A fascinating lecture. This is what the internet was made for! The coming together of History, Myth and Science. The past being brought sharply into focus and confirming just how accurately history has recorded the events relating to the death and burial of Richard III. To watch the science overlapping and showing us in real time the almost perfect record history left us is astonishing.
Thank you for posting this wonderful lecture. Even though I watched the discovery of Richard III’s skeleton and later it’s royal interment in Leicester Cathedral several years ago, this lecture provided new information by someone who was actually involved in the process of identifying Richard. As others have mentioned here having high quality content like this lecture is one of the best things about the Internet in general and TH-cam specifically. It’s been a while since I last got so caught up in a video/lecture that I lost all track of time. That’s one of the greatest compliments that I can pay to this specific video. Please give us more high quality lectures like this one!
Most excellent lecture, Sarah Hainsworth! Incredible that his leg was exposed right at the very edge of the trench as initially permitted. Kudos to all involved in this discovery. Thanks for posting, Gresham College!
Too true. As someone who is totally blind and has a hearing problem, even if I could get to them I find live lectures and debates very hard to follow. So it's tremendous to be able to bring them up online where I can hear first-hand from these great experts, but have the ability to listen in small chunks so's my concentration isn't flagging, and to take things back if I haven't heard something.
One of the few. If it was only was use for useful trade of information that would be fantastic. Overall the internet has done more damage to civilization than anything else in history !(just my opinion, which does not matter) We were better off without it!
So true! Until some years ago I lived in NYC and could attend many fascinating lectures. Now I am 71 and retired out of the City. So the internet is my best source of information like this. And we can see so much! Life has NOT closed in on me as I've aged. Richard III is so fascinating. I am glad he has been found. I followed the news on this as it was happening from my side of the pond.
It's OK, he is past suffering and has been for hundreds of years. But I know what you mean. I see the reconstructed face and feel grief - but he's OK now
this is an example when the youtube algorythm found something totally different to what i normally browse but was a real gem and interesting. :) well done of the team behind this project and thank you for uploading it
I remember learning about this when it happened and thinking it was the most fascinating thing in the world. I would love to have gone to the procession before the funeral -- how many times in history would something like this happen? And I love how it was all due to the stubbornness of a Richard III fangirl who just would not give up, Philippa Langley. So many advances and discoveries are due to people who just won't stop pushing on something.
I am so pleased that Richard's grave is in Leicester. I have been there many times on visits to the UK and was so touched that so much in the city was about Richard and not about Henry. I dont suppose I will come again as I am now not so young but I really enjoyed this presentation. Thank you
You'll find, if you look, a video of a young man with the exact same scoliosis who volunteered to train, wear armor, and go through the paces a warrior must accomplish. This was a test whether R IIIs reputation in battle was likely or not Volunteers we're sought. The young man had opted out of available surgery because of heart issues I think ... Anyway in a relatively short time he had picked up the skills and ability. The historic recreation experts recreated a set of armor and he felt supported and did well. If he'd trained from childhood before onset like Richard, seems he'd have managed. Just as Richard was known and was reported as a respectable field warrior himself. Confirmed. Yay team R III 👍👵💔
@@sabrinanewland9982 I disagree. Why would he? He would have inherited the crown anyway, being that they kind of proved the children were illegitimate. But we won't know the definitive answer to that question until more evidence is found
@@paranihiaanaru4414 RICHARD attempted to prove the boys were illigitimate... a claim that has since been debunked. RICHARD and Richard alone was responsible for the dissapearance of his nephews... I suggest you do some further research on the subject
While watching the video I was intrigued by the odds of hitting Ricky 3rd on a trench. Last question and that R was on the parking lane above his body makes it almost magical, mystical.
Neither magical nor mystical - merely the human brain trying to find a pattern where none exists, much like seeing faces in martian rocks and dragons in clouds.
I love that you can see her excitement when she talks about the excavation and about the forensic work. I read the novel The truth is a Daugther of Time by Josephine Tey and even I`m German since then I`m a Richadican and that They found his remains is such an exiting story. I can`t wait to go to Leicester Cathedral to pay my respects.
