I saw a "bread with raisins" example of spacetime expansion recently. I think it helps explain why galaxies and atoms themselves don't expand, but the vast space between galaxies does. The "balloon example" sometimes used can give people the false impression that spacetime is expanding everywhere, including in our bodies. On "small scales" like galaxies and smaller, gravity is strong enough to resist the expansion of spacetime.
I think that what this lesson brings to the forefront is that we have only scratched the surface of what is around us in our universe. I think time is the key element. We don't live in a controlled environment like Jason's jar. Just because something has not happened yet does not mean that it will not.
It's important to recognize here that each of the "universes" represented by marshmallows are not related to neighboring universes. It is clear that this idea presupposes some sort of higher-level super-spacetime structure to the multiverse that defines the position of each universe relative to other universes. There is no a priori reason that this would be the case. In any event, it is unclear what would happen if a universe were to expand into a neighboring universe. Some suggest that if such a thing happened it would leave a footprint in the structure of the cosmic microwave background radiation. In some ways, these universes might not be so different. More quantum fluctuations (separate Big Bangs) that appear in the quantum foam. This would not necessarily lead to the many worlds hypothesis which suggests that each quantum possibility creates a new and infinite number of "parallel" universes as they unfold.
It's hard to think of marshmallows (or balloons, or raisin bread) as NOT having 'insides' and 'outsides', and only think of the 'surface' of the object, but if we extend the analogy, and use a microscope, we can at least show the '3D-ness' of living on the surface of the marshmallow (or balloon).
Marshmallow went supernova and started to become red dwarf, or a super dense pulsar on its way to become a black hole. Is it still edible? Opss! Sorry, after pulsars I have hiccups. Opss...
Although our "time" is relative to our universe, something seems wrong with a single universe being only 13.8 billion years young. That's like a blink of an eye for a single universe to exist IMHO.
It makes no sense whatsoever... unless you happen to be religious. If you are a Christian, it is quite easy to see that the Big Bang Model is just the universe showing us Genesis chapter 1. If not, again it makes no sense to suppose the universe starting at some point in time without there being something to start it off. In fact, as the data suggesting the universe had a beginning started piling up, the astronomical community rejected it as preposterous and clung to the then current Steady State model which held that the universe had no beginning. They derided the new view as the "Church of Jesus Christ of the Big Bang". However, when it ended up becoming the new model, they dropped the "Church of Jesus Christ" from the title. Nevertheless, the Big Bang model does point to a creation event, just like Genesis 1 does, and it does imply a creator.
@@curtisquick1582 I agree with you. I've seen Fred Hoyle refer to the pejorative "big bang" rebuke in a video. I also appreciate Fr. Lemaitre's "cosmic egg" theory, which led to Einstein regretting ever adding Lambda to become a fixed expression in his equations. I am a religious person and I believe in one triune God. But to believe that our universe began only yesterday often makes me often wonder what else God was doing before our creation.
Well, we don't acually know why the universe is expanding or why the rate of expansion is going faster and faster. So it seems like a stretch to say "we know" that the universe will not eventually contract in on itself.
That's what the current "consensus" is, and it has good models for it. When we look at our track record though, we got it wrong in the past. 100 years ago, we thought our galaxy was the only thing in the universe. It's hard to say with too much certainty what our universe is, because we're constantly discovering more every year. It's a very exciting time.
That's where Dark Energy comes in. Dark Energy is a very small, almost undetectable, but persistent force accelerating the expansion of the universe. Dark Energy is based on as yet unexplained observations from telescopes like the Hubble and the JWST that show an increasing acceleration to universal expansion. Perhaps, someday we will determine what causes that force. But for now, that's why we call it "Dark Energy".
The current prevailing model is our universe is likely flat and infinite. We've measured the flatness to a high degree of precision. However, if the universe is extremely large, it would be hard to measure its curvature. Similar to how it can be hard to measure the curvature of Earth from it's surface. So there is room for a curved universe model, but no current evidence for it.
