The Bible and Western Culture - Luther and the Reformation
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 ส.ค. 2020
- You can find Luther's work here amzn.to/3dsAnY3
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Dr. Michael Sugrue earned his BA at the University of Chicago and PhD at Columbia University.
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Literally the best lectures online.
sugrue and sapolsky
W
There's an spanish professor who is great Ernesto Castro
Hello Dr. Sugrue, I don't know if these words find you. But these lectures have become an integral part of my life and motivated me very much to read more. Also I am pretty sure you are one of the most well read person I have ever heard speak. Very inspiring, Sir. Hope you are doing well!
Yes
I believe Dr Sugrue passed away about a year ago or so, unfortunately. Just letting you know.
Very talented man that he was.
@@JoseVargas-bj1wd Yeah I heard. It was very upsetting. But I am glad we have his lectures as his legacy! May he Rest In Peace.
The man says "uhm" less times in the dozen lectures I've watched than I do brushing my teeth in the morning. What a magnificent orator.
These lectures are pure gold, I especially appreciate lectures on Marcus Aurelius and Kierkegaard, but all of them is just pure gold.
Dr Sugure's transformation into peak SNL Norm MacDonald is almost complete /s. Seriously, this is one of the most brightest and accessible minds I have had the privilege of listening to. Thank you Professor!
Sorry, could you explain the sarcasm or what you are referring to? I’m genuinely confused.
@@ok-kk3ic Norm MacDonald from Saturday Night Live. I could see him doing a Sugrue comedy sketch...
Your lectures have inspired me to get a master's degree in intellectual history after undergrad. I was gonna get it in classical history, but your lectures have made ideas irresistibly interesting. Thank you for uploading these.
Live forever Dr Michael Sugrue...peace to your loved ones, and beneficiaries. Love from SierraLeone.
I got hooked on your meditations lecture that was on another channel, glad to subscribe to your channel and enjoying the other lectures thanks
Rhe depth of Knoledge of this guy on ANY literature and his ability for concise, fresh and neutral explenation is amazing.
hes a living example of passion
Thank you, Prof Sugrue, for a great lecture.
Excellent stuff. Really importantly put in context of western political history.
Thank you again.
Awesome lecture on Martin Luther, beautifully presented. Thank you for putting this series on TH-cam!
I deeply congratulate you for such a mind 🎉, such a capacity and fluidity to explain and simplify Ideas.
I have learnt a great deal from you!!
God bless you professor 🙏
What an amazing set of lectures. We will be forever grateful for this knowledge bestowed upon us. God knows how much of an impact these videos will have on the future of the human race. making these sets of ideas accessible for any and all, will probably shape and inspire countless great minds into becoming the fullest they can possibly imagine.
Many thanks for your lectures. This was great.
Excellent lecture! Thank you!
Thank you Dr. Surgue
Thank You!
You used to prepare really well then. I hope to see you back on your best intelectual shape soon. Younglins like myself, need you.
Great lecture 🙏
1. New conception of salvation
2. Sacrament
3. Conection beweent faith and work
Grateful ❤
"Reason is the Devil's whore" - Luther. The way Mr. Sugrue delivers that line is just fantastic :) Its somewhere in the first 3rd of the lecture
9:32
In Robert Bolt’s play “A Man for all Seasons”, Thomas More denied having written the book and put the entire project on the King himself.
Absolutely brilliant.
I'm always looking for new interesting lectures on Psychology/Philosophy, please let me know if you guys have any recommendations, would be highly appreciated
Brilliant lecture. Individuation (or development of the ego) is derived from self-awareness. "Cogito ergo sum" is an observation. We observe that we are present to our thoughts (which can be doubted), yet that observance allows us to conclude that we exist. It is not a claim that thinking=being. Descartes reduces the world to the inner experience, but also builds upon that singular truth in what seems to be an attempt to resolve the problem of intersubjectivity. All in all, Descartes seems to follow in the Platonic tradition vis a vis the participation of the forms with physical reality. However, it is obvious that Descartes' Meditations have no force or meaning if we do not have a direct connection to God.
man-is this guy a genius! never seen anything like it-david berlinski even pales
Excellent.
I like your bach brandenburg no.2 intro. Just as good as the more popular brandenburg no3. ( i think he was Lutheran too"
Yesterday I watched a Joe Rogan podcast on cobalt mining in the Congo, but really if we seek to understand, Chinese imperialism in Africa is with the same intent. We may well impose our morality on Nature, but there is a rational order to the Universe. Everything is with Reason.
the Best
Excellent explanation of the root of Lutheranism
Is the battle at the beginning of the Bhagavad Gita not between the finite and the infinite? Dionysus and Apollo, and Reason is the only thing that can end that war, what Hobbes described as a perpetual war of the mind. Stoicism is about finding that balance. Reason and virtue. The only thing that makes something virtue or vice is our use of it.
