How to Measure Mutual Fund Risk | Alpha, Beta, SD, Sharpe, R-squared, Sortino | Learn with ETMONEY

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 165

  • @dadasahebbende
    @dadasahebbende 3 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    Every week I am waiting for such insightful videos on different topics. Is there anyone else here?

    • @1Bond007
      @1Bond007 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Bendeji stop searching for likes.. ppl come , watch video and go

  • @aditya.ishan27
    @aditya.ishan27 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    A very good way to approach this. Much more of a probabilistic and statistical approach which anyone can appreciate who wants to know the nitty gritty of things.

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you

  • @rishabhdubey374
    @rishabhdubey374 3 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I was waiting for this video. I did my research in the meantime but really wanted you guys to do a video on these performance indicators of a mutual fund. Needless to say, excellent video and very nice explanations. Thank you so much!

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks!

  • @shankarprasad5767
    @shankarprasad5767 3 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    Shankar Nath's no nonsense demeanor is time-saving and to the point. Love it!

  • @mukulkukreti
    @mukulkukreti 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This channel is so underrated. Cheers to you mate for sharing knowledge and insights.

  • @paulrash4058
    @paulrash4058 3 ปีที่แล้ว +35

    Warren buffet once said "if you don't find a way to make money while you sleep,you will work until you die"

    • @joaoeduardo8554
      @joaoeduardo8554 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Wise spending is part of wise investment..
      And it's never too late to start

    • @fedrickbenny623
      @fedrickbenny623 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      The person who start simply with the idea of getting rich will succeed also you must have a larger ambition,every once in a while, the market does something so stupid it takes your breath away

    • @andykarry2859
      @andykarry2859 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Expert Edwin is obviously the best I invested $3500 and she made me a profit of $9500 for me within 15days

    • @guanglihongqi6657
      @guanglihongqi6657 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I got skeptical because I was cheated before but after giving him a try it was of no regret and my happiest moments

    • @racheljoywelcher6506
      @racheljoywelcher6506 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      He’s not like other brokers that will start saying to you that your trade didn’t go well after collecting your money

  • @photogdoc
    @photogdoc 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Direct funds and free learning sessions - ET Money 🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻

  • @HudMan4U
    @HudMan4U 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Ive learned a lot from your videos over the past week, I love how you cut to the chase. Thank you for the quality videos!

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks

  • @AshokYadav-bv6oc
    @AshokYadav-bv6oc 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Very useful and informative video which has explained the complex parameters in a simple way. Thanks to ET money team.

  • @sunnybansal5904
    @sunnybansal5904 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    ET Money content is always to the point and relevant with proper analysis and explanation. Appreciation for the team which is doing an awesome job to educate layman like us.
    Your content driven me to trust the ET Money app and now I have shifted my entire portfolio and SIP on your platform.
    Keep posting such great content. And cheers to your support team too as they helped me in setting up the account.

  • @fundamentalswing
    @fundamentalswing 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    As usual , very insight full video from Finance experts. Making addicted to engineers to learn economics

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks!

  • @sandeeppai86
    @sandeeppai86 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Another very informative, to the point content from ETMoney. Cleared my doubts on mutual fund terminologies in a simplistic way. 👍🏼

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks!

  • @PallaviKiRasoi-0537
    @PallaviKiRasoi-0537 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    What a wonderful way of presenting these ratios...thanks a lot 😍❤

  • @prashuprasanna
    @prashuprasanna 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you so much Sir. I like most of your videos and i have started investing in Mutual funds via ET money. Can you please let me know if ET money provides advisory?

  • @bharani88
    @bharani88 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Have viewed several videos to understand MF ratios before arriving at this video. It’s clearly the best.

  • @sachin_2601
    @sachin_2601 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Simply wow. Very well explained in simple terms. Thank you 👌

  • @shivamgarg1
    @shivamgarg1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Interesting to learn concept of R Squared. Shankar Nath has to be best expert on Mutual Fund in India.

