The complex evolution of homo sapiens - 1,000,000 to 30,000 years ago
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 พ.ค. 2024
- The evolution of you. 1,000,000 years ago to 30,000 years ago.
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Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
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Excellent choice of sponsor
It should be noted that Mt. Eve was older than YDNA Adam by about 50-90 thousand years.
I'd love to have these
You could mention the Inspiration 4 crew orbiting the earth on Spacex capsule, if you are still looking for something profound to end this video
Imagine you're walking through the forest and suddenly, there is a guy holding a spoon talking to himself with a row of human skulls besides him... 😀
And he's like "hey there, nice round cranium" 😅
@@dustinking2965 dead
@@dustinking2965 nice glob
And he greets you like "hello my fellow globbby globby head
I live in his neck of the woods. (Ha) So there’s a chance I’d see this. And of course you’d have to photo bomb it!
This man is living the dream. Sitting around the woods on a nice day in his hoodie hat and boxers just enjoying the day talking into a spoon about ancient history. ...thats the life.
Seriously, what's with the spoon? Why can't he just put it down or in his pocket. Loved this video, though!
hats are itchy
I thought it was only me noticing the spoon 😀
Humanity has come a long way lol
"Mummy the strange man with the spoon and hominid skulls is back again"
"Don't stare poppet"
"everyone who comes into my house asks about the skulls" is a pretty funny statement. I'd be worried if someone came into your house and didn't ask about "the skulls"
Stefan, I was stuck in a religion that caused me to deny evolution for 35 years. I escaped and am a free thinker today. I appreciate that YOU are creating this easily digestible and informative content to educate people like me providing evidence based thinking that challenges young earth creationism.
no offense, but no amount of education can allow people to escape. The only way to educate people is prevent young impressionable minds from being brainwashed in the first place.
Glad to hear your story, have a good day
I am a religious person but I don't belong to the toxic Christian fundamentalist religion that rejects evolution
@@funky555 doesn’t their story show that people can stop believing that stuff?
@@TheOne23_he probably never believed in it, he simply was to oppressed to even think about it. I highly doubt someone who never doubted their beliefs and is 100% positive evolution isn’t real would ever be able to change its mind
I’m RC I study anthropology and archeology with great interest and have done most of my adulthood. The catechism doesn’t say a single word about these not being worthy and edifying pursuits. It says the opposite…
"Everyone coming into my house always asks about the skulls." That's a hell of a sentence.
Only a globby human could say such a sentence.
Same for me but swords and artefacts… us history TH-camrs are a strange bunch ..
Are we the baddies?
The same is true at my house but, I got my skulls from Skull Duggery.
@@6NBERLS you can order actual human skulls from india. They have a ton skeleton farms, where i get mine
This might sound weird, but one time i had to have a magnetic scan of my entire skull in preparation for an eye muscle surgery.
And it was so strange that for a brief moment, i could see my own skull on a screen.
Every memory in life and who i am as a person, contained within a fragile calcium shell.
Its ridiculous how fragile newborn skulls are- they get deformed just by resting on a matress, bit to speak off the giant pulsating hole on top... nature should give us a better helmet, man, we have bikes now, we need an Upgrade.
I had the same scan, but mine was acres long?
They x-rayed my head and found nothing but an empty PBR can.
I had this done because my house gate that weights a little less than half a ton. I still have them to this day. It’s such a surreal experience. You really have to appreciate something like archaeology or anthropology to be able to see something that’s you in the same way you see all these other people’s skulls, it really makes you feel your humanity and connection to theirs
@@princesseville6889 the reason a newborn childs skull is so soft is because it has to pass through birth
I can’t express how much I appreciate your videos. I was raised in a religious family, went to a private religious school and was never taught a realistic version of evolution and especially human evolution. Thank you for helping me expand my understanding of the reality and complexity of our ancestors. Thank the gods for TH-cam and the internet to help people like me access this information. The evidence of evolution makes it a fact in my world view. And it’s so amazing to me. Thank you again for being one of many creators to help me understand my gaps in knowledge of these topics.
Its a very amazing topic
Hi😎. I relate to your experience but kinda the other way around. I was taught evolution was sound science but now that I have listened to the opposition, it doesn’t add up. Too many holes. Takes a lot of faith to believe in evolution. Good luck on your journey
@@danieladkins5242Bit hypocritical to say evolution takes to much faith
I don’t deny my faith in God and creation. Atheists who mock religion are the hypocrites when they are faithful to unproven scientific theory that requires countless unexplainable miracles of creatures turning into different species
@@danieladkins5242 stop clowning faith when religion requires the most of it by far. At least evolution science has some drastically backing. All Christianity has is a book
This mash-up of various hominid species reminds me of cichlid evolution. These fish are the largest family of vertebrates on earth with approximately 2500 species. The Rift Valley lakes in Africa contain most species (about 1500-1800), all of which evolved from a single lineage. In Lake Victoria alone, it's thought that the 500+ species have all evolved within the last 10,000-15,000 years, and the spectacular differences in size, color, behavior and specialized physical traits are stunning to say the least. Evolution is so amazing.
