Length - Tension Relationship (Video 2.6) - PhysioStasis

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 พ.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 230

  • @dukealecbryansenorin8723
    @dukealecbryansenorin8723 4 ปีที่แล้ว +44

    Thank you. Been reading this graph in guyton many times. though memorized it, I simply cannot fully understand it fully up until now. thank you so much doc

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Duke Alec Bryan Señorin Thank you!!! If any questions then ask!

    • @AkashVerma-hs2hw
      @AkashVerma-hs2hw 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Can u tell me the page number of guyton on which this topic is?!

    • @sinister2423
      @sinister2423 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@AkashVerma-hs2hw 102 in Third South asia edition.

  • @soeminwaiyan2734
    @soeminwaiyan2734 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Reading Ganong takes several hours while watching this takes about 14 minutes. It saves my study time, doc. Thz alot

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you! Hopefully I’ll have all of Physiology up soon on my website PhysioStasis.com

  • @salehaxef
    @salehaxef 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Best explain of tension I've seen until now

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you!!!

  • @t-alimichael3363
    @t-alimichael3363 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    My 6fig Phd professor is fired. Prof Roof MD sign me up, will start next semester. Not everybody can teach. Bravo👏

  • @paws4life928
    @paws4life928 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    You're amazing! Easy and to the point explanation. This is the first time I understand this topic because of the simple examples. Usually professors don't use examples which makes it hard to grasp the concept.

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Moon You’re welcome. Try my best to give real world examples.

  • @christopherwhitley9923
    @christopherwhitley9923 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Sometimes things can be difficult to conceptualize but you made it simple. The sarcomeres really helped the explanation. Thank you.

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you for this comment. Took lots of planning so I’m glad it worked.

  • @sayakotomiyoshi2311
    @sayakotomiyoshi2311 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Mind-blowing tutorial. I understood the mechanism within 14 minutes which I had been trying for over weeks... thank you!!

  • @cynthial.j.3789
    @cynthial.j.3789 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Loved the practical example in the end that actually illustrates and translates all this science to fitness. As a fitness education student, that represented a very precious point.

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad to hear. It was a last minute idea to the video. Need to get myself back to the gym lol

  • @hasnamohamediqbal4279
    @hasnamohamediqbal4279 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You have given one of the best and brief explanation for this topic by providing best examples. A heartfelt thankyou SIR

  • @stijndebuf1654
    @stijndebuf1654 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Your'e a hero! A huge thank you from a physiotherapy student from *Belgium, Europe*

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Stijn Debuf awesome thank you! Can’t wait to visit Belgium 🇧🇪 one day! Great soccer ⚽️ team

    • @stijndebuf1654
      @stijndebuf1654 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ProfRoofs Belgian people always look forward to meet new American friends :)
      I would love to visit the US one in day in the future

  • @wiwiroshini4013
    @wiwiroshini4013 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Omg no words to explain the value of this for me these days.
    Thank u so much
    U saved my marks 💯

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad hear!! All the best!

  • @AdityaThakur-st2wf
    @AdityaThakur-st2wf 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Never thought it could be so beautifully explained, helped alot!!! Thank you

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome 😊

  • @tineygerm301
    @tineygerm301 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Clearest explanation I have found so far! Thank you, this was super informative

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome ☺️

  • @sanamasroor469
    @sanamasroor469 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very informative... For brush up things... This is a very good video

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you and glad it was helpful!

  • @benwillard6751
    @benwillard6751 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So simple after you used the graphics. Haven't found a textbbok worth a damn that allows one to make sense of this concept. Glad I stumbled onto this video, excellent job and many thanks!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks! I appreciate the feedback and glad it helped out! 💪

  • @sirenz11
    @sirenz11 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    omg you’re a lifesaver 😭❤️ thx so much for this

  • @mdbadsha418
    @mdbadsha418 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    wow! very helpful! Thank you so much!
    And the sweetest part was the demonstration at 4.07, with the sock ( made me laugh )

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Lol it’s 🧦 all I had around that was elastic 😂

  • @逗比老肖恩爱健身
    @逗比老肖恩爱健身 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Explained so clear on the partially overlap scenario where I believe it's why people are looking for help, great work!!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      NuttyBeast Thank you!

