Thank you for watching! You can read our full article on the working principle of transistors at: www.electrical4u.com/working-principle-of-transistor/
@@selva81652 well I guess you can say that the electrons can't unsee the holes they passed through, they won't fill ALL the holes in the area, but they'll have to fill some
The explanations are really good, but I can not concentrate with the constant music and the robot voice. After a few minutes it got so uncomfortable i had to close it. Sorry.
@@electrical4you It is highly annoying. Perhaps of using a computer generated voice, have a real person instead. Also, the flashing hand is also annoying. Just make the marks without the hand and the pen.
@@dougedmunds I wasn't thinking of re-doing the original videos, I was just taking the feedback onboard for future videos :) No more annoying music or robot voice - got it 🙂
Thanks for posting this great video. The volume of the music is loud but not enough to totally cover the voice. Some echo and clipping of the voice are in the key points to make difficult following the explanation, well done, but the masterpice is the popping box covering the final formula. I suggest to flash the video or alternatively shake the draw.
Hi, I have a question and I am not sure if it is okay to ask here. I have checked with other websites and I couldn't find a good answer. At 6:09, why can't free electrons cross the vBE junction for ANY vCE voltage? Since vCE will pass through the vBE junction, isn't it that free electrons are able to cross as long as vCE is more than 0.7V?
Best explanation yet, something you can remember. Of course you can take courses in device physics or solid state physics and get lost in equations. Don’t mind the background music, the repeating motif actually helps you focus. Some people complained about the computer voice, but a strong English accent would be much more distracting. Very nice and thoughtful presentation.
It's not kinetic energy of the electrons in the base that enables them to cross Vcb at all. The reason they cross is because they are minority charge carriers and they don't see a barrier. For electrons Vcb is down hill. So, the reverse biased current of minority charge carriers (electrons) across Vcb is large due to the large number of them. The reason the base is lightly doped is because only the electrons that don't combine with holes are free minority charge carriers. I think the reason the base is narrow is so that the concentration of electrons in the base is large. If the base were thick the electrons would fall down through the base instead of populating the base.
Super Great Explanation! The electrons can overcome the reverse biased BC junction because the B region is very thin and lightly doped, thus barely holding its electrons, leading to a lower breakdown voltage. Thanks!
Why is V_be fixed and only V_cb increases at 5:30 ? Why could the external voltage not overcome the V_be and cause flow of electrons into the base even without the second voltage applied between base and emitter?
9.02 is a very important point. Why do you need a background music?. Schools dont produce that. Voice modulation need to be sharp and striking the mind.
So a transistor is always working in a forward bias(emitter+base) and reverse bias(collector+base) ? If yes? Then the Base current is due to Forward bias and Collector current is due to reverse bias? Please do let me know if i am wrong?
I have doubts:-. We got amplified current output at collector(collector current is more than base n emitter current) ...but u said i(emitter)=i(base)+i(collector). That means emitter current is larger than collector||||||||||. How?
Yes, the emitter current is the sum of both currents (base [Ic/B] and the collector current Ic). However, by increasing a low base current you also increase the collector current: current amplification. The amplification here is with regards to the base current which is clearly much smaller than the collector current (by a factor of B).
Howdy. Really nice. Now I almost understand the current gain mechanism. The key words seem to be heavily doped emitter and lightly doped base. This seems to produce a swarm of free electrons in the base, coming from the emitter, when there is a base current present. Regards.
I am just wondering about the equation at 5:43. Shouldn't it be "Vce= - Vcb + Vbe ? I would think, due to the different polarity's, Vcb has to be negative? I also found this negative Vbc on other webpages as well, for the same npn-transistor. Other than that it's a great video. thank you! Regards!
Why no current can flow for the potential applied between collector and emitter? Is it not the same as applying voltage between emitter and base other than Vce has to overcome two potential barriers.... if Vce is large enough it should be able to overcome the two depletion region barrier and electrons should flow from emitter to collector...
in reality, there is nothing called 'holes' exist, holes are theories to understand, its always the electrons moves to places where there are less electrons to get balanced. so when an electron is removed, its theoretically called a hole, so holes cannot move in reality. only the electrons moves.
So the idea is that; there are more free electrons in the emitter purposely doped into that region and that will contribute electrons to the collector when it has it's own Volt source... and that is the (Beta), the Gain of the transistor. Pretty cool Beans although amplification of a signal would be ideal.
