Battle for Rome - Were Barbarian invasions a Peaceful settlement or Violent conquest
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 เม.ย. 2022
- 🚩 Compare news coverage from around the world and across the political spectrum with Ground News: ground.news/historymarche
🚩 The collapse of the Western Roman Empire has since the very emergence of modern historiography been viewed as a rapid and violent period of decay. The central role in the ruin of the Western provinces of the Empire has often been attributed to the so-called “Barbarians” or people living beyond the Rhine and Danube frontiers. The view of a violent and bloody takeover of the empire by unorganized mobs of technologically and culturally inferior tribes has since gotten under a lot of deserved scrutiny.
🚩 This video was produced in collaboration with Bulgarian Empire Mapping, check out their channel and give them the credit that they deserve! / @historyrhymes1701 - Big shout to BEM for collaborating with us on this video!
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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎵 Music:
EpidemicSound
Sources
· Eugippius, , and Hermann Sauppe. Vita Sancti Severini. Berolini: apvd Weidmannos, 1877. Print.
· Brown, Peter. The World of Late Antiquity: Ad 150-750. New York: Norton, 1989. Print.
· Ward-Perkins, Brayan. The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization (pp. 3-54). Oxford University Press ,2006
#rome #documentary #historymarche
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🚩 Compare news coverage from around the world and across the political spectrum with Ground News: ground.news/historymarche
Can you make a battle of manzikert
Can you find out more on Scottish history as it seams to be hidden or left out apart from the usual biased views.
is not Ground News to focused for an american audiance? i see fox news, the sun nbc ny times? i am european
@@mitch8072 the sun is British.
Şo in other words,you chose to spread western nazi antirussian propaganda...This is last time i watched your channel.
Rome 2nd Punic War :
I just lost 1/6 of my male population and conquered Carthage
Rome 5th Century :
Help, I lost 20.000 men to the Barbarians
The Chad Republic
VS
the virgin western empire
@@youvebeengreeked based Eastern Roman Empire reconquering Africa and Italy with 8000 men
Even worse it was 1/5 male population lost
@@raidang the virgin western empire
Vs
The Chad Roman Republic
Vs
THE LAD BELISARIVS
It's always amaze me how resilient they are and how they managing a large army. You can always seeing that Rome expeditionary force usually could mustering around 50.000 troops while Medieval Kingdoms usually could only just mustering around 10.000 troops
The fall of Rome is obiously a product of their own decline, stagnation, both military and political, civil wars, failures to asimilate the others, to enforce their laws, just opened the way to barbarian groups to scramble for a good slice of the empire.
Also it is important to mention the cities being overwhelmed, and the fields deserted wich caused a lot of problems to the "civilization", thus a constant flow of migrants was needed to support the Romans, but they keep their shares and even expanded them, forcing a massive migration from the cities to the fields, and leaving the system without proper order, with groups clashing against each other, the cities sudenly were abandoned and the people searched for any form of sustain away from the "Roman" government who was at Mediolanum, and then at Ravenna. So every attack at the end of the day caused terrible damage to the soils, population and cities alike, until it was just a rump state, the murder of Majorian and the usurpation, certainly was the last straw on Rome.
Yep, numerous factors at play, long term and recently apparent occurred. The assassination of Majorian was certainly a major factor to the demise of Western Rome, though, of course, with all things considered in the factors and people who could have at least sustained the Western Roman Empire for some more time, who would have known how long the West could have held out had things gone to plan, at least to an extent.
migration did not save rome it ended rome.
@@drakehashimoto685 Also don't forget Stilicho and Aetius, had they lived longer, the empire too would've lasted longer, and might have completely averted the crisis by the time of Justinian?
@@madhurawat155 For certain, the way things could have gone is indeterminate, but it most probably would have turned out differently. Stilicho and Aetius thankfully, are getting the recognition they deserve on channels like these, which is what other individuals from other states, regardless of period, equally deserve as well.
What is the meaning of the word barbarian and is it used to insult me
And what peoples were called barbarian?
Do you think the name berber comes from the word barbarian?
Glad to see you in the playlist too! I like what you do visually when you incorporate the opinion of historians!
This is an incredibly complicated question to try and answer.
One thing that becomes clear more and more however, is that the Romans brought a lot of their problems upon themselves.
Seems awfully familiar to me.