And still there is one human race only, with no differences at all! Incredible!
As an artist, I am quite globby. The highest development of human consciousness manifests itself as a plastic spoon.
I think a spork
@@Yeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeet Nah. Spife (spoon-knife). I'm waiting for someone to invent a chopfork (chopstick-fork).
@@SiiriCressey Take three sharpened chopsticks and hold them in your fist. Chopfork. This is how humans arose.
@@k1m6a11 But they'd still be three things with three handles. A true chopfork would be two things with one handle.
I believe a trident chop stick was mankind’s first utensil .)
This is a strange thing to comment, but that was an actually good and relative sponsor that actually, in someway added to the video.
Yeah, if all sponsors would be so well adapted to their environment, we'd watch all their sponsorships.
@@LuisAldamiz but what you fail to realize. Every environment is a good environment for a healthy, hearty bowl of Cheerios, they keep you fit and fighting shape to survive.
@@cjlooklin1914 - Exactly my point.
@@LuisAldamiz i hate all ads on principle, but ryan george and sarcastic writing advice have some of the funniest ads i've seen
I can’t get enough of your videos, what a find!
I love your sense of humor too, you don’t take yourself too seriously.
I’m learning so much, thank you, thank you!!!
-Beth
The amount of research that goes into these videos must be insane. Thank you for this amazing content 👏👏👏
The quality of this video and its attention to detail is fantastic. Loved it.
@esp ele What do you mean? Clearly a lot of work and effort has been put into making this. Even little details like the wiggling text have been given thought.
@@HoH ignore the other person they're just trolling
I agree Stefan’s videos keep getting better and better I think this is a masterful video
Where did blacks n asians came from anyways?
@esp ele yea but how did evolution make them or what? Who what where when
I love how he stay true to his origins and even with the gear upgrade, remains loyal to the SPOON.
What is the significance of the spoon?
@@droopybosomsdragon9870 early in the channel history, Milo didn't had such a nice microphone, so to hold what he had he put the small mic attached to a spoon. It became a sort of joke and channel brand.
@@alexwendler5479 Or he was just spoon-feeding the proles?
it’s a cult at this point. i’m down with the spoon also.
great stuff! I love your enthusiasm for your subject and the presentation is great!
Any great teacher can make a complex subject accessible and worthy of further exploration by simply being entertaining and insightful. Nice work.
My favorite thing about your videos is how you add in the little controversial points and make it a point to add them and also say that they’re controversial. Such a great channel!
I can't begin to properly capture the joy I feel when I get a notification that you've got a new video up. Cheers!
Easily my favorite Anthro channel
Best channel.
This channel is one of those I watch the moment I see the notification.
I'd like to guess your geographical location based on language.
You sound like your from london!! Lol. (Get him to the greek)
Same here!
I think most people imagine a long continuous trek when we talk about hominid migrations. But the average speed of movement to go 5000 kilometers in, say, 10,000 years is very slow. If each day, when they woke up, they moved their campfire over a meter or two, that would do it. I suspect long term migrations are more a once a generation relocation of the next generation to a fresh spot, ten or twenty kilometers away. Perhaps punctuated with longer journeys lasting a few days.
Also fission.
I think you are underestimating it. Humans are built for distance travel. It's 1 of the only impressive physical traits we have compared to other animals.
Yeah, I think the home range of humans is wider than that; think about how they would eventually deplete an area of the natural fauna. They certainly would move more than 10 kilometers a generation, they likely would have home ranges that spanned 100s of square kilometers and that would slowly expand as more distinct groups emerge pushing home ranges further apart. Modern hunter gatherers, while not the best analog for early Homo sapiens, move much more than your estimate as well. Humans are very efficient long distance walkers, we basically just fall forwards and use less muscle energy than other animals so our ability to travel far to obtain diverse resources resources is likely a very important adaptive trait of our ancestors. We can often find Paleolithic stone tools in areas far from a good source of chert.
@@infinitemonkey917 we can throw stuff! yay!
@Eastern fence Lizard
Given a rich enough environment it seems that its perfectly possible for hunter gatherers to live in settled communities. I wonder just how far back the first "village" was.
This is such a fascinating field of study and it’s mind boggling to think of the complex historical journey to where we are now. It is also a testament to to the innate curiosity that drove the dedication of generations of archeologists and scientists who have committed to investigating these mysteries. The presentation of this enormously complex topic into such an entertaining and informative documentary is impressive including the acknowledgment of the vast amount we don’t know or secrets that are yet to be discovered.