Oh! My history class was assigned that book when I was a HJ Junior in NYC! Now I'm 71. You just gave me a wonderful idea: I will read that book again now! I remember loving it. But the details are lost. And besides, I am sure I would get a lot more out of it now. Thanks for the great idea! 😻
What I did find especially poignant was looking at the family tree. Prior to the late 17th century, a very large proportion of the female line died before their late 30s, many much younger. After that, their lifespan began to improve quite dramatically, I can only assume this was related to improved conditions of child-birth.
Also, fewer births were needed once infant mortality dropped with the evolution of modern medicine. We tend to forget how fundamental child mortality is for the role of women in society. Generally, mammalian infant mortality in nature is 50% or more, and that imposes demands on the females of a species if the species is to survive. With almost zero infant mortality, the average woman needs to give birth to 2.1 children for the population to be stable. With a natural infant mortality rate and high maternal death rate, the average woman would need to give birth to five or six children in a shorter average lifetime. The conditions for women to participate more fully in human life are pretty clear.
Thank you for posting! From someone that who wanted to be an archeologist from the age of 6 but whose life had a different plan! How exciting it must have been to have been part of that team
I know this is an old video but just because a lady in the audience has scoliosis and limps does not mean that Richard limped. Dominic Smee, the young man who body doubled Richard for the armour experiments, has an almost identical scoliosis to Richards, and he does not limp, nor for that matter is it noticeable that his spine is in any way unusual.
I died and was killed at Towton. I followed Richard during his reign I lived in York. Don't ask me how I know, I feel it. I get the same feeling seeing Richard as I do when I visit York.
This is so cool. I was working on the cathedral opposite and Jubilee square whilst this was all kicking off. Never had a chance to keep an eye on what was happening at the time. Thank you for this lecture.
To be fair to Jo Appleby, she wasn't expecting his head to be anywhere near where it was. No digger would have as the position wasnt a normal or natural one for the head of a skeleton to be.She received a lot of flak for this but really, the only thing that she's guilty of is coming across as less than personable and owning up to an embarrassing faux Pas.
Wonderful documentary, thank you for sharing! Always had a soft spot for him. Feel there's so much more than we will ever know, and he has been much maligned
Dickie iii served his country well for over 500 years as a speed control bump in Leicester. Without a doubt the most useful aristocrat there has ever been, or ever will be. Thanks for the upload, very entertaining and informative.
Understand its a joke, but as the absence of feet show the site had been built over numerous times since the destruction of Friary in 1538. The grave site was either under a building and/or under gardens just outside them till the the 1870s and it wasn't till the mid 1930s that modern pre archaeological excavation layout existed.
This is a fabulous example of how incredibly knowledgable and dedicated people can go back in time, literally, and provide us with proof that what history has told us happened, did happen. Not only did they have to scientifically prove that they had discovered what they thought they had discovered, but they then had to delve into DNA evidence, track down descendants, and finally arrive at a conclusion that modern day descendants are here to prove that history does not lie.
I am going to be very pedantic, but the modern day photo of Fotheringhay Castle, is not of the castle. In fact, no ruins remain. All that is there is the mound that was once the keep. All the masonry has gone. I have visited many, many times as a child. Other than that, a very interesting presentation
@@hellfirepictures Yes, which is why the photo attributed to Fotheringhay is of a different castle. I know Fotheringhay very well, and played there as a kid. There is nothing left of it. Not one piece of masonry. Nothing.
Just imagine. I sat in a car that was owned by a girl, who sat in a car that was owned by another girl who parked her car on the King of England. It's really a small world after all, isn't it?
I would love to have this science find the answers of who those two little boys were that were found in the stairwell. I know Her Majesty has not given consent, so there's one obstacle. Still, it would be nice for them to have their identity back after all these years...
Fascinating lecture. A triumph of archeological insight and forensic science. And a lot of luck of course! People who have difficulty understanding the lecturer should put on the captions - but anyone from the UK will have no trouble I think, I certainly didn't (apart from "I'm an engineer" right at the start, which I couldn't make out for some reason - when I looked at at the captions I thought "oh of course". Maybe I just didn't expect it because she looked so much like a professor!)
Am I missing something obvious? Richard's father and mother and brother Edmund are buried in Fotheringay church, brother Edward and sister Anne are in St Georges chapel, Windsor Castle, sister Elizabeth in Wingfield Church and brother George in Tewkesbury abbey. Don't know about sister Margaret. That's an awful lot of possible DNA to do a direct comparison without trying to trace through all those generations.
