How to Defend a Star Fortress Forever in the 16th and Early 17th Century
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 12 มิ.ย. 2021
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In this video we will provide you with the most necessary knowledge to defend a star fortress forever.
Patreon (thank you): / sandrhomanhistory
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#history #siege #sandrhoman
Sources:
Hoppe, S., s.v. Festungsbau, in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit.
Lynn, J. A., States in Conflict 1661-1763, in: Parker, G. (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Warfare, Cambridge 2005.
Lynn, J. A., The trace itallienne and the Growth of Armies, in: Rogers, C. J. (Ed.), The Military Revolution Debate. Readings on the Military Transformation of Early Modern Europe, Boulder / San Francisco / Oxford 1995.
Ortenburg, G., Waffe und Waffengebrauch im Zeitalter der Landsknechte (Heerwesen der Neuzeit, Abt. 1, Bd. 1) Koblenz 1984.
Parker, G., The Limits to Revolutions in Military Affairs: Maurice of Nassau, the Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600), and the Legacy, in The Journal of Military History, 71;2, 2007; S. 331 - 372.
Rogers, C.J. / Tallet F. (editors), European Warfare, 1350-1750, 2010.
Van Nimwegen, O., The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688.
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Thanks to Audible for sponsoring this video! Start listening with a 30-day Audible trial. Choose one audiobook and two Audible Originals absolutely free: audible.com/sandrhoman or text sandrhoman to 500-500.
brilliant video thanks! hope it does well!!!
One of the better integrated adds I've found recently. Good work. :)
Can you make a viedo how to build the perfect star shaped fortress or you can make a viedo about ww1 fortresses
I'm a big fan of you !
th-cam.com/video/ddbtPfV4QdY/w-d-xo.html
Next time i will find myself defending a star fortress i will definitely use these tips.
can happen any day, you never know
You will in total war Empire 😳
@@Flow86767 If only CA would create Empire II. I am still waiting...
@@SandRhomanHistory hahahaha
Never say never…
Fun Fact: The base of the Statue of Liberty sits atop an old star fort that was built for the war of 1812
Very cool. Thanks. I had no idea. Had thought the base was merely decorative.
Its really cool if think of it
Mind. Blown.
fun fact.... my whole country has star shaped cities.... he's actually talking about my city >.>
@@rogerelzenga4465 Italy?
"How To Defend A Star Fortress Forever"
Step 1. Have infinite food and men.
Step 2.
Step 3, done.
step 2 have unlimited Water and immortal troops
If you have that you can conquer the whole fucking world
What about gunpowder?
"How To Defend A Star Fortress Forever"
Step 1. enter god mode cheat code.
Step 2.sit back and watch your cannons nuke your enemy.
Step 3, done.
@@magolvl9274 kame hame ha
The Spanish “Don’t worry once it’s winter we’ll march over the frozen water”
The Dutch “….. get the ice skates “
The skate lancer division.
Now I'm curious how would a ice skating sword fight look like
@@merdas9058 I would imagine that they would use curved slashing blades as opposed to straight stabbing ones. If fighting on ice, getting your weapon stuck in an enemy would render you a sitting duck and possibly ruin your balance. I also think that skating would allow for a cavalry-like speed optimal for slashing attacks. If stabbing was used I think it'd be in the form of one-off pikes or spears that were abandoned after stabbing someone in a charge.
War sledge incoming!
@@jerrykwan150 CURVED. BLADES.!!!
"Mi'lord, they are upons us! What are your orders!?"
Me francticly watching video: "Shut-up I'm in still on the intro!"
"THE CASTLE, MOVE IT NEAR THE RIVER!"
"SIR?"
are the "mi" part of "mi lord" still pronounced "mee" cuz that was the pronunciation of "my" at the time the phrase "mi'lord" was coined?
@@evryatis2853 Underrated comment
@Zenytram Searon big brain think
@@bobfrank3575 a much bigger brain is thinking about the origin of the word "Lord" which was "hlaf weard" which means "loaf keeper".
so my lord means "my bread dealer"
The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict is by far the most useful tool in order to protect your 16th century star fortresses
What is that?
lmao
@@birgaripadam7112 TLDR: Stuff that is relevant for Culture, e.g. Books, special architecture, and so on, is protected under this treaty from desctruction and plunder.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Cultural_Property_in_the_Event_of_Armed_Conflict
@@finderdiler oh thanks
I thought you are talking about a boom series or joke about another video
Very nice strategy, seems overlooked in recent conflicts.
