Peter the Great - Russia's Greatest Tsar Documentary
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#Biography #History #Documentary
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Not too bad, but my ex-husband and oldest son are biological descendants of Peter The Great.
Ahh, my favorite biography channel releases on the same day as me. Time to set aside 40min for this gem!
All hail HistoryMarche!
I LOVE YOUR VIDEOS. BIG FAN!!💯💯💯💯
This was very good. Peter the Great is one of my favorite characters from history. Such energy, such excitement, such accomplishment! Thank you for sharing this wonderful video!
So the boys he would play war games with that got promoted meritoriously ended up protecting the family for like 300 years... That's a pretty baller investment.
Where can I read about this investigation that your speaking of? 300 year investigation?
He believed that high rank in the military needed to be earned instead bought as if it was merchandise.
Try your local library for starters.
He knew what he was doing.
Besides, he felt that rank in the military needed to be earned instead sold as if it was merchandise.
I enjoyed this history lesson immensely. It seems that Peter the Great was mostly a reformer, rather than a tyrant. He sure had a profound yearning for learning and traveling.
Having said that he had a tyrannical side to him and used his powers without remorse or boundaries. NOT SURE I ADMIRE HIM 100%. But he did do many great things for Russia. Too bad many after him up to this time have plunged RUSSIA into backwardness and darknness.
@@springspring3341 Catherine the Great also advanced Russia's cause, inspired by the enlightenment.
As you've rightly stated, it's deeply regrettable that Russia has been driven to the depths of global disgrace since the Bolsheviks, if not prior.
@@springspring3341 it would have been impossible to be a reformist without also being tyrannical during Peter's time. His treatment of his son was amongst his darkest acts, but overall he deserves the title of "great" as he truly was a great russian leader.
@@lennzac Tyranny in those days was primarily the curtailment of the rights of aristocrats, and not the oppression of ordinary people at all. They both lived badly and continued to live badly.
The Russian navy still uses Dutch naval words en terms Peter learned in Amsterdam.
So far so good.
They just entered the Russian language.
Мы используем многие и в обычном общении.
Abraham Lincoln is said to have remarked, "I never met a man capable of wonderful things that was not also capable of terrible things.
Peter the Great has always been one of my favorite historical leaders. Thank you so much for this video!
He is a heretic who tried to destroy Orthodoxy and more, he is rotting in hell
@@cnst.33 Operative word: tried.
Motivation,? Bishops sometimes ( even now) not only act as enemies of a people - but also as enemies of True Faith.
Do not forget::Christ was sentenced by clerics who manipulated Secular Roman Power. . much of that still goes on... (I am devout Catholic, btw...🙏🏼❤)
@@glocksmith226 No he was terrible, it doesn’t matter if he’s called Great, Stalin is praised too lol. He tried to destroy Orthodoxy in Russia and he killed Priesrs
@@cnst.33and then religious fanatics?
Such a fantastic life. Great documentary.
I like how he took lowly positions to learn from the bottom up
Yeah well he didn’t suffer for it.
Thank you for such a brilliant biography. You are making information on the lives of very important historical figures accessible to a wide audience. A great contribution to history, You Tube and pedagogy itself. Excellent work!
I adore Pyotr Veliky. For further reading, I highly recommend Peter the Great by the late great Robert K. Massie. He puts the reader almost right beside Peter, from his birth and captivity in the Kremlin to his youth at Preobrazhenskoe to his Great Embassy to his Azov campaigns, culminating in the glory of Poltava, the disastrous Pruth campaign against the Sublime Porte, the founding and ceaseless expansion of Sankt Peterbourg, dealing with the unending corruption of Menshikov, his coronation of his wife Catherine, etc. He always led by example and never spared himself any hardship. Despite being God's Anointed, he could be disarmingly charming and down-to-earth whilst never forgetting that he was graced by God to be the Father of his people. His beloved Preobrazhensky Guards sometimes addressed him as "father". Simply a breathtaking life. I hope and pray that his memory and mighty legacy be always remembered and cherished by the Rus, whom he loved so much.
I am reading Massie's book right now. Page turner!
Bought the book soon after watching the 3 part mini series on peter the great!
I am rereading Massie's Catherine the Great. His book Nicholas and Alexandra was what sparked my interest when I read it in college in 1973 and I am still studying Russian history, art and culture at age 71 -- not for a degree, just for the love of the subject. I have been lucky enough to visit St. Petersburg, Peter's creation. It is just western enough to feel familiar to an American, and just Asiatic enough to feel foreign with signage in Cyrillic, etc. You can easily spend a week there and not see everything. However, I would not suggest going now with the dicey political situation. We went about five years ago and it was fine then. If the political situation were better I would go again in a heartbeat. Books by Helen Rappaport and Charlotte Zeepvat are also excellent. Douglas Smith's book, Former People, chronicles what happened to three major noble Russian families after the revolution -- the Sheremetevs, Golitzyns and the Trubetskoys. That is ONE remarkable book. The pictures alone are haunting. When we went on a boat tour of SP we passed a large mansion with an iron fence with gilded tips and I said, that must have been some noble's house. I later found out it was "Fountain House", the Sheremetev family's city mansion. They were great music patrons and the house is being restored after being sliced up into flats during the 1930s....If you have seen the Netflix film, Silver Skates, the mansion exterior is used as the home of the wealthy female main character in the movie. it is fun to see it being used like that in all its snowy glory.
@@virginiasoskin9082 I appreciate the rich history of Russia, but I refuse to visit this country whilst under the rule of a dictator who is waging an imperialistic-driven war on a neighbouring nation-state.
Russia is a global disgrace, and I do not understand how any person with Western democratic values can be willing to contribute to the Russian economy.
read Alexey Tolstoy - "Peter I" book
Nice. Very evenly balanced history & documentary of BOTH Russia and P the G. I like the fact that your history gave the good & the bad (information) and didn't try to 'sugar coat' anything.
Wonder how a meeting of Fredrick the great, Gustavus Adolphus and Peter the Great would go
such legendary men of early modern Europe talking would be really interesting to watch
I enjoyed every second of this video. One of my favorite historical figures, despite his dark side, of course. His story is quite a rollercoaster ride. Well done!!!
a very balanced nuanced presentation clearly demonstrating the true complexity of history
He was great when he wed into the water and saved a drowning soldier. Few days after he died by the cold incurred by that event. I wish his spirit be saved just as he rescued that man despite bloody acts he had done through his life.
My ancestors were among those who did not share Peter's views about westernisation and din not agree with shaving their beards, so left Russia and moved towards south west. After a short pause in today's Moldova, they proceeded their journey and arrived in what is today Romania, and created their own community, mostly men are fishermen and women housewives. Dobruja, due to it's proximity to the Danube Delta is the place they preferred to settle in so they could fish. Generations past and now, we still exist. Although not everyone does, most of us still speak the old Russian language, still follow the old traditions, and still follow the religion our ancestors used to follow. We are called lipovans, and still many of us don't shave our beards.
I'm Predrag from Serbia, living in Phuket Thailand why you guys like your bears so much? :)
looking at children murderer Putins Russia of 2023 - it was a good decision to go to Romania
The Beard shaving, what was the contention with not wanting to shave?
beard shaving law was only for noble classes, not for all
Thank you for significantly adding to my compendium of knowledge. I wish that there were more sites such as this, both on the Internet and TV.
This is amazing! Thank you so much! 😊❤️💕
Fantastic video! Thank you!
For sure a reformer
As of if he was a tyran, for today’s standards, yes, but for 1700, he was a lot softer than many other ruler
Thanks for this awesome recap of his life
I have learnt so much from this documentary thank you 🙏
Thank you for this video on Peter the Great. Never knew why Catherine the Great was known as to have followed in his footsteps. Now I know.
Thank you so much. This is so entertaining. It helped me alot in my exams.
They should do a recut of this “and then Peter became a cyborg, created nuclear weapons, took over Mars and then declared himself emperor... of the world”.
thanks for another great doco mate.
Ty for documentary Great One
Loved and captivated by story of Peter the Great.
Ruined by Google's greedy adverts. It's about time youtube returned to being a genuine video sharing community.
Peter The Great is just that, Great.
Admired by the whole world then and now.
Thank you for doing this story on Peter The Great, also thanks to the person who mentioned the book by Robert K. Maddie I can’t wait to read it
I had no clue who Peter the Great was until Vladimir Putin told me this "Peter the Great fought for 20 years and so will I to make my dream come true and that is for Ukraine to return to the motherland" .... I thought to myself who is this Peter the Great?!!
Putin is a lot more like Lenin because Peter The Great wouldn’t dare invade the modern day Ukraine 🇺🇦.
Putin is obviously under the influence of the ghost of Lenin.
Love this channel! Thank you so much
Indeed. The narrative is so well framed, it's amazing how quickly 40 min goes by.
Indeed!
@@PeopleProfiles uh oh, you sound like my anatomy professor when I hand in a test paper, and assure him I did well!😨
@@nickykeightley1724 Well, it only makes sense to let him know that you are very well prepared :)
@@HistoryMarche indeed!
That was really GREAT
he was a great reformer and tsar
Peter the Great was not called Great for nothing! Such Russian royal badass man. Love him, hate him, but you cant not admire his deeds and efforts in modernization of Russia. He pushed the country froom simple agricultural-God loving/God fearing into modern Russia.
By the way, Leo Tolstoy said that the one who killed more people is usually called Great in history. In Russia we respect this tsar, but we usually speak simply Peter I. In general, almost all the nicknames of tsars after Peter were invented by pro-monarchist historians.
Ivan The Terrible killed more people in his lifetime than Peter The Great in his day.
All this jolly company is mesmerizing
Thanks again for such top notch content, id literally cut off my left forearm for you guys too do some stuff on Byzantine leaders, obviously you all have alot too do a patrons but still maybe one day it will make it onto your plate.
There are so so very many figures that could be covered its almost somewhat like an entirely separate medieval history.
Note, he tried to bring Russia into Europe especially because he understood that trade lifted every class of person. Who fears that union nowadays? The US. Russias raw materials and their manufacturing skills is more of a threat to the US dollar and hegemony than China, at least currently.
The Russians “manufacturing skills”? Who knew. That Russia was a hub of manufacturing must be a well kept secret of worldwide proportions! Just what are they manufacturing and who are they selling these items too, exactly. “Proudly displaying their “made in Russia” label, our Kremwidgets are made with the GREATest carelessness. They pretend to work and we pretend to make them, is our motto, signed, the kleptocrats union
One other thing isnt it kinda funny it is Menshikov (cant spell Russian well) has his hands in the case against his son, the pushing of Catherine as Czarina , finally just ruling for her and Peters grandson till finally falling ill. He was a shady dude !
He was just trying to keep the throne in the Romanov family.
Peter the great approves.
Peter is the ancestor of my ex-husband and oldest son.
Russian nobility and clergy:Ah,we should support Peter he’s sure not to shake things up and speed up change unnecessarily.
Peter:ZOOM
Can’t get enough of old Tsarist Russian documentaries how about doing his Daughter Elizabeth and then of course Catherine The Great??
Nice, I've been waiting for this one
"PEOPLE OF MOSCOW: I AM YOUR TSAR... AND I WILL DRAG YOU ALL KICKING AND SCREAMING IF I HAVE TO INTO THE MODERN ERA"
Brilliant job sir keep it up. It was informative and the great thing was its neutrality....
Indeed!
Like Darth Vader he made an empire and his son refused to rule
Most his relationship problem was his problem to be honest.
Personalities differ. England has had her share of self-obsessed personalities... Some of them even accepted the Throne!. 😱
Darth Vader was more of a common General and nothing more.
How relevant this is in 2019. Watch and learn.
I wish it was still 2019. 2024 sucks
One thing when Peter died, Catherine the First wailed and sobs all night embracing the late Peter's cold dead hand
Yep....that woman definitely had emotional issues.🤷
I saw that in StarMediaEN's The Romanovs Part 4
He can truely and proadly be called PETER THE GREAT. HE WAS A GREAT MAN.
Peter the Great looks like Ron Jeremy in some pictures.
Actually, Peter looks like my ex-brother-in-law Daniel Boone Cooper.
Calling the Naryshkins Tatars is like calling Texans Germans.
And our Swedish king Carl XVI Gustaf descends from Peter the Great. 🙂 Our kings grandfathers grandmothers grandmother Maria Pavlovna was Paul I:s daughter, and my guess is that Paul indeed, contrary to a widespread rumour, WAS the biological son of Peter III, with whom he has certain similarities, even if his mother had other children that had other biological fathers, That would make Peter the great grandfathers grandmothers grandmothers grandfathers grandfather of Carl XVi Gustaf. It is also interesting that Peter the Great was reconciled with Karl XII:s family after around 20 years of war. I use Swedish spelling of Karls name.) Peter I:s daughter, Anna Petrovna (mother of Peter III) married Karl Fredrik of Holstein Gottorp, who actually was the son of Karl XII:s sister Hedvig Sofia, so Russian and Swedish royalty have been "more mixed" than many people know.
Swedish blood is the same blood as western Russians. The swedes were the first russians.
@@deborahdean8867 I don´t mean in a general,meaning. I meant specifically that Peter the Greats daughter Anna was married to a grandson of the Swedish king Karl XI. Therefore Swedish roya heritage in the Russian imperial family. Also Swedes settling in western Russia were probably mixed with people allready there, speaking a slavic language.
He was no tyrant.
He was man, who saw his a vision on his country that’s was very old fashion n lack modernization on everything. Just. Like. CATHERINE. THE GREAT a visionary woman.
You do have to admit he was a bit of a psychopath
@@davyroger3773 Not....as much as Catherine🙄
Throughout a lot of history, greatness is measured by military achievements. By necessity this means measured by the thousands they killed. At least Peter was also famous for reforms and advancing the country as a whole
Very interesting documentary. But why the annoying music in the background?
Great job! I subscribed!!
He was a great reformer but it is still difficult to come to terms he tortured his son.
When a son becomes an enemy, it puts the Regent in a very difficult position. Who is really a son or a daughter? The one who allies with the Regent. (Were he truly inspired, the biological son would have been grateful for the cloister option)
Love history and this is grest
A quick, well told history of Tsar Peter. The procession of 2D paintings can get a bit stale (there's one image of Peter that appears far too many times) but the information provided seems accurate. I suspect that there's not enough provided concerning his struggles with the nobility and Church, in the sense that this is put down to efforts to "liberalise," when what's being called liberalisation is actually Peter's reshaping of the Tsardom on the model of France's absolute monarchy.
While his efforts to tie government service to merit certainly broadened and empowered Russia's tiny middle class, at the expense of the traditional nobility, the vast majority of Russians remained serfs - tied to land they could not legally own, and subject to the whims and legal judgement of the landlord/"noble" who held ownership. Indeed the Tsar's efforts at building St. Petersburg in the fever-ridden wetlands near the mouth of the Neva River depended almost entirely on corvée (involuntary) labour parties of peasant-serfs supplied both from Peter's own lands and as a tax on the Nobility. Serfdom was not abolished in Russia until 1861, and was in fact extended to new areas in Imperial Russia during the 18th Century.
Imagine a soldier knocking on your hovel door and telling you,
"Bring your coat and a shovel. It's time to go to the new city and dig ditches."
"How long will I be gone?" you ask. "Till it's done." he says.
"What's the pay?" you ask. "Bread and beet soup, twice a day" he answers.
"When can I see my family again?" you ask, and the soldier says "Don't make me laugh."
I’m playing civ 6 as true start Russia, it’s so cool to get to understand their history from a simulation of their perspective
Got me to do some research on Peter!
Peter really was Great.
How true that is.
I wouldn't want to ever be king .Killing his son makes all robot and inhuman .
Watch the news. An everyday occurrence....especially terrible when mothers do it:its called abortion🙏🏼
Good video. I'm about done with a 44 hour audible book about Peter the Great and was looking for a video to put some names with faces. When I got to tell you I read a lot of history books and I'm not thinking Peter's that great. I agree he changed his country and he couldn't have changed it the way he did if he was an enlightened monarch. He would have probably needed to be an autocrat in history to force everybody to get things done like that make changes. So I respect that but otherwise not as impressed with him as I am other people in history.
Elizabeth Warren should not be underestimated. She drinks beer. She has jazz hands & many plans.
Isn't she the one told everyone she was part Native American for years and then it turned out to be BS? Or she had like 1% native American ancestry lol.
DangerDan Pocahontas:)
I’ve visited his Venice of the North, a title which could also apply to Amsterdam. Both are magificent cities. He is Russia’s greatest ruler.
Please make a video on Ivan the terrible
However... But... Then...
Indeed!