Amazing video !! just hooked to this channel since I discovered it for the passion that Stefan has for human evolution and the amount of research efforts and attention to detail that goes into making these videos !!!
Literally the first time ever I've seen such a good ad placement on TH-cam.
I didn't even realize it was an ad while he was talking about it
How many generations did it take for those early Africans to develop white/fair skin once they reached what is now Europe? Did fair skin develop BEFORE they reached Europe…
@@prettyprudent5779 probably not given lack of melanin makes you far far more likely to get skin cancer. It might have evolved multiple times in different populations.
@@andrew7955 - I've read where Neanderthals are thought to have a range of skin tones (depending on the population and location) like today's Sapiens have.
Absolutely loved it.
One Observation: in the beginning you put a question mark on whether early hominids loved each other. I see no reason to doubt that they did so in the very profound way that we do.
Probably they had less sophisticated social structure (which is a fascinating issue), but everything indicates that our emotional and behavioral structures were quite similar.
If we can see so much similarities with chimps, imagine what emotion you would see in the eyes of a mother Neanderthal toward her boy: nothing other than LOVE. I have no doubt.
I do have no doubt that they loved each other. Just can’t be sure that the accumulation of those remains was a result of love.
i'm sure it varied amongst individuals, and mothers are actually people with complex emotions like everyone else, what you are referring to is the cult of motherhood. i bet you say she'd lift a pickup truck up off her baby too
Love your comment!
💚🌍✌️😎
@@StefanMilo at a very basal level, it may be an issue of convenience. Dead bodies smell, bring predators, bring disease, and can be painful reminders of tragedy. On a more "human" level, disposal of bodies provides closure in addition to the convenience. I think the distinguishing factor will be if there is any evidence of ritualised practice in the nearby vicinity.
The pit of children from nearly a million years ago that had been cannibalized might have even arose from a similar reason why some cultures in the past 100 years even consumed their dead. Was there evidence that they might have died in various ways and were later eaten? Could it have been early forms of sacrifice to their deities or just for the greater good which I believe was a fairly common practice in some modern civilizations into the late 1800s and I am sure has had to have been practiced by more remote peoples or even desperate families in times of famine and such up to modern day.
My gosh you make the best content!
Congratulations on your level of lecture mastery.
Loved every second of it!!
Just stumbled across your channel and after this video, I'm not going back. I love anything human evolution and you just hit the spot that I was looking for! Thank you for your work, and I'll be perusing it for weeks to come =)
This was really interesting! One of my favourite stories from human history is that Cheddar man (thought to be one of the first Britons) was found to have a living relative just half a mile from his cave in Cheddar Gorge. Imagine your ancestors only making it half a mile from your home over tens of thousands of years!
It's a fascinating subject, if you haven't already made a video about it - including the genetic testing showing what he might have looked like (dark skin and blue eyes!).
i have a neighbour who i have lived 10 mt. away for 26 years and i dont no his name nor do i want to ?
@@davidcanetti6927 What? Some neighbour you are
Yeah it's pretty cool. I find it strange that they were all uniformly blue-eyed. They were related to Eastern Hunter-Gatherers too I think. Blonde hair supposedly originated with the latter. Modern Brits don't have much Cheddar Man (Western Hunter-Gatherer) ancestry though.
"Imagine your ancestors only making it half a mile from your home over tens of thousands of years!" Imagine having roots that extend back tens of thousands of years!
@@Anglisc1682 Oh, that doesn't mean the hunters and gatherers aren't our ancestors.
You each received half of the chromosome set from your parents.
Assuming, just as an example, your grandfather on the mother's side was a Slav and had the haplogroup R1a ... you will not inherit that, your mother does not have a Y chromosome ... she cannot pass that on to you ... that does not mean you do not have Slavic ancestry.
This causes some genes to disappear at some point.
Sometimes through evolution, sometimes genes change through mutation .... and sometimes simply because this or that just was there what your grandpa or grandma had, but your parents didn't inherit.
And now imagine, far in the past, a group of hunters and gatherers meet the first farmers (who could feed many more people in a smaller space) ..... and later meet other people ......
Of course, as their descendants, you no longer have the same genetic profile, but they are still your ancestors.
The blonde comes from the Yamnaya, by the way, who weren't that blonde and fair-skinned themselves. ... it was the combination of their genes and the people they found when they came from what is now called Ukraine ... so a bit like mixing colors in a water glass ...
... and you can still see them today People in northern Europe got more of this component than people in the south.
It was these yamnayagens who gave us (at least most Europeans)
with the ability to digest milk as an adult.