  • @amar23
    @amar23 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great devoted channel for making Intelligent Investors.Thanks Sir for continuous great content.

  • @rohitmondal6876
    @rohitmondal6876 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Such an educational video. Being fond of Maths, it fascinated me to the core. Great work ETMoney

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you enjoyed it!

  • @1Bond007
    @1Bond007 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks you sir . You are my Guru for many investment concepts

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      So nice of you. Thanks for your patronage

  • @Sivaramplus
    @Sivaramplus 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Could you please make a video on how ET money ranks mutual fund, or if there is already one, please let me know the details. Thanks for all the work you do in spreading financial literacy

  • @mugundhans400
    @mugundhans400 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellent video, could learn about the various ratios and their applicability in selecting a fund and final summary was amazing

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad it was helpful!

  • @comments94
    @comments94 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This has to be the best video I have came across about the measures of mutual funds

  • @KrishnanV9
    @KrishnanV9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wonderful explanation. Another brilliant video and great reference

  • @k.m.parekh4697
    @k.m.parekh4697 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellent video...i love the explanations and the definitions of the terms. Good job.

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you

  • @b1a5l9a2
    @b1a5l9a2 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Good video, it will be very helpful if you provide an excel with these risk values for various funds

  • @kmurari68
    @kmurari68 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    excellent video with complex topic made v simple

  • @nomisroscoe
    @nomisroscoe 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is a good explanation.

  • @dennissteyn8864
    @dennissteyn8864 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very nice tutorial, precise and crisp.👍👍

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks

  • @balakrishnabhandare9926
    @balakrishnabhandare9926 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Dear Sir Nice explanation.Where can get dynamic values of these ratios ? Historical we can get in most of the websites.

    • @crisronaldo9238
      @crisronaldo9238 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @ET Money - Are the value provided by you folks dynamic in nature? If yes, how frequent are they updated? Thanks!

  • @atulnagare3529
    @atulnagare3529 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Can you please create video for selecting best ETF and factors to be considered

  • @yadukrishnan7946
    @yadukrishnan7946 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Really Amazing content, I started watching this channel only a few days before, and found it to be really AMAZING. I have a question regarding the alpha and index funds. In this video, you said that alpha for an index fund will be 0 since it will follow the index. But in IndexFund video, you mentioned that there is chance that the index fund return might be more than the benchmark, thereby having a positive tracking difference. In such case, alpha must be more than 0 right? Or is it generally ignored because the difference is negligible?

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Dear Yadu Krishnan - alpha is a term denoted to explain the difference between an actively managed fund and the benchmark it is tracking. It is generally not a term that is associated with index funds versus the benchmark. So if you hear alpha then think active funds vs benchmark*. And if you hear tracking error, then its index fund versus benchmark.
      * The word alpha is also used to distinguish the performance between an active fund and an index fund also. Afterall an index fund's performance is very close to its benchmark, plus/minus 0.1/0.2%

    • @yadukrishnan7946
      @yadukrishnan7946 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@ETMONEY Thanks for the reply. Can I ask one more question? After this video, I was trying to compare the sharpe ratio of different MF. Value >1 is mentioned as good, and >2 is very good,

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@yadukrishnan7946 Yes, higher Sharpe Ratio is better than lower Sharpe Ratio. On using multiple factors to make decisions, please look out for a video we are releasing next week on how the ETMONEY Fund Report Card works. That will also help you understand what combination of factors like Sharpe ratio, standard deviation, information ratio etc. we use in developing our ranking methodology.

  • @anilshenoy5859
    @anilshenoy5859 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Can you share video on technical analysis on stocks.

  • @indradebpal9067
    @indradebpal9067 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is outstanding video lesson.