Frankly there must be a center Somehow🤷🏼♂️ In there….? Size of this first Universe are so Big that we simply have no chance to navigate at all… Theory of space expanding?? What if space have so much space, that What we see is just galaxies just getting more and more distant - without any expanding 🤷🏼♂️ When we send a rocket or probe thru space… We gain distance.. by the moving object… Not because space expand??👀 Speed of light is a constant - But by my means speed it self is not at all… We are trapped in perception of our very Old equations and our 3-4 dimensions. Where time is our 4 dimension - In time… Science Will expand Thats for sure😅
If you look at the "web" of galaxies seen throughout the visible universe, you will notice the pattern as being very similar to the fibers of the marshmallow, or better yet, tangential soap bubbles in a bath. Where those bubble membranes appear as intersecting is where we see the presence of galaxies. I believe that we live in a black hole universe. The accelerating expansion that we see is due to the slow loss of mass to the inter-universal medium that this domain gives up by way of Hawking radiation. That loss of mass results in less gravity holding the Universe together. Our universe is so very large that we cannot see its outer boundary - the event horizon. Because space at such great distances expands at a rate faster than the speed of light, it is impossible for us to see the outer edge of the Universe, but there is an outer edge, and there is a center. We on Earth sit somewhere in their midst. I highly doubt that this universe was a one time flash in some "prime mover's" kitchen pan. While there is absolutely no evidence, I do believe that there are many universes scattered throughout a broader universe. I do not like the use of the word, multi-verse. I prefer to say, broader universe, and who is to say that even the broader universe is the end of the story? It's all a never ending story of turtles all the way down.
I saw a "bread with raisins" example of spacetime expansion recently. I think it helps explain why galaxies and atoms themselves don't expand, but the vast space between galaxies does. The "balloon example" sometimes used can give people the false impression that spacetime is expanding everywhere, including in our bodies. On "small scales" like galaxies and smaller, gravity is strong enough to resist the expansion of spacetime.
“hey stop eating the multiverse!” “sorry they’re just so tasty”
😂 “… just… one … more… tasty … universe…” 🤤
I think that what this lesson brings to the forefront is that we have only scratched the surface of what is around us in our universe. I think time is the key element. We don't live in a controlled environment like Jason's jar. Just because something has not happened yet does not mean that it will not.
A very effective, although far less gruesome demonstration of the effects of exposure to space.
It's important to recognize here that each of the "universes" represented by marshmallows are not related to neighboring universes. It is clear that this idea presupposes some sort of higher-level super-spacetime structure to the multiverse that defines the position of each universe relative to other universes. There is no a priori reason that this would be the case. In any event, it is unclear what would happen if a universe were to expand into a neighboring universe. Some suggest that if such a thing happened it would leave a footprint in the structure of the cosmic microwave background radiation. In some ways, these universes might not be so different. More quantum fluctuations (separate Big Bangs) that appear in the quantum foam. This would not necessarily lead to the many worlds hypothesis which suggests that each quantum possibility creates a new and infinite number of "parallel" universes as they unfold.
I don't understand how it's possible to have SO MUCH SPACE. And also have infinite universes the same size, outside of that space.
Fascinating..
Where is space going to expand into if there’s no preexisting space beyond its boundary?
It's hard to think of marshmallows (or balloons, or raisin bread) as NOT having 'insides' and 'outsides', and only think of the 'surface' of the object, but if we extend the analogy, and use a microscope, we can at least show the '3D-ness' of living on the surface of the marshmallow (or balloon).
Marshmallow went supernova and started to become red dwarf, or a super dense pulsar on its way to become a black hole. Is it still edible?
Opss! Sorry, after pulsars I have hiccups. Opss...
Thanks for this 👍
Hi Jason, excellent video as always! If all galaxies are expanding away from each other, how do we explain so many instances of galaxies colliding?
That's due to local gravitational effects, not the overall expansion of the universe.
Although our "time" is relative to our universe, something seems wrong with a single universe being only 13.8 billion years young. That's like a blink of an eye for a single universe to exist IMHO.