Unfortunately not me, I am lactose intolerant ... what a crap, if there is something really practical, I of course don't get it ...😅
I had some time to kill so thought I’d watch your latest video. It’s now an hour later and I’m still here 👌 Your editing is soooo good man
I agree - religion is bad.
No evolutionary biologist suggests anything evolutionary was an accident.
No, evolution does not respond to gaps in nature, whatever that would be. Evolution is a two step process. The first step is a random mutation in the genome. The second step is not random at all. It is the testing of that mutation in the environment (natural selection). If the mutation is beneficial, the reproduction and survival rate will increase.
Now, just because it increases doesn't mean it will fill a gap. It might just push out a less well adapted life form, taking over their spot in nature.
the video isn't even an hour long
@@DavidPigbody Lol you must didn’t understand what he said lol.. He must’ve started with another video & a hour later he’s watching this video & that’s when he made his comment🤦🏽♂️😮💨 Lmao 🤣
Isn't Stefan's work interesting and informative...
I absolutely love all of your content. You are so passionate about your work. Keep it up please!
Lovely work! I hope you will be able to revist these topics with appropriately selected updates as they develop...we need you now to help us spot the next big reveals!
Stefan, I've watched many of your videos but I don't usually leave comments. I'm a researcher, clearly older than you, not in History or Anthropology. This is you at your best. Clear, honest, complete account of the state of the art, easily understandable to lay people like me. Keep it up!
I absolutely love the dedication to the spoon bit. Please don't ever stop
OK, I'll bite, What's the thing with the spoon?
@@williamstucke5445 in his older videos he just had a lav mic taped to a plastic spoon lol
@@williamstucke5445 A hand
It's why I'm here. (And the squinty eyes.) The rest of it is over my head! (Also, he uses pine cones to prop up the skulls. Cool.)
@@marythomas1198 I really think Milo is an accidental comedian. He just does things out of convenience, but they end up becoming memes for him & his channel, with his comment section just eating it up.
And I love every bit of it.
Absolutely love your videos and channel; great work 👏
I absolutely enjoyed this documentary. I'm trying to learn more about this topic, and luckily I found this very entertaining and informative video to teach me a lot. Loved the quotes as well. Thank you!! 😁
i feel like arnold schwarzenegger is more integral to this tale than one might expect
Is it the low sloping forehead and thickened occipital ridge?
Get to zee south of asia!!
Yah, the greatest takeaway from this video is that 65K yrs ago Arnold Schwarzenegger was my ancestor!
I feel like that statement can accurately be applied to a disturbing number of situations
When you take all these numbers in consideration, the difference in time between the home sapiens fossil in morocco, and the later ones as homo sapiens leaves Africa, you can't help but think just how close we are to the times of the early Paleolithic. Can't help but to think we are just very high tech (but artistic!) cavemen
@TRIDAZ I hope you at least have electricity and running water!
Yep,,that will be our next evolution
We are basically the same, we did nto get smarter, but we have new wys of storing and sharing alrady existing ng knowledge to build upon. Hence the rapid development in recent decades
@@tesmith47 Somehow I am missing your point. Is it that we will be better able to get electricity and running water to obscure places? as our next advancement? No judgement, just trying to understand what you are saying.
absolutely loved the way you described everything so passionately. it felt like i was going on a real travel through ancient history. fascinating!
Beautiful video, man. Keep them coming:)
1) Squirrel shot 🤌🏽🤌🏽🤌🏽
2) repping the Patagucci
3) those transitions are sick
4) You explained human evolution and our lineage possibly better than any professor or TA I’ve had.
5) I’m only 15 minutes in so I’m gonna stop listing and watch now
The squirrel tho 👌🏽👌🏽👌🏽
COCONUT CAM 😅
The chest hair though
@@davidianhowe The coconut cam has a weird timestamp. Seconds seem to draw longer.
btw, how is your comment 2 days old? The video was just posted??
@@isancicramon0926 Because Stefan and I are Illuminati
On number one. What is that emoji?
I like the fact you mentioned the lack west African examples of early humans due this region being largely overlooked by archeologists.
All culture and people in this vid came from ancient Egypt civilization . Real black kings and queen
@@st4r444 lmao
I suppose the enviroment isn't great at preserving fossils They'd need to rely on caves to find anything worth while.
@@st4r444 lmaooo some existed but this is cringe.
@@lif3andthings763 ok inbred
Awesome freaking video. When entertainment and humour meet thorough, well researched information, it’s just a beautiful thing. Instant like and subscribe.
I've been obsessed by your videos since I found your channel. Now I just walk around the street looking intensely at people's heads to check if their skull is globular enough.