I don't know, what about Don Quijote and the end of the cast of knights and the rise of the bourgeois?? Or Henry the sailor and the coming of the "age of discoverys"? Luther was and is a Big thing, I don't think the biggest.
I was out on a midnight hike with a couple friends when lighting crashed so close in front of us that I was temporarily blinded. I think our feeling was not panic but wasn't that wild. I dont think I can be a kindred spirit with Luther. We're different stuff.
much of what drives religious thought is the fear of death. At least, religions that use rewards/punishment in the afterlife as an argument
I love these lectures. I would like to point out that the Roman Catholic Church branches off of the Orthodox Church, not the other way around.
No, that’s incorrect
Both are equally guilty of pride, avarice, and driving people away from God by trying to take His place. I see many unwise people in a mad rush to take credit for failure. I say this to you both. You still cling to your petty sectarian bickering while the world reeks to high Heaven. You think yourself above the bloodshed of the Reformation, but it is your kind that eagerly take part, throwing around meaningless political symbols that are of no interest to God. The Word is far from you; all you have are words.
Look up the year 1054
But were all his conclusions not derived from the use of Reason 🤔
Dear Prof. Sugrue and others, @33:25 "The epistle of James is an epistle of straw". The book of James is in complete agreement with Pauline thought. When Paul (in English translation) uses the word "works", he means those good deeds that PRECEDE salvation. When James uses the word "works", he means those good deeds that PROCEED from salvation. Even Luther, as brilliant as he was, did not get this. He kept a journal while translating the New Testament and wrote that he contemplated leaving the epistle of James out of the New Testament @35:00. Gore Vidal, who was no Christian, also said that James and Paul contradict each other, but, again, neither Luther nor Vidal realized the significance of deeds that precede and deeds that proceed. What I am saying is not sophistry. When I first read the NT after my salvation, I noticed an apparent contradiction between James and Paul on the subject of works, but the "precede/proceed" argument does account for the apparent contradiction. Once we are indwelt by the Holy Spirit, our behavior improves. Not all at once, but gradually. This is what Protestants mean by "sanctification". Catholics conflate salvation and sanctification. They think salvation is a lifelong process. Romans 11:5,6 points out that works and grace are mutually exclusive. Anyway, great lecture as always. Sometimes, I have to set the video at .75 speed because you say so much so quickly.
You’re totally just reading that distinction into the text to justify what you want to be true. As a Catholic I read it differently. And thanks to Sola Scriptura there isn’t any way to decide which of us is right under your logic.
@@Christiancatholic7 You argue for your own sake rather than the sake of the Truth.
@@pearz420 You’re projecting your own flaw. Your argument is to justify yourself as the only one who can determine truth, hence making yourself God. My argument is that I cannot determine truth on my own, in fact that truth is determined externally through the mechanism of Christ’s Body
There was an Italian reformation in Northern Italy that was wiped out by the Roman Inquisition. Blessings.
If so thank God
@@Christiancatholic7 Do you condone the Roman Inquisition? 1 John 4:20 If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?
@@jamessheffield4173 I do condone it for those times as it’s what the Church said to do. And it wasn’t based on hate but on love for their souls. The person just had to repent to be released. Only if they persisted in heresy were they subjected to investigation by the Inquisition. If they persisted then they endangered everyone in society, and as we see with the revolution Luther started that killed millions they were not wrong about that
@@Christiancatholic7 IOW If the mayor of Vatican City asks you to kill someone, you will do it? This is personal My grandfather told my mother how can I respect a "church" that burned Giardino Bruno at the stake? John 3:15: Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life in him.
@@Christiancatholic7 You mean the millions killed by the RCC in response to losing their power? lol. That's like some abusive husband blaming the wife for "making him beat her cause she won't listen."🤣🤣🤣
The reformers has problems of their own, but the problems got smaller as they became progressively more separated from Rome. Most of the other problems came from the secular European governments in Protestant countries. The secular elites in Europe had their own agendas and would have executed those agendas the same way regardless of what church they associated with.
Time has shown that Lutheranism is near to disappearing while Catholicism has grown. By their fruits you will know them.
Ein Feste Burg
33:43 - 34:00 Luther's cognitive dissonance
34:52 summary
27:57
Hegel was a Lutheran? Didn't Hegel say that Reason and faith are one and the same? I say that the Devil and God are one and the same. The only thing that can separate the individual from the herd is Reason.
