Unraveling the Internet A Deep Dive, How its work ,Uses of it ,Advantages& Disadvantages of Internet

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What is the Internet?
Internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across the world with each other and
to the World Wide Web. It uses standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to connect billions of
computer users worldwide. It is set up by using cables such as optical fibers and other wireless and
networking technologies. At present, internet is the fastest mean of sending or exchanging
information and data between computers across the world.
It is believed that the internet was developed by "Defense Advanced Projects Agency" (DARPA)
department of the United States. And, it was first connected in 1969.
Why is the Internet Called a Network?
Internet is called a network as it creates a network by connecting computers and servers across the
world using routers, switches and telephone lines, and other communication devices and channels.
So, it can be considered a global network of physical cables such as copper telephone wires, fiber
optic cables, tv cables, etc. Furthermore, even wireless connections like 3G, 4G, or Wi-Fi make use of
these cables to access the Internet.
Internet is different from the World Wide Web as the World Wide Web is a network of computers and
servers created by connecting them through the internet. So, the internet is the backbone of the web
as it provides the technical infrastructure to establish the WWW and acts as a medium to transmit
information from one computer to another computer. It uses web browsers to display the
information on the client, which it fetches from web servers.
The internet is not owned by a single person or organization entirely. It is a concept based on
physical infrastructure that connects networks with other networks to create a global network of
billions of computers. As of 12 August 2016, there were more than 300 crores of internet users across
the world.
Set Up
Physical copper or optical fiber data transmission cables, as well as other networking technologies
like LAN, WAN, and MAN, are used to set up the internet. Even the 2g, 3g, and 4g services, as well as
Wi-Fi, need this physical cable arrangement in order to access the Internet connection. The Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a US-based organization, is in charge of
overseeing the management of the Internet and its related protocols, including IP addresses.
How does internet work?
Before understanding this let us understand some basics related to internet:
The internet works with the help of clients and servers. A device such as a laptop, which is connected
to the internet is called a client, not a server as it is not directly connected to the internet. However, it
is indirectly connected to the internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and is identified by
an IP address, which is a string of numbers. Just like you have an address for your home that uniquely
identifies your home, an IP address acts as the shipping address of your device. The IP address is
provided by your ISP, and you can see what IP address your ISP has given to your system.
A server is a large computer that stores websites. It also has an IP address. A place where a large
number of servers are stored is called a data center. The server accepts requests send by the client
through a browser over a network (internet) and responds accordingly.
To access the internet we need a domain name, which represents an IP address number, i.e., each IP
address has been assigned a domain name. For example, youtube.com, facebook.com, paypal.com
are used to represent the IP addresses. Domain names are created as it is difficult for a person to
remember a long string of numbers. However, internet does not understand the domain name, it
understands the IP address, so when you enter the domain name in the browser search bar, the
internet has to get the IP addresses of this domain name from a huge phone book, which is known as
DNS (Domain Name Server).
For example, if you have a person's name, you can find his phone number in a phone book by
searching his name. The internet uses the DNS server in the same way to find the IP address of the
domain name. DNS servers are managed by ISPs or similar organizations.
Now after understanding the basics, let us see how internet works?
When you turn on your computer and type a domain name in the browser search bar, your browser
sends a request to the DNS server to get the corresponding IP address. After getting the IP address,
the browser forwards the request to the respective server.
Once the server gets the request to provide information about a particular website, the data starts
flowing. The data is transferred through the optical fiber cables in digital format or in the form of
light pulses. As the servers are placed at distant places, the data may have to travel thousands of
miles through optical fiber cable to reach your computer.