The route they took was much more ethical and elegant. Can you imagine what it will take to get permission for remains to be exhumed? And what for, if you could get a swab from a living relative?
Technical note for Gresham College: Don’t let the presenters wear necklaces that lie directly on the microphone while recording these presentations🤷. Other than that technical issue, brilliant presentation. Thank you.
I'm one of those skeptical of the things that Shakespeare concocted of the different characters whom he was tasked with making one person or another a villain or a hero. I had an amazing teacher in High School, he taught things where he would sort of demand for us to look at history with a critical thinking sort of thinking. I remember him asked students to go to the library and look through different sources for a certain king or a certain war or what have you. Looking at each of them, how did they compare. Where were they saying something that didn't seem right. That kind of thing.
Nevermind common archaeological practice. That applies to remains of unknown identity. Hardly the case here. This reburial should have been in York Minster. Otherwise an interesting lecture.
No - as clearly explained, the striations on different areas of the skull match, meaning they were made by a single, bladed weapon. A crushed helmet would provide different markings at each region of the skull it impacted.
Why not, conduct a csi into what became of those 2 boys, brothers, Richard’s nephews he put in the tower (for their own protection) he claimed. Who were never heard from again?
Excellent! England would have been a far better place if this true king had not been usurped by a low-class upstart who in turn fathered the most horrendous freak of English royalty: Henry XIII
Genealogy, dear, not "ology", but "alogy". Still, you couldn't be expected to know stuff outside your specialist area, and you are not the only one to commit this ubiquitous solecism. Many a self-appointed expert and hugely qualified, enviably learned university graduate has done exactly that during very serious academic lectures, so don't feel bad about it.
Though she is an academic, the bulk of her career has been as a researcher, not a public speaker. There is such a thing leaning to listen to content and ignore verbal tics.
They saw the skeleton and as they were uncovering it near where the skull would be, decided to use metal implements instead of brushes or any of the many tools available to an archeologist. Cracked skull is not surprising.
This was largely a PR scam I think. The evidence for the skeleton being Richard rather than one of many many other people it could be is pretty thin. But it's done wonders for the profiles of various people and places.
You know they wrote and published a reasonably large number of scientific papers which were submitted for peer review and there was independent blind testing on the DNA right? The University of Leicester is a very reputable organisation and it not like the weren't completely open and honest about the whole process, including bringing in many organisations which had no possible motive to helping the University or the city of Leicester carry out a 'PR scam' which included the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) and the University of Oxford's Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit. Honestly this putting everything you don't understand into an ignorant "its a conspiracy" rant is just boneheaded.
@@user-uy6uc5ey5q All that was proved is that the skeleton was from around the same period and was either Richard or someone who may have been related to Richard. Obviously everyone would like it to be Richard. I don't doubt any of the scientific findings - but the huge razzmatazz about them and the misleading certainty ascribed to them is indicative of a PR scam.
@@user-uy6uc5ey5qThe DNA evidence isn't conclusive. As has been pointed out by genuine experts 'the DNA match from the Leicester skeleton could equally be the result of the bones being those of someone descended in the female line from Richard’s mother, Cecily Neville, including her two daughters. It could also be those traceable from the other daughters of Cecily’s mother, Joan Beaufort, any daughters of her grandmother Katherine Swynford, and so on. Joan Beaufort had 16 children, which made her the ancestor of much of the nobility of the Wars of the Roses - quite a few of whom died violently in those conflicts'. There is a lot of reliance on the circumstantial evidence - the scoliosis, hair and eye colour, location of the grave etc. All of which points in the right direction but none of which is conclusive.
A fascinating lecture. This is what the internet was made for! The coming together of History, Myth and Science. The past being brought sharply into focus and confirming just how accurately history has recorded the events relating to the death and burial of Richard III. To watch the science overlapping and showing us in real time the almost perfect record history left us is astonishing.
Thank you for posting this wonderful lecture. Even though I watched the discovery of Richard III’s skeleton and later it’s royal interment in Leicester Cathedral several years ago, this lecture provided new information by someone who was actually involved in the process of identifying Richard. As others have mentioned here having high quality content like this lecture is one of the best things about the Internet in general and TH-cam specifically. It’s been a while since I last got so caught up in a video/lecture that I lost all track of time. That’s one of the greatest compliments that I can pay to this specific video. Please give us more high quality lectures like this one!