A crazy theory popped up in my head: when our direct ancesters left Africa about 65000 years ago, they might have carried some new pathology with them, beeing immune to it. But all the other Homo sapiens out of Africa where not immune and died.Just another speculation. Like your videos, great work!
Like when Europeans went to South America in the 15th century it’s possible tbh but given our nature it’s highly likely modern humans killed them off with warfare
Diseases spread very quickly in what we call “the old world” which is Africa, Asia and Europe which is why Asians and Africans didn’t die from europe diseases, it was actually the other way around in tropical areas.
@@JohnDoe-sw1rs but the diseases spread throughout the old world mostly through trade right(look how black death got to Europe from the silk road)? traders carrying the diseases with them as they travel from destination to destination, which would have not existed at this point in pre history(65000 bce), allowing the bacteria and diseases to develop isolated from one another, just as the old world did from the new world.
@@haslamabad_ Considering large mammals have been migrating between Africa,Asia, and Africa for millions of years even before the evolution of early hominids at some point at various different points in time they were likely followed closely by prehistoric humans. It’s likely that their was actually more contact between different groups of people than the fossil record currently preserves.
I love the fact that you explose how complex evolution is and are willing to explore that complexity.
@@communitydevelopment6739 Visit me and make me twenty again. I'm seventy next year🤪
@@communitydevelopment6739 Wow I missed the part where evolution was disproven by "cellular biology" lol whatever bud
All culture and people in this vid came from ancient Egypt civilization . Real black kings and queen
@@andrewmeyer8783 what came first, the cell wall or dna to make the cell wall?
@@st4r444 Thats actually false. It came from Mesopotamia(Middle East)
Well crafted piece. Lots of work went into that! You've answered so many questions in a most palatable and unoffensive way. You nailed the delivery and left me both satisfied and wanting more. Well done and thank you. Subscribed.
Incredible content, thank you for your work
I'm especially touched by the section on helicobacter pylori (24:20-25:18).
Having lost a dear one to stomach cancer some time ago, i find a weird comfort in knowing the likely culprit at least helps us understand the big picture.
How many generations did it take for those early Africans to develop white/fair skin once they reached what is now Europe? Did fair skin develop BEFORE they reached Europe..
Sorry for your loss man
@@prettyprudent5779 those in non-Scandinavian Europe itself never lightened more than the average Pakistani, but all had blue eyes. The white skin first coom from the fertile crescent and Anatolia (think the skin color of southern Italy), and even lighter skin coom from yamnayas. In Scandinavia the skin was white with variable eye and hair color.
@Byānkuza science doesn’t agree with that but whatever makes u feel good
Imagine stumbling upon Stefan making this video, somewhere deep in the forest, happily chatting next to a dozen human skulls lined up for display, as though discussing his sports trophies .. #SerialKiller #Run #YouGonnaBeTheNextTrophy
Lmao
Or getting into a random baggage Check and finding a load of skulls 🤣
+ spoon!
@@-xirx- "WHY DOES HE HAVE A SPOON OH GOD IS HE EATING THE BRAINS?!!?? OH MY GOD!!"
@@AndyCutright 😆😆😆
you are an artist, but more so you are a scholar and an excellent lecturer. i admire the depth and breadth of your work.
You are going places Stefan. You are a real and interesting presenter. Thank you.
You’re my absolute favorite for human history. Love that you still attach the plastic spoon even though you’ve graduated to a more proper quality microphone. This and the two guys that do 7 Days of Science are so good. Thank you.
Gotta love the quality of your content, you’re a godly anthropologist
Fabulous science and so well described. RS. Canada
globby anthropologist
@@communitydevelopment6739 The first life forms? Maybe. But something as complex as a human? Nah.
@@communitydevelopment6739 lol yeah ok 😂
You must be new here
Great video! I'll have to check out your others now!
One thing I did want to point out is your emphasis on what regions of the brain expanded or shrunk based on changing skull shape. The issue here is that brain size and lobe size don't really correlate with capacity in these regions. I'd say we would have to see the cortex surface area, if anything, since that's what determines the raw processing capability of these regions of the brain. The deeper white matter is mostly connective interfacing, while the raw processing happens on the surface.
But I think most of this is a rearrangement than a rescale of those specific areas. A lot of our skull shape change was related to switching from part-time knuckle walking to full-time bipedalism. The spine attaches to the skull more vertically than horizontally, and in the process the skull gains some vertical orientation and loses some horizontal orientation.
Absolutely fascinating video Stefan, top job mate!! Human evolution is one of the most interesting subjects to learn about, in my opinion everyone should be interested in their own evolution........ it's so important.
This is the first time I see someone explain evolution so well. Thank you for revealing what books won’t.
There are books that cover some of these issues, but they're not read by the typical global population. It's scientists who read them. If you're a few or many years removed from school none of this ever would have been taught, especially K-12 where in most states the curriculum is determined by religion.