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you

  • @narayanansl6179
    @narayanansl6179 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thanks for explaining.
    But Alpha definition is wrong. It is not simply excess returns over benchmark index but will have an additional component (1 - Beta) * ( IR - RFR) where Beta is as explained , IR is benchmark index rate and RFR is Risk free rate, So you can see only in the case of Beta becoming 1 , Alpha will become simply excess returns.

  • @SKSahoo
    @SKSahoo ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice Explanation.. Thanks!

  • @HiDibakar
    @HiDibakar 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I wish Mr. Shankar was my Professor at College (which was IIT Kharagpur). I would've ended up being a much better Quant Researcher

  • @gauravbhatkar14
    @gauravbhatkar14 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Alpha,sharpe,Sortino,Tyeynor - Higher is the better
    Beta,SD - lower is the better
    R square equal to 100 ( Copy index ) - Low.R square

  • @g10draku26
    @g10draku26 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Classic explanation of concepts

  • @aashishsoneji7507
    @aashishsoneji7507 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Hi team, thanks for the video. As a feature i would like to have these performance ratios for my own portfolio as well on ET money Currently these ratios are for the funds.

  • @funnyvamsi4008
    @funnyvamsi4008 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you!

  • @rajavelr6972
    @rajavelr6972 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Informative video, Is this Value will be shown in ET money app with respect to funds??? I want to know this value for axis blue chip fund it will help me shift my fund to axis nifty 100 fund... advance thanks for answer

    • @DensonGeorge18
      @DensonGeorge18 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I have seen these values on money control. You can check that out.

  • @RishabhRishab
    @RishabhRishab ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Pls make a video where you calculate all these things on Excel for last 3 years daily returns and then tally them to values shown on website like yours and some others . Because everyone teaches same theory but practical implementation on Excel is different and values dont tally with whats shown on website. Thanks.

  • @prakashraghunathan2685
    @prakashraghunathan2685 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thankyou sir.very good video.i think I will beneffitted

  • @balakrishnashetty3992
    @balakrishnashetty3992 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Well explained. He is professional.

  • @asharafwayanad7488
    @asharafwayanad7488 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Nice information and very coherent

  • @jatinmehta8651
    @jatinmehta8651 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Even in the same category, different schemes have S&P or Nifty based benchmark & the portal analysing RR parameters use a different benchmark for the whole category. How valid are such risk reward parameters from the portals? Further, all schemes within a category have different time frames to calculate RR parameters, which make comparisons of schemes based on RR parameters in their factsheets difficult. Please advise.

  • @karthiks7811
    @karthiks7811 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    your videos are good, I would also suggest you put these in written like in your website. Some one like me would prefer to read rather than listening to a video.

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      It's already there. Please access the ETMONEY blog. All videos are transcribed there

  • @ظافرعبدالله-د6د
    @ظافرعبدالله-د6د 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Appreciate your efforts

  • @vinayaks64
    @vinayaks64 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The video is good but where to find these numbers for mutual funds any ideas??

  • @chinnujacob5968
    @chinnujacob5968 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Sir,
    Immensely helpful !

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks

  • @abhibhatta21
    @abhibhatta21 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much fo this videos. Please make videos on stock market investments for beginners

  • @phantommenace9047
    @phantommenace9047 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very informative

  • @bhaskardebnath6401
    @bhaskardebnath6401 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very impressed presentation 👍👍

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks a lot

  • @7414.
    @7414. 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    If I invest in two different tax saving fund.. will I get tax exemption for individual earning or overall earnings..?

  • @ADITYAYADAV-gx3kt
    @ADITYAYADAV-gx3kt 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great , Excellent Video.

  • @parthomukherjee76
    @parthomukherjee76 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    my question is in the standard deviation part how do you know for 68% of the time one can expect 7-13% return

  • @raviramasamy1616
    @raviramasamy1616 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I generally first like button press and watch Video next.. because such a wonderful unbiased features on equiy MF investment... Hat's off to ET money seva to investos at free

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Most welcome. Thanks for your appreciation

  • @ajneeshgoyal9564
    @ajneeshgoyal9564 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Your knowledge is osm

  • @jone7828
    @jone7828 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you very much for the valuable info, I do appreciate your effort

  • @truptishirude2627
    @truptishirude2627 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Good Afternoon sir,
    My question is from where we can know data of statistocal risk measure of different mutual fund companies ?

