Jeremiah and the Jewish prophets are also considered a part of the axial age. The Judeo Christian tradition is a development of the axial age age as well.
31:16 the Greeks called these patterns Ideas, which means visions. This is where the English words idea and ideal come from, an ideal is an immutable pattern that exists in a parallel reality, and all related worldly forms are copies of that ideal
as a Buddhist who follows the early texts, i've done quite a study of northern ancient India at the time of the Buddha, it truly was a very interesting time in history.
@@WhatifAltHist There are a lot of interesting things, like the first female monastic organizations (first jain then buddhist), the whole time period of the brahmins and the samanas who were essentially a whole sub-culture of people who checked out of society to try to find a way to awakening in the wilderness. Jains and Buddhists came from that culture. There is a good book by a preeminent Buddhist scholar A.K Warder called "Indian Buddhism", you can find it free as a pdf, the first half or so of the book starts from very ancient times to the time of the Buddha and the time after.
Essentially, the gods before the Axial Age were just strong guys that would kill you if you didn't worship them. After it, they're the good guys that want to help you reach immortality by being a good person. Before the Axial Age you were coerced to believe them through force and fear. After it, you wanted to
How does this track with the integration of the punishment for not following the faith by being sent to hell in christianity? Isn't that functioning like the coercion through fear?
@@theraven268 I wish I knew more deep theology, but I think "Ignore Jesus = Hell" is basically akin to a parent telling their child "Touch hot stove = get burned". It's not really a punishment, it's just laying out what will happen if you do something. Exodus God definitely has some Preaxial stuff going on though.
@@theraven268 It's what modern pop-culture Christianity largely preaches, but is largely absent from the original faith. Jesus never mentions hell once in the new testament, and it really only exists in the old testament. And when it does pop up, it's not in a very strictly defined way. If you just focus on the new testament, what it essentially teaches is that only the holiest of holy people, like martyrs and saints, will gain entry into heaven, while everyone else will be 'stuck on earth,' which could interpreted in a variety of ways from reincarnation to perpetual death. That is, until the second coming, in which everyone will be raised from the dead. Many theologies also preach that given how god loves us, hell will eventually after infinite time be emptied.
That's some brilliant stuff. Thank you. I've never heard a lot of that before. I'll definitely come back and listen to your opinions on history and your insights. ❤
10 Interconnected Principles of the coming Axial Age 1. Be Authentic and honest about yourself (include your blessing as well as your warts and all) 2. Earth Life Is A School To Learn And Exercise Spiritual Principles in a very challenging environment (Earth School) and not for judgement 3. Love Everyone - Be Caring, Kind, Respectful and Forgiving towards Everyone Unconditionally including yourself and ALL Others 4. Find And Follow Your Divine Intuition or Inner Voice which blossoms from Joy and Love 5. Use Technological Advances Responsibly so that it is uplifting and fosters constructive development 6. Release Prejudice - Release all anger, fear, scorn and pain against any and all "other" entities you encounter in Earth School 7. The Power To Build is controlled by our thoughts and can create an environment and life full of gratitude, abundance and health (while we adhere to the 10 Principles) 8. Avoid Negative Influences and instead seek out Constructive influences 9. Everything (including divine or sub-optimal or selfish or "evil" choices) works together to provide free agency opportunities to grow in Earth School 10. We Are All One - How each of us chooses to act towards ourselves and the rest of us impacts (reflects back to) us - in heaven and earth there is only us or we and no "others" or them
EPILOGUE: This video was uploaded on July 4th, 2024, but it seems to have been recorded prior to June 27th (or at least in the daytime that Thursday) based on the initial conversation on the debate between Professor Lynch and Mr. Torenberg. President Biden's extremely poor performance in the aforementioned became the defining excuse for why the Democrats shoved him aside for another sick joke, his vice president, "Heels Up" Harris, last Sunday, July 21st.
Before coinage they still had an effective currency. They just traded using gold silver and copper by weight. For example a sheckel was not originally a coin. It was a specific weight. About 11 grams, usually silver. If you paid 3 sheckels for something you paid 33 grams/3 sheckels of silver. It could be in lumps ingots or nuggets of silver. The first sheckel coins were called sheckels because they weighed one sheckel. The same was originally true of the dollar and most other currencies. It was a unit of weight.