There's also other YT channels that cover this info.
you should do a dedicated video on genetics and haplogroups. I tried to explain to my friend what a haplo group was the other day only to realize I didn't really understand them myself halfway thru my own description. your brief touch on them in this vid was helpful but I'd really enjoy to see a more detailed description
I've realised too through recently going back into this science - biology - palaeontology material that I've forgotten a lot of the basic headings (phrases) in use. Eukaryotes, for instance (organisms with a nucleus oh right). The number of domains of life (keeps changing anyway!). Age of homo sapiens (keeps changing too!).
When I looked up "the muddle in the middle" phrase, there were several references to changing the labels for different sets of bones.
Keeping track can be, er, time consuming.
I just found your channel and I really love your content, Stefan. I learn so much, they are engaging and thoughtful, I very much appreciate that your information comes from academic papers and peer reviewed science, and I really enjoy your sense of humor. Your videos are great and I'm happy I found them!
P.s. The art work for each video is also really great! Is it your art??
Stefan is way too savage to create such beautiful art ;)
Respect your work and presentations. Thank you for narrating our GREAT Human journey!
I’m going to study archaeology starting this September, keep inspiring mr milo!!!
Welcome to our world.
Hey same! It's been a very interesting monthxD
how has it been 1 year in?
@@jasnoors3362 Evolution is a (masonic)lie,
Reincarnation is a(masonic) lie,
Religions are (masonic) lies,
Is there more to say?
We all been deceived on a major scale. Whence the truth been known, it can stop a heart. Truth can blow a mind, as the lies collapse. The reality is opposite to what we been told. Many live in delusions and proudly so.
Can a soul survive, on the path to truth?
Can the faith be found, when life take its turns?
Will the heart in the chest keep beating warm?
What a wonderful testimonies from souls, who got saved.
What a heartbreaking tragedy from those who remianed lost.
BIBLE, every time and everywhere, as it to be only book which:
heals, guides, judge, warns, helps.
@@susanmccormick6022evolution is fake. Repent and believe the gospel
I've been wanting to say so since the first time I saw the change, but never got around to it: I simply adore the idea of keeping the spoon despite the way better mic. Love it.
Otherwise: your videos are highly addictive, Stefan, quite apart from the more scientific merits. You're definitely one of my favourite science communicators ever.
Mate you are the most interesting person. Absolutely love your videos and will probably watch all of them in time.. I wish I could ask you so many questions.. regards Gareth
Your videos make learning so easy and exciting! I love to learn about this subject but I have hard time concentrating on books/long texts, however, I could watch hours of your videos without even noticing the time passing. Also, your editing is wonderful and visuals beautiful - I very much like the forest and skulls you have here. And the beautiful illustrations are always appreciated.
Sea meet the land, day followed by night , beautiful animals in which human get so many benefits out of them such as food, milk and clothes and others. A bee that produce honey that acts as food and medicine for mankind. Trees that you get your fruit and vegetables from. A perfect life cycle. A human body that is very complex and very intelligent that has Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Endocrine System, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic System, Respiratory System, Digestive System, Urinary System, and Reproductive System.... and then you want me to believe in the evolution theory?
Everything around you indicates to the oneness of the Creator, but most of people are living in headlessness and most of them are following their desires.
My advice:- Read Quran
Obsessed with your content,can’t get enough.
Jacque Fresco: "The only limitations on the future of the humankind are those we impose upon ourselves."
Humankind: Look, a squirrel...
Yes except some nerd human will then give you the entire genome of that squirrel and their friend will describe their environment in great detail and then a buddy come along to show you the art work about squirrels and another one will demonstrate how to cook it and make its fur into mittens. Or maybe I just have weird friends.
@@communitydevelopment6739 hahahaha, religious people...
Your videos are just the right balance for the intellectual motivated and the regular guy... and gal. Thank you for your scientifically balance delivery and humble presentation. I always learn from you and also learn how to share knowledge without intimidating the layman.
Good , thoughtful and humble approach to this. Great video.
I have seen many major network channel documentaries that can’t compare to this documentary. The personal touch that Stefan adds these amazing videos is what makes them so great. I love your channel and the content you produce. Amazing work.
Evolution is not something you believe or not. It is a truth that you understand or you don't. The science doesn't care if you believe it or not.
Stefan, I really, really love your videos. I've always been fascinated by anthropology and in my amateur way, keep up with the latest scholarship. Over the past couple of years since discovering your channel, you've been both the physical manifestation of the voice in my head that always wants to talk about it (we seem to seek out and agree on almost everything) but also an amazing teacher. From one anthro enthusiast (me) to an amazing amateur professor (you) a huge thank you and keep going! This is your best stuff yet!
