How Nuclear Weapons Work
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ก.ย. 2024
- If you would like the presentation from this video for a school report, the Power Point can be found here:
www.ryanmcbeth...
All isotopes exist in two forms: stable and unstable. These unstable isotopes are considered "radioactive" because they have too many neutrons compared with their protons. Nature abhors this imbalance and resolves it in a number of ways. It can turn a neutron into a proton, releasing a few protons and neutrons as "alpha particles" (which are basically helium without the electrons.) Or shed a neutron.
If shed neutrons are captured by other nearby isotopes and made unstable, the result can become a "chain reaction" where more neutrons are released by nearby atoms than absorbed. Under the right conditions, this can power cities. Left uncontrolled, it can destroy them.
Note: the final segment of this video is President Truman's address to the United States after the first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
This video covers:
Types of Radiation
How a nuclear weapon works
Weapons effects,
Tactical and strategic warheads
Employment and delivery
Electromagnetic pulse.
Find Ryan McBeth merchandise here:
www.bunkerbran...
Watch all of my long form videos:
• Military Equipment, Ta...
Connect with me on
Twitter:
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Or
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Or
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Join the conversation:
/ discord
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
References:
Types of radiation.
www.nrc.gov/re...
How Fuel is made:
www.world-nucl...
How neutrons make things radioactive
hps.org/publici...
The Gun-type design.
blog.nuclearsec...
Where does the plutonium come from?
fas.org/blogs/....
Plutonium-240
en.wikipedia.o...
The Devastating Effects of Nuclear Weapons
thereader.mitp...
www.arpansa.go...
Irradiated food
www.fda.gov/fo...
Why Gamma rays are dangerous:
letstalkscienc...
Why are there so many different ways to measure radiation exposure?
slate.com/news....
REM Chart
www.atomicarch...
Don’t use conditioner
www.npr.org/se...
US Power Grid
www.epa.gov/gr...)
Diethylenetriamene pentaacetate (DTPA),
emergency.cdc....
Pictures and rights:
"Dad awaiting an MRI prior to radiation therapy" by SilverStack is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
The Day After ABC (1993)
"Plutonium Puck" by Savannah River Site is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"destruction" by monkeyc.net is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"death" by monkeyc.net is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"160913-F-BP133-163.jpg" by AirmanMagazine is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"Datacenter" by e53 is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
"Whale and Dolphin Flying The Enola Gay" by asmith62378 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"Miata" by gibsonsgolfer is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN TALKS ON ATOMIC BOMBS
Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Chief Signal Officer.
8/6/1945
If you would like the presentation from this video for a school report, the Power Point can be found here:
www.ryanmcbeth.com/single-post/nuclear-weapons-101
All isotopes exist in two forms: stable and unstable. These unstable isotopes are considered "radioactive" because they have too many neutrons compared with their protons. Nature abhors this imbalance and resolves it in a number of ways. It can turn a neutron into a proton, releasing a few protons and neutrons as "alpha particles" (which are basically helium without the electrons.) Or shed a neutron.
If shed neutrons are captured by other nearby isotopes and made unstable, the result can become a "chain reaction" where more neutrons are released by nearby atoms than absorbed. Under the right conditions, this can power cities. Left uncontrolled, it can destroy them.
Note: the final segment of this video is President Truman's address to the United States after the first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
This video covers:
Types of Radiation
How a nuclear weapon works
Weapons effects,
Tactical and strategic warheads
Employment and delivery
Electromagnetic pulse.
Watch all of my long form videos:
th-cam.com/play/PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy.html
Connect with me on
Twitter:
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Or
WCK.org
Or
Gsmsg.org
Join the conversation:
discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
References:
Types of radiation.
www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/science-101/what-are-different-types-of-radiation.html
How Fuel is made:
www.world-nuclear.org/nuclear-essentials/how-is-uranium-made-into-nuclear-fuel.aspx
How neutrons make things radioactive
hps.org/publicinformation/ate/q12968.html
The Gun-type design.
blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/2011/11/08/the-mysterious-design-of-little-boy/
Where does the plutonium come from?
fas.org/blogs/fas/2013/09/where-does-the-plutonium-come-from/#:~:text=The%20U%2D239%2C%20in%20turn,atom%20into%20one%20of%20plutonium.
Plutonium-240
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-240
The Devastating Effects of Nuclear Weapons
thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/devastating-effects-of-nuclear-weapons-war/
www.arpansa.gov.au/understanding-radiation/what-is-radiation/ionising-radiation/gamma-radiation
Irradiated food
www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-irradiation-what-you-need-know
Why Gamma rays are dangerous:
letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/stem-in-context/gamma-rays-helper-or-hazard
Why are there so many different ways to measure radiation exposure?
slate.com/news-and-politics/2011/03/sievert-gray-rem-and-rad-why-are-there-so-many-different-ways-to-measure-radiation-exposure.html#:~:text=They%20provide%20a%20measure%20of,the%20body%20in%20different%20ways.
