Big shout out to all our Patrons for the continuous support! Lately, we relied more on this income stream since the sponsoring offers have tried up. Probably partly due to the overall market situation but also because our clicks have not been all that great over the last couple of videos. If you’re want to support our project financially and join our Patreon, have a look here: www.patreon.com/sandrhomanhistory We usually post previews, BTS-stuff, and updates about out professional lives. If you do decide to join keep in mind even the lowest tier ($3 / creation) is already a great help! (You can even edit the lowest tier to the exact amount you like, for example $1!) Lastly, quick reminder that we have covered some of the events of this video in more depth. Here are the links: ‘s-Hertogenbosch siege: th-cam.com/video/gUmJYL6UY8M/w-d-xo.html La Rochelle siege: th-cam.com/video/aKmXMJUAHJI/w-d-xo.html Piet Hein’s capture of the treasure fleet: th-cam.com/video/OeqN7oQ_QXA/w-d-xo.html Mantua siege (old video / quality not that great): th-cam.com/video/R4U20DQ2Jl4/w-d-xo.html
I find it so refreshing and great that you not only include a bibliography but also quote historians within the video. Your vids scratch the surface of a given topic, and you are pointing the way for the rest of us to read up on, and become more knowledgeable in, these lesser-known conflicts and battles.
Mein Gott, this is precisely the kind of video id been hoping you produce. It really ties together your other work on the topic and helps me understand each seiges place in this sprawling conflict. Truely excellent work!
extremely impressed by the long-term vision of the channel to do videos on the individual sieges and then compose a continuous historical narrative based on those in-depth videos. I keep being impressed by this channel. Thank you for the outstanding work
I can't hit the like button hard enough! What an excellent video. I love how this not only tells the history and narratives clearly, but also links them together giving a clear overview of the period. I would love to see more of video's in this format!
I love that you did the video this way. Reading 30-year war histories they always mention these side-shows outside of Germany w/out going into details or speaking of it's influence on the war.
Really awsome approach to the topic. Showing all connections between those conflicts was great idea!!
ปีที่แล้ว +15
This video has a new level of understanding the conflict, we are used to seeing sieges as isolated events and as separate confrontations, however, here you masterfully manage to give a more complete context to the situation in Europe during 1628 - 1629 and how all these events were related to each other, leading to a new phase of the 30 Years War. Looking at everything in general, I'm surprised by the lack of geopolitical acumen of Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire, by issuing such a stupid edict at a time when it was evident that things were going to go badly, he is the real culprit that the war did not ended prematurely and as a Hispanic, what bothers me about this story is that it dragged Spain into a direct confrontation with France at the worst possible moment (because if the war in Germany had not continued, the conflict would most likely have been delayed another decade at the most). On the other hand, I would love to see SandRhoman release more videos about sieges and conflicts from the late 15th century and early 16th century, for example it would be interesting if you made a video about the Siege of the Castle of Saint George from the year 1500 (part of the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1499-1503), where an army led by the true Father of Modern Armies Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (The Great Captain), with Spanish, French and Venetian troops (something exceptional due to the fact that these three states were in constant war with each other at that time) besieged the island of Cephalonia, which was under the control of the Ottoman Empire and which showed that the Christian kingdoms could defeat the "Grand Turk", even when this Empire was at its best.
the europeans's arrogance of the time made them blind to the worldwide consequences of those suicidal continental wars and we kept producing those like the crazies we are : 30 years war...louis the 14th's wars...spanish succession war...austrian succession war...7 years war...war of american independence...French Revolution and Napoleon's wars... crimea's war... World Wars 1 and 2... cold war which deployed hundreds of nukes threatenning east and west halves of Europe... and oups again : the war in NUkraine... the miracle is that there is still someone alive here ! 🥺
It's so cool to see you tie together all of your "Great Siege" videos you've done into one video. It's interesting to see where all of these sieges and events happen in chronological order, and seeing how one affected the other is really useful added context.
Great and informative video @SanRhomanHistory. It would be cool if you could cover the siege of Tenochtitlan, 1521. Go in detail about the fall of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire.
Excellent video, I love this format! I like how it links all these ordinarily separated events, it makes me feel more like somebody who was alive at that time reading a newspaper or hearing political discussions might see the conflict.
"A city refused to surrender despite an enormous engineering effort to divert the entire river system around it with newly-built windmills." Yep, that's a Dutch siege.
Great video! Very interesting analysis, like all tour videos. I suggest you make a video on another very eventfull year: 1625 - the culimnation of the Nassau Fleet expedition (1623-26), the recovery of Bahia in Brazil from the Dutch, the Anglo-Dutch attack on Cadiz, siege of Breda, relief of Genoa, repulse of Dutch attack on Puerto Rico. The Spanish annus mirabilis
Amazing video, Im really impressed, historical channels rarely do something like that. Btw Im Polish and heard his surname many times but I still cant get over it. Koniecpolski (Koniec Polski) literally means The end of Poland.
Another great video. Thank you! Great to tie everything together and really reinforce the significance of everything covered prior. Keep up the awesome work. You guys do an amazing job with this content.
Happy to see the siege of Casale mentioned as the only time I think I’ve ever heard it mentioned outside of a university is in Alexander Dumas’s book, the red Spinx
Really good choice to present these conflicts in parallel. It really helps to put things in perspective and to understand the main divides in Europe. It'd be tempting to only see the protestant/catholic opposition but, as we can see with the Franco-Swedish alliance, it's more complicated than this. Thanks SandRhoman for this programme. I've watched the next video about Gustavus and I'm looking forward for the next one. Cheers !
The siege of la rochelle, the defiant stance of magdeburg and stralsund against wallenstein, and the capture of the spanish treasure fleet by Piet Hein gave the dutch a boost to fund the war effort against spain and the siege of den bosch the "mud dragon." The edict of restitution, meant by ferdinand to bring peace, further cemented that bishops who conv to protestantism had to resign and reverted cath and prot borders to 1555 which favored caths.
