What is Space Weather?

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Our planet is orbiting a violent raging star releasing millions of tonnes of material every second. And creating the ever changing conditions in space known as space weather. Like weather on Earth, space weather has its own seasons as solar activity rises and falls in roughly 11 years cycles. During active periods, the sun develops cool sunspots and active regions revealing areas of concentrated magnetic field lines under its surface. This magnetic activity drives Solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections. Flares drive clouds of particles and radiation into space at near light speeds. And Coronal Mass Ejections release billions of tonnes of plasma. Whatever the weather, a contant flow of electrons and protons stream out of the sun. This solar wind is forever interacting with Earth’s magnetic field. These charged particles can be accelerated through space by Coronal Mass Ejections and Solar Flares potentially harming astronauts and satellites in space. Extreme Solar events cause disturbances in Earth’s magnetic field. These geometric storms are the origin of the stunning Aurora and are potentially damaging to vital infrastructure in space and on the ground.