REM Chart
www.atomicarchive.com/science/effects/radiation-effects-human.html
Don’t use conditioner
www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/15/543647878/in-the-event-of-a-nuclear-blast-don-t-condition-your-hair
US Power Grid
www.epa.gov/green-power-markets/us-electricity-grid-markets#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20U.S.%20Energy,the%20country%20(EIA%2C%202016)
Diethylenetriamene pentaacetate (DTPA),
emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/dtpa.pdf
Pictures and rights:
"Dad awaiting an MRI prior to radiation therapy" by SilverStack is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
The Day After ABC (1993)
"Plutonium Puck" by Savannah River Site is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"destruction" by monkeyc.net is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"death" by monkeyc.net is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"160913-F-BP133-163.jpg" by AirmanMagazine is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"Datacenter" by e53 is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
"Whale and Dolphin Flying The Enola Gay" by asmith62378 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"Miata" by gibsonsgolfer is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN TALKS ON ATOMIC BOMBS
Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Chief Signal Officer.
8/6/1945
Far be it from me to point out Ukraine has at least one device. Blame 6 months of war, a half dozen NPPs, and a few or more than a few Ukrainian-Israeli nuclear scientists. Vlad's not gonna use nukes. Gun trigger is much easier albeit lower yield than an implosion device. Ah, Metal shop!
can you do a comparison between Russia’s illegal actions and Israel’s illegal actions and the difference in how the US handles it? Do it for fellow American journalist, Shireen Abu Akleh
You and Mr. Broe could have an awesome podcast about nuclear conflict for days!
Thanks for the great episode Ryan.
Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb is timeless.
You're an amazing educator. You just packed something that should take hours to explain into a 45 minute video and did a better job of explaining things than my high school teachers ever could.
jesus christ, whilst i dont disagree that Ryan makes a great and informative lecture here, keep in mind our high schools are incredibly overcrowded, underfunded, violent and unacceptable environments for teachers to properly do their jobs. This is all thanks to Republicans and Christians voters and politicians tag-teaming the stripping of federal and state funding for public schools over the last 50 years. So keep teachers out of your mouth unless giving them respect for being way underpaid and having to put up with mass shootings and crazy plans like"arming teachers" and direct blame to the appropriate people who are at fault. Not to mention this is highly specific and probably many parents might have a shit fit if their kids came home after being taught about nuclear weapons, which last time i checked, isnt in any school curriculum. Oh and one last thing, This channel is one of the exceptions, as Mr. McBeth has earned the cred of being a reliable open source journalist, its generally a bad idea to get your education and research from social media. Dont forget that. I just dont like it when people "low key" insult our teachers man. Thats ridiculous considering all the shit they have to put up with.
Thats all i got to say about that.
@@raidermaxx2324 did you really just make a non political topic political?
@@mirrormonstere113 Blake made it political.
@@nubgaming1013 no they didn't....
@@mirrormonstere113 yes they did. While a common and possibly correct statement. It is nonetheless political.
As someone who has worked in the nuclear weapons industry for 10 years, I can say that I'm impressed with your work here. Incredibly concise yet detailed.
Hi, do you take commissions?
Man, the watchlists must be blowing up with some of these comments..... LoL
.....HAHA "blowing up" HAHAHAHAA
I’d expect an email from the CCP after that comment mate.
@@Restrodsworth they haven't found me yet lol
As someone who has worked in the nuclear weapons industry for over 30 years. I can tell you that they’re big bombs.
Solid presentation! Thanks Ryan!
Your interview with Artur Rehi (Estonian Soldier Podcast) answers a lot of nuke related question. Does a nuclear bomb have an oopsie button if someone decides to cancel after launch?
@@pacifist9805 yo mamma has an oopsie button
@@pacifist9805 No. A nuclear warhead travels multiple times the speed of sound and arrives at its destination (hello, Moscow!) within minutes. There is no way to cancel it, no way to recall it. Your best bet to cancel it would be to intercept it with another missile while it's still reaching its optimal altitude. Once it does, however, and releases the warhead itself, it's over. That's the reason why there are so many mechanisms around authorizing a nuclear launch- everyone knows once you hit "launch," there's no turning back.
@@kagakai7729 Yes, Jake told that in the podcast among other interesting facts. No cancellation at 007 seconds or 1 sec before the end Mission Impossible style. What a letdown.
@@pacifist9805 Hollywood instills hope in that way. Nobody wins a nuclear war. To win - it's best "not to play" (WarGames, 1983).
I have no words to explain how well done this presentation is. Absolutely incredible.
I have never learned so much information so quickly before, and it blows my mind how straightforward and easy to learn that Ryan makes it. So absolutely clear and concise for everyone to understand, and FLAWLESSLY put together in a logical way.
This is so far beyond any educational video I've ever seen on youtube. Completely impressive
Thank you
@@RyanMcBethProgramming Does the US still need nuclear scientists? I knew most this is in 8th grade and I wonder if It's too late to go back to college lmfao
@@Alexander-cg1ey absolutely, nuclear power is starting to pick up in a big way; and they're needed for upcoming technologies like fission and fusion power as well
@@Alexander-cg1ey It is never too late to learn.
@@handmadehearts you know, I need that encouragement today. I've been working on practical horticulture skills and was getting frustrated with some biochemistry
I'm a nuclear history buff from way back, and I never seen all the bits pulled together and presented so well.
Appreciate your work.
I second your comment. Much better then some of the lectures I've sat through.
Have you guys seen the video about nukes by the channel Hypo Hysterical History?
It was long, but absolutely amazing.
what exactly IS a "nuclear history buff"?