Good point. Many non-civilizational cultures also used shells as currency (shell money), usually by shaping them into beads which also had ornamental value. This was true in Precolumbian America as well as the Old World.
Just the Ticket, young man. New sub to the new channel, big fan of Whatifalthist, too. Definitely don't always agree but always find them thought provoking. Many Thanks. 😀😀😀😀😀
Math pre-dates the axial age (look to ancient Egypt). However, in the axial age the Greeks systematized math, developing it from an empirical science to a theoretical one. Euclid wrote it all down, though many of the theorems had already been developed. Aristotle argues for five forms of government, but late modernity only recognizes the three Rudyard names. Timarchy was also a recognized form in the cycle of governance.
8:00-9:00 I think this topic about irreligion and agnosticism deserves a video of its own, it would be very interesting to see the reasons why it rises and what it causes to society
"What I remember about the rise of the Empire is... is how quiet it was. During the waning hours of the Clone Wars, the 501st Legion was discreetly transferred back to Coruscant. It was a silent trip. We all knew what was about to happen, what we were about to do. Did we have any doubts? Any private, traitorous thoughts? Perhaps, but no one said a word. Not on the flight to Coruscant, not when Order 66 came down, and not when we marched into the Jedi Temple. Not a word." - Operation: Knightfall "Knightfall" - Star Wars Battlefront II (2005)
@@FallingUpwards-l8y I'd like Rudyard to live stream a play through of the game. It might take over 3 hours to play every mission but of course it need not be all in one go. You hear that Rudyard!? Would you kindly live stream your play through of Star Wars Battlefront II (2005)?
28:42 there's this interesting story about one of the students of Pythagoras who said that maybe there are some numbers that can't be perfectly represented by a fraction (today we call those irrational numbers, the student was right) but Pythagoras had said that all numbers can be perfectly represented by a fraction so his students believed that dogmatically as a religious truth. So either Pythagoras himself or another student of his straight up murdered the other dude for blasphemy against their teachings
It's interesting that you mentioned it, I eventually became religious (I practice a polytheist religion) after being born into a non-religious household, flipped-flopped between agnostic/atheism, and studied in hardcore STEM for over 10 years. Like I'm doing a PhD in a STEM field right now. And I think science can co-exist with religion, as long as you don't believe in mythic literalism and make some other compromises which is something I think Abrahamic religions struggle with. Also people misunderstand what science is, it's not a belief system, it's just a list of simple steps to systematically study things. That's it. So you can use it to study the physical side of the universe, while religion is for the spiritual side of the universe.
I think the reason people compare science to a religion are midwits. They don't have the brain power to understand it so they treat it like a belief system instead.
I often recall Carl Sagan's warning in 'The Demon-Haunted World' about the impending danger of a time when people's lives are dominated by science & technology yet those people know next to nothing about either.
@@Mr._Anderpson Yeah, I think we're living in a time where people are unironically dominated by science and technology. And from what I've observed, these people don't understand neither. It's like magic for them and as if it will somehow solve all their problems
Beckwith offered some very interesting ideas about a Scythian connection with the axial age. The Scythian Empire is a great book. Just out this year with the new genetic and old linguistic evidence coming together.
13:30 "If there is any religion that could cope with modern scientific needs it would be Buddhism" - Albert Einstein. Note that Buddha taught essentially the same social ethic as Jesus, without the metaphysics of Christianity.
I'm fairly certain that Buddhism had an indirect influence on the moral attitudes that eventually became Christianity, considering that it was a mature philosophy long before.
This is really a key question, and I am rewatching it since I felt the video didn't nail it. I adress this question in my book "Nukes, Jets & Chips" (shameless title ripoff, it will get noticed); basically I'm of the opinion there must have been a significant improvement in agriculture in all three civilizations and/or improved trade networks through which SEEDS and Ideas could exchange. When we observe the same phenomenon in civilizations thousands of miles apart we are entirely justified to seek for hypotheses, hoping that improved genetics and biology and archeaology will allow us to discover. So if anyone has evidence of improved agriculture and trade which sparked the axial age I would love to see evidence!
coins only make sense if you have something to trade and a way to transport it... wiw it seems all civilizations assume at start that everyplace else is barbarism. i know of no exception (Greece, Han China) Hebrews had axial age prophet(s)
This video was very all over the place. Like to many incomplete thought going from one topic to another without much of a bridge just all over the place.