Was his work not the height of hypocrisy? One does not become enlightened by imaging figures of light but by making the darkness conscious - Carl Jung.
I agree with him that only certain people have free will, that makes the ones that don't lower animals, does it not? And the purpose of Christianity was to farm those lower animals. But the Romans and Alexander had the same intent. " Are you still to learn that the end and perfection of our victories is to avoid the imperfections and infirmities of those we subdue" - Alexander.
As an Eastern Orthodox Christian, at least on the topic of Christological and theological issues and their fruits, it is fascinating that, many of the conclusion people come to like papalist, Lutheranism, etc. all stem from a misunderstand of Christ’s Nature and The philosophy of the trinity.
Orthodox ain’t correct. If it were there would be a Pope who kept you all on the same page. As it is it’s chaos over there the same as with the Prots albeit not as bad
@@Christiancatholic7 Yes, that's why Catholicism has been splitting into more and more increasingly nutty sects starting with Protestantism and Orthodoxy hasn't.
@@bakshev Russia
Dr. Sugrue would have played a better Bane for Nolan.
A wounderfull nourishing meal
I reliise how much i have forgotten and much i never knew
Its better the sex
Luther was necessary and was a great historical leader. His revelation around grace, faith and the Word of God was pioneering.
Luther was a tool of Satan. He was wrong
I would go so far as to say he was inevitable.
@@pearz420 I would agree. As Jesus said ‘The offense must come, but woe to the one by whom it comes’
After questioning a major power in society at that time, it's hard to believe that Luther did not foresee, at least at little bit, into the future massive hecatombs this would produce.
Superb historical figure, no doubt.
Schadenfreude everytime middlemen are exposed.
Luther is one of history’s great villains
So true!
The more I learn about individuals like Martin Luther and a ton of other major players in our history, the more I am amazed just how much our lives are influenced by the mentally ill.
At that level of abstraction that Luther, and other individuals who have influenced our collective Western culture to that degree, I think we can disregard notions of mental illness. If not, we have to also investigate the alcoholism of Churchill, Rousseau's hedonism or Kant's phobias, and pinpoint how that influenced the shape of their ideas. .
@@bacchusinstituteofscience8650 but ML had serious hallucinations . WEIRD ones. he was obviously insane. much of the time he was "climbing the walls" insane. and people like alexander the great, and a few others, who believed it was his destiny to conquer the world and kill so many people in the name of his destiny. churchill and Rousseau were flawed but hardly insane. kant is arguable. lol many of our religious figures appear to have been insane. people like alexander that believe it is his right to conquer are insane in my view. hitler, many royals. :)
and people forget these people were sick and put them on pedestals as great men instead of simply historical important men
and the medicine men and witch doctor types in early history were often people that were actually insane, but they were the right kind of inane, I guess lol
@@yddub111 that is why i said at this level of analysis it is pointless to argue who is and who isn't sane. Any sane person would never have pushed themselves to the extremes necessary to, a) accumulate the linguistic repertoire to express such complex ideas, b) spend the time and effort to read all the necessary literature, and last but not least c) have the conviction in their beliefs to challenge the powers at be based on these, arguably heretical beliefs at the time. The point i am making, is that the embodied role model that such figures manifest is not normal. If they were not "insane", the rest of their insights would not have occurred ... dosen't mean they are wrong.
@@bacchusinstituteofscience8650 oh, I was not saying anyone in particular was wrong or not. Just that it is scary just how much we are influenced by truly messed up people. Some of them, of course, are brilliant. This is still scary to ponder because some of them are just charismatic and so many people out "there" today, and throughout history follow them. I am mostly just thinking out loud :)
like the conquerors throughout history . It is hard for me to understand how these people find so many to follow them. many in history have been pretty obviously insane . And evil, yet people follow them ,support them, or just push their agendas in some way
Reactionary is the opposite of revolutionary
Johannes Gutenberg, not Martin Luther, made the Protestant Reformation. Luther had his predecessors - they were burned at the stake (This game had been played all the way back to the first Christians). His Saxon handlers (who saved him from the stake) were running this show, Luther was just the mouthpiece. The notion this dissident priest kicked off the Reformation by nailing something up at a local church in some backwater is absurd. It wasn't 8 weeks after he nailed up that handwritten version in a stunt they were printing out copies as far as Switzerland. Thousands and thousands were being printed distributed across hundreds of miles. The scholar pays lip service to printing but fact is, it was ALL printing... funding by his benefactors who had political skin in the game. Revolution is the masses, and by the time Luther came along there was more literacy and a method of mass marketing his propaganda, I mean... ideas, to a new reading public. You can order the destruction of heretical source material in the days of scrolls and scribes, such as the Gnostic texts, try it after Gutenberg where a couple of guys working a long night can print and disseminate 3000 broadsides. Why Lenin and his 30+ Bolsheviks spent piles of Kaiser Wilhelm II's money (tens of millions of marks) on batteries of printing presses to flood the post-Feb Revolution urban zone with their propaganda. The medium IS the message. He might as well have invented telepathy. As Luther himself said, "Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.” Of course it was! It made Luther a one-man German national television station/radio/bookstore. Beyond that, with people reading now... well, the lock on literacy is off, the genie is out of the bottle, hermeneutics is now a game the local blacksmith can play and become a minister.