@@raidermaxx2324 a buff is a person who is interested in a particular subject or activity and knows some about it. Where are you from man, Port Lavaca?
@@ThumperX9 remember the story about the kid who built a reactor for a merit badge?
This isn't just informative and educational. It's straight up impressive to see a subject like this presented so well. You can tell you're in your element when talking about how weapons work, but this is next level, and I don't think anyone has ever managed it this well before.
Well done!
Ryans right but we used to get this in high school chemistry
Honestly Ryan, you should seriously consider making many more of these educational, longer format videos. You have a real talent for breaking down processes and functions and explaining them in a way that's incredibly simple to follow. Honestly you do a lot of good for a lot of kids, and adults, with more videos like this
"Quantum mechanics is kinda weird" damn straight Ryan 😂😂👍
He didn't explain QM because he didn't want the video to be long and short at once.
Replace "kinda" with "hella" 😆
@T.J. Kong charming
The Manhattan Project didn’t use gas centrifuges for enrichment, that came post war.
The Manhattan Project used gas diffusion and mass spectrometry using particle beam accelerators and really big magnets (calutron). The Germans also used calutron’s for Uranium enrichment during WW2. Two tons of low enriched (reactor grade) uranium was intercepted on route to Japan in May 1945.
Thank you so much for taking the time to write and deliver this fantastically comprehensive yet concise report, Ryan!
Accurate description. 👍
HERE is The TRUE Savior
YaH The Heavenly FATHER HIMSELF was Who they Crucified for our sins and “HERE IS THE PROOF”
From the Ancient Egyptian Semitic:
"Yad He Vav He" is what Moshe (Moses) wrote, when Moses asked YaH His Name (Exodus 3)
Ancient Egyptian Semitic Direct Translation
Yad - "Behold The Hand"
He - "Behold the Breath"
Vav - "Behold The NAIL"
Also, let's take a second to appreciate Marie Currie who gave her life to study these phenomenon. Such an underrated and underappreciated scientist, as well as one of my favorite scientists.
This video, like the preflight safety presentation, are again important to drill into ones subconscious. It’s not that we all need to become preppers, but it’s worth considering wherever you are to have a quick blink and think “what would I do if...”. I for one do this on planes as well as other public places. Don’t dwell on it, just have a quick think. This video has tons of useful information to help, thanks so much Ryan McBeth, this your delivery is perfect. Serious but not scary, illuminating but not insisting, well done again!
Speak for yourself I’ve prepping since Feb 24th.
@@betterwithrum do you mind me asking what country are you from? Is it true without a bunker with nukes you're screwed?
@@becky2235 only if you're in a likely targeted area, if you're in a rural location then you can be fairly well prepared with a few sheets of plastic sheeting to cover your windows and some water storage (the 5gal water cooler jugs are a great way to keep a fairly large amount of water on hand for a week or two)
The two biggest things to watch out for are fallout and water contamination, stay indoors for up to a week if possible and don't drink water unless you are certain of its cleanliness (boiling water won't decontaminate it if it's been irradiated)
@@betterwithrum
Than you're a couple of years late and a few items short...😏👍🏻
I’ve been working in this field for years. I can’t believe how clearly and concisely you covered so many different aspects of this complex topic. Nicely done sir.
This dude out here changing the world and shit. Love you Ryan. Thank you for being a good human.
indeed. this is the best thing to watch. on tv, or elsewhere.
@@daveinpenn if he had a talk show, I'd be all in. He's an encyclopedia of knowledge and wit that far exceeds any taking head currently involved in the information business.
@@InchFab gargantuan words, but, yes.
Practical, easy to understand and a good decent person. *[Citation needed]
@@burningchrome70 dude is a legend.
Best video I've ever seen on the subject. I've researched the subject off and on for decades and what I've learned has been stated here. One hell of a concise video Ryan, excellent job Sergeant!
Se here and completely agree, he did an amazing job!
So you've researched the subject off and on for decades and what you've learned doesn't include Teller's sparkplug? Maybe next decade?
I was a Navy Nuclear Propulsion Plant Operator and Radiological Controls Technician for 13 years. According to my radiation exposure records my total exposure after 13 years was exactly 1 REM. I am also a historian of sorts when it comes to Nuclear Power, Nuclear Weapons, and Radiation/Contamination exposure. This video was the "Bomb"! I mean it was really well done and very factual. There is one thing I'd like to bring up though. Nuclear weapon Yields are NOT proportional in that a 1 megaton weapon will not cause 10 times the destruction that a 100 kiloton weapon will.
First understand that a ground burst is the least efficient use of a nuclear weapon, unless you want to destroy a complex deep underground. The majority of the blast wave will be reflected up towards the atmosphere. For optimal surface destruction an airburst is needed at a particular height above the ground. What determines this height is the Incident Wave, direct blast from the explosion, and Reflective Wave, blast being reflected off the surface. There is a point were incident wave and the reflective wave meet and the combined wave causes the most damage but only for a certain distance. This is called Mach Stem. An airburst will create a ring of higher destruction where the Mach Stem was present because both waves cause a combined overpressure.