Most excellent lecture, Sarah Hainsworth! Incredible that his leg was exposed right at the very edge of the trench as initially permitted. Kudos to all involved in this discovery. Thanks for posting, Gresham College!
An example of what makes the Internet worthwhile.
Too true. As someone who is totally blind and has a hearing problem, even if I could get to them I find live lectures and debates very hard to follow. So it's tremendous to be able to bring them up online where I can hear first-hand from these great experts, but have the ability to listen in small chunks so's my concentration isn't flagging, and to take things back if I haven't heard something.
One of the few. If it was only was use for useful trade of information that would be fantastic. Overall the internet has done more damage to civilization than anything else in history !(just my opinion, which does not matter) We were better off without it!
So true! Until some years ago I lived in NYC and could attend many fascinating lectures. Now I am 71 and retired out of the City. So the internet is my best source of information like this. And we can see so much! Life has NOT closed in on me as I've aged.
Richard III is so fascinating. I am glad he has been found. I followed the news on this as it was happening from my side of the pond.
How old are you? You must be no younger than 82.
@@dan4lau How are you typing in the comments section if you are clinically blind??
That lecture was so well done and the audience asked excellent questions.
Fabulous lecture. Richard III has always been my favorite. Whenever I see his skull, I just want to cry.
See his skull often do you?
It's OK, he is past suffering and has been for hundreds of years. But I know what you mean. I see the reconstructed face and feel grief - but he's OK now
@@paranihiaanaru4414 No kidding.
That's one of the things I love about archaeology, the piecing of clues to form a picture and understanding of the past.
this is an example when the youtube algorythm found something totally different to what i normally browse but was a real gem and interesting. :) well done of the team behind this project and thank you for uploading it
It is quite fascinating
I remember learning about this when it happened and thinking it was the most fascinating thing in the world. I would love to have gone to the procession before the funeral -- how many times in history would something like this happen? And I love how it was all due to the stubbornness of a Richard III fangirl who just would not give up, Philippa Langley. So many advances and discoveries are due to people who just won't stop pushing on something.
I am so pleased that Richard's grave is in Leicester. I have been there many times on visits to the UK and was so touched that so much in the city was about Richard and not about Henry. I dont suppose I will come again as I am now not so young but I really enjoyed this presentation. Thank you
How can anyone put a thumbs down on this great lecture? Ignorance is bliss.
You'll find, if you look, a video of a young man with the exact same scoliosis who volunteered to train, wear armor, and go through the paces a warrior must accomplish.
This was a test whether R IIIs reputation in battle was likely or not Volunteers we're sought.
The young man had opted out of available surgery because of heart issues I think ...
Anyway in a relatively short time he had picked up the skills and ability. The historic recreation experts recreated a set of armor and he felt supported and did well.
If he'd trained from childhood before onset like Richard, seems he'd have managed. Just as Richard was known and was reported as a respectable field warrior himself. Confirmed.
Yay team R III 👍👵💔
Yes, I for one viewed the video! It really showed that Richard could have been able to be fine in battle given his handicap
Yes , I watched the same documentary and as many others as I could find regarding Richard111. ... but I still believe he had his nephews murdered
YES, thank you I did watch that one! ... but I still believe he had his nephews murdered
@@sabrinanewland9982 I disagree. Why would he? He would have inherited the crown anyway, being that they kind of proved the children were illegitimate. But we won't know the definitive answer to that question until more evidence is found
@@paranihiaanaru4414 RICHARD attempted to prove the boys were illigitimate... a claim that has since been debunked. RICHARD and Richard alone was responsible for the dissapearance of his nephews... I suggest you do some further research on the subject
What a fascinating presentation. Amazing job.
I’ve been a big fan of Richard III since I first read Josephine Tey’s Daughter of Time when I was 13. I was thrilled with the find.
Oh my goodness, what a project to be involved in. Great job
While watching the video I was intrigued by the odds of hitting Ricky 3rd on a trench. Last question and that R was on the parking lane above his body makes it almost magical, mystical.
Magical and mystical?