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi. Pls try valueresearchonline.com

  • @lalrishi
    @lalrishi 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellent video great work

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you very much!

  • @pavankumary4654
    @pavankumary4654 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Every video is a gem

  • @abhaylashkari3289
    @abhaylashkari3289 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    great explanation

  • @parvejsolkar123
    @parvejsolkar123 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Shankar sir always rock 🤟

  • @sasikumarb6756
    @sasikumarb6756 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for sharing this video, I need how to calculate the beta. Can you help me

  • @vinuabhilashputhantharayil4
    @vinuabhilashputhantharayil4 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Good presentation................Thank you

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You are most welcome

  • @ajitdubey3309
    @ajitdubey3309 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very good video हालांकि #SharpeRatio और #SortinoRatio समझना थोड़ा मुश्किल लग रहा है। examples देखने पड़ेंगे, तब शायद क्लियर हो।

  • @ranjancom2000
    @ranjancom2000 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    HSBC Managed Solutions India-Conservative having shar ratio is 3 why still MF was not performing good
    HSBC Managed Solutions India-Conservative - 1.49% 3.00
    Parag Parikh Flexi Cap Fund - 8.31% 3.51
    HDFC Flexi Cap Fund - 9.11% 2.78
    Kotak Flexicap Fund - 9.47% 2.08

  • @onemicron38
    @onemicron38 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Informative 👍

  • @ashimishra8746
    @ashimishra8746 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How he decided risk free rate as 5% ?
    And how is that Standard deviation(negative) he changed, is it just a assumed figure, is their any way to find it.

    • @narayanansl6179
      @narayanansl6179 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Risk free rate of 5 or 5,5% is the prevailing monthly/1 month tenure rate you get from prevailing debt/Gsec mkt rates. . ( Usually Risk free rate % is taken as the 10yr GSec rate but here i think bcos they take monthly avg fund retun points over last 3yrs/36months it should be 1month prevailing Govt debt yield/rate )
      Std deviation, sharpe, sortino, --all these are computed over last 3 or 5yr period from the mutual fund/scheme return data points taken monthly usually. Std dev is a math function computed using square root of variance (a measure of spread of data around mean)

  • @curiosity3435
    @curiosity3435 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you sir

  • @ShantanuNandy
    @ShantanuNandy 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Please let us know how to get these data... Greeks R2 etc values

  • @priyajitghoshal2791
    @priyajitghoshal2791 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    really informative video

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you liked it

  • @shrinathm.g.8183
    @shrinathm.g.8183 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sir, pls explain about how did u get 68% , 3 % std deviation, its not clear please

  • @ManishMandal1995
    @ManishMandal1995 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Is there a tool where we can check all these ratios for mutual funds and sort them to know the funds that have a higher/lower ratio?

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Better still, use the ETMONEY app where we have processed these ratios and more into a single score. We just released a video titled "Easiest Way to Pick the Right Mutual Funds" detailing the process. Check that out

    • @ManishMandal1995
      @ManishMandal1995 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@ETMONEY I use your app and I have uploaded my entire portfolio (CAMS statement) to track my mutual funds. However some MFs don't have a report card. In that case, individual ratios will be helpful in gauging the performance of the funds.
      Is there a workaround?

  • @22SANTHANAM
    @22SANTHANAM ปีที่แล้ว +1

    good one

  • @abhijeetjagtap880
    @abhijeetjagtap880 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best information

  • @sandeeip9531
    @sandeeip9531 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Dear i try to regester on your website but no success.. seems it only works for App.. Not sure how many would trust app without website with no customer care for million investment.. Few thousand could be OK.. Pl respond..