And then the enemies decide to just build a bigger star fort around your star fort.
Pretty much what Julius Ceasar did
In alesia? Think the mongols did something similar
@@GuinessOriginal But Caeser did it first
@@1orangutan656 who knows, some caveman in the mesopotamian age probably did
@@1orangutan656 Ok, and? I might be missing something, in fact I probably must be, but why does that matter? All Guinness did was say that they thought the mongols did something similar. Guinness didn’t say that the mongols did it first, they just asked if the mongols did it at all.
9:00 Psychological warfare about food stock: In my hometown Neuss there is a story about one time during the countless sieges the city endured they had it really rough and almost no food left. So they decided to take their last cow for a walk on the wall to mock their enemies.
they did a little trolling
Good thinking, even if it got shot the meat would be usable!
Considering how many cities feature this story in their history books, it was probably rather common at a certain point in time. The viennese version of this tale is even wittier, as they walked their last ox on the wall, painted it white, went for yet another walk, painted it black, for a third walk and so on. The goal was to make the besiegers believe that there were many oxen left.
@@valentinmitterbauer4196 there's also a story like this in france during the muslim invasion in the early middle ages
@@valentinmitterbauer4196 Portugal also has an old story similar to this
I'm sorry, but if I have to siege a city for 21 years, then clearly they want it more than I do. I would have let them keep Crete.
I think a country the size of Bangladesh could be built for 21 years, and Bangladesh is likely worth as much as 1,000,000 middle age cities.
@@1mol831 ...ok?
@@1mol831 Huh?
@@1mol831 what
That's because you're a weak man
SandRhoman History's next video: The Staggering Siege of the Hive City of Vervunhive
Since Abnett gives a lot of details and uses maps it would be possible to do :P
@@SandRhomanHistory I would love to see this as well.
@@SandRhomanHistory Its too bad he had to skip one half of the defense of Hagia, otherwise it would have made a great sequel
@@SandRhomanHistory please do it
@@Gandalf50Shades yeah but the series was at its best in Honor Guard and the following books, imo.
Spain:we need to buy more supplies for the war
Dutch: I Heard you want to buy something
Spain: but we’re at war with you
Dutch: And do you want to buy or not don’t waste our time
Hilarious in that the Dutch first reaction would be to sell.
It was just good business
This is the irl equivalent of getting the economic victory condition in a 4X game
People often fail to realize that countries at war with one another didn't stop trade with either side until World War II. Even in World War I, the US was paying royalties to Germany for the bolt on the M1903 bolt.
@@moblinmajorgeneral that's not trade though, nor is it as you say; the lawsuit wasn't finalized until 1921 and first payments were paid in after that
Wife: "Honey, why isn't the washing machine fixed yet? You said you were watching a how to video"
Me: "Now technically thats still true..."
My girlfriend actually lives in the village of "naarden" wich is an still almost tottaly intact star fortress in the netherlands next time im around ill use this video as a guide to keep the' in laws away! Many Thanks!
Dont forget the hand grenades!
@@jakobinobles3263 If all of that don't work just try bad food, unwashed sheets and loud music.
to clarify, by "girlfriend" he means his hand, and by "in laws" he means his mom yelling at him to stop playing on the computer and get a job.
Ik ben er geboren Naarden vesting
@@BoopSnoot Stop to dusturb
You know you got the defences in the bag when you hear "the people worship you sire!"
"The keep is enclosed"
You know you're doing bad if you hear "site your granary, sire"
"Wood Needed"
People are leaving the castle, my Lord!
If our kingdom is to prosper, it needs more heroes.
Me: Should actually learn for University since exams are next month.
Random history TH-camr: "Hey, wanna see how to defend a star fortress forever?"
Me: "Well, better be safe than sorry."
Fuck our lives!
Hey, you never know when you could get transported to the past!! Or have to rebuild civilization from scratch! It's critical information. Now I'm going to see videos on metallurgy! :P
@@ImperatorRomMy dreams be like:
Btw give me the source!
America: *Drops a Fatboy*
Me in the fortress: "Well, shit.."
Me : *Climbs out of the rubble, weapon in hand* "NICE TRY, BUT FOREVER MEAN FOREVER"
I think this would fall in the category of Walls/Defenses. Just build a Dome over your city. Plant some SAM missiles and Radars or an Iron Dome system on and around the Dome.
Oh, and Fighterjets as sorties of sorts.
Fatboy! You're like 70 years late.