"Richelieu's sea wall, which had proved impenetrable for the English, was, quite ironically, washed away by a storm just a few days after the surrender." Nature always has a way of showing you just how small you really are, doesn't she?
Very interesting to see how these events interconnected. We still venerate Piet Hein, and rightly so it seems. The frigate F811 was the latest naval ship to be named after him, in 1977.
Well that will soon disappear too, unless we can stop it. And our navy is hardly worth mentioning anymore. A couple of frigats, 2 subs, a few more small frigats and some minesweepers. Thats it. And most are decades old.
@@StofStuiver don't need a navy when you're in NATO & American is in NATO so you really don't need one. It'd just be a money sink when aircraft would be more cost effective.
@@MrEFMinecraft Nato is a paper tiger. Apart from that, im sick and tired to follow the US warmongers. Nato should have been abandoned 32 years ago. The US navy rests on their carrier fleet by the way, which is totally useless in a real war. You dont know a thing, do you?
@@StofStuiver You talk like you've got it all figured out, or just like an eleven year old, which is worse. Just get done reading your third history book, now you are a naval geopolitical expert worthy of condescending to the rest of the room? Tell us more about how you would not starve and trade would not stop completely without this useless navy (we pay for) that allows you to have any infrastructure whatsoever... or consumer goods... or foodstuffs... or oil... or economic opportunity... Don't bother saying thank you, we know you are incapable of gratitude. But regardless, you are welcome.
Challenges with animating I wish movies would show the sheer threat of splinters outside naval warfare which is still not shown as much Arrows hitting armour, wood bulevards or wood castles struck
You should do some Asian History during the Early Modern Era. There was quite a lot going on at the time like the Ming-Qing transition and the Imjin War.
I don't think Gustavus Adolphus was really seen as the Lion of the North yet at this point. During the first year of campaigning, he pretty much had to force Brandenburg and Saxony at swordpoint to join up with him. Only after Breitenfeld did he win rockstar status and everyone wanted to get in on the winning team with him.
Imo the Siege of Ath in 1697 exposed the weakness of even the toughest of star fortresses, which is high angled round shot rolling parallel to the walls, hitting the men and cannons garrisoned there
The closure of the Spanish road by France's involvement would eventually lead to attempts to re-open the route to the Spanish Netherlands over sea. There was now a pro-Spanish monarch in England and the Dutch who had neglected the fleet in the early 1630s found it difficult to respond to the Spanish threat. Maarten Tromp would however succeed in reforming the Dutch fleet and decisvely defeated the "4th Spanish Armada" in 1639, in what probably the most decisive major naval battle in early modern Europe. Spanish naval power wouldn't recover for a century, although that obviously also had other reasons.
ปีที่แล้ว +4
You are exaggerating things too much, so far I have not read any historian who knows Oquendo's fleet as "The Fourth Great Armada", it is a total invention of yours, added to the fact that the Dutch fleet was larger (103 or 95) and they were completely warships, while the Spanish were mostly transport ships (of the 70 ships, only 29 were war galleons), the Dutch superiority was evident, there is nothing decisive in that, because Oquendo did not want to present battle and in the end he managed to bring most of the Spanish troops (the fleet had 20,000 or 24,000 men, of whom approximately 8,000 died/drowned or were captured, the rest reached their destination), as well as supplies to Flanders. If there is any decisive naval confrontation in early modern times, it was the Dutch victories over the English fleets in the Anglo-Dutch Wars (since England was a naval power on equal footing), which definitively demonstrated Dutch maritime superiority, until the 18th century, where the English seized naval supremacy from all Europe.
@His fleet has been refered to as another Armada. I just counted them. Spain made a huge effort to get this fleet off the ground and according to Sweetman it was the largest fleet Spain had send out since 1588. As for the amount of warships you are wrong. 29 were galleons, but there were also frigates and galleys. Of the Armada of 1588 only 24 were outright warships. And yes the Dutch had more ships, but the Dutch ships were much smaller than the Spanish ships and most ships weren't warships either. The largest Dutch ship had just over 40 cannons while the Spanish had multiple with 60. When Oquendo left Spain he was not afraid of the Dutch fleet. The Battle was so decisive that England, France and the Dutch could immediately seize various Spanish holdings in the Caribbean and that the Spanish would never ever again challenge Dutch or English naval power in Northern waters. The Spanish road over sea had and any sense of Spanish naval superiority in Europe had met a definitive end.
@Historian Prud'homme van Reine refers to it as the second Armada. So there you go
ปีที่แล้ว +1
@@Raadpensionaris First of all, it does not count as Armada, because that name only refers to the large fleets that Philip II created to invade England, a size that was never achieved after that (using a Dutch historian as an example sounds too subjective); second, you can never compare a galley and a frigate with a galleon, because neither of them had enough firepower to be useful (they served as support, but in that battle most of them fled knowing their impossibility), because the galleys were just useful in shallow waters and the Spanish navy generally used it as a troop transport (exactly the use they were given in the Armada created to invade England), in the case of frigates if it is confirmed in the sources that they were used in this battle in a similar way to galleys (as transport). Third, it makes no sense for you to use as an excuse the size and number of cannons that the Spanish galleons had, when they were made by very slow and not very maneuverable ships, while the Dutch had smaller galleons or filibots due to their naval doctrine, since they preferred to have more ships, moderately armed and at the same time faster, which in many battles proved to be better than traditional galleons, so it was not a disadvantage (for every Spanish galleon of 60 cannons, you had 3 or 4 Dutch filibots of 40 cannons attacking him around); As a fourth point, Oquendo had the mission of transporting and escorting the troops, while avoiding direct confrontation and in fact, he always tried to escape from the Dutch in this battle (something that for those dates, was a common procedure, due to the Dutch naval superiority at that time, added to the fact that it was cheaper), you mention the losses of islands in the Caribbean, but they were mostly of little importance, Spain kept the main islands, with the exception of Jamaica, and repelled the other attacks, those losses of smaller islands never stopped the transit of the Spanish treasure fleet, which it went on without a problem. To finish, as a fifth point, Spain did not return to dispute in the North seas, because after the War of the Spanish Succession, the domains of Belgium and Luxembourg passed into Austrian hands, which already made it pointless to go and venture into those places and let me remind you that in the eighteenth century, the only two navies that remained in competition against the English for world naval hegemony were the French and the Spanish (which recovered with the arrival of the Bourbons), not the Dutch, therefore, if the Spanish fleet had come to confront the Dutch in that same century, the Spanish would have been superior as it was one of those that was still competing with the Royal Navy (status it lost after Trafalgar).
