This kind of material needs to be taught in a very understanding and comprehensive way. Many college professors, like mine, fail to get the concepts across or go to fast to teach to the masses. You sir, have made it very simple. Thank you!
4:28 I'm pretty sure the quarks are not kept together by the weak force. They are kept together by the strong force, the weak is responsible for radioactive decay
Only 4 years late to the party . . . . but yeah, for the quarks being bound together we should be looking at the gluons, the carriers of the strong force, rather than the weak force.
Damn, Lego's quite versatile. Very straightforward and practical explanation, while being both simple and adequately detailed. Thanks for explaining what my physics teacher couldn't reasonably.
Quarks are bound together by the strong interaction only. Quarks are constantly changing color by exchanging glouns. You can imagine the bond as a flux tube. The potential energy between quarks grows the more you try to pull them apart, forming another quark pair once the flux tube breaks. Weak interactions are a million times weaker than the strong interaction and are not responsible for the binding of quarks.
OMG This Video is Soo helpful for edexcel IAL A2 physics Thank you so much .. i have tried so many videos ... This video covered the basic concept so clearly and also covered the concept effectively..
6 years have passed you uploaded this video on atomic sub-particles but till today I find it the best(simplified) video on the topic. very well done sir...
I think generations are set for more than one reason . First , the historical line of discovering these quarks matters.Also, the 2 quarks of the same generation are more likely to be transferred from one to the other via weak interaction. While transferring a quark from one generation to a quark of another generation has a really small probability
I learnt that the Pi Meson was what held the nucleons together, and the gluons only held the quarks inside them together. Is this wrong? I know for a fact that the weak force doesn't hold them together though, the strong force (exchange particles above) does. The weak force is responsible for fundamental decays such as beta +/- and quark changes. The video is definitely great otherwise. Very visual and organised.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons. Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
For AQA, what do we need to memorise? I know we are given stuff in the formula booklet but some questions require knowledge of like what quarks make up each particle… is there a checklist or something of particle physics that we should memorise?
Could you please do a video on projectile motion, the kinematic/suvat equations. Also a video on uncertainties, percentage uncertainties and percentage differences. Im struggling with these few topics Thanks :)
+Zeeshan Khan I have a playlist with all sorts opf videos to do with uncertainty, percentage difference etc. Have a look here: th-cam.com/play/PLlDtVvefFYT-LUGAGJ1aL-mwE4ngGhN7M.html
Also sir, I really want to have access to the long past paper exam questions that you have mentioned earlier (another video), but unfortunately I am struggling to find them in alevelphysicsonline.com I would be very grateful if you can guide me through this sir.
Yeah I see . But he says that the weak mediators (the W and Z bosons ) are responsible for gluing the quarks in the hadrons (such as protons and neutrons), while the gluons that actually do that via strong interaction .
+MrBlue That's where it starts to get even crazier as electrons (and all leptons), all quarks as well as composite particles like protons can also be considered fermions. But this then introduces plenty of new concepts like spin and the Pauli exclusion principle. As a starter have a look at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion
Okay, I'll take a look at that link now Thank you :) Is there at all a possibility of filming a pt2 to this video which explains the concepts of Fermions, Spin, PEP etc within the context of standard model? Almost like explaining the Quantum mechanics of the standard model? Thanks for reading :)
+Jonathan Power Often the third generation are not covered at all at AS or the full A Level but I think it's useful for you to know where we currently are in our understanding of particle physics. And there might be a weird question where they throw in some tau particles so at least you'll be familiar with their name.
Correct me if I'm wrong. Antiparticles have opposite charges. So why is that neutrinos which doesn't have charge has a corresponding Antiparticle. Is there any antibosons? If not why?
+MrGamingvideos123 I don't know! There may be other properties (like spin etc) that are opposite. I don't think there are anti bosons. Great question though.
Ang badang I doubt you would do spins at A-level exams as it opens up a whole new part of particle physics such as: Integer spins, fractional spins the Pauli exclusion principle and various others.
Anybody else feel a sudden urge to buy copious quantities of lego to make a hyper-detailed physical model of a randomly chosen element? Or is that just me?
hi, i'm considering taking A-level physics as i'm really interested in it but I don't think my maths is good enough for it. i'm hoping for a B in maths at gcse and an A/A* in physics. i'm not sure if I have what it takes. I would really appreciate if you could get back to me :)
+georgiaamay x Do it. If you have an A/A* in physics that will set you up well for A Level and the mathematical requirements of the course do not need the level of maths you need for a maths A Level. If you work hard then you can do well at A Level Physics.
There is a fundamental logical flaw with the standard model of particle physics and it's quite simple. If a proton is "made up" of 3 quarks bound together, why are the 3 quarks seen as a separate thing to a proton? What physical properties does 3 quarks bound together have that's different to what physics calls a proton? Aren't they the same thing? Physics is playing a semantic game of labelling the same thing different names in an attempt to find the ultimate constituents of the universe.