The higher the yield, the higher the altitude for the most efficient blast. The higher the altitude the thinner the atmosphere, thus minimizing thermal effects and blast, and more of the explosive yield will escape towards space. A 1 Megaton weapon is about 5-6 times the destruction of a 100 Kiloton weapon. The bigger the yield the less effective it is considering the cost in materials, energy, and money to create the weapon. Then there is the question of delivery. Megaton weapons have a HUGE amount of Uranium Tamper which is really heavy. Either a large expensive missile for one warhead or a big bomber to drop the bomb. Both threats are easier to take out than multiple independent re-entry vehicles (MIRVs). This is why there are no "Megaton" weapons in an operational (deployable) status in any countries arsenal. Literally, the bigger the bomb "Less Bang for the Buck".
I am glad you did not say there was enough Nuclear Weapons to devastate the earth several times over. That is very misleading.
If you calculate the average yield of these "deployable" weapons, weapons that have an active delivery platform available, then Russia's average yield per weapon is about 340kt and the US average yield per weapon is about 215kt. If Russia was to carpet bomb an area with all of their deployable nukes to a height that would maximize the blast destruction, then they could only devastate approximately 45,893 km². An area halfway between the size of Maryland (32,131 km²) and West Virginia(63,000 km²). If the US was to carpet bomb an area with all of their deployable nukes to a height that would maximize blast destruction , then they could only devastate approximately 30,088 km². An area smaller then the size of Maryland (32,131 km²).
Now that's not to say that life wouldn't suck hard after a full exchange. It certainly would and could bring about the full collapse of a country. Just wanted to add some clarity on certain aspects of Nuclear War.
Comments welcome.
What’s the area of the ten largest major cities? That would be pretty devastating.
@@bryjbry but his calc is with all the weapons available . there was another video where they calculated damage in the UK from a russian strike with different yields.
Thank you for this valuable input, appreciated !
Some MIRV's are designated to detonate in a pattern where the resulting Mach Sterns all meet over the target.
1 rem... that's like a salt shaker or holding a grapefruit halve . We can talk when you hit 10 and get some experience. I ran the neutron oven on coast guard cutter.
20 years ago I would've made fun of Ryan for owning a 1# dumbbell. But after those 20 years of sports injuries and physical therapy, I get it.
FBI, I’m just curious that’s all!!!
This is really well edited and really easy to follow along. Thanks for the visuals. This is a really good video.
A minor nitpick: Copper is used for underground electric cables. However, the cables used for the long-distance overhead electric grid, which are exposed to EMP radiation and may focus it to damaging effect, are made of aluminium-sheathed high-tensile steel. While copper is an excellent conductor, its density and inadequate tensile strength would make it snap under its own weight if suspended over the required span between the supporting pylons.
the steel wire supports the aluminum conductors it's not used as the conductor even though it gets energized . it's aluminum for several reasons .copper is heavier than steel so about 3 times the weight of aluminum so copper lines are very heavy requiring much stronger supports . the other huge reason is aluminum is about 1/5 the price of copper.
Simply outstanding. With my ADHD I can struggle to watch long form content, especially educational, but you kept my undivided attention through exceptional structuring, pacing and overall content delivery. Know that you are doing in incredibly valued work that is both impactful and appreciated.
His pace is spot on for me too.
Ryan, I know how much time and effort you put into this video, Thank you so much! I appreciate you
Excellent video.
Two simple and useful points you may wish to add :
1- the distance (radius from the blast point) at which a given effect is felt is roughly increasing as the square root of the bomb yield. Hence a 1Mt hydrogen bomb is about 100 times more than Hiroshima, but the associated radiuses for different levels of destruction are « only » 10 times those for Hiroshima.
2- regarding the effects on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as depicted in the many photos and films that exist, as dramatic as they may look, one must underline that most buildings were made of wood and hence extremely vulnerable to both blast and heat. Modern concrete buildings are a lot less fragile, although they suffer destruction or high damage if close enough to the point of explosion. In the case of Hiroshima, that would only be a few hundred meters.
At last, I would also suggest that you make at least a quick mention of the existence of worldwide remote detection devices for nuclear detonations, such as on the GPS constellation satellites. As well as post-explosion nuclear forensics methods that allow to know a lot about the type of bomb that was detonated - to the point of potentially attributing the originator.
For all those interested in this topic, please look up HypoHystericalHistory's video on this topic. If Ryan's video was a 101 level class, H3's video is a 201 or 205 level class on nuclear weapons and their advancement and derivatives
If you want a really advanced explanation some of the old M.I.T. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) college student lectures for nuclear physics and nuclear engineering have been uploaded to TH-cam.
Went thru 4 yrs university (BS) and 2 yrs grad school with (MS), and never seen or heard a general overview lecture this concise and comprehensive on man-made radiation. I have heard most of this on in snippets. But not in one discussion. Well done.
I was the Course Director for a U.S. Army course that taught Army medical doctors, dentists, pharmacists, and nurses (commissioned Medical Department officers) on the emergency medical response (first aid) to chemical, biologic and nuclear weapons. I did this for 5 years before being deployed to Iraq as the Command Surgeon. The NCOs and enlisted soldiers had there own specific CBRN class which focused on physical decontamination of equipment, decontamination of soldiers, the M40 mask and MOPP suit. The medical command did not want commissioned medical officers and dentists setting up decon tents! 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣. The information in this video is correct! 👍👍👍👍
The BEST explanation I have heard. Thanks for all you do Ryan. And I am one of those who grew up in the 70's and 80's and this was daily discussion in those days. You have done an amazing job of explaining all aspects of this subject. Thanks to you and all the contributors.
