傑·文化-深圳客家古村落:觀瀾版畫村上篇Kit.Culture -Hakka Ancient Villages in Shenzhen:Guanlan Printmaking Village Pt 1

觀瀾版畫村的前身名叫大水田村，曾是中國深圳市十大客家古村落之一，位於龍華區觀瀾街道牛湖社區。大水田村包括大樹田（也稱大水田老村）和新圍場（也稱龍門圍、大水田新村）兩處客家聚落，建村至今已有三百多年。村落依山傍水而建，建築採取客家傳統的排屋形制，古屋、宗祠、水塘、古井、碉樓均古色古香，融合客家及嶺南民居特色，構建成獨特的客家民居群落風情。
本片拍攝的村落為陳氏村民聚居的新圍場村，舊稱龍門圍。
早於清代，凌、陳、李、謝、張、林諸姓族人陸續落籍於此。凌氏建村時，村前有一大片水田，田旁有樹，因此叫大樹田，後更名為大水田，屬今整個大水田村中的老村。後續遷來的陳氏在旁邊建新圍場。此後凌姓和陳姓發展為村中兩個大姓。
清初凌氏族人從河北關縣（今石家莊欒城區）遷至廣東開平。清順治年間，凌仕錦攜家眷遷到此地，成為大樹田凌氏的開基祖。大樹田凌氏宗祠建於清代，距今有近三百年歷史。
凌氏家祠前方是新圍場的陳氏宗祠。陳氏宗祠雖然建得比凌氏宗祠晚，但規模較大，共有三進，且形制較為特殊，前面兩進跟兩側民居連為一體，三進為單開間寢堂。陳氏宗祠所在的新圍場舊稱龍門圍，龍門圍始建於清乾隆、嘉慶年間，有“龍門世居”之稱，今“龍門世居”老圍門仍存。
陳氏宗祠始建於1926年，整座祠堂雕梁畫棟，富麗堂皇。正門門牆上灰塑紅梅瑞鳥，屋脊為博古脊，一進和三進正脊兩端灰塑夔龍紋，二進為龍船脊，既古樸又精緻。另外，宗祠大門向右內傾，是各處祖祠所未見。
由於深圳城發展，過去三十多年來客家村落人口銳減，村屋掉空破落，市政府便安排保育計劃將村落發展成為觀瀾版畫村。整個發展計劃面積達140萬平方米，其中中心區面積31.6萬平方米。版畫村和客家古村落融合，將客家文化主題目融合到現代景觀元素中。建立相對完善的市場化運作機制，是一個配套設施完善、環境優美、具有良好社會、經濟效益的國家級文化產業示範基地。它把現代版畫工坊與客家古村落結合起來，形成了別具特色的文化元素，也給藝術家的創作提供了思想的源泉。
來源: 百度百科
Guanlan Printmaking Village, formerly known as Dashuitian Village, was once one of the top ten ancient Hakka villages in Shenzhen, China. It is located in Niuhu Community, Guanlan Street, Longhua District. Dashuitian Village includes two Hakka settlements, Dashutian (also known as Dashuitian Old Village) and Xinweichang (also known as Longmenwei and Dashuitian New Village). The village has been established for more than 300 years. The village is built close to the mountains and rivers. The buildings adopt the traditional Hakka row house shape. The ancient houses, ancestral halls, ponds, ancient wells and watchtowers are all antique. They integrate the characteristics of Hakka and Lingnan folk houses, forming a unique Hakka residential community style.
This film was filmed at the Xinweichang Village, formerly known as Longmenwei, where Chen's villagers live together.
As early as the Qing Dynasty, people with the surnames of Ling, Chen, Li, Xie, Zhang and Lin settled here one after another. When the Ling family built the village, there was a large paddy field in front of the village with trees beside it, so it was called Dashutian. Later it was renamed Dashuitian. It is an old village in the entire Dashuitian village today. The Chen family who later moved in built a new paddock next to it. Since then, the surnames Ling and Chen have developed into the two most popular surnames in the village.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the Ling clan moved from Guan County, Hebei Province (today's Luancheng District, Shijiazhuang) to Kaiping, Guangdong Province. During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Ling Shijin moved here with his family and became the founder of the Ling family in Dashutian. Dashutian Ling's Ancestral Hall was built in the Qing Dynasty and has a history of nearly 300 years.
In front of the Ling Clan Ancestral Hall is the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall in Xinweichang. Although the Chen's Ancestral Hall was built later than the Ling's Ancestral Hall, it is larger in scale, with three entrances in total, and a rather special shape. The two front entrances are connected to the residences on both sides, and the third entrance is a single-bay dormitory. The new enclosure where Chen's Ancestral Hall is located was formerly known as Longmenwei. Longmenwei was built in the Qianlong and Jiaqing years of the Qing Dynasty and was known as "Longmen Shiju". The old gate of "Longmen Shiju" still exists today.
The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall was built in 1926. The entire ancestral hall is magnificent with carved beams and painted pillars. On the wall of the main entrance, there is a gray plastic red plum and auspicious bird. The roof ridge is Bogu ridge. The two ends of the first and third main ridges are gray plastic with Kui dragon patterns. The second entrance is a dragon boat ridge. It is both simple and exquisite. In addition, the gate of the ancestral hall tilts inwards to the right, which is unprecedented in other ancestral halls.
Due to Shenzhen's urban development, the population of Hakka villages has dropped sharply over the past thirty years, and the village houses have become empty and dilapidated. The city government has arranged a conservation plan to develop the village into Guanlan Printmaking Village. The entire development plan covers an area of ​​1.4 million square meters, of which the central area covers an area of ​​316,000 square meters. The printmaking village is integrated with the ancient Hakka village, integrating Hakka cultural themes into modern landscape elements. It has established a relatively complete market-oriented operation mechanism and is a national-level cultural industry demonstration base with complete supporting facilities, beautiful environment, and good social and economic benefits. It combines modern printmaking workshops with ancient Hakka villages, forming unique cultural elements and providing a source of ideas for artists' creations.
Source: Baidu Encyclopedia

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