Probably because the proton was discovered before quarks and the term proton is much more useful in chemistry than saying "Carbon-12 has 6 lots of 2 up and 1 down quarks and 6 lots of 2 down quarks and 1 up". Think of it like the 5 kingdom classification in biology where large groups of animals are labelled a single thing, but the animals within that label have varying properties and their own labels to classify them etc.
You are right, they are the same thing, a proton is 3 quarks, they are one and the same, proton is simply the name we use to describe a group of 3 quarks arranged as they are in a proton (UUD). You may as well complain that an atom is simply a collection of protons, neutrons and electrons, so why the need for 'atom' ?
How can Mesons exist? why don't Mesons annihilate, surely the anti-matter and matter would cause the destruction of their mass as they come into contact with each other.
How can you make such a great and informative video and then make a big mistake on the weak force?! You should have double checked your video. Weak force is responsible for decay (e.g. muon -> electron).
This kind of material needs to be taught in a very understanding and comprehensive way. Many college professors, like mine, fail to get the concepts across or go to fast to teach to the masses. You sir, have made it very simple. Thank you!
4:28 I'm pretty sure the quarks are not kept together by the weak force. They are kept together by the strong force, the weak is responsible for radioactive decay
ProShiv Comedy Correct
Only 4 years late to the party . . . . but yeah, for the quarks being bound together we should be looking at the gluons, the carriers of the strong force, rather than the weak force.
Damn, Lego's quite versatile. Very straightforward and practical explanation, while being both simple and adequately detailed. Thanks for explaining what my physics teacher couldn't reasonably.
I can’t believe that this information was just a google away. My entire perception of everything has changed - mind blown!
love the neat representation done by the legos! it's soo much more organised now, thanks!
Quarks are bound together by the strong interaction only. Quarks are constantly changing color by exchanging glouns. You can imagine the bond as a flux tube. The potential energy between quarks grows the more you try to pull them apart, forming another quark pair once the flux tube breaks.
Weak interactions are a million times weaker than the strong interaction and are not responsible for the binding of quarks.
Full complete standard model and thank you very much man.
OMG This Video is Soo helpful for edexcel IAL A2 physics
Thank you so much .. i have tried so many videos ... This video covered the basic concept so clearly and also covered the concept effectively..
Ikr this is the best one here in yt
thanks for describing it so clearly and it helped me a lot to start studying the standard model! ❤️
Thank you so much for making make it so easier (I literally went into depression after going through the textbook)
VERY GOOD EXPLANATION,I love it phisical,leptons, fermions AND bosons,excelente,greetings from México.
6 years have passed you uploaded this video on atomic sub-particles but till today I find it the best(simplified) video on the topic.
very well done sir...
Wow, thanks
Thank you so much for condensing this and making it easier to understand! :)
Very good explanation. Subscribed!
Are you telling me that elementary particles are like legos of the universe?
Exactly!
Thank you for your great lesson. With a visual interpretation it made it far easier to understand elementary particles. 👏
Oh my God I love you A physics level online!
I think generations are set for more than one reason . First , the historical line of discovering these quarks matters.Also, the 2 quarks of the same generation are more likely to be transferred from one to the other via weak interaction. While transferring a quark from one generation to a quark of another generation has a really small probability
This video is beautiful💖
This is so awesome!!!!!!
Thanks for the lesson
Best on the web love from #india
I learnt that the Pi Meson was what held the nucleons together, and the gluons only held the quarks inside them together. Is this wrong?
I know for a fact that the weak force doesn't hold them together though, the strong force (exchange particles above) does.
The weak force is responsible for fundamental decays such as beta +/- and quark changes.
The video is definitely great otherwise. Very visual and organised.
Thank you, sir.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons.
Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
Iv done my quarks in physics, got a test for it in 2 days time, yay.
For AQA, what do we need to memorise? I know we are given stuff in the formula booklet but some questions require knowledge of like what quarks make up each particle… is there a checklist or something of particle physics that we should memorise?
Really great explanation thank you! 😊
Could you please do a video on projectile motion, the kinematic/suvat equations.
Also a video on uncertainties, percentage uncertainties and percentage differences.
Im struggling with these few topics
Thanks :)
+Zeeshan Khan I have a playlist with all sorts opf videos to do with uncertainty, percentage difference etc. Have a look here: th-cam.com/play/PLlDtVvefFYT-LUGAGJ1aL-mwE4ngGhN7M.html
I zoned out for about three seconds and then I was lost completely.
don't zone out then
and what are the properties of the other quarks ?
could there be lighter particles than gen.1 particles, simply because it scales up so much it could also scale down a lot as well. Although ....?
Do A-Level students taking the OCR exam need to know how subatomic particles, like the muons and taus, were discovered?
I don't think you do, no.
Also sir, I really want to have access to the long past paper exam questions that you have mentioned earlier (another video), but unfortunately I am struggling to find them in alevelphysicsonline.com
I would be very grateful if you can guide me through this sir.
In
Thank you so much!!