Very well done, Ryan. I grew up in the 50s-60s and lived most of my life in the fear of nuclear weapons. You did a great job putting all this into a 45 minute video.
HERE is The TRUE Savior
YaH The Heavenly FATHER HIMSELF was Who they Crucified for our sins and “HERE IS THE PROOF”
From the Ancient Egyptian Semitic:
"Yad He Vav He" is what Moshe (Moses) wrote, when Moses asked YaH His Name (Exodus 3)
Ancient Egyptian Semitic Direct Translation
Yad - "Behold The Hand"
He - "Behold the Breath"
Vav - "Behold The NAIL"
I remember doing the "under the desk" drills in the early 1970's. My first and second grade memories are mostly penmanship, little league, and nuclear strike drills.
As a child of the cold war, nukes have been a source of nightmares, driving me to know more about them. Ryan's humorous and intelligent explanations filled in a lot of gaps. Thanks very much for the effort that Ryan put into this very entertaining presentation.
I just learned so freaking much. Thanks a ton man, you're really excellent at explaining things in layman's terms
I just found your channel and I have to say, the production quality, quality of information, and ability to tell stories that educate is remarkable! Keep up the excellent work!
Tremendous video! So informative! Thank you for your service and the extensive amount of time you spent researching this video. Incredible!
I'm 36 and this is the first time in my life that I can remember where nuclear war is a possibility again. Crazy times...
You don't remember Iran?
@@jaymcdude1291 Iran to this day still doesn't have nuclear weapons.
When did it stop being a possibility
@@TheRealHungryHobo Iran's nuclear reactors were online, producing weapons grade uranium, years ago. North Korea has functional weapons, as tested multiple times before 2010.
Nuclear war is absolutely unlikely. Even if Russia or the USA sets off some nuke in Ukraine, it’s unlikely the nukes will continue being sent. Almost certainly a specific target gets eliminated and we move on to negotiating the next round of the war. Keep in mind a nuke is against many treaties, it’s a last ditch desperate attempt to even the field during a losing war, it’s not something that anyone can use to claim victory. So it won’t be used to secure victory, just to create havoc temporarily.
@18:37 Ryan: You state that the lithium hydride "absorbs the neutrons from its container of uranium." This is confusing. Why is the "container" (i.e. the secondary's tamper) offering up free neutrons for this process? Are you proposing that your secondary is a sparkplug-free design in which the tamper is composed of uranium-235? Or did you just completely forget the sparkplug? Forgive me if I reckon the latter.
Tampers for secondaries might be made out of most any available high-Z material, whether they are fissile, fissionable, or inert. Thus, lead, tungsten, natural uranium, depleted uranium, and even expensive fissiles like plutonium or highly enriched uranium are options. But it is known that inert materials have been used for these tampers and these materials will offer no meaningful neutrons for your breeding heavy hydrogens from lithium program. More to the point, natural uranium or depleted uranium are not going to offer up any meaningful neutrons just because they have been squished good and hard. So where are your "container neutrons" coming from? There are neutrons bleeding off the primary, but they have to close the distance and then make it through obstacles like the any shielding and secondary tamper so we would be asking a bit much of them.
The conventional answer is Edward Teller's "sparkplug," an authentic fission device on par with the primary, one that may even be gas-boosted. It is most distinct from the primary's design in that it is crushed to supercriticality by the implosion of secondary as a whole via radiation implosion. It lies at the heart of the body of fusion fuel (the lithium hydride) and that fuel is incased in the "container," i.e., the secondary's tamper. One of the reason I loath the fusion-fission-fusion-fission-fusion-fission-fusion-fission-fusion-confusion-fishing gibberish is that it is a confusing abstraction. The devices work the way they work. No need to argue about whether gas-boosting a spark plug counts as "fusion" stage or whether it come before the fission yield of the sparkplug or not. It isn't helpful.
Anyway, there are a number of "How nukes work" vids on TH-cam. The sycophantic comments thereunder go on and a on about how brilliant and wonderful they are, even though they are a convoluted, error-riddled messes. Yours is pretty darned sound. My main complaint is the depiction of the secondary--what's going one there? And the omission of the sparkplug.
Like your recent materials, their energy and directness. Eagerly looking forward to more.
Knowledge is the greatest gift of all. Knowledge is wealth. Thank you, Ryan for imparting knowledge to us all at no cost other than the time it took to listen carefully.
Japan was told to stop... they were told, "you will stop this war, or we will obliterate you". Japan refused and rejected this ultimatum.
Of course it's quite possible Japan could not imagine such a weapon, and any demonstration probably wouldn't have been believed. Sometimes you have to hit someone so hard that they cry uncle... and cry uncle Japan did... after the second hit anyway.
i was like 6 when The Day After was on the tv. I was devastated when Mahoney started showing signs of radiation sickness.
I remember that.
Yeah and the farmers getting told to scrape so many inches of topsoil off their fields before sewing new crops and them asking how and where do they put it and nobody knew.