@ You can claim that it doesn't count as an Armada or that it doesn't have the same size, but that does nothing when I showed you 1 historian who refers to it as the Second Armada and another that claims that this was the largest fleet that Spain had send out since 1588. Olivarez claimed this himself infact. Oquendo only avoided the Dutch after he attacked a small Dutch force of Calais. His instructions were to destroy the French fleet if it would sail out in support of the Dutch (the French fleet was considered more fearsome by the Spanish). When the Spanish on the Armada heard that the French would't support the Dutch they thought that they would sweep the Dutch out of the North Sea. ("Third, it makes no sense for you to use as an excuse the size and number of cannons that the Spanish galleons had, when they were made by very slow and not very maneuverable ships, while the Dutch had smaller galleons or filibots due to their naval doctrine, since they preferred to have more ships, moderately armed and at the same time faster, which in many battles proved to be better than traditional galleons, so it was not a disadvantage'') This is with benifit of hindsight. Again, the Spanish feared the French more, because they had ships with more cannons. And a significant part of the 95 ships of Tromp were merchantmen hired with haste in 1639 during the blockade of the Spanish ships in the Downs. Not comparable to warships. I brought this up to show that the numerical superiority narrative needs nuancing, but it doesn't matter anyway when considering how decisive the battle was. ("you mention the losses of islands in the Caribbean, but they were mostly of little importance") Yes, but that it happened shows the effect on Spanish naval power the battle had. Your 5th point is a bit weird. Spain only lost the Spanish Netherlands in 1713 while the battle of the Downs was fought in 1639? Why wasn't Spain able to support the Spanish Netherlands over sea during that time. The reality is that Spain couldn't. The Spanish navy barely existed aymore during the wars of Louis XIV and even needed Dutch support in its home waters. You don't have to remind me that Spanish naval power somewhat recovered 80 years after the Downs. I already wrote that in my first comment. It does nothing to minimize the decisiveness of the battle of the Downs.
though interesting as this is, and maybe it is just me, but it does not really answer the question for me how/why these sieges decided the fate of europe? Is it because of the rise of protestantism, the fall of catholicism, (start of the) fall of the spanish colonial empire, developments in (siege) warfare or something else? can someone help me answer this?
These sorts of conflicts are exactly why there's a provision in the US Constitution that US Citizens can never be compelled to quarter soldiers in their homes. Quartered soldiers were wrecking balls and often did more damage to their own people's livelihood than the enemy did, eating entire villages into starvation, getting drunk, starting fights, and these were the guys on "your side"
Ironically, this clause is basically never used in the constitution. One court of appeals case handled one of the least expected uses of that right in an extremely obscure case.
@@robertjarman3703 True enough, by the time the US came into existence the conditions that made the practice nessacary were already on their way out. Still, you can see why the provision was invluded from the founders' perspective.
I love your work! However, your coverage is very western-centric (I assume because you're western European yourself). I feel like many people (myself obviously included) would love it if you covered some of the many sieges that happened in the "east". Personally I'd love to see coverage of the siege of Siget/Szigetvar which was one of the most important sieges of the "early" Ottoman wars in that part of the world. It practically saved Vienna from Suleiman the Magnificent.
Well, it financed a pivotal and majority part of an entire war (that episode of the Eight Years War). So the cost equivalent is 'most of a whole war'. The costs of the Ukraine War, the modern equivalent we could measure it against, currently runs into the hundreds of billions (military gear, ammunition, lost government revenue, costs of running the government under wartime conditions). Not counting things like damage to the country itself ($ 137 billion) or lost revenue from occupation as those are losses, not investments into waging the war itself. So by that comparison Piet Hein's capture of the silverfleet would equate to € 150-500 billion in today's money.
Such modern-day equivalent worth numbers can't really be calculated meaningfully. Even calculating modern-day year-on-year inflation is ultimately arbitrary, since all commodities don't increase in price at the same rate. Multiply that by a few centuries or even millennia, you get the idea. A more relevant way to understand large sums of historical money is to compare them to the GDP or government revenues of that time. In the case of Piet Hein's haul, it was equal to 9 months of Dutch military expenditure.
It has become my favourite past time to spot the dead reclining readcoat guy with a rifle in his multiple disguises. Poor guy, was punished with an eternity of dying in battles for his Taylor-Swift--music-loving crimes
@@MrNiceGuyHistory , sure it is outsourced in the USA..because de-industrialized Europe tries to cut defense spendings by hosting US/NATO 's troops ( right now 130 000 US personnels deployed in Europe with nukes that''s more military spendings than most of those weak countries ).That's why the USA is ruling over its most bankable colony : Europe ! and this is why the words "nordsteams " and "seymour hersh" are nowhere to be found in european medias...outsourcing power bases : the new suicidal european trend !
Tourist attractions used to be so much better. Watch gladiators fight to death in Rome, people in s'Hertogenbosch being slowly starved by windmills. Now you cannot even scratch your bloody name in the Coloseum!