The R probably was R for reserved parking.Just a coincidence.
Neither magical nor mystical - merely the human brain trying to find a pattern where none exists, much like seeing faces in martian rocks and dragons in clouds.
What an absolutely wonderful lecture and discussion. Fascinating, than you so much.
I love that you can see her excitement when she talks about the excavation and about the forensic work.
I read the novel The truth is a Daugther of Time by Josephine Tey and even I`m German since then I`m a Richadican and that They found his remains is such an exiting story.
I can`t wait to go to Leicester Cathedral to pay my respects.
Oh! My history class was assigned that book when I was a HJ Junior in NYC! Now I'm 71. You just gave me a wonderful idea: I will read that book again now! I remember loving it. But the details are lost. And besides, I am sure I would get a lot more out of it now. Thanks for the great idea! 😻
Brilliant! Love this so much. The way everything just came together with amazing serendipity. Astonishing! Such a great talk.
What I did find especially poignant was looking at the family tree. Prior to the late 17th century, a very large proportion of the female line died before their late 30s, many much younger. After that, their lifespan began to improve quite dramatically, I can only assume this was related to improved conditions of child-birth.
Also, fewer births were needed once infant mortality dropped with the evolution of modern medicine. We tend to forget how fundamental child mortality is for the role of women in society. Generally, mammalian infant mortality in nature is 50% or more, and that imposes demands on the females of a species if the species is to survive. With almost zero infant mortality, the average woman needs to give birth to 2.1 children for the population to be stable. With a natural infant mortality rate and high maternal death rate, the average woman would need to give birth to five or six children in a shorter average lifetime. The conditions for women to participate more fully in human life are pretty clear.
Thank you for posting! From someone that who wanted to be an archeologist from the age of 6 but whose life had a different plan! How exciting it must have been to have been part of that team
I know this is an old video but just because a lady in the audience has scoliosis and limps does not mean that Richard limped. Dominic Smee, the young man who body doubled Richard for the armour experiments, has an almost identical scoliosis to Richards, and he does not limp, nor for that matter is it noticeable that his spine is in any way unusual.
I died and was killed at Towton. I followed Richard during his reign I lived in York. Don't ask me how I know, I feel it. I get the same feeling seeing Richard as I do when I visit York.
This is so cool. I was working on the cathedral opposite and Jubilee square whilst this was all kicking off. Never had a chance to keep an eye on what was happening at the time. Thank you for this lecture.
Excellent. I tremendously enjoyed this. Thank you.
Excellent. Fascinating. Enjoyable.
Thank you for posting.
Thank you, very interesting.
Excellent. Thank you.
Terrifically fascinating! Science for the win
This lecture was fascinating. It must have been extremely painful for Richard 3 to live and function with that scoliosis.
Excellent lecture. Thank you
1:06 Why John Ashdown-Hill has been left out?!!!!!!
Great lecture! Interesting and well- explained. Thanks!
27:44 However, the girl excavating the skull did put a hole in it with her mattock.
35:55
To be fair to Jo Appleby, she wasn't expecting his head to be anywhere near where it was. No digger would have as the position wasnt a normal or natural one for the head of a skeleton to be.She received a lot of flak for this but really, the only thing that she's guilty of is coming across as less than personable and owning up to an embarrassing faux Pas.
Wonderful documentary, thank you for sharing! Always had a soft spot for him. Feel there's so much more than we will ever know, and he has been much maligned
Could you also find the bones of the two young princes that were killed in the tower?
So without the Franciscans we would not have known…
I think Richard was ready to be found!
Dickie iii served his country well for over 500 years as a speed control bump in Leicester. Without a doubt the most useful aristocrat there has ever been, or ever will be. Thanks for the upload, very entertaining and informative.
Understand its a joke, but as the absence of feet show the site had been built over numerous times since the destruction of Friary in 1538. The grave site was either under a building and/or under gardens just outside them till the the 1870s and it wasn't till the mid 1930s that modern pre archaeological excavation layout existed.
@@user-uy6uc5ey5q Well... quite, quite. Long live the republic.
This is a fabulous example of how incredibly knowledgable and dedicated people can go back in time, literally, and provide us with proof that what history has told us happened, did happen. Not only did they have to scientifically prove that they had discovered what they thought they had discovered, but they then had to delve into DNA evidence, track down descendants, and finally arrive at a conclusion that modern day descendants are here to prove that history does not lie.