  • @Alessandro37121
    @Alessandro37121 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Best explanation I found

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you 😊 🙏🏼

  • @mostafakhateeb-gw5ww
    @mostafakhateeb-gw5ww ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Really i wanna thank you for making it so clear to me......i have watched this lecture maybe to 6 teachers but i didnt understand it as i have understanded after watching your video

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome! I’m going to start working on more soon!

  • @cb9493
    @cb9493 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Best explanation ever!!!! Thank you so much! You make it east to understand and fun to remember!!!!!

  • @darrenwong50
    @darrenwong50 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very clear detailed explanation made simple. Thank you and appreciate your video!

  • @moorthia9861
    @moorthia9861 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice Explanation

  • @harshavardhang9609
    @harshavardhang9609 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thankyou very much doc.i was struggling with the concept but now i understood clearly

  • @alexlillie7185
    @alexlillie7185 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great visuals! Thank you for simplifying this topic so well!!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're welcome!

  • @citlalihuerta5825
    @citlalihuerta5825 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much, this was very helpful

  • @princess_katana
    @princess_katana 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow this was extremely helpful!! Thank you!!

  • @medicineguy
    @medicineguy 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    damn not only an amazing prof but a ripped one

  • @elizabethelson1124
    @elizabethelson1124 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank u sir for making this concept so clear🥰

  • @nitheshchilukuri3221
    @nitheshchilukuri3221 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Just blew my brains out tqs sir

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You’re welcome 😊

  • @romikarim9258
    @romikarim9258 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    better than reading guyton to watch it here ..........good job

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you! More videos on my website PhysioStasis.com

  • @mariavittoria2472
    @mariavittoria2472 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This literally saved me, thank you so much! It's so accurate!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad to be a life saver :)

  • @abhishekmiryala2997
    @abhishekmiryala2997 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for explaining this :). Very easy to understand the concept from your explanation.

  • @ishmamalam1593
    @ishmamalam1593 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is soo helpful!!

  • @crystalb12111
    @crystalb12111 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Man I love you lol 😂 I have a test coming up and never could remember this. Thank you so much for this video

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hahaha You’re welcome 🙏🏽 All the best on your test!

  • @anjalichaudhary2483
    @anjalichaudhary2483 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Beautifully explained👍

  • @40CalBilal
    @40CalBilal 6 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    this was so helpful, thank you!!

  • @dibafazlzadeh4272
    @dibafazlzadeh4272 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Why did I find this so late in my life😭 so helpful thank you doc🥲🧡

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      lol no problem!

  • @umarkhan-gi1dz
    @umarkhan-gi1dz 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much this help me so much and your accent of speaking is nice😊

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome!!!

  • @shezaarshad4600
    @shezaarshad4600 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best and simple

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you 😊

  • @naza_osuji
    @naza_osuji 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This helped alot. Got so much in little time

  • @maisoonazzam8830
    @maisoonazzam8830 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the clear explanation! I Appreciate all the efforts

  • @mariuma2506
    @mariuma2506 7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    thank you so much!! you explained very well. Can you do a video on electromyography?

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Marium A I would love to when I get a chance. Do you have any questions about it for now?

  • @talharehman9055
    @talharehman9055 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bestest explanation ❣

  • @hussain55019
    @hussain55019 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Simply love you Sir..

  • @justalearner1582
    @justalearner1582 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Tnq I am just new who is struggling with memorizing part u made me remember through concept sir

  • @nirouladilliram
    @nirouladilliram 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Really Nice video.........simple to understand......

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dilli Ram Niroula Thanks you!!

  • @HananGrow
    @HananGrow ปีที่แล้ว

    You're a genius Thank you

  • @amjadnadeem8983
    @amjadnadeem8983 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Made my day. Thanks alot🖤

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome!!

  • @lelabb4110
    @lelabb4110 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Med School Physio simplified.Thanks!

  • @xakrain
    @xakrain ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Beyond phenomenal video. Oftentimes I find myself trying to explain to fellow gymgoers some more advanced topics, such as the length tension relationship, but struggle to actually help them understand. I’ll certainly be stealing some of the metaphors and examples you use haha

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad to hear it was helpful and that this can help. All the best in the gym 💪🏽 workouts!