Why though? At it's inception at the beginning of the Middle Ages it was a proper successor (compared to Byzantine Empire at the time) to the Roman Empire
quite the opposite actually... Spain was the great empire of the time and the Dutch fought very hard for a land of no great value. It was more a question of keeping the authority. When the Dutch became independent it was also expelled from Brasil and Angola, and Spain remained very rich and powerful but lost Portugal also. The dutch also failed to capture the phillipines but nevertheless was able to start their own overseas empire. After 1648 Spain kept very slowly loosing power in europe for several complex reasons. The genocidal behaviour of the protestant countries made the colonies very industrial and european-like...
@@andreoliveira685 Half of the income from the Spanish Empire came from the Netherlands. What do you mean, no great value? I'm normally not one for internet talk, but this sounds like a huge 'cope' from a Spaniard with at best a biased view on history.
@@merovekh the seven provinces were not half the economy even of the seventeen provinces (spanish netherlands), the richest ones were Flandres, Brabant and Artois. By the end of the 16th century the Spanish crown was able to make war against France, the Ottomans, the English, conquer the whole americas except for the extreme north and Brasil, the Philippines, etc. and you are saying half the money they got came from the netherlands? One shipment of silver captured by the British in the late 16th century amounted to basically the same value as the whole english treasury. Maybe at some points half the money they spent was in the war in the netherlands. All history I have ever read in english was so biased it can barely be called history, english literature is basically centuries of cope. But whats your source?
@@andreoliveira685the Dutch won more than 80% of sea battles against the Spanish Armada. FACT. The Dutch were the only ones that conquered a "Silverfleet" from Spain. The VOC was/is the by far richest Multinational EVER, 8 times bigger than APPLE nowadays. The Dutch controled about 250 trading posts all over the world. Spain and Portugal were by far the biggest slavertrading Empires at that time. They plundered, murdered and raped about all of the America's in the name of the fuckung Holy Church. It's a shame you bunch of hypocrites still deny ALL these FACTS. I know, it's not in your fairy tale history books.
@@sahanavica.5574 cope Russian forces continue to eat the ukranian military alive while nato watches on impotently eventually the ukraine will run out if conscripts to throw into minefields 🤷♂️
You watched this series about the Thirty Years war and actually thought it was about religion? This was about the beginning of the modern era, the end of the feudal order and economic trends that brought about capitalism
You’re very closed minded if you think religion is the root cause of people always find ways and justifications to kill and invade. Religion is also responsible for many great developments in the human race as well.
Big shout out to all our Patrons for the continuous support! Lately, we relied more on this income stream since the sponsoring offers have tried up. Probably partly due to the overall market situation but also because our clicks have not been all that great over the last couple of videos.
If you’re want to support our project financially and join our Patreon, have a look here: www.patreon.com/sandrhomanhistory
We usually post previews, BTS-stuff, and updates about out professional lives. If you do decide to join keep in mind even the lowest tier ($3 / creation) is already a great help! (You can even edit the lowest tier to the exact amount you like, for example $1!)
Lastly, quick reminder that we have covered some of the events of this video in more depth. Here are the links:
‘s-Hertogenbosch siege: th-cam.com/video/gUmJYL6UY8M/w-d-xo.html
La Rochelle siege: th-cam.com/video/aKmXMJUAHJI/w-d-xo.html
Piet Hein’s capture of the treasure fleet: th-cam.com/video/OeqN7oQ_QXA/w-d-xo.html
Mantua siege (old video / quality not that great): th-cam.com/video/R4U20DQ2Jl4/w-d-xo.html
The only thing staggering here is how great you guys are! keep being extraordinary !
Mantua was great quality, don't knock yourselves
I find it so refreshing and great that you not only include a bibliography but also quote historians within the video. Your vids scratch the surface of a given topic, and you are pointing the way for the rest of us to read up on, and become more knowledgeable in, these lesser-known conflicts and battles.
More like the 7 (staggering) sieges
hehe, we did think about that title but some of them weren't that staggering ;)
@@SandRhomanHistoryincorrect, they're definitely staggering sieges
Well, they decided the fate of europe, so yeah i agree with u
@@SandRhomanHistorya TH-cam who undoes their own clickbait.
A surprise to be sure but a welcome one
@@wperfectMantua was sort of boring
Ahh.. A relaxing documentary about the unimaginable horrors of early modern warfare to blissfully drift asleep to.
Mein Gott, this is precisely the kind of video id been hoping you produce. It really ties together your other work on the topic and helps me understand each seiges place in this sprawling conflict. Truely excellent work!
extremely impressed by the long-term vision of the channel to do videos on the individual sieges and then compose a continuous historical narrative based on those in-depth videos.
I keep being impressed by this channel. Thank you for the outstanding work
This illustrator is one of the best on TH-cam.
Recognizable portraits, excellent animations, and always a sense of humor to be found.
This channel covers 1600s warfare in such depth ive never seen its incredible, glad ive been subscribed the last 3 years
I can't hit the like button hard enough! What an excellent video. I love how this not only tells the history and narratives clearly, but also links them together giving a clear overview of the period. I would love to see more of video's in this format!
Glad you enjoyed it!
I love that you did the video this way. Reading 30-year war histories they always mention these side-shows outside of Germany w/out going into details or speaking of it's influence on the war.
This was such a cool way to cover these sieges!
Really awsome approach to the topic. Showing all connections between those conflicts was great idea!!
This video has a new level of understanding the conflict, we are used to seeing sieges as isolated events and as separate confrontations, however, here you masterfully manage to give a more complete context to the situation in Europe during 1628 - 1629 and how all these events were related to each other, leading to a new phase of the 30 Years War. Looking at everything in general, I'm surprised by the lack of geopolitical acumen of Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire, by issuing such a stupid edict at a time when it was evident that things were going to go badly, he is the real culprit that the war did not ended prematurely and as a Hispanic, what bothers me about this story is that it dragged Spain into a direct confrontation with France at the worst possible moment (because if the war in Germany had not continued, the conflict would most likely have been delayed another decade at the most).