High trajectory explosives is pretty much why fortresses became obsolete. First the howitzers grew powerful enough to sweep exposed troops and demolish houses, then planes could drop high explosive bombs, and finally nukes.
Water, Earth, Fire, Stocks, Flesh, Time - the Avatar is Master of all Elements. But when the besieged needed him most - he disappeared...
lmfao
It was only after 100 years did me and my brother find a new Avatar, a TH-camr named Sandroman, and even though he has a lot to learn I believe he can save the world...
AVATAR - The Last Fortbender
@@alexanderthompson7164 Europe in peace and harmony - truly a fantasy setting!
@@CellGames2006 Warvatar, He who bends Forts either to be impenetrable or be besieged like a thin wood door.
Flesh bending too OP
Ironically in Antwerp it was the fixing of the price of bread, not the Spanish attempts at a blockade, which caused the merchants to stay away. They could make the same amount of money by just trading at home so they saw no reason to risk running the Spanish guns.
That’s where having a government elsewhere use eminent domain to give you bread bought from the merchants is a good idea
@@evannibbe9375 heh?
@@PolishBehemoth merchants; yay I got bread
Government; I need bread , it's now mine
Merchants ; aww :(
Don’t mess with the free market
@@cara-setun I'mma tread even harder now
Seeing all the careful covering and angling of parts of the forts, I can see why howitzers and indirect fire became far more popular.
Back to trebuchets
The 80-year war or Dutch war of Independence has so many examples of this. There are towns to this day that retain their star fortress battlements, well worth visiting.
Remember, you don't have to hold out forever, you just have to hold out longer than your enemy
No Nut November but longer and worse.
@@LevNRev depends on how much can your opponent stand
If you both are really determined, you may get own wives and children before one loses
Summary: hold out as long as you can to try and force a Pyrrhic victory on your enemy.
Yet another interesting & well researched video, thanks
Yes, if you prove to be a worthy advisary you can negotiate surrender on very good terms. But there is a not definable Line you can't cross: If you hold out to stoutly the attackers might unleash revenge on your city, even if you surrendered on favourable terms. Breda will agree on this...
@@rubenskiii This is the biggest reason most sieges ended when the defenders approached low food or saw the inevitability in their loss.
Superficial research
It is now canon in my head that SandRoman History is one of the small surviving strategy and tactics of mankind written in the Tactica Imperialis. From what remains of DaoT youtube.
Instructions were unclear, took Jerusalem instead.
Thanks, now I can finally build a star fortress around my village, declare it as an independent country and defend it from attacks! Wish me luck!
Ive always wanted to do that
Heads up, if you do that me and my town WILL lay siege to yoyr nearly declared country
Also, if you resist the above, you will be labeled a "racist" by everyone, which is the modern equivalent of being excommunicated from Christendom.
u still building it?
I HATE THE ANTICHRIST!!!!!!
"How to defend a star fortress forever"
Me, who has watched some of this channel's videos: "Impossible."
Me who watches Shadiversity (and only stumbled upon this video): "Impossible."
Without a field army all forts fall. Starving happened or the people give up as their homes fall to fire.
Me, with Cobalt bomb= "parry this you filthy besiegers!" *proceeds to give everyone extreme radiation sickness and made the fort immune to invation because high radioactivity*
The fort defender survives as a ghost, guarding the fort for eternity
@@alifio2183 I guess that would work.
How to defend a star fortress forever?
With the power of friendship
I am happy to report that not only has this video helped me save my people, it has allowed us to project our power over our neighbors and become the very villains we once fought against.
Don't worry, someday I'll take that villainous throne from you!
As a 16th century general I'm really glad this video exists. I found it really helpful for my campaign in Hungary thank you ❤❤❤.
As a military general in the 17th century I highly recommend 10/10 guide worked extremely well when I beat back those Spanish.
glad we can help sir!
You never win the spanish!
Andalusia will return for your wine and your women !!!
How to survive a siege:
Wait till September when THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVE
COMING DOWN THEIR MOUNTAIN SIDE
@@unlimitedpower1385 then the winged hussars arrived
@@unlimitedpower1385 TO CLASH AND TURN THE TIDE
Idk the lines...
I came here for the Sabaton comments, and I was not disappointed
Or even the......
PANZER ELITE!
I've seen a few of these built by the Spanish. The one in Saint Augustine Florida is my favorite. It has never been taken by force. Only changed hands by treaty. The walls were built from local coquina stone which is sea shells compressed over millions of years.