  • @anmoooooll_
    @anmoooooll_ 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you 🙏

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome

  • @MohammedAshraf-vo8yp
    @MohammedAshraf-vo8yp 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Man you are amazing thank you so much , you made it very simple ❤👏

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad to help! 🙌🏽

  • @ghadeerawwad9969
    @ghadeerawwad9969 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video, thank you so much for helping me understand that the teacher didn't know how to teach it

  • @saadwmc
    @saadwmc 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    explained in very much detail. thanku.

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Saad Masood you’re welcome

  • @crispinfoli9448
    @crispinfoli9448 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    great explanation!! thank you!!

  • @marouaranialeghlimi8822
    @marouaranialeghlimi8822 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    tu m'as sauvé la vie

  • @deltagaming803
    @deltagaming803 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    congratulation your lecture made me to hit subscribe button

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Awesome, thank you!!

    • @deltagaming803
      @deltagaming803 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@ProfRoofs expect this kind of videos more so we medicos can learn❤️❤️

  • @barbapapaplouf5419
    @barbapapaplouf5419 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you so much! Couldn't understand this relationship before. looking for one video on the strength-velocity relationship now!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      barbapapa plouf you’re welcome. I’ll have to eventually work on that topic.

    • @Ematuresco
      @Ematuresco 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@ProfRoofs dear Prof. Roos, I have a question which I'm researching forever. When you put your arm high up at 90° degrees ("spider curl") to generate active insufficency of the long head of the biceps in order to shift some focus on the short head of the biceps brachii - isn't this defeated by a concept called "reciprocal innervation", meaning that the long head of the triceps stretches in the position and sends a "relax" signal to the biceps brachii - so the body is confused whether to contract(due to mechanical tension during a curl and active insufficency) or relax the biceps ("reciprocal innveration"), thus we feel a cramping at the highest contraction position, but it's not what we sought out to do.
      In other words, does this exercise (90° spider curl) achieve what it is designated for ?

  • @Yousefmmohammed
    @Yousefmmohammed 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    OMG thank u
    You just made really simple as if it really was👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      fs y 🙌🏽 glad I could help!!

  • @douglasw1545
    @douglasw1545 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks roof very cool

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Douglas W sure no problem!

  • @simburyamsaada849
    @simburyamsaada849 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    your are great mr

  • @lilinickseresht1725
    @lilinickseresht1725 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    That was an awesome video. Now i can understand what Guyton says 🙏🏻💐

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Lili Nickseresht Glad I could help!!

  • @elizabethkoo106
    @elizabethkoo106 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you! 🙏

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome! 😊

  • @saifthemedico
    @saifthemedico 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Explained so good
    Thanks alot ❤️

  • @MsSonic19
    @MsSonic19 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent explanation, Superb

  • @dequationblog
    @dequationblog 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Great video. Very clear and concise. Thanks!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Emil Schuldt-Jensen You’re welcome!

  • @dradithyam7963
    @dradithyam7963 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks a lot sir

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You’re welcome!!

  • @Nehabansalvlogs
    @Nehabansalvlogs 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best explanation on this topic thanku so much sir really got all the points very well

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you and you’re welcome!

    • @Nehabansalvlogs
      @Nehabansalvlogs 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ProfRoofs plz make some more videos on biomechanics topics

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@Nehabansalvlogs Sure, when I get a moment. Any specific topic?

    • @Nehabansalvlogs
      @Nehabansalvlogs 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@ProfRoofs classification of muscle

  • @30himanshujaiswal7
    @30himanshujaiswal7 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Good explanation. Reading this from text book just confused me more. Thanks

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome

  • @Anatomy_of_aiims
    @Anatomy_of_aiims ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you sir ❤️

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You’re welcome 🙏🏽

  • @sirinedaliaziar2186
    @sirinedaliaziar2186 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so muuch

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome 🙏🏽

  • @juliamaramba5870
    @juliamaramba5870 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    awesome... thank you

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      JULIA MARAMBA you’re welcome!!

  • @chandnik8399
    @chandnik8399 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much for this!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Chandni K you’re welcome!

  • @rizwanullah9932
    @rizwanullah9932 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very conceptual lecture❤

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      rizwan ullah thanks!