The Black Death ended the Middle Ages, not some hothead theologian. In fact I would go so far as Philip Ziegler and say "Modern man was formed in the crucible of the Black Death." Camille Paglia has a point here (although i would throw in Athenian democracy, which made Athens decadent and broke, ripe for Macedonian conquest):
"The Athenian plague, I argued, brought high classicism to an end. The
Black Death worked in reverse, giving birth to the Renaissance by destroying the Middle Ages. Christianity’s failure to protect the
good damaged Church authority and opened the way for the Reformation. I think the grossness and squalor of plague broke the Christian taboo on display of the body. Pagan nudity reappeared in its anguished Hellenistic form of torture, massacre, and decay. By reducing persons to bodies, the plague put personality into a purely physical or secular dimension. I begin Renaissance art with the shock of the Black Death. Public ugliness and exhibitionism unmoralized the body and prepared it for its reidealization in painting and sculpture. Boccaccio’s plague-framed Decameron, the first work of Renaissance literature, is an epic of cultural disintegration and renewal."
It's like Tsar Alexander abdicating after biblical defeats in WWI... when you're the authority when it all goes to hell, that authority is shaken. Speak of authority... Of course Luther was an authoritarian... just his kind of authority and the authorities he needed to forge his alliances (he was more a German national than a Christian in my view). Like Marx he dropped out of law because law was not authoritarian enough, these are men who want to make law! His anti-Semitism is among the most virulent and murderous you will ever read. Of course he wants to spotlight John, the most spiritual of the Gospels and the one focusing on "the Word" and condemning of Jews ("The Jews" is used 71 times in John and only 16 in the Synoptics). He is certainly not going to tell the newfound reading public to waste their time on the Jew Gospel (Matthew) or the ur-Gospel Mark. As for the Pauline Epistles, Nietzsche is a wonderful German counter to Luther on that franchising hustler. Christianity is not Christian in the ur-Christian sense (the "pillars" of the Church in Jerusalem, the first Christians (Nietzsche famously said "There was only one Christian and he died on the Cross."), it is Pauline. And it was Paul who fought off the Jewish contingent in Jerusalem over dietary law/circumcision, etc, They rightfully regarded it as a Jews-for-Jesus cult, Gentiles not wanted (unless they converted), Paul changed that. From the bullshit of the rapture to inclusion of Gentiles (Jesus refers to a gentile Canaanite woman as a dog in Matthew 15:21-28) and doing away with Mosaic Law, from proto-Orthodox Christianity to today Christians are the result of Paul's theology (well, Paul and the other hustlers who wrote letters in his name). No wonder Luther loved him. Religion is a hustle, like everything else.
"Here I stand. I can do no other" is considered by scholars to have never been said, just another fine example of propaganda. Print that 20,000 times and distribute it across cities, you have a hero. Those words were not recorded by witnesses at the Diet of Worms and were inserted LATER in printed versions of the speech and before "May God help me." Frederick III secured him safe conduct to and from the meeting, and had him intercepted after leaving and put up in a castle (where he subsequently went wild with his radical writings), he was not some kind of death-defying hero. He had a ticket to ride in his back pocket, just like Lenin who fled Russia to Finland during the July Days after his April Theses (funny how this all happens again and again) sparked a coup against the Provisional Govt. Norman Cohn writes about this phenomenon in "The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages." Radical Christians... communists... same thing, just served up differently. It is almost eerie how similar Martin Luther and the Peasant Revolts are to the Bolsheviks and the "kulaks" ("bitter clingers" if you will). The Russian peasants were initially for the Bolsheviks (after all, they're going to get all that land redistributed from the land-owning nobles right?). Of course the man who wrote “If you do not do this you are not now a Christian" is going to side with the sword. He was as authoritarian as it gets! It's God's grace, sure, but Luther is the middleman, just ask him!