Phenomenal talk many thanks!!
I am going to be very pedantic, but the modern day photo of Fotheringhay Castle, is not of the castle. In fact, no ruins remain. All that is there is the mound that was once the keep. All the masonry has gone. I have visited many, many times as a child. Other than that, a very interesting presentation
How can you have a 'modern day photo' of a castle if the castle isn't there? Photos can only be made from things that are in front of them.
@@hellfirepictures Yes, which is why the photo attributed to Fotheringhay is of a different castle. I know Fotheringhay very well, and played there as a kid. There is nothing left of it. Not one piece of masonry. Nothing.
They were not taking prisoners were they. They wanted this man dead and buried there and then.
Just imagine. I sat in a car that was owned by a girl, who sat in a car that was owned by another girl who parked her car on the King of England. It's really a small world after all, isn't it?
Great vid, really interesting stuff.
Whenever I went out in a night in Leicester back in the 90's I used to sleep in the Jury wall so it has a lot of historical significance to me:)
The late John Ashdown-Hill deserves a lot more credit.
It was indeed fascinating. Thank you to all the scholars and the presenter
Fantastic lecture
I would love to have this science find the answers of who those two little boys were that were found in the stairwell. I know Her Majesty has not given consent, so there's one obstacle. Still, it would be nice for them to have their identity back after all these years...
Agreed.
This was super cool to watch. Thank you!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Thank you so much to Gresham College for posting this 💛💛
Fascinating lecture. A triumph of archeological insight and forensic science. And a lot of luck of course! People who have difficulty understanding the lecturer should put on the captions - but anyone from the UK will have no trouble I think, I certainly didn't (apart from "I'm an engineer" right at the start, which I couldn't make out for some reason - when I looked at at the captions I thought "oh of course". Maybe I just didn't expect it because she looked so much like a professor!)
Very Interesting and you explained things just so clearly .
Thank u . Amazing Work !
A coaching inn had more space than a castle? Really?
Ikr?
This was a fantastic presentation!
Well done
Am I missing something obvious? Richard's father and mother and brother Edmund are buried in Fotheringay church, brother Edward and sister Anne are in St Georges chapel, Windsor Castle, sister Elizabeth in Wingfield Church and brother George in Tewkesbury abbey. Don't know about sister Margaret. That's an awful lot of possible DNA to do a direct comparison without trying to trace through all those generations.
The route they took was much more ethical and elegant. Can you imagine what it will take to get permission for remains to be exhumed? And what for, if you could get a swab from a living relative?
Churches are notorious for not allowing exhumation. For royals, you need the permission of the ruling Monarch, and she has, so far, always refused.
I'm still trying to wrap my head about why he ended up in the car park...
Technical note for Gresham College: Don’t let the presenters wear necklaces that lie directly on the microphone while recording these presentations🤷. Other than that technical issue, brilliant presentation. Thank you.
Fascinating!!
Fantastic!
Questioner: It’s Philippa LANGLEY, not Gregory, who
Is an author who has corrupted Tudor history with her novels.
😂😂😂
Wonderful presentation.
What a sweet, lovely lady. And a great lecture. Thank you :)
Fotheringay castle wasn't Mary queen of scots executed there
I'm one of those skeptical of the things that Shakespeare concocted of the different characters whom he was tasked with making one person or another a villain or a hero. I had an amazing teacher in High School, he taught things where he would sort of demand for us to look at history with a critical thinking sort of thinking. I remember him asked students to go to the library and look through different sources for a certain king or a certain war or what have you. Looking at each of them, how did they compare. Where were they saying something that didn't seem right. That kind of thing.
The bravest and most fascinating of English monarchs. I am not British, just a lover of history.
Nevermind common archaeological practice. That applies to remains of unknown identity. Hardly the case here. This reburial should have been in York Minster. Otherwise an interesting lecture.
Could somebody please tell me what CSI stands for . Crime Scene I??? Thanks .
Crime Scene Investigation.
Palestra sensacional, parabéns muito bem explicada, que história fascinante a de Ricardo III.
Kudos, Doctor Hainesworth!
Brilliant 👏👏
My poor great uncle was innocent 💔
I liked this! Internet is wonderful used in the right way---.