The walls absorbed cannon balls and got impeded in the walls rather than breaking them.
"Nuke it, it will work"
-MacArthur
You're fired!
~King Harry "the True Man" 3rd
How to defend a star fortress forever
EU4 players: *incomprehensible screeching*
99% gang
I honest to god thought this was an EU4 video when I clicked on it, but watched it anyway
@@asgrahim9164 mega sadness gang
Mfw cant just drop 10,000,000 paratroopers to capture everything
The segue into the advertising was so smooth.
Too smooth, I couldn’t even tell until the last moment
I thought the same thing
NEVER AGAIN WILL THE LANDS OF MY PEOPLE FALL INTO ENEMY HANDS
@@FutureBoyWonder How dare these guys make a living off their college education. We should all shun them. Never again shall they teach us history!
@@FutureBoyWonder We live in a world were some people are too stuck up to be able to have a chuckle
@Cancer McAids Dude, get another username if you want to moralize
Cheers mate, these tips really came in handy, still got my fortresses.
Nice switch to the sponsor. I read Necropolis years ago and thougt, "wait, I do know that map" before realising the picture of Gaunt Himself.
Straight Silver!
"Bok, intruder!"
That is good thinking on your part but there is a mistranslation, bok means shit but it simply isnt used by turkish people. We use "Siktir !" Which can be roughly translated as "Fuck it !". Good video as usual !
And here we once again witness the influence the ottomans left in the Balkans. "Siktir" is also used in Greece, alongside many other Turkish phrases.
damn, well alright. thanks for letting us know!
@@bigpotato8 - Croatians apparently use "bok" (instead of pan-Slavic "nashdravia") when they raise their glasses or bottles for cheering. This is arguably an innovation in an attempt to differentiate the unique language Serbocroatian along political lines.
In Crotian bok means hi, it seams i was calling people shits all my life.
@@LuisAldamiz nah... Croatian "bok" is a greeting not a drinking salute...
it comes from "bog" or "god" in english... coming from "bog s tobom" or "may god be with you"...
Croatian drinking salute is "zivili" meaning "live long"...
this may be _"an innovation in an attempt to differentiate the unique language Serbocroatian along political lines"_ as you say... not sure...
Nice point at the end. Fortresses are not meant to be invincible, but if they can be so costly to take, to end the war it is their ultimate purpose.
It's a Fundemental law in defence, even to this day: Make taking your city or something else more Trouble then it's worth... They will reconcider their attack.
Funny side note: it's a great tactic to defend your home against burglers as well, if your house is better protected then the bigger house next door you are most likely never gonna be victim of such crimes.
You said it CORRECTLY.
That transition into an ad was possibly the most masterful I've ever seen. Holy shit...
I'm a free-lance medieval siege defense engineer and I can confidently say that I started getting more calls from employers thanks to having this video on my CV.
Me: tries to fall asleep while listening to calming soft yoga sounds
Sandrhoman: how about warhammer 40k
FOR THE EMPEROR, WHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA !
@@tachy1801 WWWWWWAAAAAAAAAGGGGHHHHH
th-cam.com/video/PdROMMaUdlc/w-d-xo.html
Video title :"(ASMR) 1 hour of Moar Dakka for a calm, relaxing sleep"
At the start of the 30 Years War, Hamburg got itself nice brand new star fortifications from Dutch engineers. It ended up being the only major city in Germany that nobody even tried to attack during the war.
Imagine reincarnating as someone in medieval like or renaissance world but remembering every video like that, every yt analysis of historical battles. That would be cool as heck.
I’ve heard Death Stars are significantly harder to defend.
That's because they're moon shaped instead of star shaped
Who needs Bear Grylls when you can build a star fortress
1.Get lost in the jungle
2.Build a star fortress near the river
3.Intercept travelling natives, scientists and coke smugglers
4.Pressure them into military service
5.Spread your area of control to surrounding native settlements
6.Proclaim independence saying your country is called Amazon.com
7.Threaten Bezos with lawsuits and invasion
8.????
9.You're a rich dictator now
Beat Grylls will lead the sorties and make sure men get their vitamins.
@@Sk0lzky You're thinking too loud
spanish habsburger: NO YOU CANT BREAK YOUR DEICHS
dutch: water goes blub blub
now since we all know how to defend it, we can start building one. who starts kickstarter?