Hegel was raised a Lutheran and he adored the French Revolution, though it's more complicated with Hegel. Hegel was in trouble at least twice for Republicanism... professorships were govt jobs in Germany, he was reprimanded once personally by the Prussian king for one of his students preaching Republicanism from Hegel's class. Hegel had to pay lip service to the Prussian authorities while at the same time humping Napoleons leg as he defeated those same forces at Jena. I've heard Hegel planted a Liberty Tree during the French Revolution. I've read him praising it in his letters.
The focus on Luther needs to be taken off a bit and put on his German backers, the power-brokers who protected him and had skin in the game, like Frederick III (Luther's paladin and principal benefactor, who comically had a HUGE business in selling indulgences. Charles V paid huge bribes to beat Frederick III out for the seat of Holy Roman Emperor). Several of these princes of small German states wanted economic independence from the Holy Roman Empire and saw an opportunity with Luther. Everything is politics. The Inquisition was Spanish politics. Henry the VIII's denunciation of Rome, the dissolution of monasteries, and translation of The Bible and birth of the Church of England... politics. It's important to understand how these things work, not just exalt one man as a kind of one-man revolutionary messiah.
Luther is no different. His Saxon princes pulled the strings, saved him and supported him and funded him to quack. He was their Marat or Paine.
You really like to hear your self speak dont you
Dang, you’ve read a lot of books! Keep up the good work! Maybe next time you could respond to the actual video!
@Braveheart I like the professor and certainly his enthusiasm, but we have a million miles of text on Luther, not so much on Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, in this affair. Luther was not leaving the Diet of Worms alive without Frederick smuggling him out, much less putting him up in Wartburg Castle. Also, Luther would've been killed on the street because along with his arrest warrant, Emperor Charles V had given permission for anyone to kill Luther on sight. Frederick is pulling all the strings. Not from religion or some spiritual call to Protestantism mind you, Frederick remained a diehard Roman Catholic all his life, but out of politics - to hit back against the increasingly powerful Papal States. He was a protector of local interests, not some big believer in Protestantism. This goes back to the rise of Hungary as a dominant power and foreign affairs games with France and the future of Austria. Luther's barking, for Frederick III, is less important as theological discourse, more important because it brings the Vatican down nationally (well, regionally anyway, Germany would not be a nation until 1871). It's like Lenin's initial support of early Soviet art. You look at the art produced after the October Socialist "Revolution" (Really a coup by the armed wing of the Bolshevik Party), it's incredibly experimental (albeit copying Futurism to a large degree). During this time Maxim Gorky asked Lenin "What do you think of all this modern stuff, colloquially?" and Lenin replied "I can't stand it, but we must support it because it destroys." In other words, it destroys the current order. I would not go so far as to say Luther was Frederick III's "useful idiot" but Luther's life, his domestic affairs, his finances and his translating the Bible into German are all because of Frederick III's social goals, not spiritual ones. This political puppetmaster had a softening effect on him too, as during the Peasants' War Luther told the peasants to mind their noble authorities. I pretty much suspect had revolutionary Luther not been a bird in Frederick's cage in Saxony he would've screamed BURN IT ALL DOWN same way he did his utterly hateful treatise against Jews. Hegel was the same way, reeled in by the Prussian Prince whenever things in Jena or elsewhere (READ: Wherever Hegel's chair was) were getting a bit too Republican. All of this Protestant fever was already underway in England (unlike the Germans they were in total destruction mode was regards the monasteries and churches) and the Gutenberg Bible came along 30 years before Luther was even born. Once the lock on literacy and text is broken the scribes and monks had, it's all over, the genie is out of the bottle, and everyone wants to interpret the Bible. This is an argument I hear Protestants make even today!
@@edwardrichardson8254 If everything's a hustle, just who are you hustling with your walls of text?
Why don't you contact a publisher? We're on TH-cam, man. No one needs or wants to read your dissertation. Maybe it's genius, I wouldn't know as I simply skimmed it, but I think you referenced mediums in your diatribe, and this ain't the medium for your skill, my guy.
I'm always looking for new interesting lectures on Psychology/Philosophy, please let me know if you guys have any recommendations, would be highly appreciated
Look for Dr. Robert Sapolsky Stanford lectures on Human Evolutionary Biology, the Maps of Meaning Lectures on Dr. Jordan Peterson's channel (even if some of his political views are flawed, his cultural analisys is very much on point), and Dr. John Vervaeke on Man's search for meaning lectures are endlessly good too.