I wish Rudyard had clarified what he meant when he referred to the Bible as a historical document. Many listeners, particularly if they come from religious areas of the US, will interpret that as "the Bible is a history book", which is the mistake which gives way to fundamentalism.
The Bible is a history book of sorts you just have to understand that in context of how history was done in the past. The way we do history now came about in the 20th century from the western world. Regardless this isn't what makes people fundamentalist
@@jesse123185 It certainly is. People read the stories, start counting back generations, & arrive at the conclusion the Earth is 6000 years old , virgins actually pop out babies, & other metaphors like the ascension which shouldn't be taken literally. I'm a fan of most aspects of Christianity, but I can't nod along to narratives like the Egyptian captivity & exodus being taken as history.
Its a great lie to say India 500 bc didn't have contact with other empires. The name Cambyses is a namesake of the Kambojas who the Buddhist converted during the reign of Cyrus. Cyrus is a namesake of the Indian Kurus who were aligned with the Kambojas. The archeologist Flinders Petrie unearthed an Indian Buddha at the Memphis Ptah temple dated to the time of Cambyses. The Indian Kurus married into the Gautamas as the name Codomannus ( Sans Gautaman, a variant of Gautama) is found in the family of Cyrus' (Kurus(
I love your work Rudyard,. I always learn something. Can I request a video on the pre-coinage IOU system? That fascinates me, I can't think how that would work on a large scale
While standardized coins were first invented by the Lydians, the oldest form of metal currency (i.e. coins) may be traced to mesopotomia some millenia before the axial age. Beyond this, Lydia was not a greek speaking area. At the time, Lydia was populated by Lydians who spoke the Lydian language which initself is as close to Greek as it is to Hindi (being in the anatolian sub-branch of the indo european languages). While it is true that greek colonies on the western coast of anatolia did, as with many other peoples, pay tribue to Lydia, it was certainly not the case that the Lydians were themselves Greek. Further your claim of a lack of coinage during this era in the region of the middle east is odd considering that the bulk of the coinage of this era was produced by the Achamenid (Persian) empire.
You missed that the first Jewish Temple was destroyed in 500 bce. According to Jewish tradition this is what launched the Axial Age. The destruction of the Temple unleashed a more rational approach to spirituality that extinguished prophecy and replaced the superstitious cults in Europe and Asia.
How can you claim that these people from 500 BC were the foundation for the Abrahamic religions? Abraham himself lived in 2000 BC and Moses was like 1300 BC. I guess you can claim it influenced Christianity and Islam. But pretty much the entire Old Testament was before the axial age
my favorite thing about Bertrand Russell was he just kept pounding in the Greek third of the book about the different focus on the number of things, whether it was 1 (Atomic), 2 (dualism), 3 or 4... it was just great how they bounced back and forth - and somehow it kept up somehow into the 1800s. I had a hard time with his view of all philosophers having to have slaves (he was an aristocrat) and him being so conservative (as in against democracy) but I kinda get it. The Christian book - the only thing I took from that was that his take on the Jewish contribution was minimal, whereas he takes Origen and Augustine as far more important. I think the third book reached its apex in its chapter on Locke and Hume, but I loved his take on Voltaire. I think Durant does a better job on those later philosophers. I also think Russell focused too much (pages and pages!!!) on logical symbolism - but at least he gives honest opinions that he is trying to say what he thinks other philosophers actually think and that he sometimes doesn't really get it all entirely.
I am not sure about your coin theory. The medians/persian had coinage since the 5th bc, Egypt since the 4th. We have lots of records from the Persian empire, it’s all Persian though, and ignored by classic studies.
35:00 Funny, I used to think Plato was a brilliant philosopher and came to the opposite conclusion with time. The more I learn about Plato's philosophy, the less I respect it and those who abide by it
Do we actually need religion and believe in a diety? Buddhism, Confucianism, communism are more of a philosophy. We seem to need something to believe that's more relevant to our present societal conditions
I love your videos. I am a little jealous of the breath of knowledge acquired, but I'm surprised you talk about the future in hundreds of years being that we live in the nuclear age and society is degenerating at a very fast clip. I don't think humanity will survive and thrive for another 10 years much less hundreds of years. I'm surprised you haven't spoken to that.