Lets just take Ostende
We can't take ostende because they saw this video
One of the smoothest segues into an advertisement I have witnessed on youtube! First time viewer, sufficiently impressed with animations, images and narration! If this is your standard, then kudos to your group!
you are setting a very high standard for history channels, fantastic work. thanks for all the sources, as usual
the moment you mentioned the wing hussars of poland insert satabon's song wined hussars. :P
*then the winged hussars arrived.*
COMING DOWN THE MOUNTAINSIDE
Sabaton - winged hussars
watch?v=rcYhYO02f98
just for those looking for the song.
one of the most well done ad sections I have seen in a youtube video, very very smooth.
Awesome video! I really liked, that there were so many reflections to real sieges. It was perfect, because source material help a lot to prove points, but also it wasn't just digging through tons of historic material.
19:59 yes, Cadia broke before the Guard did, but Candia just surrendered
Lasguns still fireing as she broke.
After the French showed up you mean
@@wagnercarvalho1854 ultimate weakness
Cadia. STANDS.
I live in todays Candia , well after 21 years of siege , the terms of surrender were actually more complex. The reason was treason , as the main engineer that constracted the city walls , after a fight with franchesco morozzini ,the citys commander , gave important information to the ottomans about weakpoints on the walls , where they should dig and place explosive. That , plus the failed counter attack of the allies and the accident that exploded the french flagship broke the morale of the defenders.
Thank you for these great tips! You never know when you have to defend a star fortress in these trying times
Author Geoffrey Parker has a great book "Success Is Never Final" in which he addresses star fortress defense strategy.
Wow, your channel is fantastic! I am highly interested in that era of military history and it is astonishing to see that kind of quality on several aspects and the love for details. Keep it up! I hope you become way more popular.🤩🤩🤩
I am really happy you make these videos. The early modern period is fascinating and underappreciated. I think the complexity of this period is what pushes people away but it is also what makes it so interesting.
SandRhoman History: "How To Defend A Star Fortress Forever"
Howitzers and 20th century aircraft: "I'm about to end this mans whole career"
SAMs and C-RAMs
yea thats why the new wars will be fought underground. the air war in desert storm, the drone wars in saudi arabia and the devestation of the armenian military by the drones. thats the path the wars are going. so heavy armored suits to fight in tunnels and close quarters.
@@a.N..... new wars weren't fought underground.
Many of the videos by SandRhoman himself already mentioned Trench Warfare especially the Swedes who fought in the Thirty Years War in thr 1600s and the Ottomans during the Siege of Vienna. This was done to protect soldiers from artillery fire. Trenches were even dug in antiquity - I forgot the name of the battle, but it was the last battle Pyrrhus of Epirus fought against the Spartans, who dug protective trenches alongside their wives before Pyrrhus' army arrived to besiege them.
Even until today from World War 1 to the Iran-Iraq War to possible future wars, as long as dirt can stop projectiles, they'll still be used very extensively in warfare.
The guys that literally blew up from dysentery was the most impactful part of this doc for sure! I had no idea it could get that bad
This is my first time watching your channel and I must say I am throughly impressed. It was a complete joy. Thank you.
That was a smooth lead in to the advert. I like it.
Imagine a game based off of these sieges, similar to holdfast but in the style of BF5’s grand operations, attack outer walls, attack a bastion, fight on the walls, fight in the city.
There could be some naval combat as well, like a frigate vs a galleon or two
Maybe you could play as cannons, that would be awesome
I know it’s all wishful thinking but how cool would it be to play as an Austrian sortee at Vienna or attack Antwerp as the spanish
same idea lol
Chivalry 2 seems to have pretty okay siege warfare, even though that is not quite the age of star fortresses.
Great video! And that add integration was smooth as can be... nice!
My friend send this link in a GC and I forgot everything else existed for 20 minutes, the way you explain things is just so interesting!
Turning your land battle into a sea battle is the most Dutch thing I can think of .
Just from the title this vid seems SO interesting! Can't wait to watch it all
the art and animation you use is so stunning and brilliantly compliments your vids.
THANK YOU SO MUCH! I NEEDED THIS TUTORIAL REALLY SWIFTLY!
As a citizen of Venlo I am happy you mentioned the city at 14:29
My grandma’s last star fortress was unfortunately taken down, bless you for your strategies , I will pass this on
I gotta say, your ad integration is top notch. I watched your whole Audible spiel
That was the smoothest ad transition I've ever seen on TH-cam. Props
How to defend a star fortress: make sure no one attacks it e.g.: Mars, or a secluded area which nobody wants, or telepathicly control the great powers of the world. It's your choice
That's why Switzerland was never invaded in both world wars, it would cost a lot of money and manpower for nothing
@@matteoaievola8643 it was a bit more complicated but you agree with me so you are right 👍
@@decorn2542 yeah I know it's only one of the reasons
@@matteoaievola8643 can ya elaborate a bit why nobody wants switzerland?