Thank youuuuu!!!!!!!! This is so helpful :D
Wait a minute!!
Aren't the Gluons connect the quarks ? Not the weak mediators
Its right below the Photon
Yeah I see . But he says that the weak mediators (the W and Z bosons ) are responsible for gluing the quarks in the hadrons (such as protons and neutrons), while the gluons that actually do that via strong interaction .
Zainab M Yes, the quarks are held together by the strong force (glouns).
Yep, he's made a mistake in the video, quarks are bound together through the strong force (gluons).
Hi Lewis, Really interesting video :) Thank you! I do have one question though; Where do fermions fit into all of this?
+MrBlue That's where it starts to get even crazier as electrons (and all leptons), all quarks as well as composite particles like protons can also be considered fermions. But this then introduces plenty of new concepts like spin and the Pauli exclusion principle. As a starter have a look at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion
Okay, I'll take a look at that link now Thank you :) Is there at all a possibility of filming a pt2 to this video which explains the concepts of Fermions, Spin, PEP etc within the context of standard model? Almost like explaining the Quantum mechanics of the standard model?
Thanks for reading :)
What pen is that? It’s a nice pen.
Is there a symbol for Lepton?
Mr. Infinite the individual leptons have symbols, not the lepton as a group.
very nice video
What about the standard model lagrange
We haven't covered the Third generation in As-Level physics, is it A-Level or not covered in the new course?
+Jonathan Power Often the third generation are not covered at all at AS or the full A Level but I think it's useful for you to know where we currently are in our understanding of particle physics. And there might be a weird question where they throw in some tau particles so at least you'll be familiar with their name.
+A Level Physics Online Members Thanks for the heads up! Good reply time too.
What about gravitons?
Joshua Mitchell gravitons are theoretical and have not yet been observed.
Does energy become matter?
Correct me if I'm wrong. Antiparticles have opposite charges. So why is that neutrinos which doesn't have charge has a corresponding Antiparticle. Is there any antibosons? If not why?
+MrGamingvideos123 I don't know! There may be other properties (like spin etc) that are opposite. I don't think there are anti bosons. Great question though.
Ang badang I doubt you would do spins at A-level exams as it opens up a whole new part of particle physics such as: Integer spins, fractional spins the Pauli exclusion principle and various others.
Anybody else feel a sudden urge to buy copious quantities of lego to make a hyper-detailed physical model of a randomly chosen element?
Or is that just me?
just you
@@tearman005 👍✌
hi, i'm considering taking A-level physics as i'm really interested in it but I don't think my maths is good enough for it. i'm hoping for a B in maths at gcse and an A/A* in physics. i'm not sure if I have what it takes. I would really appreciate if you could get back to me :)
+georgiaamay x Do it. If you have an A/A* in physics that will set you up well for A Level and the mathematical requirements of the course do not need the level of maths you need for a maths A Level. If you work hard then you can do well at A Level Physics.
+A Level Physics Online thank you for getting back to me so quickly :)
Haha I just had your advert before your video
Is it in the high school syllabus ??
It is for some but not all - I think it's useful to know though.
There is a fundamental logical flaw with the standard model of particle physics and it's quite simple.
If a proton is "made up" of 3 quarks bound together, why are the 3 quarks seen as a separate thing to a proton? What physical properties does 3 quarks bound together have that's different to what physics calls a proton? Aren't they the same thing? Physics is playing a semantic game of labelling the same thing different names in an attempt to find the ultimate constituents of the universe.
Probably because the proton was discovered before quarks and the term proton is much more useful in chemistry than saying "Carbon-12 has 6 lots of 2 up and 1 down quarks and 6 lots of 2 down quarks and 1 up". Think of it like the 5 kingdom classification in biology where large groups of animals are labelled a single thing, but the animals within that label have varying properties and their own labels to classify them etc.
You are right, they are the same thing, a proton is 3 quarks, they are one and the same, proton is simply the name we use to describe a group of 3 quarks arranged as they are in a proton (UUD). You may as well complain that an atom is simply a collection of protons, neutrons and electrons, so why the need for 'atom' ?
What about gravatons?
Jack Dalton gravitons are just a theoretical particle at the moment
What about anti neutrinos ?
they're antimatter, so they'd be in the "anti-model" of particle physics
They exist . . . they are the Electron-anti-neutrino, the Muon-anti-neutrino and the Tau-anti-neutrino.
How can Mesons exist? why don't Mesons annihilate, surely the anti-matter and matter would cause the destruction of their mass as they come into contact with each other.
Annihilation happens when a particle and antiparticle interact not quark and antiquark
Fml physics tmrw is going to be a disaster I already know
How can you make such a great and informative video and then make a big mistake on the weak force?! You should have double checked your video.
Weak force is responsible for decay (e.g. muon -> electron).
Yep, and it's the strong force (gluons) holding the quarks together . . . and I agree it's odd to see such a mistake in an otherwise great video.
But what the h*ll made those particals XD check the holographic universe 5part series 😂😂👍🏼
Sell merch!!!!