  • @Toni-nw1dk
    @Toni-nw1dk 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great video! One question: Does passive tension cause hypertrophy in advanced lifters, or does sarcomeregenesis plateau and passive tension no longer cause longitudinal hypertrophy?

  • @angelu__3059
    @angelu__3059 4 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Who knew you could get these information for free, bye tuition fee lol

  • @carloskolich7773
    @carloskolich7773 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesame explanation man, could you do maybe more examples from different exercises?

  • @mounabelouadah5641
    @mounabelouadah5641 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much, you nailed it.

  • @souljh7727
    @souljh7727 7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    1000 lbs for curls 😂😂
    Great video it helped me alot . Thanks

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      soul jh You know, just an average gym day 😂

  • @강동휘-y6d
    @강동휘-y6d 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you from korean medical student

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      You’re welcome!!

  • @LaurenBurstall
    @LaurenBurstall 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is great! Thank you!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      3 years later.. sorry... lol but you're welcome!

  • @princessnada2552
    @princessnada2552 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you soo much sir for simplifying this physiological concept :) It has been a great help to me.

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Nada 25 you’re welcome! Make sure to go to my site PhysioStasis.com for more videos on this series and other physiologic concepts. If you have questions then feel free to message me through there. Happy studying! :)

  • @felipemonteiro6177
    @felipemonteiro6177 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Explanation!

  • @linaalqirem622
    @linaalqirem622 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    THANK YOU SOOOOO MUCH I FINALLY GET IT!!!!!

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Lina you’re welcome

  • @amenzulfiqar135
    @amenzulfiqar135 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really good explaination.can i have more videos on physiology

  • @Rami_fitness
    @Rami_fitness 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    dude that is amazing helped me so much thank you

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Rami Salman Thanks! You’re welcome.

  • @linakhan5592
    @linakhan5592 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank u sir , really helpful video 😍

  • @ThuyNguyen-iu8df
    @ThuyNguyen-iu8df 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great! Thank you so much.

  • @texastexas4541
    @texastexas4541 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice video. Question 1: What skeletal muscle length did you change at 13 min? Without specificity, it is impossible to understand how that angle change produced more force.
    Also, my professor told me that most skeletal muscles are always acting at optimal sarcomere lengths because they are attached to the bone. Question 2: Can you tell me which skeletal muscle operates below optimal length (resting length before contraction is initiated) and Question 3: which skeletal muscle operates beyond optimal length.
    I am not finding answers to these 3 questions anywhere. Your help (or someone else reading this) would be much appreciated.

  • @shikharsingh8416
    @shikharsingh8416 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you!

  • @manelblm1915
    @manelblm1915 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    شكرا جزيلا

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Manel Manoula في خدمتكم

  • @eishajoshi2183
    @eishajoshi2183 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Finally understood the length tension relationship after like 4 years of my life as a bachelor.
    I had a doubt, if a person is more flexible that is their muscle length is more then the recoil would be more hence tension will be more, so why do you say it's less in the end??

  • @gilcohen1163
    @gilcohen1163 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you sir!!

  • @faizanwani_
    @faizanwani_ 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is best ❤

    • @ProfRoofs
      @ProfRoofs  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Faizan Wani thank you!

  • @lennartgeier1981
    @lennartgeier1981 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hello, great Video! Just one small Issue: Ive been learning about the lenght- tension relationship as of late along with other stuff to use it for building muscle. Ive read and heard, that the "muscle length" referenced in the video actually refers to the sarcomere (hopefully i haven´t misspelled it), and aditionally the sarcomeres arent arranged the same way in every muscle. This then means that we have a different curve for each muscle, e.g. the triceps is, whether fully lengthened or shortened alwys in that resting range of highest active force, whereas quads range from the highest active force to a pretty high passive tension, making them benefit from training in a stretched position.
    Can you confirm or deny what ive learned?

  • @abdulrahim-vk9ox
    @abdulrahim-vk9ox 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank u so much
    It helped me alot👍

  • @zaza_yehaw
    @zaza_yehaw 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    please do more kinesiology and biomechanics lectures

  • @sanaaalnabulsi1374
    @sanaaalnabulsi1374 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks

  • @mayahesham6229
    @mayahesham6229 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOU