Week 9 : CONFOUNDING: DEFINITION

[@m.c.degroffdavis9885]

Thank you so much! You have cleared up issues I had with confounding as well as introduced new ideas. You rock!

[@yilmazdemir6844]

Impressive! Thank you for a most pedagogic explenation I´ve heard.

[@holliestone4507]

Explained so clearly and accessibly. Thank you very much.

[@subhamnandy5700]

Thank you Sir. Your explanation encouraged me to go through confounding once again.

[@sharifabahar6257]

Thanks for sharing it ...
get knowledge to share more

[@amatwumwaaacheampong3227]

Thank you Professor. That was very well explained

[@salimjuma4919]

marvelous

[@bridgetmutema9320]

very helpful slides thankyou

[@MsAmour2009]

that is very well explained

[@sharika809]

How to understand and interpret confounders when odds ratio is less than 1?

[@haohuang8610]

what if the risk ratio from old group is not equals to the risk ratio from the young group? How can we identify confounder empirically?

[@nystagmus]

I don’t get it: if the adjusted risk ratio is 1.5 for BOTH the old and the young, then didn’t you prove that age is not a factor between the two groups? Because they have the same risk ratio.

[@adelzaki438]

Risk ratio is the same for SMOKING whether age is young or old, this just prove that smoking is a risk factor for CHD at any age, Still Risk of CHD is higher in older age even after adjusting for smoking.