A very interesting lecture.
The shallow injuries might be due to the surface of the inside of his helmet being driven into his skull before his helmet was removed.
No - as clearly explained, the striations on different areas of the skull match, meaning they were made by a single, bladed weapon. A crushed helmet would provide different markings at each region of the skull it impacted.
Why not, conduct a csi into what became of those 2 boys, brothers, Richard’s nephews he put in the tower (for their own protection) he claimed. Who were never heard from again?
I like the use of her hands while speaking, I use my hands in a similar manner to assist with memory
So informative, amazing, and fascinating. 😊😊 No other country in the world would be able to do this!
Excellent! England would have been a far better place if this true king had not been usurped by a low-class upstart who in turn fathered the most horrendous freak of English royalty: Henry XIII
Your over blown blustering has caused you to make a big mistake here.
@@manchestertart5614 Do tell us what you mean please. I'm a RIII freak and can't see a big mistake. 'Overblown bluster' is a bit rude.....
He meant Henry VIII
Agreed.
This is highly interesting
Genealogy, dear, not "ology", but "alogy". Still, you couldn't be expected to know stuff outside your specialist area, and you are not the only one to commit this ubiquitous solecism. Many a self-appointed expert and hugely qualified, enviably learned university graduate has done exactly that during very serious academic lectures, so don't feel bad about it.
He never died, he transformed.
Very interesting and detailed presentation but her clear nervousness and saying 'um'' every tenth word was incredibly distracting.
Though she is an academic, the bulk of her career has been as a researcher, not a public speaker. There is such a thing leaning to listen to content and ignore verbal tics.
They saw the skeleton and as they were uncovering it near where the skull would be, decided to use metal implements instead of brushes or any of the many tools available to an archeologist. Cracked skull is not surprising.
Is there a version without all of the "emm"s?
No, there isn't- too bad, so sad.
She is an academic and a scientist, which does not automatically make her an orator. You have to listen and overlook the "ums"...
Sabrina you must be related to elizabeth 1st huh!
All of the lilly-livered cowardly royals must fight on the battlefield
Is putting "CSI" in the lecture title a clumsy attempt to popularise learning which demeans lecture, lecturer and audience? Asking for a friend.
why would popularizing learning demean the lecture?
Are they not investigating the scene of a crime?
I can't listen to someone who says "um" as often as she does".
This was largely a PR scam I think. The evidence for the skeleton being Richard rather than one of many many other people it could be is pretty thin. But it's done wonders for the profiles of various people and places.
You know they wrote and published a reasonably large number of scientific papers which were submitted for peer review and there was independent blind testing on the DNA right? The University of Leicester is a very reputable organisation and it not like the weren't completely open and honest about the whole process, including bringing in many organisations which had no possible motive to helping the University or the city of Leicester carry out a 'PR scam' which included the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) and the
University of Oxford's Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit.
Honestly this putting everything you don't understand into an ignorant "its a conspiracy" rant is just boneheaded.
@@user-uy6uc5ey5q All that was proved is that the skeleton was from around the same period and was either Richard or someone who may have been related to Richard. Obviously everyone would like it to be Richard. I don't doubt any of the scientific findings - but the huge razzmatazz about them and the misleading certainty ascribed to them is indicative of a PR scam.
@@harrynewiss4630 Admit you didn't even bother to look at the lecture did you. Your comment is laughable - take your trolling elsewhere
@@user-uy6uc5ey5qThe DNA evidence isn't conclusive. As has been pointed out by genuine experts 'the DNA match from the Leicester skeleton could equally be the result of the bones being those of someone descended in the female line from Richard’s mother, Cecily Neville, including her two daughters. It could also be those traceable from the other daughters of Cecily’s mother, Joan Beaufort, any daughters of her grandmother Katherine Swynford, and so on. Joan Beaufort had 16 children, which made her the ancestor of much of the nobility of the Wars of the Roses - quite a few of whom died violently in those conflicts'.
There is a lot of reliance on the circumstantial evidence - the scoliosis, hair and eye colour, location of the grave etc. All of which points in the right direction but none of which is conclusive.
@@harrynewiss4630 And how many of those people were mutilated and dumped beneath the choir of Greyfriars Church in Leicester?