Howdy. This is my theory only. I posted this comment in another transistor clip. Comments are welcome. "I understand that the base current provides a "bridge" for the emitter electrons to jump into the base. I didn't understand the current gain mechanism earlier. Now I believe I do. My earlier thinking was that once the emitter-base depletion voltage is exceeded the collector current should simply "avalanche" through. In the following I apply quantum physics. The emitter-base turn-on voltage is not a sharp knee. Base current begin to flow at about 0,63V. The depletion zone has not disappeared completely at 0,63V. Only few electrons are energized enough by random quantum mechanics to jump / tunnel the emitter-base residual depletion zone into the base. When we drive more base current the emitter-base voltage rises to 0,7V. The depletion zone is saturated and has therefore disappeared. All free emitter electron can tunnel straight to the base and forward to the collector. So in my mind. The BJT is actually voltage controlled. When the base-emitter voltage varies between about 0.63 - 0,7V the residual depletion zone varies in "thickness / density" allowing more or less electrons to tunnel through. Finally it is worth observing that one cannot have a base-emitter voltage without also having a base current." Regards.
Sirs, Great presentation, but the banjo in the background is unnecessary and HIGHLY distracting. When unfamiliar information is presented having a distracting background noise added is definitely a negative.
Well even though at the beginning it felt like a big waste f time ( for transistor part ), I mean I didn't get the specific explanation I was seeking, I still got of this video with a whole new idea and picture for the transistor's function, I really thank you, I've never thought of the transistor in this way before. Keep up the good work, and I apologise if my comment seemed rude.
Thank you for watching!
You can read our full article on the working principle of transistors at: www.electrical4u.com/working-principle-of-transistor/
@Onchiri Obwogi Let us know your email and we’ll send you a pdf :)
I have a small doubt, why electrons in base combine with hole and constitute base current instead of directly going on to positive terminal in base
@@selva81652 well I guess you can say that the electrons can't unsee the holes they passed through, they won't fill ALL the holes in the area, but they'll have to fill some
Vaishnvimarbate@gmail.com
Plz provide me pdf of transistor
The explanations are really good, but I can not concentrate with the constant music and the robot voice.
After a few minutes it got so uncomfortable i had to close it. Sorry.
Thank you for the feedback! We will improve the music and voice in future videos
good explanation, but the sound is really disturbing.
Thank you for the feedback. We will look at improving the sound quality in future videos 😄
@@electrical4you It is highly annoying. Perhaps of using a computer generated voice, have a real person instead. Also, the flashing hand is also annoying. Just make the marks without the hand and the pen.
@@RyoSaeba0077 Duly noted Ryo - human voice from now on 🙂
That comment was made 2 years ago -- where is the redo without music? I quit listening at 2 minutes, music (?) was too annoying
@@dougedmunds I wasn't thinking of re-doing the original videos, I was just taking the feedback onboard for future videos :) No more annoying music or robot voice - got it 🙂
7.36 It is precisely at this point that 99% of the videos do not explain properly. A reverse polarized junction miraculously conducts electricity.
Thanks for posting this great video. The volume of the music is loud but not enough to totally cover the voice. Some echo and clipping of the voice are in the key points to make difficult following the explanation, well done, but the masterpice is the popping box covering the final formula. I suggest to flash the video or alternatively shake the draw.
Hi, I have a question and I am not sure if it is okay to ask here. I have checked with other websites and I couldn't find a good answer.
At 6:09, why can't free electrons cross the vBE junction for ANY vCE voltage? Since vCE will pass through the vBE junction, isn't it that free electrons are able to cross as long as vCE is more than 0.7V?
I have the same question... if you the answer please share it with me.
Best explanation yet, something you can remember. Of course you can take courses in device physics or solid state physics and get lost in equations. Don’t mind the background music, the repeating motif actually helps you focus. Some people complained about the computer voice, but a strong English accent would be much more distracting. Very nice and thoughtful presentation.