Wasn't there already morality in ancient Greek mythology before the Axial Age? You sacrificed goats and cows to the gods, sure, but you also had to resist hubris, being a bad host or guest, and lead a good, heroic life to reach Elysium. Those that broke the laws of morality were punished like Tantalus, those that acted in accordance to the moral codes were rewarded. Sounds like a religious moral system to me.
12 minutes in, there are a lot of unsupportable generalities being thrown about and it's clear the speaker isn't very familiar with what he's talking about- no "market economy" in "the middle east"- does he just mean coin based economies? Because "market economy" typically refers to something else. The commentary on religion as well, the idea of societies "progressing faster than their religions" is silly. The idea that somehow "machinery" would be a problem for Christianity because the Bible happens to use a lot of agricultural metaphors? It's not like Christianity is a thriving world religion today or anything. The speaker doesn't seem to be very familiar with religious thought at all, except as charicature.
![⭐️( ลอยกระทง 2024 ) Ver. แดนซ์ Remix BY [ ดีเจกิต รีมิกซ์ ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/rMWOLhgXUHc/mqdefault.jpg)
I see Rudyard I click Rudyard
Pause
"A lot of religions were called The Way."
Suddenly that Ugandan Knuckles meme from 2018 makes a lot of sense 😂
"I know da way"
Mmm salad, muh bruddah.
fun fact sharia translates to the way
I've grown to absolutely love this channel and history in general!
Me too
Every man loves history.
Jeremiah and the Jewish prophets are also considered a part of the axial age. The Judeo Christian tradition is a development of the axial age age as well.
31:16 the Greeks called these patterns Ideas, which means visions. This is where the English words idea and ideal come from, an ideal is an immutable pattern that exists in a parallel reality, and all related worldly forms are copies of that ideal
"Say it together class: Spit out that desert poison!" - Varg probably
as a Buddhist who follows the early texts, i've done quite a study of northern ancient India at the time of the Buddha, it truly was a very interesting time in history.
Can we discuss? Im a learner of history as well and am an Indian Hindu.
Yes? Please say more
@@WhatifAltHist There are a lot of interesting things, like the first female monastic organizations (first jain then buddhist), the whole time period of the brahmins and the samanas who were essentially a whole sub-culture of people who checked out of society to try to find a way to awakening in the wilderness. Jains and Buddhists came from that culture.
There is a good book by a preeminent Buddhist scholar A.K Warder called "Indian Buddhism", you can find it free as a pdf, the first half or so of the book starts from very ancient times to the time of the Buddha and the time after.
Essentially, the gods before the Axial Age were just strong guys that would kill you if you didn't worship them. After it, they're the good guys that want to help you reach immortality by being a good person. Before the Axial Age you were coerced to believe them through force and fear. After it, you wanted to
How does this track with the integration of the punishment for not following the faith by being sent to hell in christianity? Isn't that functioning like the coercion through fear?
@@theraven268 I wish I knew more deep theology, but I think "Ignore Jesus = Hell" is basically akin to a parent telling their child "Touch hot stove = get burned". It's not really a punishment, it's just laying out what will happen if you do something. Exodus God definitely has some Preaxial stuff going on though.
@@theraven268 It's what modern pop-culture Christianity largely preaches, but is largely absent from the original faith. Jesus never mentions hell once in the new testament, and it really only exists in the old testament. And when it does pop up, it's not in a very strictly defined way. If you just focus on the new testament, what it essentially teaches is that only the holiest of holy people, like martyrs and saints, will gain entry into heaven, while everyone else will be 'stuck on earth,' which could interpreted in a variety of ways from reincarnation to perpetual death. That is, until the second coming, in which everyone will be raised from the dead. Many theologies also preach that given how god loves us, hell will eventually after infinite time be emptied.
I'm declaring war on the axial age
I’m just imagining some guy screaming at Socrates while he’s in a toga on his death bed 😂
Whatever, Nietzsche...
@@jorden9821God is dead
SOMEONE STOP HIM! HE MUST HAVE A TIME CANNON!!!
String Theory IS a religion - one wholly predicated upon mathematics, but repeatedly disproven whenever tested.
The fact that you can mathematically prove 1=2, is also the reason why string theory exists 😂.
That's some brilliant stuff. Thank you. I've never heard a lot of that before. I'll definitely come back and listen to your opinions on history and your insights.