Just a note that Steve Gutenberg’s character is named Steven Klein, not Mahoney. That should be an obvious reference for most
when you look at the Soviet / Russian maintenance of their nuclear submarines, I'm really not that worried about a nuclear attack by Russia due to the fact that the odds are in the favor of no, too little or poor maintenance and upkeep on the nuclear warheads. I'm more worried about North Korea and an EMP or two over North America.
Very well done, Ryan! Thank you for putting this together! I can imagine how long this took!
your math dont work out in terms of 'Stadium size'.
Tsar Bomb: 50Mt tnt yield
50 000 Mkg tnt
football field: 4462 sm
Tnt: 1.65g/cm3
1650kg/m3
50000kt tnt == 30.000.000m3 tnt
that means the tnt on the area of a football field by the biggest bomb ever tested would stack 6.8 KILOMETERS high.
I'm saving this video to show my children and to make available to others that need factual non-hyperbolic information about this subject.
Thank you so much. I learned a lot. It was at the right level for a "civilian."
This presentation was an excellent example of an IT leader presenting a technical subject to a non-technical audience. Bravo!
Tritium is a gas. Mixed with oxygen, it is liquid water (at least at room temperature). There are fluorescent LIQUIDS that glow because of tritium's beta decay; however, watch dials and gun sights glow because of Radium. Radium's half life is 1600 years, so the decrease in brightness is NOT because less radium is present. Rather, the radiation slowly breaks apart the fluorophors (or the binding agent that keeps phosphor in place) that generate visible light from the fast-moving particles.
I think I followed about half of the science. I'll watch it again and see if my high school physics and chemistry come back.This is all new to me and I'm 37 going on 38. I've been researching what to do for months and I really appreciate this video. I volunteered to do our monthly safety presentation at work and I feel like a tinfoil hat wearing weirdo talking about nuclear fallout and the importance of creating a shelter in place kit and go bag. I could see most of the population (those under 40) dying from preventable radiation sickness because we just don't know about this stuff. I guess I've taken all these years of peace for granted. God I hope nothing happens... if not for the sake of us stupid humans but for all the innocent wildlife that doesn't deserve to die because of one douche bag in an ego pissing contest.
If you haven't read it yet, I'd recommend "Nuclear War Survival Skills" by Cresson Kearny at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It's the prepper bible on the subject. You might also want to get more detailed information in weapons effects from "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons" by Glasstone and Dolan published by the US Departments of Defense and Energy. Both are available as free downloads as PDFs or HTML.
Excellent explanation.
As a punishment for being a smartass in class, my high school chemistry teacher made me teach a class on nuclear bombs.
He was impressed and said, "It's a good thing that stuff is too far way for you to get".
My high school is about an hour and a half drive from Douglas Point Nuclear Power Plant. It is a CANDU reactor so Uranium, Plutonium, Deuterium and Tritium weren't that far away.
His face went very pale when I told him that.
BTW dynamite and TNT aren't the same. Dynamite is a mixture of an inert absorbent material called Fuller's Earth and Nitroglycerin. Trinitrotoluene, TNT, is a pure substance with a much bigger punch and I'm still a smartass, sorry.
If I was still a CBRD training officer, I would show your video instead of the official military vids. Hope you will follow up with Chemical and Biological. Outstanding video.
I was an SP in a B-52 unit on alert. 6 birds cock on, plus 6 K-135 and 2 F-106’s on alert. The 52’s had four B-26’s and eight SRAM’s loaded. I know all about the the Cold War days.
I really like the way you address a subject to explain, you are a really good teacher, keep doing that and educate the world! Greetz from 🇳🇱
Ryan, this is an excellent video.
Question: is this a training video for European countries to start getting busy making some weapons to stop Russia from invading further? :-)
I have watched quite a lot of your videos and I think this is probably the best. So much information, clearly explained, interesting, enthusiastic, and at a good pace.
Ryan, you are getting REALLY good at this.
As a 60 year old Air Force veteran who was a B-52H Crew Chief pulling nuclear alert the evening the movie “The Morning After” aired, and having spent my entire life up to that point under nuclear threat; you are totally correct to say anyone under the age of 45 really has no idea what it is like to live in a world where we had over a hundred bombers “cocked” and ready to go at a moment’s notice. We could have them airborne in 5 minutes.
He refers to the immediate final consequences for all of us, not the imminent power all these bombs might mean. Having so many ready to be deployed is useless overkill and an indicator of the twisted world this has become.
@@phalancs The reason we had so many nukes was to allow survivability . If we had 100 or even 500, it is possible to overwhelm those numbers. But a few thousand guaranteed a retaliatory strike which is a true deterrent.
Watch "Threads" it makes "The Day After" look like Forrest Gump
I think you're wrong about young people not knowing what it's like to live under nuclear threat; it's not like the threat of sub-launched nukes ever went away, and that was always the scariest part of the trifecta. You could nuke the silos, nuke the TELs, and nuke the entire soviet air force on the ground, but since the 60s/70s when nuke subs got really quiet and really high endurance? Good luck finding those when they can hide anywhere in the entire ocean. Those submarines are always out there and always ready to go at a moment's notice.
Never mind "the day after" watch the UK version, "Threads" its a terrifying, the censors removed some as it was considered a bit beyond TV movie...