I love your survival in this video aka the spoon. Congrats on coming so far!!! Very representative of your mics earliest common ancestor 😉
brilliant! You made me press "buy" on the Kabwe skull from the UK. Excelent video - thank you Stefan!
Wonderful - you are one of only a handful of TH-camrs that I think are truly well above average communicator-teachers. You get the level 'bang on' for me. I have learned so much. Thanks Stefan !
I speculate that the thumbs down come predominantly from those Religious fundamentalists that believe the world is 6,000 years old.
I wish people would just learn what evolution is. Dont care if they believe it or not but once you understand it and see it in everything there is no going back.
Agreed, the basic premise isn't even difficult to understand and only relies on two facts: genetic mutations happen, and only those that survive and reproduce will pass on their genes. Extrapolate for multiple generations in different/changing environments, and that's evolution
Ironically, the way you cut and tell the audience the weight you felt to end it profoundly, was the best way to honor the topic. Another incredible masterpiece. Thank you
Great video again Stefan. The out of Africa moment 55000 - 70000 years ago, is quite nicely in line with the Toba explosion.
Yes. I had heard that that explosion coincides with a genetic bottleneck in Humans. That estimates put us at a drop in population of as low as 10000 individuals. If true, it is possible that this eruption may be responsible for the extinction, or near extinction of earlier migrations, and making room for the last migration to move into.
But it wasn't in that date. It was c. 125-90,000 years ago, because ARCHAEOLOGY SAYS SO. It fits perfectly with the Abbasia Pluvial. We know of African technologies appearing in Arabia and Palestine and also NW Africa in those days and at the end of the period also in India. There's zero archaeological evidence for any later migration to Asia.
The Toba eruption almost certainly caused a major crisis in the Asian populations (then living in South and SE Asia, not clear if they had already reached Australia) but they recovered. IMO it fits well with the mtDNA N/R expansion and on the Y-DNA side with that of K2, which produced K2a/NO (N and O, East Asia) and K2b, which left many lineages in SE Asia and Papua but most notably produced P > P1 (in Bengal and Bihar) > R and Q (in West and Central Asia). This part is clearly between Toba and the earliest Upper Paleolithic of West Eurasia.
The molecular clock has been in need of recalibration for more than a decade already.
@@torfinnzempel6123 This reported "bottleneck" neglects the genetic diversity of African populations. There's no bottleneck there. If all you're testing are Europeans, then yeah, it does look like a bottleneck. But for the Toba eruption to have created such an environmental catastrophe to nearly eliminate humans, you'd expect to see similar bottlenecks in other species. But you don't. Not in gorillas, not in chimpanzees, no in zebras, not in giraffes, not in lions or tigers or bears, not in antelope... etc. Toba is really a non-issue from the standpoint of human evolution.
Anyone else think it's weird that modern humans seemingly invented the bow and arrow right around the time of the eruption? And then never used it outside of Africa for thousands of years after that? Is it a coincidence that the Toba explosion wiped out everyone outside of Africa just as Africans invented the bow and arrow, or did the bow and arrow exist earlier, and somehow hasn't been discovered in the archaeological record from those earlier times? Did the eruption kill off enough larger game that the bow and arrow was invented purely out of necessity for hunting smaller game?
@@gadpivs - On the bow: it's not clear, it was maybe developed separately in Africa and other parts of the world (certainly it was a thing in Solutrean Europe, where it is at least depicted in rock art). The atlatl (quite apparently an Asian development which had a major impact in Europe and later America via the Upper Paleolithic of West Asia Plus) is a very comparable weapon if not better. African usage of bow seems to rely on poison (small bows without much penetrating power, very different in use to more modern "longbows", which only seem to appear later) and in other areas (SE Asia, America) this poison hunting tactics was apparently associated to the blowgun instead. These ranged weapons overall probably evolved separately in different regions at different times and we must make a distinction between impact/penetration weapons (notably spear, atlatl) and poison weapons (small bow, blowgun).
The Toba supervolcano seems to have negligible impact in Africa (other than indirect via global cooling, which was a worldwide impact) but it did have major impact in South and SE Asia, where "out of Africa" humans already lived (ignore the "molecular clock" nonsense: it's wrongly calibrated, it needs to be recalibrated and should have been recalibrated already a decade ago). This resulted in major bottlenecks in Asia but also in opportunities for expansion of the more resourceful survivors. If we look carefully we see the mtDNA clans M4'67 (in South Asia) and N and its "daughter" R (both from SE Asia probably) taking advantage of this huge crisis. Explained here: forwhattheywereweare.blogspot.com/p/continuing-with-joint-series-in-spanish.html
What an amazing source of information (and inspiration) this channel is! Thank you for providing high quality educational content that can't be found anywhere else!
