Functional groups organic chemistry | Introduction | Tamil

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within organic molecules that determine their chemical properties and reactivity. They play a crucial role in organic chemistry. Here are some common functional groups:
1. Hydroxyl (-OH): Found in alcohols, this functional group is polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding.
2. Carbonyl (C=O): Found in compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl group is involved in various reactions like oxidation and reduction.
3. Carboxyl (-COOH): Found in carboxylic acids, this functional group is acidic and can donate a proton.
4. Amino (-NH2): Found in amines and amino acids, this functional group is basic and can accept a proton.
5. Aldehyde (-CHO): This functional group is found in aldehydes. It is highly reactive and can undergo reduction to form alcohols.
6. Ketone (-C=O): Found in ketones, this functional group is less reactive compared to aldehydes but participates in various reactions.
7. Ester (-COO-): This functional group is found in esters and is formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
8. Amide (-CONH2): Found in amides, this functional group is formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.
9. Ether (-O-): This functional group is found in ethers and is characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.
10. Halide (-X): Halides such as chloride (Cl), bromide (Br), and iodide (I) are functional groups that are highly reactive and easily undergo substitution reactions.
These are just a few examples of functional groups, and there are many more with unique characteristics and reactivities. Understanding functional groups is key to predicting the behavior and reactivity of organic molecules.
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