On the other hand, I would love to see SandRhoman release more videos about sieges and conflicts from the late 15th century and early 16th century, for example it would be interesting if you made a video about the Siege of the Castle of Saint George from the year 1500 (part of the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1499-1503), where an army led by the true Father of Modern Armies Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (The Great Captain), with Spanish, French and Venetian troops (something exceptional due to the fact that these three states were in constant war with each other at that time) besieged the island of Cephalonia, which was under the control of the Ottoman Empire and which showed that the Christian kingdoms could defeat the "Grand Turk", even when this Empire was at its best.
the europeans's arrogance of the time made them blind to the worldwide consequences of those suicidal continental wars
and we kept producing those like the crazies we are : 30 years war...louis the 14th's wars...spanish succession war...austrian succession war...7 years war...war of american independence...French Revolution and Napoleon's wars... crimea's war... World Wars 1 and 2... cold war which deployed hundreds of nukes threatenning east and west halves of Europe... and oups again : the war in NUkraine...
the miracle is that there is still someone alive here ! 🥺
It's so cool to see you tie together all of your "Great Siege" videos you've done into one video. It's interesting to see where all of these sieges and events happen in chronological order, and seeing how one affected the other is really useful added context.
Glad you enjoy it!
Excellent video and very interesting approach connecting key events in a global confrontation. Congratulations for the great work !
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@SandRhomanHistory your work is really good. Well documented, well presented and truly enjoyable.
Great and informative video @SanRhomanHistory. It would be cool if you could cover the siege of Tenochtitlan, 1521. Go in detail about the fall of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire.
Great suggestion!
Excellent video, I love this format! I like how it links all these ordinarily separated events, it makes me feel more like somebody who was alive at that time reading a newspaper or hearing political discussions might see the conflict.
This was so great giving an integrated view of what is usually handled as individual events.
Glad you enjoyed it!
"A city refused to surrender despite an enormous engineering effort to divert the entire river system around it with newly-built windmills."
Yep, that's a Dutch siege.
love all of this, very well done
Amazingly detailed video, great work as always!
I love your channel and videos. Please never stop creating. Please more
Awesome documentary as always, keep up the good work, I learn something every time.
Thanks, will do!
Great video! Very interesting analysis, like all tour videos. I suggest you make a video on another very eventfull year: 1625 - the culimnation of the Nassau Fleet expedition (1623-26), the recovery of Bahia in Brazil from the Dutch, the Anglo-Dutch attack on Cadiz, siege of Breda, relief of Genoa, repulse of Dutch attack on Puerto Rico. The Spanish annus mirabilis
Amazing video, Im really impressed, historical channels rarely do something like that. Btw Im Polish and heard his surname many times but I still cant get over it. Koniecpolski (Koniec Polski) literally means The end of Poland.
Another great video. Thank you! Great to tie everything together and really reinforce the significance of everything covered prior. Keep up the awesome work. You guys do an amazing job with this content.
Our pleasure!
Excellent video!!
Absolutely fantastic idea. Well done.
Guys i wish i could support you now, i will be able to again next year.
Such a great channel!
Thank you!
Happy to see the siege of Casale mentioned as the only time I think I’ve ever heard it mentioned outside of a university is in Alexander Dumas’s book, the red Spinx
Excellent documentary as always, I learn more with every one.
great stuff, thanks :-)
Really good choice to present these conflicts in parallel. It really helps to put things in perspective and to understand the main divides in Europe. It'd be tempting to only see the protestant/catholic opposition but, as we can see with the Franco-Swedish alliance, it's more complicated than this.
Thanks SandRhoman for this programme. I've watched the next video about Gustavus and I'm looking forward for the next one. Cheers !
3:11
1. Build Baltic Fleet
2. Harass trade and merchant cities
3."........."
4. PROFITS STONKS HARD!! 🤑
Truly amazing, I love what you guys do!
Love it!
Thanks!!
That shot of that poor guy getting hit by artillery and falling into a hundred pieces made me laugh a little too hard. Great stuff!
A nice summary of all your earlier videos drawn together into a single string.
Love the sieges videos
Thank you for making "What should we do with the drunken sailor?" stuck in my head again :D I kinda missed that song
Sieges are always an instant click for me. Also I'm eager to learn how all these events were linked.
Good. Very good. May this work grow and creator prosper.
Love content about the 30years war
Sieges are the best, especially in your presentation.
The siege of la rochelle, the defiant stance of magdeburg and stralsund against wallenstein, and the capture of the spanish treasure fleet by Piet Hein gave the dutch a boost to fund the war effort against spain and the siege of den bosch the "mud dragon." The edict of restitution, meant by ferdinand to bring peace, further cemented that bishops who conv to protestantism had to resign and reverted cath and prot borders to 1555 which favored caths.
26:33 *cant imagine being the one who shot the 28,517'th cannon ball there*
"Richelieu's sea wall, which had proved impenetrable for the English, was, quite ironically, washed away by a storm just a few days after the surrender."
Nature always has a way of showing you just how small you really are, doesn't she?
very nice
Great video!
Glad you enjoyed it
Excellent as usual. Thank you.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Very interesting to see how these events interconnected. We still venerate Piet Hein, and rightly so it seems. The frigate F811 was the latest naval ship to be named after him, in 1977.
Well that will soon disappear too, unless we can stop it.
And our navy is hardly worth mentioning anymore. A couple of frigats, 2 subs, a few more small frigats and some minesweepers. Thats it. And most are decades old.
