How to extract lignin from biomass waste via Kraft pulping process

In this Kraft pulping process, we are using solid to liquid ratio of 1:8 (moisture content is around 10%), active alkali (AA) of 20% and sulfidity of 30%. The working temperature is 170 degree Celsius (pressure produced is 10-15 bars) and time take for the pulping process is 3 hours. The pulping process was done in a 250 mL stirred hydrothermal reactor.

[@Polymermaker]

Good job, clear and professional.

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Thank you

[@opheliawashington7337]

This is a great resource, thank you! I was wondering if the 18% yield was yield from total liable lignin, or yield from total inputted mass.

[@mohdhazwan6523]

It was the yield for the initial mass

[@thuanvoanh371]

Thank you for your video! Let me ask you a question: Does drying at 50oC ensure complete removal of moisture? Because if water vapor is not completely removed, calculating lignin yield will not be accurate? Can we dry at higher temperatures (70 or 105 oC)?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Well you can put at slightly higher temperature to remove moisture, no harm as long as lower than 250 degree C

[@everythingelse2066]

Very nice! This lignin can be used as plasticizer in concrete?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Yes, studies have shown its potential as plasticizer

[@prajwalpraju9360]

Good evening sir can this extracted lignin can be used to partially replace bitumen in asphalt concrete

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Yes you can

[@adithyaadhuzz8784]

this experiment can be only done with coconut shell powder, is there anything that can us alternative to that?plsss answer

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Can be done for other biomass too

[@user-fx2uo2of4e]

Can biOmass chunks be used rather than powdered version of them?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

You can but the lignin isolation can be pushed to maximum if the surface area of the biomass are larger (smaller size)

[@sobuhikhan683]

plz explain why you again washed precipitated lignin with 500 ml distilled water and sulfuric acid??
also when i extract lignin it become dark brown and did not give results in dye adsorption?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Thourough washing of lignin is needed to remove remaining hemicellulose impurities. For the adsorption studies, did you check the surface area of the isolated lignin? And did you study the effect of adsorbent dosage/contact time/pH etc?

[@user-fx2uo2of4e]

As an alternative to the reactor,will boiling also work?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Yes it can work

[@user-fx2uo2of4e]

@@mohdhazwan6523 for how long do you think it should be boiled

[@mohdhazwan6523]

@@user-fx2uo2of4e some previous work mentioned around 1-2 hours under warm stirring (50-60 degree C)

[@JustineKuchler]

Can I use 5M HCl to lower the pH? Thank you.

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Yes you can

[@adithyaadhuzz8784]

Can u please tell me which article is that you have followed

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Please read from here
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669013001908

[@adithyaadhuzz8784]

@@mohdhazwan6523 how you make coconut shell powder in simple way

[@adithyaadhuzz8784]

and which coconut is used?

[@prajwalpraju9360]

We are doing our engineering major project based on sustainable replacement of material it would help us

[@mohdhazwan6523]

That's great!

[@mangalapallikamali610]

Sir, may I know exactly how the reaction mixture is stirring?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

This reactor is equiped with magnetic stirrer (not with overhead stirrer like those in the Parr reactor). I have put the magnetic bar inside and stir it vigrously

[@user-fx2uo2of4e]

What happens if the sulfuric acid concentration is higher than 20%

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Higher acid concentration can cause charing (burning) to the lignin and thus impart the properties

[@dolata000]

What was the yield?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Around 18%, depends on the type of biomass, solid to liquid ratio and sulfidity/active alkali percentage

[@wayawwayaw5191]

sir, what's the name of first reactor?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Pressurized stirred hydrothermal reactor

[@Peteo7]

Please with this process work with sawdust

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Yes it can work well..

[@bloody_keg9722]

is there an equipment to substitute the reactor?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Can use glass apparatus but the yield will not be the same

[@bloody_keg9722]

@@mohdhazwan6523 what glass apparatus sir? and will the temp and time also be adjusted? Thankyou in advance sir because we don't have access to a reactor and your answer gave us hope.

[@mohdhazwan6523]

@@bloody_keg9722 perhaps round bottow flask dipped in paraffin oil on a hot plate stirrer.. don't forget to stir the mixture as well using magnetic bars

[@bloody_keg9722]

​@@mohdhazwan6523 thankyou so much for entertaining my questions, i owe my capstone project to you! great video btw!

[@bloody_keg9722]

​@@mohdhazwan6523 last question sir, should i follow the temperature and time on the video or does it need adjustment?

[@boyrecall8526]

Can this still be done without a reactor?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

Yes but it will be less severe..then the yield will be less as well

[@boyrecall8526]

In the absence of a reactor, what process must be done in exchange?

[@mohdhazwan6523]

@@boyrecall8526 the biomass still can be soaked in alkaline solution (10-30% of NaOH) for 12 hours or more and the resulted black liquor can be acidified to precipitate the lignin

[@boyrecall8526]

@@mohdhazwan6523 thank you so much!! You and your video were great help

[@mohdhazwan6523]

@@boyrecall8526 thank you!

[@chisomfelixumeh8815]

Please Sir, I want to extract pulp from groundnut shell, without using this reactor

[@mohdhazwan6523]

It still can be done by soaking the pulverized groundnut shells in NaOH solution for 3 days with stirring. Lignin can be obtained later by acidifying the black liquor solution until it become pH 2

[@mohdhazwan6523]

But I must warn you that the yield will be not as much as when you use pressurized reactor

[@chisomfelixumeh8815]

@@mohdhazwan6523 okay Sir

[@chisomfelixumeh8815]

@@mohdhazwan6523 thanks so much, I appreciate!