What's more with transparently seen passes through the crystal clear picture is there are those whom chosen their fate sealed together with them romans for being the repeated offenders. Its all gonna ne the same ending of optionbased regardless which civilizations it is
@@kleinenfuchse5365 thank you for asking but I never needed someone else to do that for me
@@kleinenfuchse5365 that's what you get for your big brain question
It's actually not complicated at all in spite of the way it's presented in the video. Germanic barbarians raiding, raping, pillaging, settling, conquering, enslaving, etc. All of that was pretty straightforward for the people who lived through those events. The only reason anyone would want to complicate a topic like this is because immigration and it's negative impacts are a sensitive topic. Historiographically speaking the only complications are modern politics and how it affects the integrity of scholars who want to grab attention to themselves with outlandish claims such as the ones that have been made (as well as debunked) in the '80s. Bryan Ward Perkins did a pretty good job in the 2000s of laying out this problem in his work The Fall of Rome but as per this video, historians still feel this pathetic need to try and warp history to make political statements like: immigration isn't that bad.
Source wikipedia: Alaric was born on Peuce Island at the mouth of the Danube Delta in present-day Romania and belonged to the noble Balti dynasty of the Thervingian Goths
Although correct, don't use Wikipedia as a source of information, it's usually correct om a lot of things but as it's up to the community to update the articles and create them, it can be heavily biased for certain things or be based off rumours and portrayed as fact.
@@AllTheCoolNamesWereTaken Truth is, we can't know for sure until more archeology is done. In that respect we need to discover more on both sides of Danube river between present-day Romania and Bulgaria (they allegedly start from there and sacked Rome). These two countries however have "other" priorities at the moment.
12:40 I have to disagree. Numerous laws implemented by the germanic kingdoms, even the extremely romanized ostrogths, were absolutely discriminatory on a racial level. The germanic tribes did not allow for themselves to be integrated into the lower society, treated the romans as second class citizens (soon to be serfs), often did not allow even marriages to take place between romans and germans, created a military aristocracy that was not beholden to the locals and who's own structure internally kept being the same. Some persecutions by the Arians took place (even with the more moderate Theodoric during his later years).
At best (under the ostrogoths (and more specifically under theodoric)) roman and germanic laws coexisted but were never allowed to cross over, and at worst under the Longobards, the roman laws were utterly eliminated with the tribalistic Faida system of justice and even harsher race laws. There's a reason why the Roman population of North Africa did not fight and happily welcomed belisarius, why spain was conquered so rapidly by the arabs, why the franks ruled southern gaul so quickly and even italy (who was "treated nicely" only by theodoric) who we hear so much how cool they received belisarius's invasion, still rebelled against the ostrogoths (Milan, one of the former capitlas of the roman empire got a brutal sacking it would not recover from decades (to the point that the longobards preferred Pavia as their capital) and the same reason the longobards fell in 1 year after charlemagnes conquest without the rebellions regions such as saxony gave them).
Oddly enough the only kingdom who didnt fall was the Franks, who instead fully integrated the local roman nobility (to be fair, the gallor roman nobility was already a military aristocracy since the 200s) and converted to Nicean Christianity.
Intresting who the destroyers of the civilization pretend to call themselves the "master race"
Was the Visigothic military elite still in northern Spain at the time of the Reconquista?
Well said
@@ingold1470 The visigothic capital was in toledo, the Nobility was almost completely wiped out. If there was a stonger northern power base, we'd have seen a larger kingdom to the north, rather then the Asturias rebellion
Thank you for this comment, very interesting
*There’s FAR too much pro-Roman bias inside of me to give the barbarians ANY sympathetic leeway, and I’m ok with that.* 🦅
LOL freaky greek!
@@attilathehun2537 aren't I just
HistoryMarche, I can't wait for your next videos such as:
Battle of Mezokeresztes Part 3
Hannibal: Second Punic War Part 19
Rise of Augustus Caesar Part 4
The idea that the Roman Empire saw a cataclysmic destruction at the hands of naked, unwashed barbarian tribes, tearing down the pillars of civilization and plundering the eternal city to oblivion was a picture created by historians from the Renaissance Period, who for their part were mostly reacting to the contemporary invasions of Italy by the French, Spanish and Holy Roman Emperor in the 15th and 16th centuries. The fact is long before its fall, Rome saw an enormous amount of acculturation, as many Goths, Franks and Vandals spent quite some time living in the Roman Empire before they took it over. In fact Alaric the Goth, who sacked Rome in 410 C.E had actually served in the Foederati, was a one time ally of Emperor Theodosius and had been seeking the position of commander in chief of the Roman Army as part of his demands during the Second Siege of Rome.
you are close to find the true... this video is just brainwash... no concordance with the real history... lease consider to read the paper books and then you will understand why in italy and spain and saouth france noadays the language is "germanic" as sweden and not romanian as in Gothic Land Romania... nice isentit??