@@StofStuiver don't need a navy when you're in NATO
& American is in NATO so you really don't need one. It'd just be a money sink when aircraft would be more cost effective.
@@MrEFMinecraft Nato is a paper tiger.
Apart from that, im sick and tired to follow the US warmongers. Nato should have been abandoned 32 years ago.
The US navy rests on their carrier fleet by the way, which is totally useless in a real war.
You dont know a thing, do you?
@@StofStuiver
You talk like you've got it all figured out, or just like an eleven year old, which is worse. Just get done reading your third history book, now you are a naval geopolitical expert worthy of condescending to the rest of the room?
Tell us more about how you would not starve and trade would not stop completely without this useless navy (we pay for) that allows you to have any infrastructure whatsoever... or consumer goods... or foodstuffs... or oil... or economic opportunity...
Don't bother saying thank you, we know you are incapable of gratitude.
But regardless, you are welcome.
brilliant
KING OF THE NORTH ! KING OF THE NORTH !
Is this your magnus opus?
looking at the views, it's a pretty poor magnus opus
You are still one of the only non dutch people i've ever heard pronouce 'S Hertogenbosch perfectly.
he's probably just dutch?
@@uelibinde No, Swiss.
That's what you get for putting an apostrophe in a city name.
strong video
well done
The four reasons for La Rochelle's surrender were Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and d'Artagnan.
They were anti-Richelieu though. Maybe it was Cyrano de Bergerac
Good vid
Cardinal Richelieu one of the great influencers of his day.
0:32 Damn wood that can stop cannonballs, they sure knew how to build stuff back in the days.
Challenges with animating
I wish movies would show the sheer threat of splinters outside naval warfare which is still not shown as much
Arrows hitting armour, wood bulevards or wood castles struck
I see this video as a trailer for new season of staggering sieges
Nice Vid mate
Siege of Malta 1565AD would have had a massive impact on religion too
You should do some Asian History during the Early Modern Era. There was quite a lot going on at the time like the Ming-Qing transition and the Imjin War.
Or samurai!
Didn't think there were so many sieges in the 30 years war... I always thought of it as the conflict of the great battles...
Please do the reconquista sieges particularly the sieges of st. ferdinand iii of castile (cordoba 1236, jaen 1245-46, and Seville 1247-48.
I don't think Gustavus Adolphus was really seen as the Lion of the North yet at this point. During the first year of campaigning, he pretty much had to force Brandenburg and Saxony at swordpoint to join up with him. Only after Breitenfeld did he win rockstar status and everyone wanted to get in on the winning team with him.
Have to respect a king who leads from the front.
Siege of Mantua, that was never an easy task😅
*Napoleon is typing*
30 year war is so interesting
No one does Sieges like SandRhoman History.
Imo the Siege of Ath in 1697 exposed the weakness of even the toughest of star fortresses, which is high angled round shot rolling parallel to the walls, hitting the men and cannons garrisoned there
7 sieges with staggering consequences.
(Since some of them were not that staggering).
Schizo sleep deprived Wallenstein is my favourite character I hope his ramblings don't get him in trouble with the emperor in the future.
1628 and 1629: the Years of Sieges....
The closure of the Spanish road by France's involvement would eventually lead to attempts to re-open the route to the Spanish Netherlands over sea. There was now a pro-Spanish monarch in England and the Dutch who had neglected the fleet in the early 1630s found it difficult to respond to the Spanish threat. Maarten Tromp would however succeed in reforming the Dutch fleet and decisvely defeated the "4th Spanish Armada" in 1639, in what probably the most decisive major naval battle in early modern Europe. Spanish naval power wouldn't recover for a century, although that obviously also had other reasons.
You are exaggerating things too much, so far I have not read any historian who knows Oquendo's fleet as "The Fourth Great Armada", it is a total invention of yours, added to the fact that the Dutch fleet was larger (103 or 95) and they were completely warships, while the Spanish were mostly transport ships (of the 70 ships, only 29 were war galleons), the Dutch superiority was evident, there is nothing decisive in that, because Oquendo did not want to present battle and in the end he managed to bring most of the Spanish troops (the fleet had 20,000 or 24,000 men, of whom approximately 8,000 died/drowned or were captured, the rest reached their destination), as well as supplies to Flanders. If there is any decisive naval confrontation in early modern times, it was the Dutch victories over the English fleets in the Anglo-Dutch Wars (since England was a naval power on equal footing), which definitively demonstrated Dutch maritime superiority, until the 18th century, where the English seized naval supremacy from all Europe.
@His fleet has been refered to as another Armada. I just counted them. Spain made a huge effort to get this fleet off the ground and according to Sweetman it was the largest fleet Spain had send out since 1588.
As for the amount of warships you are wrong. 29 were galleons, but there were also frigates and galleys. Of the Armada of 1588 only 24 were outright warships.
And yes the Dutch had more ships, but the Dutch ships were much smaller than the Spanish ships and most ships weren't warships either. The largest Dutch ship had just over 40 cannons while the Spanish had multiple with 60. When Oquendo left Spain he was not afraid of the Dutch fleet.
The Battle was so decisive that England, France and the Dutch could immediately seize various Spanish holdings in the Caribbean and that the Spanish would never ever again challenge Dutch or English naval power in Northern waters. The Spanish road over sea had and any sense of Spanish naval superiority in Europe had met a definitive end.
@Historian Prud'homme van Reine refers to it as the second Armada.