He was a top lad mate! That’s what he was.
Tsar Peter III. a prince of Holstein-Gottorp from Germany, a grandson of Peter The Great, was chosen Tsar for a lack of Tsarist offspring, he received the throne on Jan/05/1762. Quickly after Elizabeth Petrovna died, he filled the throne and made peace with Frederick The Great for that ending the 7 years war.
The British Jay's had him killed in St. Petersburg by a Freemason of French initiation called: Count Orlov.
Count Orlov strangled Peter with a long cloth napkin. To make sure no problems would come up with his son Paul I., the Jay British intelligence apparatus prepared to strike once he was in the position as Tsar. Once he was on the throne he issued a gov. order that had the secret service nose people troubled.
Having some Indians at his palace who asked for help against England that ruled India.
Peter decided to have kossak contingents dispatched to India.
He announced also to have the Russian Army reformed to have it formed to a Prussian style force.
The Secret Service was now very troubled and knew he would be of great trouble to England.
Freemasonry in form of Nihilism operated in Russia, for the next century to come and eventually develope into Anarchist and Communist terrorism.
Book references:
The Satanization of Russia by B. Jensen.///The Pioneers Of The Russian Revolution by A. Rappaport.///Prisoner Of The Reds by Francis McCullagh.///Nicholas II. and the Jews by Gen. A. Netchovolodow./// Bolshevik Prosecution Of Christianity by Francis McCullagh.///From Double Eagle To Red Flag by P.N. Krasnov.///
The Occult War by Emanuel Malynski.///Russia's Ruin by Wilcox.///
How true that is.
Furthermore, he also destroyed many of the icons as well as forcing the Russian Orthodox priests to dress like Lutheran ministers.
i am turkish,he is my second guy after atatürk
Mustache of Wilhelm is the third guy Kaiser Wilhelm the second
@@neilghosh3821 mustache of wilhelm represents western hipocracy, for more info pls look for ittehat ve Terakki
Mustafa attatork hates islam and he was a bad man
Bro I got an Arby's advertisement 💀
But aside from that very good documentary
Tzar Peter I, also advanced many medical procedures with human anatomy.
Peter was a huge height of 206 centimeters for his time.
One small thing Peter The Greats first wife is Eudoxia (pronounced Yev Du Key Uh)
That is true, one amendment of transcription. In russian it sounds like "Ev-do-ki-ya"
For starters, he should have exiled her to a monastery in Siberia where she would have never returned from at all.
WHO though Only his core people.
He was both. A great reformer, and a tyrant.
Not so much against his own people... Wish the American chiefs of state were as thoughtful of their own!
Reformer? Yes!
Tyrant? Never!
Like great leader her was both.
38:55 Ron Jeremy!? 🤔🧐😜
Catherine I was actually born in Lithuania 🇱🇹.
Being the ex-wife and mother of two of Peter’s descendants, I think that maybe I know just what Catherine was to Peter.
peter the great was not russian, he was georgian. his father was erekle I
A great reformer, definitely.
Can you please tell me how much he paid for Baltic state? Thanks
Great
Here my question what is the relationship between Russia and Poland were like back then?
The contradiction between the two fraternal peoples was laid in the tenth century at the spiritual level. If Prince Vladimir baptized Russia into Orthodoxy, then Prince Mieszko I of Poland converted to Catholicism, inviting bishops from the Czech Republic for this. This put an abyss between the Slavic peoples: Orthodox Christians considered Catholics to be heretics and sodomites shaving beards. For their part, the Poles began to consider bearded Russians as barbarians, because, in their opinion, they did not have access to European culture!
This conflict was literally introduced by the Germans, who in the second half of the first millennium began to actively displace Slavic tribes from Germany and forcibly impose Catholicism. In fact, having accepted the new faith, the Poles agreed to work for Western civilization, and the Germans found "faithful dogs" who could be set against the enemy - the Russians at any moment.
After the invasion of Batu, our country was practically ruined, the Poles got off with little blood - only a few cities were ruined. Against this background, Poland for the first time had a real opportunity to take the place of Ancient Russia, uniting the peoples around it. Nevertheless, Poland could not realize its ambitions. This was prevented by two factors: the difference of cultures and the eternal control of the West.