Very interesting video. I liked how you engaged with the debate and cited both primary and secondary sources to answer and important and relay interesting question. I also liked how you critiqued sources and acknowledged the possible biases.
This is an outstanding video you guys just keep getting better and better!
Thank you for making these videos! Keep up the good work
I really like these monothematic videos about non-battle topics
Loved helping you out with this video!
Cool video, but what does this have to do with anything Ukraine related?
It doesn’t. They plugged a project they are working on and when you click the hashtag it takes you there. Kinda how marketing works
@@shanemooney6118 The amount of people that fail to understand that is mind boggling
Amazing video. I didn't know about Stilicho, a very important event, given that other Germanic soldiers as Arminius also joined to Germanic tribes to face the Empire. That event with Stilicho could have been a breaking point.
I often wonder just how different would history be if Honorius was never emperor.
That would've happened if Theodosius was never the emperor, which in turn would've happened if Valens hadn't died in Adrianople, which in turn would've happened if some random Roman officers hadn't unnecessarily extorted the Goths.
P.s: I know that Theodosius was a good emperor, but you get the point right.
I wish these military history channels would stay out of modern conflicts. But I can only dream.
Oh well...
Grateful for this Playlist! @Kings and Generals & Company!!
Another great episode HM. Appreciate your work. 👍
this was an excellent video, much imporoved graphics, excellent music, narration is top, and the story line great. GREAT WORK!!!
good video 👍
I like how you incoperated the debate between the historians at the beginning
Thank you all for this collab in this big project!
no connection with the real history, just brainwash and stupid explanations... the same lies then the same lies today!
Thank you for the videos 😀 genuinely enjoy the content
Great content as always!
Formally ceded also doesn't mean there wasn't an imbalance of power....Rome literally couldn't afford to fight certain tribes by the 5 the and 6th centuries because it's moral structure had crumbled, it's armies we're weak, and there was no cohesion politically.....formally cedeing can also mean " you're gonna give me this shit, and act like were equals about it or I'll destroy you"
Wow! Talk about the amount of material and complexity of it that you all must have had to go thru and then to put together it all together into yet another logical and easy flowing narrative presentation. No wonder your videos are the very best. Thank you HistoryMarche !
Wow what a fanboy. Talking about a okeyisch history video like birth of christ
Amazing that content about Rome will never run out
@black rabbi Yup. The ukraine portion is just a small segment. Basicly they are donating to various charities for Ukraine.
@black rabbi your loss.
I'm unclear on what this had to do with Ukraine, lol
Thanks for another great episode! ⚔🏹⚔
11:52 Ok kings and generals, kinda rude
Amazing video and analysis! I’ve learnt a lot. I was writing my semester paper on the fall of the Western Roman Empire. There are also numerous examples E. A. Thompson puts forward that a-lot of the empires threats where internal, due to the decentralisation of imperial authority at the hands of the regional landed aristocracy. Moreover, there are multiple examples of where the Romans could have starved the barbarians into submission (E.A. Thompson, 1982., pg. 26-27). However, they hopelessly needed a source of manpower and the foederati could provide it. This led to the mass settling of the Germanic tribes. The barbarians, rather than being the cause of the fracturing imperial framework, became a consequence of it.
This is an excellent point; in many ways, barbarian troops were more reliable than Roman soldiers, since they were willing to fight for less pay so long as they had land, and being tied to the land they were given as pay, they were less likely to join a usurpation, they just wanted to get paid and live on the piece of land
Yep, yep, that's true. I'm glad that the simplistic idea that Rome fell due to Barbarian invasions is getting rejected more and more. Of course, we both know that nothing falls instantly, nor for just a reason or two, but rather a case of long term and recently apparent factors at play that led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Gosh, I love complex topics like this :)
you learnd only what the jesuits whant to show you... you have to step over this schit... no real history shared here... please consider to find the true history stories in the paper book and confront with this rubbish... pass no longer what they try to explain, and the true what was realy happend then! no expectation to be so false in this brainwash movie!
Theres was a cultural and artistic boom in the Iberian peninsula in the 4th-5th century as well. Also Procopius and many other writers of the time wrote about how brutal the roman army was to peoples under their control. Without a doubt all armies except king totila and belisarius acted brutal towards the plebs
Procopius also said Justinian was a demon-baby
And when they ceased to be brutal, also known as efficient, they were taken over. A single inferior tribe, both technologically and culturally, wouldn't have been able to do much. As tribal federations and such formed then, even if the technologically inferior tribes would have owned arms of inferior quality (or simply less of it), their number made up for it.
Yeah um "all armies" is a ridiculous assumption...let's try to be objective
@@freefromthedark6784 not pretending i know anything… most? The fact is there was peninsula wide famine and many many riders and clergymen expressed how generally armies treated civilians in those times.
@@mysticnovelbro yeah but if youre going to go there then you can just discredit at least 50% of writers/historians from antiquity. Between religion and not understand they spoke/ wrote wild fallacies. Dont be like that
I wish you would continue the story of thoses kingdoms and how they evolved
Great video
واحدة من افضل قنوات اليوتيوب على الاطلاق ♥️🔥🔥+ اكو عرب لو لا بس اني 😶😶🇮🇶
أهلاً وسهلاً
موجودين 🤙
this drawings and this background music are well pleased in my ears and eyes. Thank you
Another great video covering the Fall of Rome & the Western Roman Empire.
What makes HistoryMarche much more unique than say other channels like Epic History is that they understand that history can be written by non-bias & bias scholars. They keep asking the big questions about events & the decisions by historical figures while others tend to glass over other these critical details that might likely contradict the current simple narrative by modern historians & their respective nation's POV of events.
It's typically up to the general public to analyze and determine who was actually "The Great", "The Blessed", The flawed" or "The Terrible", etc in history.
The simple perception led by historians tend to get rejected as more people began to absorb other details covering historical events and likely their ancestors
So we bad country or wat this talking about country that took over centuries is they good country I ain't know we were violent I'm 8% of that crazy I'm England & Northwestern Europe 8%
More Hannibal 🙏 I really enjoy your work.
Nice two of the best on project Ukraine history marche and kings and generals
It's a great day when historymarche uploads
Roman Empire in the 2nd century: Civil wars can't stop me.
Roman Empire in the 5th century: Shit, we lost 20000 soldiers to barbarians
Great job as always!!
does this mean they will be doing donation drive for Palestinian ppl too?
@@haraldsigurdsson1232 why dont you go watch a 14 words video and sod off
Nice video
What's the name of the music that was mainly used in this video? It's intense!
Thanks for your collaboration on this project! It's great to see the ancient history of a lesser known region covered.
this video is brainwash... no true history... please consider to read the genuine paper books before to test yourself with this bullshit!
Impressive graphics 👏🏻👌🏻😊
Won't watch anything from kings and generals BUT I really enjoy your work
What? Why?
"Hello Mister. We would like to peacefully cease your house and kick you out of it" the intruder asked nicely
In my opinion Western Rome fell due to its economy, lowering taxes and keeping them like that for many years, printing as much money as they could, not controlling inflation, subsidy when not necessary, poor tax collection and a overpriced military spendings. All of these creates a circle that only modern economists can understand by studying capitalism and historical disasters. Only Eastern Rome, due to its higher geographical GDP, and proper tax management survived. Let us not forget that Rome brought to the world not just culture, military and law, but also economics.
Great video and great cause!
Love your stuff man so glad to work with you
brain wash... only lies... nothing real to find good in this video... only bullshit! no accordance with the paper books...
Battle of Allia (390 bce)
Cimbrian War (113 bce)
That’s all you need to know.
This is an amazing initiative. I am proud to be part of this collaboration and hoping we can make a little bit of a difference to some people’s lives.
Thank you for keeping truth of our history told as it truly happened!
The history best described is better than none described at all.
please do a series on NADER SHAH'S CAMPAIGNS
Wait.. Rome fell because of unchecked immigration?