It's not kinetic energy of the electrons in the base that enables them to cross Vcb at all. The reason they cross is because they are minority charge carriers and they don't see a barrier. For electrons Vcb is down hill. So, the reverse biased current of minority charge carriers (electrons) across Vcb is large due to the large number of them. The reason the base is lightly doped is because only the electrons that don't combine with holes are free minority charge carriers. I think the reason the base is narrow is so that the concentration of electrons in the base is large. If the base were thick the electrons would fall down through the base instead of populating the base.
bonajab its not the kinetic energy... but they need some energy to cross the barrier
THANKS FOR THE CORRECTION
:-)
that the point u got the concept right thanks
Awesome ANIMATIONS........all doubts are cleared.......thank u
The “music” and the robot voice render this video unwatchable.
yes its really terrible
True
Yes
thinking same thing ..you just wrote it up for me ..thanks. Could have been ok ...stuffed it up unfortunately.
@7:40 - the electrons continue to move across the base due to their kinetic energy?
Good explanation... Please upload more
When you increase voltage across BE you current also increases. Right? Then how come current is still the same at 8:15
Super Great Explanation! The electrons can overcome the reverse biased BC junction because the B region is very thin and lightly doped, thus barely holding its electrons, leading to a lower breakdown voltage.
Thanks!
Why is V_be fixed and only V_cb increases at 5:30 ? Why could the external voltage not overcome the V_be and cause flow of electrons into the base even without the second voltage applied between base and emitter?
Very nice video, simple and good explanation
9.02 is a very important point. Why do you need a background music?. Schools dont produce that. Voice modulation need to be sharp and striking the mind.
Thank you for the feedback Selvam. I completely agree - less music in future videos 🙂
So a transistor is always working in a forward bias(emitter+base) and reverse bias(collector+base) ? If yes? Then the Base current is due to Forward bias and Collector current is due to reverse bias? Please do let me know if i am wrong?
Good explained sir 👍
This is a beautiful video to understand easily.
Sir could you say , which software did you used to make this video?
Thank you, Mr. Hawking.
Anytime
Hahaha hawking robot voice
Nice demonstration.
Good Explanation - one request would be make background music very low . Thanks
which application u used for making this video
nice sir. it is very helpful to students. thank you sir.i like it more
very interesting learning with music and voice..like it
sir / mem which video editor or video maker u r using can u tell me
which software did you use to make this type of video?
Beautifully explained. Thank you.
I have doubts:-. We got amplified current output at collector(collector current is more than base n emitter current) ...but u said i(emitter)=i(base)+i(collector). That means emitter current is larger than collector||||||||||. How?
Yes, the emitter current is the sum of both currents (base [Ic/B] and the collector current Ic). However, by increasing a low base current you also increase the collector current: current amplification. The amplification here is with regards to the base current which is clearly much smaller than the collector current (by a factor of B).
Great vedio.. But the music is v loud...... Thanks v much Sir ✌️
Nice one sir... Keep going..
Very good explination thank you sir..
No worries at all Nikshitha! :)
Please make a such video about FET
I have a problem though, could you define Ie and Ic please, I'm getting confused as to what they are, so from where to where they go
awesome explanaTion..try to upload more related videos with this topics..carry on..
Good explanation!!
Thank you for your kind words Shaik :)
I can't concentrate because of music
Very Good Explanation Dr. Ghosh. Carry it on.
Waiting many many nice presentations from you.
Howdy. Really nice.
Now I almost understand the current gain mechanism. The key words seem to be heavily doped emitter and lightly doped base. This seems to produce a swarm of free electrons in the base, coming from the emitter, when there is a base current present.
Regards.
Very happy to hear it makes sense to you now Eugene :)
Just loved ur explanation🥰🥰
No worries at all! Thank you for your kind words, I'm glad you found it useful 🤓
I am just wondering about the equation at 5:43. Shouldn't it be "Vce= - Vcb + Vbe ? I would think, due to the different polarity's, Vcb has to be negative? I also found this negative Vbc on other webpages as well, for the same npn-transistor.
Other than that it's a great video. thank you!
Regards!
Sorry - it doesn't work like that.
This background music makes me sleepy. Please remove this.
][
Thank you for your feedback Ankit :)
Please make a video on PNP. Thank you
Such a nice video
Thank you for the video
Nice Explanation
wow.............. nice explanation.........................
Damn, that guy sure can draw straight and true
Why no current can flow for the potential applied between collector and emitter? Is it not the same as applying voltage between emitter and base other than Vce has to overcome two potential barriers.... if Vce is large enough it should be able to overcome the two depletion region barrier and electrons should flow from emitter to collector...
oooooooooooooooof finally i understand thank you soooooooo much
No problem at all Alazabi! Very happy to hear that🙂
beautifully explained
nice video...