❤
10 Interconnected Principles of the coming Axial Age
1. Be Authentic and honest about yourself (include your blessing as well as your warts and all)
2. Earth Life Is A School To Learn And Exercise Spiritual Principles in a very challenging environment (Earth School) and not for judgement
3. Love Everyone - Be Caring, Kind, Respectful and Forgiving towards Everyone Unconditionally including yourself and ALL Others
4. Find And Follow Your Divine Intuition or Inner Voice which blossoms from Joy and Love
5. Use Technological Advances Responsibly so that it is uplifting and fosters constructive development
6. Release Prejudice - Release all anger, fear, scorn and pain against any and all "other" entities you encounter in Earth School
7. The Power To Build is controlled by our thoughts and can create an environment and life full of gratitude, abundance and health (while we adhere to the 10 Principles)
8. Avoid Negative Influences and instead seek out Constructive influences
9. Everything (including divine or sub-optimal or selfish or "evil" choices) works together to provide free agency opportunities to grow in Earth School
10. We Are All One - How each of us chooses to act towards ourselves and the rest of us impacts (reflects back to) us - in heaven and earth there is only us or we and no "others" or them
lol okay bro 😂😂😂
@@slappy8941 check out the Near Death Experience of Vinney Tolman - that is is origin of these 10 principles
@@slappy8941
Have some faith, they may be studying the teachings of Teob6799 the Wise for hundreds of years
sounds woke af
@@kkvv3699 @kkvv3699 FYI - Source is an NDE by Vinney Tolman. Who is to say it is not accurate?
Gore Vidal's novel "Creation" is an enjoyable intro to the Axial Age. One of my favourite novels.
9:43 Hmm, I didn't expect the Persian empire to look like that.
@TheMightyWalk how about you expand on that instead of saying its wrong trust me bro
EPILOGUE: This video was uploaded on July 4th, 2024, but it seems to have been recorded prior to June 27th (or at least in the daytime that Thursday) based on the initial conversation on the debate between Professor Lynch and Mr. Torenberg. President Biden's extremely poor performance in the aforementioned became the defining excuse for why the Democrats shoved him aside for another sick joke, his vice president, "Heels Up" Harris, last Sunday, July 21st.
Before coinage they still had an effective currency. They just traded using gold silver and copper by weight. For example a sheckel was not originally a coin. It was a specific weight. About 11 grams, usually silver. If you paid 3 sheckels for something you paid 33 grams/3 sheckels of silver. It could be in lumps ingots or nuggets of silver. The first sheckel coins were called sheckels because they weighed one sheckel.
The same was originally true of the dollar and most other currencies. It was a unit of weight.
Good point. Many non-civilizational cultures also used shells as currency (shell money), usually by shaping them into beads which also had ornamental value. This was true in Precolumbian America as well as the Old World.
Look at that I made it early again, I can't wait for the "explaining English civ" after tonight's horrendous election results.
Been waiting to hear about this subject for a long time.
Just the Ticket, young man.
New sub to the new channel, big fan of Whatifalthist, too.
Definitely don't always agree but always find them thought provoking.
Many Thanks.
😀😀😀😀😀
You’ve gotta read “The Origin of Consciousness in Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind” by Julian Jaynes.
Rudyard is really one of a kind. A one man encyclopaedia, he may be wrong once in a blue moon but more or less he’s on point.
Math pre-dates the axial age (look to ancient Egypt). However, in the axial age the Greeks systematized math, developing it from an empirical science to a theoretical one. Euclid wrote it all down, though many of the theorems had already been developed. Aristotle argues for five forms of government, but late modernity only recognizes the three Rudyard names. Timarchy was also a recognized form in the cycle of governance.
8:00-9:00 I think this topic about irreligion and agnosticism deserves a video of its own, it would be very interesting to see the reasons why it rises and what it causes to society
"What I remember about the rise of the Empire is... is how quiet it was. During the waning hours of the Clone Wars, the 501st Legion was discreetly transferred back to Coruscant. It was a silent trip. We all knew what was about to happen, what we were about to do. Did we have any doubts? Any private, traitorous thoughts? Perhaps, but no one said a word. Not on the flight to Coruscant, not when Order 66 came down, and not when we marched into the Jedi Temple. Not a word." - Operation: Knightfall "Knightfall" - Star Wars Battlefront II (2005)
Never stop! Don't let your dream be dreams!