I don't think that's going to be a popular take.
brainwash this video... nothing real to use from it!
The thesis of peaceful Germanic settling in the Roman Empire has more to do with current year politics than it does with historical record.
Why do you think so many germanic tribes allied with rome, traded wit rome and even fought for Rome, most notably against the huns, where more Germanics than romans fought and yes they also sometimes fought germanics themselves, the best exmaple was Stilicho. Just read about him and you will shake your head how dumb and greedy the last west roman emperors were.
Thanks for supporting Ukrain - it is very significant. We live at historical times... Unfortunately
The people of Ukraine is not alone. 🇺🇦🇧🇷
Feeding the AlGoreRythm !:-)
⚡️🙏⚡️
An amazing video as always! Can you do a video on the Roman identity in the former Western Roman Empire after the fall? Like Roman identity after 476 and into the high Middle Ages?
For a time, little changed for most ordinary Romans. Their Germanic overlords were brutal towards many but not all, they retained old Roman tiltles and sweared allegiance to Constantinople (at least in name). Eastern Romans in particular stayed completely Romans, so much so that some argue that they never lost their Romanness and retained it all the way till 1453 !
@2:00
Isn't this the West's foreign student system ?
"Come to our universities" and earn 6-figures...where you can buy land (that was meant for an American)
brilliant
My respects from Ukraine 🤝
Violent. Jeez. Next obvious question?
Damn we was violent
Liked and subbed! You guys are great man!
Yo king, you dropped this comment 👑
the lack of sources will always leave room for assumptions. only archeological discoveries can shed more light.
I do not understand why modern 'historians' dismiss contemporary sources of the age and replace it with their 'take' on what happened. Life conditions and mentality is fundamentally different from 21st century therefore there is absolutely no way modern 'historians' can possibly judge what happened then thru their soft, sedentary and subdued lifestyle. Life then was a constant battle for survival and there was no mercy shown by conquerors towards their conquered. Even civilized cultures like Roman Empire were particularly brutal in their conquests.
The reason historians do that is they have preconceived ideas and force it in their field of study.
@@Ian-yf7uf ancient scholars are infamous for there basis that is why modern Historian's don't take their words for granted
You have to take into consideration that sources lies, everyone has an angle. Just look at events that are happening right now in Ukraine. The Russian says one thing and the Ukranians and NATO says another... There is always a grain of thruth in what the sources says but you cannot simply follow whatever they are saying to the letter, because you need to contrast what they are saying with other sources, as well as to know the author, his leanieacies and the objective of his work. In recounting the fall of the Empire we have a problem, we dont have contemporary authors that could tell us the story from the "Barbarians" side. So believing those sources to the letter it would be like just hearing what Russia is saying about his invassion and saying that is what happend. Its obvious that you would not get the whole picture and some of the events would even be exagerations or even false. So here, we have to rely in other sourcess such as Archaeology or indirect sources to complement our theory and have a more complete picture of what really happened, and not just what they told us what happened.
@@Luisite98 Some of what you say makes sense, however we live in an age of lies, history and every bit of info is politicized. BUT in those days there was absolutely no political interest on the part of chroniclers their goal was to relate the events the best they could, there was no agenda, no bullshite narrative to push. What I am saying is that you cannot dismiss ALL the sources as these 'historians' do, if you have multiple sources saying the same thing then must be the truth.
@@MohamedRamadan-qi4hl that's true, but historians also invent egalitarian lesbian matriarchies like the Minoans even though there's plenty of evidence that is false.
Nice project. I made a short about Ukraine and Russia a couple months ago to give my viewers and students a basic background of recent events. I don't have many viewers, so it is nice to see some larger channels teaching about this topic.
@علي ياسر Typical Muscovite talking points. Long ago our ancestors were part of the same country, so now I'll conquer you and impose my backward regime on you.
uhha so the Roman civilisation colapsed because of incontrolled influx of forign culture, completatly incomaptible with local, I think I heared of that somwhere...
It's so sad to see roman lands in the west attacked plundered and sacked by the hordes from the east. Fortunately Roman culture endured and flourished.
yeah who knew letting tribals waltz in and rob you and go back home would be good, Aurelian knew what’s up when he pursued the Goths and destroyed their homeland
Sorry haven’t been around lately, I always miss the beginning of the invasions but I’m always there at the end of the war 😁👍
All is forgiven! 😁
Honorius. What a clown 🤡
enyhow this video is brainwash... not true history!