So there you go
@@Raadpensionaris First of all, it does not count as Armada, because that name only refers to the large fleets that Philip II created to invade England, a size that was never achieved after that (using a Dutch historian as an example sounds too subjective); second, you can never compare a galley and a frigate with a galleon, because neither of them had enough firepower to be useful (they served as support, but in that battle most of them fled knowing their impossibility), because the galleys were just useful in shallow waters and the Spanish navy generally used it as a troop transport (exactly the use they were given in the Armada created to invade England), in the case of frigates if it is confirmed in the sources that they were used in this battle in a similar way to galleys (as transport). Third, it makes no sense for you to use as an excuse the size and number of cannons that the Spanish galleons had, when they were made by very slow and not very maneuverable ships, while the Dutch had smaller galleons or filibots due to their naval doctrine, since they preferred to have more ships, moderately armed and at the same time faster, which in many battles proved to be better than traditional galleons, so it was not a disadvantage (for every Spanish galleon of 60 cannons, you had 3 or 4 Dutch filibots of 40 cannons attacking him around); As a fourth point, Oquendo had the mission of transporting and escorting the troops, while avoiding direct confrontation and in fact, he always tried to escape from the Dutch in this battle (something that for those dates, was a common procedure, due to the Dutch naval superiority at that time, added to the fact that it was cheaper), you mention the losses of islands in the Caribbean, but they were mostly of little importance, Spain kept the main islands, with the exception of Jamaica, and repelled the other attacks, those losses of smaller islands never stopped the transit of the Spanish treasure fleet, which it went on without a problem. To finish, as a fifth point, Spain did not return to dispute in the North seas, because after the War of the Spanish Succession, the domains of Belgium and Luxembourg passed into Austrian hands, which already made it pointless to go and venture into those places and let me remind you that in the eighteenth century, the only two navies that remained in competition against the English for world naval hegemony were the French and the Spanish (which recovered with the arrival of the Bourbons), not the Dutch, therefore, if the Spanish fleet had come to confront the Dutch in that same century, the Spanish would have been superior as it was one of those that was still competing with the Royal Navy (status it lost after Trafalgar).
@ You can claim that it doesn't count as an Armada or that it doesn't have the same size, but that does nothing when I showed you 1 historian who refers to it as the Second Armada and another that claims that this was the largest fleet that Spain had send out since 1588. Olivarez claimed this himself infact.
Oquendo only avoided the Dutch after he attacked a small Dutch force of Calais. His instructions were to destroy the French fleet if it would sail out in support of the Dutch (the French fleet was considered more fearsome by the Spanish). When the Spanish on the Armada heard that the French would't support the Dutch they thought that they would sweep the Dutch out of the North Sea.
("Third, it makes no sense for you to use as an excuse the size and number of cannons that the Spanish galleons had, when they were made by very slow and not very maneuverable ships, while the Dutch had smaller galleons or filibots due to their naval doctrine, since they preferred to have more ships, moderately armed and at the same time faster, which in many battles proved to be better than traditional galleons, so it was not a disadvantage'')
This is with benifit of hindsight. Again, the Spanish feared the French more, because they had ships with more cannons. And a significant part of the 95 ships of Tromp were merchantmen hired with haste in 1639 during the blockade of the Spanish ships in the Downs. Not comparable to warships. I brought this up to show that the numerical superiority narrative needs nuancing, but it doesn't matter anyway when considering how decisive the battle was.
("you mention the losses of islands in the Caribbean, but they were mostly of little importance")
Yes, but that it happened shows the effect on Spanish naval power the battle had.
Your 5th point is a bit weird. Spain only lost the Spanish Netherlands in 1713 while the battle of the Downs was fought in 1639? Why wasn't Spain able to support the Spanish Netherlands over sea during that time. The reality is that Spain couldn't. The Spanish navy barely existed aymore during the wars of Louis XIV and even needed Dutch support in its home waters. You don't have to remind me that Spanish naval power somewhat recovered 80 years after the Downs. I already wrote that in my first comment. It does nothing to minimize the decisiveness of the battle of the Downs.
I like your videos but need to do away with background music
though interesting as this is, and maybe it is just me, but it does not really answer the question for me how/why these sieges decided the fate of europe? Is it because of the rise of protestantism, the fall of catholicism, (start of the) fall of the spanish colonial empire, developments in (siege) warfare or something else? can someone help me answer this?
Haha he doesnt know
These sorts of conflicts are exactly why there's a provision in the US Constitution that US Citizens can never be compelled to quarter soldiers in their homes.
Quartered soldiers were wrecking balls and often did more damage to their own people's livelihood than the enemy did, eating entire villages into starvation, getting drunk, starting fights, and these were the guys on "your side"
Ironically, this clause is basically never used in the constitution. One court of appeals case handled one of the least expected uses of that right in an extremely obscure case.
@@robertjarman3703 True enough, by the time the US came into existence the conditions that made the practice nessacary were already on their way out. Still, you can see why the provision was invluded from the founders' perspective.
I love your work! However, your coverage is very western-centric (I assume because you're western European yourself).
I feel like many people (myself obviously included) would love it if you covered some of the many sieges that happened in the "east".
Personally I'd love to see coverage of the siege of Siget/Szigetvar which was one of the most important sieges of the "early" Ottoman wars in that part of the world. It practically saved Vienna from Suleiman the Magnificent.
How much in modern day worth was Hein's haul worth?
I have seen estimates vary greatly. From a 100 million to tens of billions
Well, it financed a pivotal and majority part of an entire war (that episode of the Eight Years War). So the cost equivalent is 'most of a whole war'.
The costs of the Ukraine War, the modern equivalent we could measure it against, currently runs into the hundreds of billions (military gear, ammunition, lost government revenue, costs of running the government under wartime conditions). Not counting things like damage to the country itself ($ 137 billion) or lost revenue from occupation as those are losses, not investments into waging the war itself.
So by that comparison Piet Hein's capture of the silverfleet would equate to € 150-500 billion in today's money.
@@nvelsen1975 That's actually a good point. What an absolute madlad.
Such modern-day equivalent worth numbers can't really be calculated meaningfully. Even calculating modern-day year-on-year inflation is ultimately arbitrary, since all commodities don't increase in price at the same rate. Multiply that by a few centuries or even millennia, you get the idea.
