and you can't test your treatments on everyone.
The reason most of the people it's tested on are European is because the countries with the researches and funding are mostly European and there there's some effort to test on other populations but you can't expect them to go bringing in people from abroad just to have a representative from some minority group.
Larger groups should be considered, small ones not so much.
Aaand this is why TB is one of the worst enemies of human kind yet the west lives blissfully past it while millions die elsewhere
Here we go, francis galton would be proud,
Eugenics next stop, all aboard
Does anyone hear CalebCity’s old outro?
It's almost as if there's an institutional, deep rooted racism inside academics that is overlooked even to this day! Who would've thought?
Yes, India, Japan and China really don't have the money and the universities to develop treatments and drugs tailored to Asian needs.
There isn't. Europe, USA and Australia are just more developped and mainly consist of white people.
So that the bar for ethnicities participating almost matching perfectly the percentage of ethnicities living in Europe and the US combined shows there is a deep rooted racism inside academics that is overlooked even to this day?
You are looking at a fact (ethnicities tested doesn't match worldwide populations) and then concluding something (racism).
That is particularly bad logic. Do you really think that researchers turn away volunteers (which can be incredibly hard to get) based on factors like skin color and ethnicity? I VERY much doubt that. Especially in disease trials, getting enough people with the disease is hard enough in the first place.
@@SioxerNikita while their logic isn't sound, you can't state that medical science (like all academic institutions built by and for white men in the west) doesn't have racism or sexism in it. Medicine constantly defaults to a white man as a standard despite that being the minority of population and fails people miserably who aren't that. Or I suppose it's only sexist since AFAB ppl do make up half the population but can't even get their heart attacks diagnosed and female reproductive research is decades behind.
I don’t think I get it . Why could scientists find the cause of the disease through 0.1% differences of our DNA? How ? I lost in that part
is it me or that ted talk used the steam notification sound t 1:19? Thought i was being spammed for a sec lol
1:20 steam message sound 😯
So how can we help the medical community, in recording our stories?
And how do you donate all that information?
but money dictates medical treatment
i'm a greg foot cultist
The more you know!
calebcity outro lol
this might get flagged as racial discrimination, implementers should be careful
Well that simple enough
where can i find a book to read
Reference Man strikes again
wait, why are europeans getting sick more during the tests?
that's because most research is done in the usa
Is this the new medical specialization called networkology?
What does he mean by *stories*????
Climat challenges that favored specific genes, inbeeding, hereditary illnesses etc.
a lot of medical research takes place using animals, which can pose a serious problem when developing a drug for humans
To be overlooked
Manual
Expanding
Uncover
General popularion
Various
Spot the different
Descent
Key bit
Trials clinical
Ensure
What’s missing in medical research?! 😂
How about looking for cures instead of treatments, oh, & let it be free/affordable to those who need it!
how to turn the world into your free lab experiment...
So averaging out test results would benefit more average target audiences? From that example, the dose will be still to low for the African brother and Still to high for the Asian brother. There is no one-size-fits all, which is exactly what is wrong with medicine, always looking for averages. As if the homeostatic person is the best norm to follow. It isn't. Everyone is different, and needs a different treatment.
1:19 who keeps texting me on steam?
The power of knowledge and money centered in Europe and N.America. So they basically focus on their people and their genes. That's inevitable.
You really think India, Japan, China and the middle east don't have the money necessary?
@@Kraven83 If they do why aren't they making their own research?
@@bananaforscale1283 the point is that they're. This video is looking its own navel and is guilty of the very same bias it attributes to western research.
@@Kraven83 Why wouldn't western research have the appropriate representation of western society in them? Do you mean they want access to eastern research or they need to recreate it and that requires focusing on on Asian and African people?
@@Kraven83 They have money yes but these countries you mentioned here are miles behind the western countries in terms of technology and scientific knowledge.
Evidence.
The small genetic differences between humans and society's need for labels are the foundation of racism. Who would have thought?
I am a student from India and I want to go into the medical research field. One of my best options was to do mbbs first then go to this field but I didn't clear my entrance exam... I feel very upset... Are there any other ways I can get into research in this very field?
I really feel left aside hearing and seeing several testimonies from people on profits they make from Bitcoin/Forex Investment... Can someone recommend a good expert that trade on my behalf and generate profit for me
Who is this Mrs Letton Deb everyone is talking about and how do i contact her directly?
@Christopher Childress Yes you are right. Because few days ago I personally recommended Mrs Letton Deb to a lady who was ready to embark on forex/stock Investment
Wow can't believe you guys also know expert Mrs Letton Deb
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We are 99.9% the same but we kill each other over the 0.1%. Imagine how far we would be if we all worked together.
That's not really true. Most homicide is committed by someone of the same race.
@@funkydiscogod race doesnt exist
@@chrismcgowan5180 You missed the point of the video.
Most killing is not over the "0.1%", it is killing over cultural differences... most genocides weren't done because people were of a specific color, it was done because they were of a specific culture, or believed to be of the same color.
Funnily enough, if we all worked together, we'd likely achieve far less than when we are competing.
Competition is a very big part of innovation, because "being the best" is a big driver for a lot of people.
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The last time europeans wanted to .ake reserch on noneuropeans was around 1945 but not everyone agreed
Even the pills are ethnically based 😂
There is more behind the reason why so many people are underrepresented in medical research. When we talk about racism, we are often talking about racism within the same country or cultural circles in which countries share similar traits. But the problem of genetic diversity is worldwide. No matter how much DEI effort you put into Western countries when recruiting researchers and volunteers, it is not enough on a global scale because you can't get enough study subjects.
The reason why Europeans are overrepresented is that most resources of medical research are concentrated in the richest parts of the world, which are Europe and countries outside Europe where Europeans are the dominant ethnicities. These countries also have the best social and political environments for new science to thrive, e.g. peace/stability, freedom of speech (which serves as the basis of academic freedom), democracy, high transparency of governments, etc. Outside the Western world, there are few places where all these requirements are met, such as Japan and Taiwan, and almost all of them are small countries. Other countries may be rich but too authoritarian, such as Middle Eastern oil giants and China (sort of), or there is democracy but too poor and infested with war and conflict.
For example, while China may have a lot of money to put into drug development and the Chinese government does invest in it, its political environment restricts academic freedom, the political institutions lack transparency and nationalism is widespread. As a result, the pharmaceutical industry focuses too much on profit and all these drugs they develop are sh*t - just think of all these TCM injectables and the recent COVID vaccines.
Solving this problem is not easy because it is mostly politics and the nastiest ones. It involves difficult geopolitics that few solutions are available.
Bad statistics...
So you admit that there are demonstrable genetic differences between ethnicities?
pharmacogenetics
I wonder if someone could misinterpret this video as being "woke". Eh, someone probably made a video "debunking" it.
Global NORTH .
Jay shrila prabhupad ki jay
Virtue signaling