That question is incredibly complex, essentially both. There’s examples of Rome letting “barbarian” people’s enter its territory and settle but of course they were abused, treated as 2nd class and had high taxes among other disrespect and there were many “barbarian tribes” (Germanic, Ostrogoth, Visigoth, Pechneg, Vandals etc) that came in successive waves of hostile invasion and migration. Pushed into Imperial lands from marauding steppe war bands and other fierce tribes. Huns and Alans for example just to name a few.
you have no ideea what was happend then... isentit? please read the genuine paper book and let this lies to die slowly... this is just brainwash...
Jordanes said the ghots were ambushed in the way to gaul , so they drive back and sack Rome.
When are you going to show us an arabian battles
Working on it.
الله حيو أسامة
@@alim1977 الله يبقيك
Hello can you make a video in the future about muslims conquering constantinople? Just a suggestion thank youu
Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job.
this video is brainwash... no true history showen here!
Wait so ... the weakness that led to the influx of Germans was due to civil wars between competing emperors. The dissolution of the republic and the ego of Caesar was the root cause of the eventual collapse. I'd love to see a video about the transition from republic to empire. Was it an inevitable change based on socio economic factors, or was it an avoidable occurrence forced into existence by a cadre of individuals?
".. . and if ya didnt stick around until the end.. . well fuck ya."
- hm
Awesome video!
another day in brainwash world!
@@hitmann4013 elaborate please.
قبل ثانية واحدة
What is the meaning of the word barbarian and is it used to insult me
And what peoples were called barbarian?
Do you think the name berber comes from the word barbarian?
Such a great narrator especially during Caesar's Civil War series.
Reason the cover Ukraine is not because of the ethnic history but the geography. Historically, the "barbarians" were Germanic, Proto-Slavic, and Hunnic tribes, many of which lived in modern Ukraine. The Roman empire eastern border was past the Danube and Romania, going into Moldova and Western Ukraine. So yea, it's relevant. Great video.
no, Roman border was most of the times around the Danube, I don’t mind the part about Ukraine so don’t think I’m just russian propagandaist like some people in the comments
I support the current thing. 😐
I think that the biggest takeaway from this video should be... who gives a shit if the Roman lands were granted to the Germanic tribes or not? Rome conquered the lands around itself just as mercilessly as it itself became conquered, so who cares? The point is that since Rome acquired it's territory through a might-makes-right policy, then it isn't "wrong" or "unjust" for anyone to take their land away from them under that same exact pretense. Of course, some might argue that Rome often liked to invent false pretense prior to it's military campaigns, which is true, but that still doesn't offer any additional form of legitimacy to anyone with a fully functioning brain.
rome do this also today... nothing new... only a brainwash from the crazzy guys who lead us today... jesuits and barbarians too... that they call nomadic barbarian tribes where in fact: noble, clever and just scythians... good luck seaching the true!
I wonder how long the Longbards kept to Heathenry in Italy.
as long the bart was there... longobards means long barts...
@@hitmann4013 I read sources that claim it was a derogatory term for their long beards. The tribe wanted to reflect Wotan or Odin, so much that even the women would braid their hair around their faces in ceremony.
A huge project involving alot of people. Congrats on that!
brainwash... no true history!
Why does this sound so familiar………..
neat
There’s literally a total war rome dlc called barbarians invasion
Those dang beerbellyons
One day, I lost control of my body. While sober and still being fully conscious, God started speaking to me and He said "follow me or die." I don't know you or what you've been through, but you matter. I grew up in church always hearing about God but I decided to do my own thing. Doing drugs and chasing girls, among other things. I did it for years and I was depressed for years.. after being arrested I stopped doing drugs... that's when God scared me straight, for years I had the opportunity to accept Jesus as Lord but I never did, so God had to wake me up. After all these years I'm glad God said what He said. It was like someone pushing another person out of the way of a speeding car, to the person that was pushed it might seem rude.. but after that person gets a hold of themselves and looks back, they will realize that they needed to be pushed. Jesus Christ loves you and so do I.
God bless you
love the videos but, would be way better if you stayed off the BS Ukraine lies..
👍
project Palastine NAKBA(calamaty) !
Gotta bring trinkets to the overlords eh?