11:09 that awkward moment when the entire city just disappears
That way of getting us into the add before we realise where you have brought us was just brilliant
OMG TSYM FOR UPLOADING THIS my neighbor has been seiging my city for about a month and your methods are helping, cheers!
The first time I saw the title, I thought SandRhoman was doing a Star Wars video…
maybe one day :)
@@SandRhomanHistory How well would Mark 3 Dark Troopers (SW Legends) do against a standard Jedi Knight?
Warhammer 40K was much more about sieges than Star Wars ever was.
I had to do a double take with the 40k reference 😆😆😆 Ave Imperator!
I worked at a Vaubant style star fortress at the citadel of Quebec. Its pretty impressive to see the thick walls and how advanced the techniques were done
Omg thank you so much I really needed these tips
One very important additional advantage of water defenses is to neutralize the options for digging tunnels and undermining. Indeed, this might be the most important advantage. Very little can be done to stop capable sappers on dry land.
I was not expecting to see 40k referenced in a video about medieval forts. I have to agree that Necropolis is easily a must read and a fantastic novel. I am actually currently reading Only In Death.
My man you are saving my life right now. You know hard it is to find a video like that?( even when you're deliberately looking for it)
JUST WHAT I NEEDED! THANK YOU!
But you see, I have the star DESTROYER in my arsenal…
-Palpatine, probably
The early modern period is highly underrated for settings of books and tv-shows. The political landscape and the tactics and technology employed in warfare in the early modern period are just so interesting and would make for great entertainment. Like: a siege lasting 20 years ? That is insane.
true
Completely true. There are many renaissance shows and films. And many about the American revolution and the 18th century. But the 200 or so years in between are completely forgotten.
Evident by those nutcases who think Star fortresses are pre-biblical structures.
Yeah, idk if I can cover the entire fortress. Man I love these videos! Great job as always!
Really good video, I never knew the early modern period was so interesting. Liked and subscribed.
That was a smooth transition into the sponsorship lol.
Me watching this like:
"Mmmmmm yes this will definitely be useful later in my life"
Smooth audible plug bruh. Well done
This was really good. I subscribed. Looking forward to watching more
Thanks for the sub!
19:58 hold up... did you just say Cadia fell?
;)
This is basically a recap episode, you get before season finales... I hope this means something big is comming!!!
That audible promotion was _smooth_ , like seriously Dan Abnett is one of my favorite authors so listening to Necropolis while working or in transit is a serious talking point
Love the content. Thanks man.
Owning a star fortress?!?!? In this economy?!?!
Imagine how effectively the legions could have defended Rome with 16-17th century tactics and equipment!
Doesn't matter: Romans had excellent fortresses, Ravenna could really never be conquered and Rome only fell because they (those pesky Byzantines) just could or would not relieve it. Rome had even excellent border fortresses but one cols spell in the winter could mean that the whole river was frozen and the barbarians could ignore such defenses altogether. It was not a problem of tactics and equipment, it was a problem of overall decadence, of inability to keep the Empire, especially the Western Empire after Diocletian's partition (which deprived it from 3/4 of tax revenue and political centrality for Italy, as well as other counter-producing reforms such as forcing citizens into serfdom, which reduced military manpower, having to resort to dubious mercenary forces instead), economically sound and its peoples motivated to remain loyal (hardly ever debated but the bagaudae were very important in the final Roman collapse, after all only the barbarians could keep order if at all).
At they time, the walls of Rome were sufficient.
Most attackers did not even had siege engines like onager.
Only after the intruduction of gunpowder the needed something stronger.
@@molybdaen11 the late Roman legions faced far more capable Germanic resistance from the 3rd century onwards.
The onager itself is useless as a siege weapon. It cannot break through a wall above a certain thickness. With thick fortress walls being the main reason for the replacement of torsion catapults with trebuchets in the medieval period.
Hence why if the late Roman Empire had access to cannons and matchlocks there would have been little contest between themselves and the German tribes, as their greater manufacturing capacity would make Germanic attacks far less easy on the German end.
Your segue to your sponsor was so smooth I actually wanted to listen to it.