This is a great video Stefan!
Wonderful thank you for your time making this video❤️
That was really excellent, Stefan. Glad to see you chasing your ambitions with these high-quality videos :)
Just started at University pursuing Archaeology. I want to do what you do. Love this channel. Thank you!!
All culture and people in this vid came from ancient Egypt civilization . Real black kings and queen
How many generations did it take for those early Africans to develop white/fair skin once they reached what is now Europe? Did fair skin develop BEFORE they reached Europe..
If I could go back that’s what I would do ! May you succeed in it and May you make our understanding a little better .
Did you bribe that squirrel? 🤣 Another excellent video! Thank you for all of the great information and your genuine love and interest in this stuff keeps me coming back. Cheers mate
As an aside from your excellent content, just bought a really decent pair of headphones nd it's apparent that you are spot on with your sound, I've gone back to re-watch/listen vid's and so ggod 🙂
A masterpiece, Stefan.
Some ideas for your future videos:
- the origins of aborigonal groups in Asia (Adaman, Negrito, Australian aborigens, New Guinea...),
- the birth of art, when, why and who
- the birth of maths, when, why and who
- The other inventions of writing (for example, there are multiple cases in subsaharan Africa, if you are interested in mysteries, type Alok stones in Nigeria)
- A fascinating subject: the great migrations: the Polynesians, the Bantu, the Indo Europeans...
- The Dark Age of Bronze Age in the Mediterranean sphere.
......
"Sticky outy face"
This is the quality of content I subscribe for. 100% educational, 100% entertaining
Except for constant usage of relatively recent cultural and social constructs such as love, family and amatonormativity for example. I guess there is no escape from cultural hegemony.
@@uvwuvw-ol3fg nope
Stefan love your skulls and love your passion for talking about early man. Very educational and cool love watching this one because I get to see all your skulls lol.
Sea meet the land, day followed by night , beautiful animals in which human get so many benefits out of them such as food, milk and clothes and others. A bee that produce honey that acts as food and medicine for mankind. Trees that you get your fruit and vegetables from. A perfect life cycle. A human body that is very complex and very intelligent that has Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Endocrine System, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic System, Respiratory System, Digestive System, Urinary System, and Reproductive System.... and then you want me to believe in the evolution theory?
Everything around you indicates to the oneness of the Creator, but most of people are living in headlessness and most of them are following their desires.
My advice:- Read Quran
Omg so exciting to hear about Sri Lanka in your video. I am from Sri Lanka and the indigenous group that you mentioned is called the Vadda population. I am hoping you would mention them more in your future videos. 😊
You've leveled up your production quality.
Congratulations, every time, you perfect, tennis ball, head.
How many generations did it take for those early Africans to develop white/fair skin once they reached what is now Europe? Did fair skin develop BEFORE they reached Europe
Ugh. Now I cant unsee the tennis ball head.. 😤
@@prettyprudent5779 no, the first Sapiens reaching Europe were dark-skinned
consider my interest officially tickled...yet again. this is by far the best channel on TH-cam. keep up the good work spoon bud!
Very nice presentation. Enjoyed watching on a quiet rainy afternoon after relatives left post Xmas. Good work, Thank you.
Excellent work! Saving up for boneclones!
I've only been subscribed for a few months but your content is absolutely wonderful!
Your attention to details and research is incredible!
Thanks for the great video! 😊
Truly beautiful graphics and visual content throughout this video, Stefan. You've really outdone yourself.
Thank Stefan, that was profoundly interesting, and i will be watching this video multiple times as it is an aera i find fascinating, WELL DONE!!!😊😊
We started cooking our food - or started to eat foods less tough to consume. This allowed our jaw muscles to reduce and this allowed the muscles grip on our skulls to lessen and our skulls were able to expand. This gave more room for our brain to move into, and over time our brains started to develop and grow into the additional space.
Your kid's friends are going to be either fascinated or really weirded out by your skull collection when they're older, lol.
Dear Stefan I've been following your channel since the beginning, and I must say you've come a long way. This video is really really good in all aspects, very informative and well done. It has been a long and amazing journey from Lake Turkana to TH-cam, and you're making a great job documenting it! Thank you for sharing, congratulations and keep rocking!
What was surprising to discover was that both Neanderthals and Denisovans, like humans, came out of Africa (before us).
Thanks for this! I love your videos!!
Was loving this video and just made it for me after the Aberdeen mention! Great video!
An absolutely fascinating video. I found it while searching for evolution documentaries and have now subscribed. Your presentation is both clear and factual. A true scientific approach to a very complicated topic. Thank you.
The production quality and content are top notch. Unbelievably consistent Stefan!
New subscriber. Appreciate the geekitude. And the art - well done!