@@FallingUpwards-l8y I'd like Rudyard to live stream a play through of the game. It might take over 3 hours to play every mission but of course it need not be all in one go.
You hear that Rudyard!? Would you kindly live stream your play through of Star Wars Battlefront II (2005)?
28:42 there's this interesting story about one of the students of Pythagoras who said that maybe there are some numbers that can't be perfectly represented by a fraction (today we call those irrational numbers, the student was right) but Pythagoras had said that all numbers can be perfectly represented by a fraction so his students believed that dogmatically as a religious truth. So either Pythagoras himself or another student of his straight up murdered the other dude for blasphemy against their teachings
Pythagoreanism is pacifist so yu are misinformed.
35:22 I remember one of your older videos where you called Plato an idiot and only praised Aristotle, it's an interesting change of opinion
It's interesting that you mentioned it, I eventually became religious (I practice a polytheist religion) after being born into a non-religious household, flipped-flopped between agnostic/atheism, and studied in hardcore STEM for over 10 years. Like I'm doing a PhD in a STEM field right now. And I think science can co-exist with religion, as long as you don't believe in mythic literalism and make some other compromises which is something I think Abrahamic religions struggle with. Also people misunderstand what science is, it's not a belief system, it's just a list of simple steps to systematically study things. That's it. So you can use it to study the physical side of the universe, while religion is for the spiritual side of the universe.
I think the reason people compare science to a religion are midwits. They don't have the brain power to understand it so they treat it like a belief system instead.
I often recall Carl Sagan's warning in 'The Demon-Haunted World' about the impending danger of a time when people's lives are dominated by science & technology yet those people know next to nothing about either.
@@Mr._Anderpson Yeah, I think we're living in a time where people are unironically dominated by science and technology. And from what I've observed, these people don't understand neither. It's like magic for them and as if it will somehow solve all their problems
Socrates did not commit suicide, he was executed by the state. Socrates did drink the poison himself.
29:03 Pythagoras wasn't from Sicily though, he was from Icaria, an island off the coast of Anatolia. You might be confusing him with Archimedes
Beckwith offered some very interesting ideas about a Scythian connection with the axial age.
The Scythian Empire is a great book. Just out this year with the new genetic and old linguistic evidence coming together.
"Nukes Jets & Chips: How Global Enlightenments Happen".
The difference is Christianity is true, and it will endure, as it has for 2000 years. Every knee shall bow and every tongue shall confess.
Jesus is trans🇵🇸🇵🇸🇵🇸
We would need more archaeology in Iran and Afghanistan to nail down when Zoroaster lived, but they're Iran and Afghanistan.
13:30 "If there is any religion that could cope with modern scientific needs it would be Buddhism" - Albert Einstein. Note that Buddha taught essentially the same social ethic as Jesus, without the metaphysics of Christianity.
I'm fairly certain that Buddhism had an indirect influence on the moral attitudes that eventually became Christianity, considering that it was a mature philosophy long before.
You should do a video about eastern mysticism to do the topic justice now 😅 also I think it would be a fun and exiting video
Oh, I’ve been waiting for this one
This is really a key question, and I am rewatching it since I felt the video didn't nail it. I adress this question in my book "Nukes, Jets & Chips" (shameless title ripoff, it will get noticed); basically I'm of the opinion there must have been a significant improvement in agriculture in all three civilizations and/or improved trade networks through which SEEDS and Ideas could exchange. When we observe the same phenomenon in civilizations thousands of miles apart we are entirely justified to seek for hypotheses, hoping that improved genetics and biology and archeaology will allow us to discover. So if anyone has evidence of improved agriculture and trade which sparked the axial age I would love to see evidence!
coins only make sense if you have something to trade and a way to transport it...
wiw it seems all civilizations assume at start that everyplace else is barbarism. i know of no exception (Greece, Han China)
Hebrews had axial age prophet(s)
This video was very all over the place. Like to many incomplete thought going from one topic to another without much of a bridge just all over the place.
I wish Rudyard had clarified what he meant when he referred to the Bible as a historical document. Many listeners, particularly if they come from religious areas of the US, will interpret that as "the Bible is a history book", which is the mistake which gives way to fundamentalism.