A more relevant way to understand large sums of historical money is to compare them to the GDP or government revenues of that time. In the case of Piet Hein's haul, it was equal to 9 months of Dutch military expenditure.
hah, geopolitics was just as much a thing back then as it is today
It has become my favourite past time to spot the dead reclining readcoat guy with a rifle in his multiple disguises. Poor guy, was punished with an eternity of dying in battles for his Taylor-Swift--music-loving crimes
Was There Any Major Sieges in the Thirty Years war on the Franco-Spanish Border?
Not really. Most of the French-Spanish action took place on the border between France and the Spanish Netherlands.
Ich komme für die großen historischen Zusammenhänge und bleibe für putzig animierte Papageien und Igel :D
Business is booming for cannon-smiths.
it "was" booming in the 17th century..and it "is" booming in early 21th..
the death machine is the best european business still 🤑🤑🤑🤪
@@redcapetimetraveler7688 Most of this business is outsourced to the U.S.
@@MrNiceGuyHistory , sure it is outsourced in the USA..because de-industrialized Europe tries to cut defense spendings by hosting US/NATO 's troops ( right now 130 000 US personnels deployed in Europe with nukes that''s more military spendings than most of those weak countries ).That's why the USA is ruling over its most bankable colony : Europe ! and this is why the words "nordsteams " and "seymour hersh" are nowhere to be found in european medias...outsourcing power bases : the new suicidal european trend !
weren't canons made in foundries by then?
Speaking of sieges..
Siege machines when?
0:12 The audio said "Gdansk" while the map is showing "Danzig", of which Danzig would be the correct option
gdansk is polish. it’s just as correct.
shut up
no, Danzig would not be the correct option, maybe don't speak when you're ignorant.
Tourist attractions used to be so much better. Watch gladiators fight to death in Rome, people in s'Hertogenbosch being slowly starved by windmills.
Now you cannot even scratch your bloody name in the Coloseum!
Whats a sand roman?
Szandor and Rhoman run this channel.
Managed to get here early
I am eagerly waiting for swedish phase shame that this era doesnt get an attention it needs.
Why do you call the Holy Roman Empire as Germany?
Germany is the region, like the USA is referred to as America.
The holy royal ripoff they should have called it.
Why though? At it's inception at the beginning of the Middle Ages it was a proper successor (compared to Byzantine Empire at the time) to the Roman Empire
Gustavus Adolphus officers: this reckless bravery one day will kill Your Majesty!
GARS: not today. (Gustavus Adolphus Rex Sveciae)
Not the Siege of Malta by the Turks then?
prob outside the scope of the vid
Wrong century. He has another video on that.
Algorithms-isms
Dutch rule, Spanish drool.
quite the opposite actually... Spain was the great empire of the time and the Dutch fought very hard for a land of no great value. It was more a question of keeping the authority. When the Dutch became independent it was also expelled from Brasil and Angola, and Spain remained very rich and powerful but lost Portugal also. The dutch also failed to capture the phillipines but nevertheless was able to start their own overseas empire. After 1648 Spain kept very slowly loosing power in europe for several complex reasons. The genocidal behaviour of the protestant countries made the colonies very industrial and european-like...
@@andreoliveira685 Half of the income from the Spanish Empire came from the Netherlands. What do you mean, no great value? I'm normally not one for internet talk, but this sounds like a huge 'cope' from a Spaniard with at best a biased view on history.
@@merovekh the seven provinces were not half the economy even of the seventeen provinces (spanish netherlands), the richest ones were Flandres, Brabant and Artois. By the end of the 16th century the Spanish crown was able to make war against France, the Ottomans, the English, conquer the whole americas except for the extreme north and Brasil, the Philippines, etc. and you are saying half the money they got came from the netherlands? One shipment of silver captured by the British in the late 16th century amounted to basically the same value as the whole english treasury. Maybe at some points half the money they spent was in the war in the netherlands. All history I have ever read in english was so biased it can barely be called history, english literature is basically centuries of cope. But whats your source?
@@andreoliveira685the Dutch won more than 80% of sea battles against the Spanish Armada. FACT. The Dutch were the only ones that conquered a "Silverfleet" from Spain. The VOC was/is the by far richest Multinational EVER, 8 times bigger than APPLE nowadays. The Dutch controled about 250 trading posts all over the world. Spain and Portugal were by far the biggest slavertrading Empires at that time. They plundered, murdered and raped about all of the America's in the name of the fuckung Holy Church. It's a shame you bunch of hypocrites still deny ALL these FACTS. I know, it's not in your fairy tale history books.
You spelled Kiev wrong
It's how the Ukranians spell it, and it's become the officially recognised spelling ever since Russia invaded.
@@sahanavica.5574 Ukraine hasn't been a legitimate country since the 2014 coup when they became a puppet state. So it's Kiev
@@Ghastly_Grinner Go cry about it somewhere else, you're ruining the vibe with your weird alternate reality rambling.
@@sahanavica.5574 cope Russian forces continue to eat the ukranian military alive while nato watches on impotently eventually the ukraine will run out if conscripts to throw into minefields 🤷♂️
@@sahanavica.5574bro he's a troll just ignore him
PLZ DO INDIAN HISTORY
what happens in india in the time period this channel covers?
@@ThomasElmet I would absolutely love some videos about the Mughals and other Indian empires.
yes, it would be great
nah
What a waste, caths against prots, all because of the delusion of the guy in the sky. Religion has constantly hampered human development. What a mess!
You watched this series about the Thirty Years war and actually thought it was about religion?
This was about the beginning of the modern era, the end of the feudal order and economic trends that brought about capitalism
You’re very closed minded if you think religion is the root cause of people always find ways and justifications to kill and invade. Religion is also responsible for many great developments in the human race as well.