  • @nishantnandanmishra3007
    @nishantnandanmishra3007 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    what's the ideal standard deviation?

  • @atulade8965
    @atulade8965 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sir can you compare elss vs index fund

  • @krishnaniyer2895
    @krishnaniyer2895 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    superr ...keep it up

  • @primetiming5846
    @primetiming5846 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    LUV U THNX

  • @koyand4626
    @koyand4626 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sir . Thankyou

  • @sourabsaklecha3141
    @sourabsaklecha3141 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Isn't return of a MF projected after removing the TER? If that's the case then why should we bother if R² value is high or not as the expense is already taken care of.

    • @aashishsoneji7507
      @aashishsoneji7507 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I second this. This must br clarified else when we see the graph it the mutual fund category has performed better than the benchmark. If TER is not deducted from the nav its possible that the graph will not give
      correct visualization.

  • @ramansharma9633
    @ramansharma9633 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Good video

  • @adityakothari2350
    @adityakothari2350 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Hat's off to each one of you in ET money team for bringing out some great content each week👍

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks!

  • @narendradas9330
    @narendradas9330 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    From where I can get these figures?

    • @ETMONEY
      @ETMONEY  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Try valueresearchonline.com

  • @sonumeena6878
    @sonumeena6878 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best videos

  • @jashuagundla4054
    @jashuagundla4054 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sir ji re request please. I am how to lern. And study mutual friend s. ।riskfactors tell me sir please

  • @mysanisa
    @mysanisa 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Good one but try to give info in hindi as well.

  • @chinnasamyjaikumar7596
    @chinnasamyjaikumar7596 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    If app available in Qatar will be useful.

  • @ankurbisht1456
    @ankurbisht1456 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    PPFAS mutual fund has alpha of 13.44 and Beta of 0.72 :O

  • @MrAkhil3
    @MrAkhil3 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Where do we get the data to measure all these metrics?

  • @GetRichSteadily
    @GetRichSteadily 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    But where can we get these measures of mutual funds ??

    • @narayanansl6179
      @narayanansl6179 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

      ETMoney website itself shows for each fund in fund page but dont know for what period ( last 3 or 5 yrs)

    • @narayanansl6179
      @narayanansl6179 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Value research shows for these stats computed using last 36months taking each month avg fund return data points.

  • @theacid1
    @theacid1 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    You're calculation for alpha is a bit missleading cause it's missing the risk-adjustment with beta. You should at least mention that this is only true if the beta with the benchmark index is one.

    • @narayanansl6179
      @narayanansl6179 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

      yes, alpha is not simply excess returns over benchmark index but becomes that only when beta is 1 , Alpha precisely will be : Excess/Active returns + (1 - beta)*(IR - RR) where IR is Index Return and RR is Risk Free Return

  • @purushothamp6885
    @purushothamp6885 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I want invest 5000/- every month atleast Fiver which is the best option but I don't no what is mutual funds

    • @purushothamp6885
      @purushothamp6885 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Five years

    • @vinayak9766
      @vinayak9766 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      If you working, go for tax saver funds with 2500 each. Mirae asset tax saver and Quant tax saver

  • @1966rama
    @1966rama หลายเดือนก่อน

    If beta is 1, can we say alpha is close to zero always . Ie the fund simply tracks the index !

    • @narayanansl6179
      @narayanansl6179 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Alpha need not be zero but it will be simply excess returns over benchmark index if beta is 1. Only in case of passive index funds alpha will become or close to zero with beta close to 1.

  • @pari-techfinance
    @pari-techfinance ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Please explain in hindi

  • @pubgtricks1638
    @pubgtricks1638 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    At @7:55 how the 68% is derived

    • @vinayprasad34
      @vinayprasad34 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      it comes from normal distribution curve. this means, 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation, 95% percent within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations from the mean