The Bible is a history book of sorts you just have to understand that in context of how history was done in the past. The way we do history now came about in the 20th century from the western world. Regardless this isn't what makes people fundamentalist
@@jesse123185 It certainly is. People read the stories, start counting back generations, & arrive at the conclusion the Earth is 6000 years old , virgins actually pop out babies, & other metaphors like the ascension which shouldn't be taken literally.
I'm a fan of most aspects of Christianity, but I can't nod along to narratives like the Egyptian captivity & exodus being taken as history.
Its a great lie to say India 500 bc didn't have contact with other empires. The name Cambyses is a namesake of the Kambojas who the Buddhist converted during the reign of Cyrus. Cyrus is a namesake of the Indian Kurus who were aligned with the Kambojas. The archeologist Flinders Petrie unearthed an Indian Buddha at the Memphis Ptah temple dated to the time of Cambyses. The Indian Kurus married into the Gautamas as the name Codomannus ( Sans Gautaman, a variant of Gautama) is found in the family of Cyrus' (Kurus(
I love your work Rudyard,. I always learn something. Can I request a video on the pre-coinage IOU system? That fascinates me, I can't think how that would work on a large scale
Have you been keeping up with John Vervaeke’s work on this topic?
What’s wrong with the thumbnail
I don't know
I don’t know
I don't know
I don't know
I don't know
These are good to listen to. Honestly, tho, the face cam seems a bit unnecessary. But that might just be me idk
your amazing bro
The FIRST axial age. The second comes 2,000 years later.
lets goooo rud awesome video once again
While standardized coins were first invented by the Lydians, the oldest form of metal currency (i.e. coins) may be traced to mesopotomia some millenia before the axial age.
Beyond this, Lydia was not a greek speaking area. At the time, Lydia was populated by Lydians who spoke the Lydian language which initself is as close to Greek as it is to Hindi (being in the anatolian sub-branch of the indo european languages). While it is true that greek colonies on the western coast of anatolia did, as with many other peoples, pay tribue to Lydia, it was certainly not the case that the Lydians were themselves Greek.
Further your claim of a lack of coinage during this era in the region of the middle east is odd considering that the bulk of the coinage of this era was produced by the Achamenid (Persian) empire.
You missed that the first Jewish Temple was destroyed in 500 bce. According to Jewish tradition this is what launched the Axial Age. The destruction of the Temple unleashed a more rational approach to spirituality that extinguished prophecy and replaced the superstitious cults in Europe and Asia.
How can you claim that these people from 500 BC were the foundation for the Abrahamic religions? Abraham himself lived in 2000 BC and Moses was like 1300 BC. I guess you can claim it influenced Christianity and Islam. But pretty much the entire Old Testament was before the axial age
Moses and Abraham are not real people they are mythological figures. ask a rabbi they will tell you.
Very curious about ancient African history
Dang, man, I just read Bertrand Russell's history of western philosophy. Very good book!
I love that book
@@WhatifAltHist suggest - Will Durant's Story of Philosophy as well - also, 1491, 1493, and "What is History" by Carr
my favorite thing about Bertrand Russell was he just kept pounding in the Greek third of the book about the different focus on the number of things, whether it was 1 (Atomic), 2 (dualism), 3 or 4... it was just great how they bounced back and forth - and somehow it kept up somehow into the 1800s. I had a hard time with his view of all philosophers having to have slaves (he was an aristocrat) and him being so conservative (as in against democracy) but I kinda get it. The Christian book - the only thing I took from that was that his take on the Jewish contribution was minimal, whereas he takes Origen and Augustine as far more important. I think the third book reached its apex in its chapter on Locke and Hume, but I loved his take on Voltaire. I think Durant does a better job on those later philosophers. I also think Russell focused too much (pages and pages!!!) on logical symbolism - but at least he gives honest opinions that he is trying to say what he thinks other philosophers actually think and that he sometimes doesn't really get it all entirely.
Confucius say: man with hole in pocket feel cocky all day ⚡️
20:09 hey, that's not entirely true, Ezra lived on that time period, and the Jews came back from captivity at that time and rebuilt the Temple.
The Silk Road. That is all.
is there a Inca Empire vid?
The iPhone charging sound kills me please stop it ❤❤
Is there a way to have you on a podcast or chat
I think you need to include second temple Judaism into this group of religions and philosophies
I am not sure about your coin theory. The medians/persian had coinage since the 5th bc, Egypt since the 4th. We have lots of records from the Persian empire, it’s all Persian though, and ignored by classic studies.