I graduated high school in 89, I remember the show 'The Day After', the Star Wars program, the wall in East-West Berlin coming down and Sinead O'Connor on SNL tearing up a photo of the Pope... crazy times
Really enjoyed this longer presentation, Ryan. I understand it likely depends on the subject, but I'd like to see more of these that an observer can get their teeth into. I am an old, old crone, in my 60's, who thought the spectre of nuclear war had been relegated to history. How wrong I was. This is why I loathe Putin with every fibre of my being. He appears to be a man misplaced in time, for how else to explain what seems to be his 19th century mindset intent on colonial expansion? Again, this is excellent stuff (clear & well presented) & I am prob going to rewatch this later in the week. Bravo, sir.
Well done Ryan, great work.
Guy in his bedroom with a desktop PC producing something as informative and engaging as any major network would with a budget of millions.
You should do more science education stuff with a basis in military topics, bet teachers and kids would find it great a resource.
Small correction, you give the half-life of Pu-240 (6,561 years) as the half-life of Pu-239 which is actually 24k years.
Fine presentation, Ryan. I'm somewhat older than you, and so was not in school when THE DAY AFTER was first televised. I certainly do recall how freaked out people in general were, though, by it. There's an English film rather similar, THREADS from the same period I recommend.
Also "On the beach" , circa 1960 or 1961 Great film and a real eye opener.
Threads might be one of the single most depressing and horrifying movies ever made.
@@danstotland6386
Didn't know they made a movie. I loved the book though. Gonna have to check it out for sure.
9:35 Former US Navy nuclear reactor operator. "MONEY!" That's not what I was expecting. Hilarious though!
Thanks Ryan for all you do, from one 11B to another!!!
Home Heating - Radiators - they are radioactive and that's how the heat your home!
Another good source of radiation? 5G :-)
And your mobile phone battery will get a full charge from the radiation, good news.
Are we still on the air?
Elan Musk, can I buy a bluetick please?
Best presentation on the subject I've ever seen. ( I'm over 45) huge amount of work to put it together, thank you for your time effort
I was born in the 50’s and, yeah, I remember. 23 years in the military and I never believed the threat was gone- I wanted to, but still had a nagging tic that said don’t trust the bastards. Pisses me off, I just wanted to fade away quietly walking my dogs & spoiling the grandkids. Thanks Vlad.
BTW - good brief.
You may have answered this already in the video but I'm just asking anyway... Does the amount of radiation you've been exposed to in your life decrease, like if you were exposed to 50 RAD's on Sunday but then on Saturday you were exposed to 50 more would it have the same effect as Being exposed to a 100 All at once Or do the Effects or Amount in your system Diminish over time? If my question makes any sense and if not ask me to explain please.
This was excellent. I remember duck and cover as well. I have, however, one “burning” question: what does it take to maintain nuclear weapons; what happens if you don’t and have Russia, Pakistan, India, North Korea the means and ability to maintain them and have they been?
Learned more about chemistry here than I did on my school... thanks!
Well done. This is all the stuff I learned growing up in the 1970s and 1980s. Probably because I was a bit of a nerd, but the advantage of being Gen X is that the threat of nuclear destruction is referred to by Cold War kids as ‘Tuesday’.
This is the video I needed. Knowledge is power. Thank you for giving us this great presentation.
@Ryan McBeth This is probably the BEST seminar on nukes that I have seen, and I was in the army for 20 years. 👍
This is great. You should add chapters when you upload the video so we can jump around. Love your vids!
My late dad was a nuclear physicist and a career US Army officer, later with the old Defense Nuclear Agency. He would be appalled at your conclusions around the 40 minute mark of your presentation. He recognized immediately in his work that the military and political leaders in the US had no idea what they were dealing with and planned accordingly. He would probably argue with your science too but I wouldn’t know.
Quality content as always, thank you! as a SRE I find datacenter topic quite interesting, one more reason to keep implementing high availability on our critical(especially gov) IT infrastructure as stable as possible.
@ 37:42 Notice how the WalMart mothership has a 'discount smokes and liquor' right by the entrance?
It's almost like people don't like working there, lol.....
That's the best youtube video I've ever seen. Great science primer and phenomenal self-defense explainer. Truman at the end was a touch of genius. Thanks and congratz.
Wow, thank you!
An to think that the elephants foot (the radioactive mass that melted into the the basement of Chernobyl) was estimated to cranking out an average of 9200 grays per hour, or 92000 REM ! If it only takes over 400 for the average person to die that melts my mind (pun intended)
Would love to hear what your favorite cadences are. I've never been in the military, but I sure take advantage of how motivating they are when I'm doing work! I like I left my home, and hard work are the best out of the ones I've heard in my opinion.
Here is an example that will demonstrate the extent people will go to deny realities that are unpleasant for them. The thought of nuclear war is so unpleasant to people, including politicians and military brass, that they have blocked it out of their minds as a possible realty, a mutually assured destruction that noone would engage in, music to the ears of reality deniers. So there has been little or no preparation for it. But it is a real weapon and a military must be prepared to defend against these weapons and still win a war when it is used against them, but they haven't, because they have conveniently erased the possibility from their minds.
What is the point in the US having a large army or Air force if nuclear weapons can destroy it in twenty minutes? Why would a country like Russia fight us in a unmatched conventual war they could lose in weeks when they can even the playing field and destroy most of our weapons with nukes in a first strike?