Thank you Samir! 🙂
in reality, there is nothing called 'holes' exist, holes are theories to understand, its always the electrons moves to places where there are less electrons to get balanced. so when an electron is removed, its theoretically called a hole, so holes cannot move in reality. only the electrons moves.
Exactly
Amazing video. May Allah bless. Thanks alot. It helped
Thank you for your kind words! Happy to hear you enjoyed our video :)
May God.not Allah.ok?
So the idea is that; there are more free electrons in the emitter purposely doped into that region and that will contribute electrons to the collector when it has it's own Volt source... and that is the (Beta), the Gain of the transistor.
Pretty cool Beans although amplification of a signal would be ideal.
Voice is not clearity but explanation is excellent
how do you guys able to draw circles soo circular man !
Superb
Thank you for your kind words Raihan! :)
Thank you sooooo much
Good explanation
Happy to hear it helped Vishnu! 🙂
P type n type selicon mosfat
Thank you Gosh.
That was a very neat and simple explanation.
It was very easy for me to understand it .
Well,KEEP ON UPLOADING SUCH INFORMATIVE VIDEOS
Howdy. This is my theory only. I posted this comment in another transistor clip. Comments are welcome.
"I understand that the base current provides a "bridge" for the emitter electrons to jump into the base. I didn't understand the current gain mechanism earlier. Now I believe I do. My earlier thinking was that once the emitter-base depletion voltage is exceeded the collector current should simply "avalanche" through.
In the following I apply quantum physics.
The emitter-base turn-on voltage is not a sharp knee. Base current begin to flow at about 0,63V. The depletion zone has not disappeared completely at 0,63V. Only few electrons are energized enough by random quantum mechanics to jump / tunnel the emitter-base residual depletion zone into the base.
When we drive more base current the emitter-base voltage rises to 0,7V. The depletion zone is saturated and has therefore disappeared. All free emitter electron can tunnel straight to the base and forward to the collector.
So in my mind. The BJT is actually voltage controlled. When the base-emitter voltage varies between about 0.63 - 0,7V the residual depletion zone varies in "thickness / density" allowing more or less electrons to tunnel through.
Finally it is worth observing that one cannot have a base-emitter voltage without also having a base current."
Regards.
nice explain
what a great video, sir you are great,thanks so much.may you live long.
sir which country you belong ???
nice video👌👍
At my university, as with all the electrical elements, we barely had a physics based understanding of them.
Sir please make a vdo on swiching characteristics of SCR during turn on and turn off.
Sir but emitter is heavily doped and collector is moderately doped but u said reverse...
How bipolar transistor function to turn on the led
music volume is so high, disturbing
awesme xplanation
So good method
I am from nepal, just climbed mount everest for better connection.
Amazing ty
very good video but please remove the music or turn the volume down
.
This would be so much better without the music
Sir, working principal is not so good
sir I recently downloaded the s gosh app
in that app objective questions are not opening sir
It's like an electrical gear?
what he just said after 8:40 , cant hear what exactly he said
Good explanation but please don't include music throughout the video
"Hope you got an idea" at the end (8:57) says its all about how informative the material is.
Sirs,
Great presentation, but the banjo in the background is unnecessary and HIGHLY distracting. When unfamiliar information is presented having a distracting background noise added is definitely a negative.
This may have good info but I stopped at 27 seconds. Can’t stand the music. Why does it have any music??
Please remove background music
Interrupted by music
very simple....
Thanks
Positive to p-type...forward biased (p/p)...thats how I remember it.
I like the way you explain it
Happy to hear! Thank you Theophilus :)
explanation was good but the background music was irritating I cannot grab the concept pls make a note of this
nice explanation, but the music is dominating ur explanation
thank you for this tutorial!
die music is in indeed displeasing ...
Thank you for the feedback A.M. Harid! We'll make sure we remove the annoying music in future videos :)
Well even though at the beginning it felt like a big waste f time ( for transistor part ), I mean I didn't get the specific explanation I was seeking, I still got of this video with a whole new idea and picture for the transistor's function, I really thank you, I've never thought of the transistor in this way before.
Keep up the good work, and I apologise if my comment seemed rude.
Please reduce the sound of music in back ground. Dont decrease the quality of your video
is there any tool for making these type of vedios.....
Awesome awesome 🔥
Due to the music, some words are not at all audible