Oh Lord, Rudy, what happened to your thumbnail bro?
Edit: That's a bit better!
43:13. How does the old saying go? "There is nothing new under the sun."
Very interesting video Eduardo 👍
Rudy!!!🥰
South India was tribal nah mate maybe you need to learn lot about India 😅
very insightful
35:00 Funny, I used to think Plato was a brilliant philosopher and came to the opposite conclusion with time. The more I learn about Plato's philosophy, the less I respect it and those who abide by it
58:06 Mircea Eliade? I don't expect him to know how to pronounce Romanian names but this was painfully hard to decipher
How do you pronounce it?
7:30 is that why i have to bring/buy a coconut to mandir?
sweet more please
I love your videos but please work on the thumbnail
LMFAO
Lol, why are you concerned about his thumbnail?
Anything other than clickbait is unworthy of your cursor?
Nah it’s great
Thumbnail is perfectly adequate
Source: trust me dude@@TheMightyWalk
You should commission an artist to draw anime girls for your thumbnails. People love those damn animes
I don't understand why Judaism doesn't count as axial age
Do we actually need religion and believe in a diety? Buddhism, Confucianism, communism are more of a philosophy. We seem to need something to believe that's more relevant to our present societal conditions
Feminism, Progressivism and Woke are the new Religions
Rupert Sheldrake. Morphic resonance
Coming here 2 months after this video got posted, boy was he wrong about the debate. lol
"middle east didnt have coinage" Wrrong! The Persian Achaemenid Empire had coins ~ 500 BC
Rudyards religious cope is hard to sit through sometimes
Just another symptom of a society in decline. Religion is one of the first branches we reach for when the free-fall begins.
Why tuff you keep saying the asian socities didn't had good documentations. Just coz they are not in western libraries ? 😂
Trad Chad with a big Dad.
"middle east didnt have a market economy" LOL!!!
“Greater Israel”
"America has always been part of Israel."
I love your videos. I am a little jealous of the breath of knowledge acquired, but I'm surprised you talk about the future in hundreds of years being that we live in the nuclear age and society is degenerating at a very fast clip. I don't think humanity will survive and thrive for another 10 years much less hundreds of years. I'm surprised you haven't spoken to that.
There’s only one true solution to this, and that’s to return to Christianity ✝️☦️ CHRISTOS ANESTI 🕊️
alithos anesti!
Some churches are literally woke heaven. It's disgusting
Wasn't there already morality in ancient Greek mythology before the Axial Age?
You sacrificed goats and cows to the gods, sure, but you also had to resist hubris, being a bad host or guest, and lead a good, heroic life to reach Elysium. Those that broke the laws of morality were punished like Tantalus, those that acted in accordance to the moral codes were rewarded.
Sounds like a religious moral system to me.
Tbh I think this video would better fit Whatifalthist channel than this one
(Nitpick) Dates with all maps, plz.
12 minutes in, there are a lot of unsupportable generalities being thrown about and it's clear the speaker isn't very familiar with what he's talking about- no "market economy" in "the middle east"- does he just mean coin based economies? Because "market economy" typically refers to something else. The commentary on religion as well, the idea of societies "progressing faster than their religions" is silly. The idea that somehow "machinery" would be a problem for Christianity because the Bible happens to use a lot of agricultural metaphors? It's not like Christianity is a thriving world religion today or anything. The speaker doesn't seem to be very familiar with religious thought at all, except as charicature.
Ah jeez, just hit "communism is a religion". I'm out lmao
religious relativism is the worst take Rudyard has. Hopefully he comes to realize that being "spiritual" is pagan BS
247 views in 30 minutes? Bro fell off
Shut up
The problem with your idea of needing one god is that people were still polytheistic for another 700 years after this era.
Äÿë!
First
🍪
The first rule of Orphism is, you do not talk about Orphism. Second rule of Orphism, you DO NOT talk about Orphism
I love this channel but bro make better thumbnails you can get so much more attention
Fix the thumbnail
europe and the middle east in 400 bc? what
That intro conversation aged poorly XD, its what I honestly expected as well but we definitely live in the most absurd times
What a myopic way of thinking. I hate that phrase, "aged good/bad".
We need a new post axial religion.