By the XV century, the Poles were still able to create the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which united the Polish lands, the Baltic States, Belarus and most of Ukraine into one state. However, this formation did not last long - and in the XVII century it collapsed. Centrifugal forces increased not only due to the strengthening of Peter's Russia, but also due to the fact that Orthodox people did not want to serve arrogant Catholic Panamanians. Russian Russians When you hear the word "redneck", which Westerners use to denote Russian people, you should know that it was this word that the Polish gentry called the Russian population.
*When Poland was part of the Russian Empire.*
Poles still can't forgive us for missing the chance to become an empire. And this is despite the fact that they brought great suffering to our country during the Time of Troubles, when they tried to put False Dmitry on the Russian throne and literally ruined the country.
In the XIX century, they tried to take revenge by joining the invasion of Napoleon, for which they paid: in 1813, catching up with the emperor fleeing from Russia, the Russians occupied the "Duchy of Warsaw" and made it a "Polish kingdom", joining the Russian Empire for a long time.
Despite the fact that the Russian emperors were fond of Polish culture, founded a university in Poland and allowed Poles to court, Poland writhed in rage: it was ruled by "cattle". And this is despite the fact that the Poles as part of the Russian Empire have preserved both statehood and cultural identity. A terrible offense.
Therefore, it is no wonder that in 1830 the Poles raised an uprising, during which seven Polish generals who had sworn allegiance to the Russian emperor were killed. Another uprising shook the country in 1863, but the Poles were able to gain freedom only in 1917, after the fall of the Russian Empire.
A lot of historical events have happened. We can say that we are eternal enemies for each other.
Who is the painter whose portrait of Peter the Great is frequently featured in which he has large dark eyes? He is shown in 3/4 presenting the right side of his face and there is an arch with light color behind him to the right.
this one? петр1.рус/%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F/ Gottfried Kniller
Good story. Peter the Great, interesting character in that he was curious and wanted to learn things from other countries. He apparently wasn’t afraid of going incognito or getting his hands dirty. Strange that President Putin, who so aspires to be like him, has obviously not studied this man at all. Pity.
I like this channel, especially because you pick terrific paintings to explain complex emotions and turbulent times in history. Really pulls me in. Great imagery, color.
Putin’s true idols are Ivan The Terrible, and Lenin.
The first comrade.
Great reformer and warrior, Peter the Great of Russia
How true that is.
I believe it was the Gregorian calendar that Peter instituted not the Julian one.
좋은글 잘보고 가요+++++++
Peter was not a reformer but a westernizer. What reform did he do, I am still waiting
He nationalized church land. He made Russia more diplomatically attractive to Western powers. As a result, the trade with technologically advanced Netherlands grew. Peter reformed Russian army, making it to the modern European standart of equipment and clothes.
?
Subtitulos en español por favor! Gracias.
All great reformers or leaders have by necessity of ruling have to be a tyrant in one for or another! It is part of the necessity of charge but it is this change this evolution that brings progress or change to a nation.
Heraclius I of Kakheti
It is believed by some that he was a natural father of Peter the Great. The writer Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy researching the biography of Peter the Great, informed Joseph Stalin that he had unearthed some documents which suggested Peter's father was a Georgian king. He thought he would ingratiate himself with Stalin by telling him this. Instead Stalin was appalled and forbade Tolstoy to mention the matter ever again
For that time and place, this is an impossible adultery. Уже стыдно, вроде грамотные люди.
Tolstoy died in 1910, according to a short subject picture that was a behind the scenes theatrical promotion for the 1965 movie epic “DOCTOR ZHIVAGO”.
So, unless Stalin was on a censorship committee of some kind, there’s no way that he could possibly have told off Tolstoy about the content of “WAR & PEACE”.
It would appear that Peter The Great, given the serious size of his nation, can only be viewed as a great leader which as noted represented a massive revision of his nation. It's certainly reasonable that had he not taken the reforms as he did Russia would have been consumed by her neighbor states. It seems Peter's envy of Western Europe was at the time a needed necessity but the trials of Russia since has demonstrated that its current President Putins shift from the West is also a most needed move as the Western European Nations, driven by the US in its stated objective of breaking Russia into four or five smaller states, is beginning to appear as much a visionary as Peter The Great.
I saw an Ivan's wives 6 to 8 video
And decided rinse here
Russia,Russia,Russia