The theory that a nuclear war between the US and Russia would cause the destruction of the human race via a nuclear winter has been discredited. However, food supplies will be effected in some countries outside these areas. I have seen different models, and if all these thousands of nukes were exploded in the US, Europe, and Russia, between 7-7.5 of the 8 billion world population would still survive.
All the US and NATO bases should be underground, including weapons production and storage. To be a military weapons contractor your facilities must be underground and meet an inspection that verifies protection against a direct hit of 10 megatons. Jets can leave the underground bunkers and taxi to the air strip and take off. The Navy should have been mostly submarines, hundreds of them, not a concentration of ships clustered around each aircraft carrier that can all be taken out with one nuke. So no matter how much powerful NATO is militarily, as long as Russia has nukes, they can wipe nearly all of it off the map on the first day of war.
So what is the answer to Russian aggression that the reality deniers in the west do? They build larger armies and more conventional weapons that can be destroyed in twenty minutes. Think of the stupidity of that. I believe because of the human's ability to escape reality or convince himself/herself of an alternative reality, that in some ways, we as a species, are far more stupid than many other animals. A intelligent species would have planned for the worse and hoped for the best, not convince itself that the worse can't occur.
If the world ever calms down and we survive these times, I hope you get the recognition you so well deserve.
Especially if what he taught us, unfortunately has to be used.
Hopefully the internet as we know it can be reestablished afterwards and archived.
Honestly that should be a national security concern.
Great video. I'll still take a pass on being caught up in a nuke attack.
A suggestion for a future video, nerve agents. Ruskies haven't been afraid of using Novichock on foreign soil (versus the quietness of nukes for the last few decades) and I feel nerve agents are the most likely next attack in Europe.
When I was a kid in elementary school, my classmate and I did a report on nuclear weapons. i have always been fascinated by their power, so shorty after I bought "Trinity and Beyond" great movie. This was by far one the best explanations and presentations I've seen, amazing job, I can tell you put a lot of work into this and it showed. I really appreciate you sharing your knowledge and experiences, I really enjoy watching your content! Thank you from Missouri 👍👍👍
Y’all need to at least teach HS chemistry/physics if not at the university level - your delivery of the information you share is vibrant and infectious thus it draws in the listener - all good stuff…. European scientist = German and Austrian nationals… and even more post VE Day
After the CV 19 mask situation nobody is following health and safety guidelines. If we got hit by a spicy air firecracker we would be doomed.
you seems like you remember same like me, so did you ever heard about project that would make 500km no man land across Europe with help of nuclear weapons?
It’s sad how the NY video kinda just said good luck you got this and gave no real helpful tips. Thank you SFC Mcbeth I wish i had a leader like you in the army
Data centers being excellent countervalue targets was an great point that I hadn't considered. Yet another reason to invest in redundant and distributed data management (if cyber blackmail wasn't reason enough)
Prolly best rundown on nuclear preparedness I’ve ever seen. Too bad you didn’t have the radioactive cookie question. 🤣
If only we had only received this class in 1960 when my classmates and I were duck and covering under our desks. It would have abated so much anxiety.
Excellent job Sir. Only thing is I think you made an understatement about quantum mechanics being kinda weird. Stay safe and healthy young man.
"The more you know, the less you might be afraid..." no, nuclear weapons do not become less scary the more you learn about them. Quite the opposite in my view :). I do however feel everyone should have a primer so they treat the spectre of nuclear combat with the respect it deserves.
This was a very good video. I was able to follow it a lot easier than the 40 hour NBC Defense Course I took 20 years ago in Ft. Carson, CO.
This is the only person I have ever heard outside of physics and medicine mention DTPA. Only other one is Pussian Blue.
Hello. I'm an aspiring physicist. Physics is a mere approximation of reality. Which is why we keep using the less accurate representation that they use in high schools for electron orbits, until we need the more accurate one. And you will know when you need it. So don't fret about that minutia.
Don't send a rifleman to do an artilleryman's job and all that jazz.
I kind of had to throw that in there, because if I didn’t, then I would get the “well actually…” crowd chiming in.
@@RyanMcBethProgramming From the bottom of my heart, fuck those guys. Keep up the good work, it was a great video.
BLUF: This is just a high-level brief. Refer to your local CBRN SME for more information.
Your editing was really good on this episode. Lots of info, thanks for the channel!
42:32 interesting that Truman pronounces Hiroshima more authentically than most Americans do today, even though we have the idea that we are more cultured now
This video felt like a dark version of the Mr. DNA video from Jurassic Park ☢️ 🦕 🧬
Superb video. Incredible clarity. Something that is always missing in 99.9% of scientific videos. Great job!
[34:58] Why is Fred from Home Depot fork-lifting a massive nuke around?
Thank you for this detailed work. Jesus. How bout we not use this stuff ever again.
Dynamite is *not* the same as TNT. A kiloton of TNT does not have the same explosive power as a kiloton of dynamite.
What surprises me is hearing young people, talk about nuking countries like they do ramens in college.
I'll have to tell my former quantum mechanics professor that getting hit with an alpha particle is like getting hit with a miata lol
Threads is the best nuclear Armageddon movie by far.
Heartwarming the way your mom has kept your room the same over all these years.