It makes no sense whatsoever... unless you happen to be religious. If you are a Christian, it is quite easy to see that the Big Bang Model is just the universe showing us Genesis chapter 1. If not, again it makes no sense to suppose the universe starting at some point in time without there being something to start it off. In fact, as the data suggesting the universe had a beginning started piling up, the astronomical community rejected it as preposterous and clung to the then current Steady State model which held that the universe had no beginning. They derided the new view as the "Church of Jesus Christ of the Big Bang". However, when it ended up becoming the new model, they dropped the "Church of Jesus Christ" from the title. Nevertheless, the Big Bang model does point to a creation event, just like Genesis 1 does, and it does imply a creator.
@@curtisquick1582 I agree with you. I've seen Fred Hoyle refer to the pejorative "big bang" rebuke in a video. I also appreciate Fr. Lemaitre's "cosmic egg" theory, which led to Einstein regretting ever adding Lambda to become a fixed expression in his equations. I am a religious person and I believe in one triune God. But to believe that our universe began only yesterday often makes me often wonder what else God was doing before our creation.
Well, we don't acually know why the universe is expanding or why the rate of expansion is going faster and faster. So it seems like a stretch to say "we know" that the universe will not eventually contract in on itself.
That's what the current "consensus" is, and it has good models for it. When we look at our track record though, we got it wrong in the past. 100 years ago, we thought our galaxy was the only thing in the universe. It's hard to say with too much certainty what our universe is, because we're constantly discovering more every year. It's a very exciting time.
That's where Dark Energy comes in. Dark Energy is a very small, almost undetectable, but persistent force accelerating the expansion of the universe. Dark Energy is based on as yet unexplained observations from telescopes like the Hubble and the JWST that show an increasing acceleration to universal expansion. Perhaps, someday we will determine what causes that force. But for now, that's why we call it "Dark Energy".
1:29 Now it is proved that our universe is spherical and will collapse in the far future...
The current prevailing model is our universe is likely flat and infinite. We've measured the flatness to a high degree of precision. However, if the universe is extremely large, it would be hard to measure its curvature. Similar to how it can be hard to measure the curvature of Earth from it's surface. So there is room for a curved universe model, but no current evidence for it.
Maybe the glass jar, the vacuum pump, and the guy operating it all from the outside are analogous too 🤔
Man that’s deep
Frankly there must be a center Somehow🤷🏼♂️
In there….? Size of this first Universe are so Big that we simply have no chance to navigate at all…
Theory of space expanding??
What if space have so much space, that What we see is just galaxies just getting more and more distant - without any expanding 🤷🏼♂️ When we send a rocket or probe thru space… We gain distance.. by the moving object… Not because space expand??👀
Speed of light is a constant - But by my means speed it self is not at all…
We are trapped in perception of our very Old equations and our 3-4 dimensions.
Where time is our 4 dimension - In time… Science Will expand Thats for sure😅
If you look at the "web" of galaxies seen throughout the visible universe, you will notice the pattern as being very similar to the fibers of the marshmallow, or better yet, tangential soap bubbles in a bath. Where those bubble membranes appear as intersecting is where we see the presence of galaxies.
I believe that we live in a black hole universe. The accelerating expansion that we see is due to the slow loss of mass to the inter-universal medium that this domain gives up by way of Hawking radiation. That loss of mass results in less gravity holding the Universe together. Our universe is so very large that we cannot see its outer boundary - the event horizon. Because space at such great distances expands at a rate faster than the speed of light, it is impossible for us to see the outer edge of the Universe, but there is an outer edge, and there is a center. We on Earth sit somewhere in their midst.
I highly doubt that this universe was a one time flash in some "prime mover's" kitchen pan. While there is absolutely no evidence, I do believe that there are many universes scattered throughout a broader universe. I do not like the use of the word, multi-verse. I prefer to say, broader universe, and who is to say that even the broader universe is the end of the story? It's all a never ending story of turtles all the way down.
Nice 👍
Marsh mellow has center. Nobody asked the center on the surface
So, space is a thing? 🤔
Now I know why I’m getting so fat.
Hey guys just wanna tell you that Jesus loves you all have a happy new year guys
🤢🤮
Multiverse? mmm, no I decided to believe better in Greek mythology, is more rational 😂