Good observation that I had not considered as well as the interaction of carbon bouncing on metal while held by a finger connected to a body (as antenna) in a room full of RF
The magnets presumably have a fairly uniform field, so although they are spinning the field gradient is effectively constant and stationary... The metal disc is rotating within/through that "constant" perpendicular field, so there is relative motion between the metal and the field... I guess..
Amazingly, the field seems anchored to the orientation in space. I have a setup for testing, and 30 years ago, at UCLA I demonstrated this, but my claim was only that flux was fungible. That is, one source of flux is as good as another, and if there is no change in flux, then eddy currents do not occur in conductive solids. But to say that the field doesn't rotate is a claim I didn't make, but now I do. I feel very connected to the universe because of it. The relative motion you are using is between the non-rotating field and the rotating matter. You don't even need that middle disc to do it. One magnet will serve all purposes. There are scientific papers which prove that the field rotates and ones that prove it does not.
Robert, when I played with this effect it opened my mind to the idea that a magnetic field is stationary on it's axis. I believe rotating a magnet like you did is not rotating the field, therefore the relationship between motion and power is realized when you imagine the conductor moving through a stationary field. As you've found, the lack of eddy currents with this style unipolar generator under no load makes it interesting. Thanks for the detailed video as always!
When you rotate a magnet with copper plate such that they have zero relative motion, then magnets magnetic field rotate with the magnet and interacts with the earth magnetic field lines which are present everywhere on earth, that's why a compass always points to North & South. That relative motion between the earth magnetic field and magnets magnetic field generates the current in the copper plate.
Nice demonstration of Faraday's Paradox. The slipping brush is the key. The same holds true for a homopolar motor. That is why you don't see brushless, steady current homopolar motors, regardless of magnets relative motion.
dear Robert, this effect was discovered long before relativity theory was first proposed! Circular motion of electrons from the central metal disc, within a N/S magnetic field, creates a sideways or radial force which goes either in or out, depending which way the disc spins. This does not depend whether the magnet is spinning, because radial e.m.f will be exactly the same! THINK and UNDERSTAND please. No need for relativity theory.
aether... electricity is a medium which surrounds us. this was well understood through the 1800's until about 1920's. Its only the advent of the allowance of theories into the pool of knowledge that was purely empirical, that brought about the false paradigm that most now think they live in.
A guy named Bruce Dipalma built an N machine that had a copper disc sandwiched in between 2 ring magnets. When he spun it to 7000 rpm it would continue to rotate. The motor he used to start it then acted as a generator once the power supply was removed. He stuck a wire on the shaft and another on the outer perimeter of the copper generating current. Together he got alot of power like enough to power a house. Great video keep up the good work.
Yes just like Adam Trombly’s dynamo. Now with carbon fiber could tap some serious aether ZPE like every particle does. This would power insane HP electric what every you want!
I've just started watching your videos and catching up with earlier ones, you've reignited my desire for experimenting and wanting to make something, I like the way you explain and show what you are doing and why it works in a way that the ordinary guy in a shed can understand, many thanks indeed.
Although the relative motion is nothing, the rotational forces cause drag in the magnetic field that is interpreted as motion within the wire, so the field IS moving and electricity can be induced. That is actually part of a series of experiments I am doing with nonmoving permanent magnet induction. The relationships between magnetic fields and how they apply to faradays law have always been a point of interest with me. Good work mate, this piece of the puzzle helps loads!
The homopolar generator can be viewed as as a planar rectangular copper sheet with magnets beneth it. The straight line from the center of the copper disk to the brush can be simply viewed as two terminals of an ammeter moving through the copper sheet. The straight line between the terminals works exactly like a straight wire running through the B field. Thus a current is induced.
What happens when you increase the load? Is the amp output low because of the resistor your using? What amps get displayed if you put a lower ohm resistor.
Those plexiglass plates you're using as a frame or potentially the action of the roller bearings themselves - depending on where friction is occurring and the materials involved, could be a source? As I understand it "the electrical interaction between the races and the rolling elements in the presence of an oil film resembles a resistor-capacitor circuit - the capacitance and resistance for roller bearings and ball bearings depend on the film thickness and is governed by the permittivity and resistivity of the lubricant used" (Tribology in Electrical Environments, H. Prashad). Is it possible that the ball bearings on a conductive shaft may operate as a homopolar motor in themselves? The bearings themselves are conductive elements, rotating independently and at a higher speed than the aluminum plate and within a magnetic field!
@@ThinkingandTinkering hi Robert can I ask for some advice on a system I've designed please. A micro hydro set up using washing machine coils and a 12 volt submersible pump using 30 watts
This has been done. It yields the same result. Exclusion of any incidental flux from a motor nearby the magnet was done for safety reasons when this method was still being used for plasma physics experiments. Back in the day, they built multi ton faraday disks and spun them up with diesel engines connected by chains and gearboxes to induce massive current pulses.
My Father was a Commercial Radio Engineer. And I spent DAYS wandering around in an old Ford van, with him. Traipsing through the woods. We used two tools. A Natiional Geological Survey Map of Magnetic Resonance Lines and A Field Signal Strength Meter. Eventually, he used the information gleaned from these trips to decide where to Install a new Commercial Transmitter. I know the magnetic energy of a magnet can be visualized as lines....and the Magnetic energy of the earth are presented on the map as lines....Could you be observing the interactions of such, as your current?
Thank You Sir! It shows the working principle even in a small scale. Bruce Depalma machine has the same principle. Video with demonstration can be found in the internet.
As some have mentioned, there is a possible motion induction in the stable pick up wire ( it is in a tiny shell of the spinning feild of the magnets) but also with the modern theories that show things like gravitational waves, there may be a portion that is essentially a low induction radio emission of the spinning magnet, which we do theorize on large stellar bodies such as certain pulsars as an energy out put. Per what I see here, I think it is 90 percent induction on the stable pick up wire, and the last little bit from a grounded radio induction.Testing all of this would be very difficult, but we do know that there are parts to these things that do exist in other things.
The voltage is very low, but the current is high, so you should use a smaller resistance, even as low as 0.001 ohms. When the rotational speed is not over ten thousand revolutions per minute, the voltage will be very low, and using a magnet will yield better
Robert. You didn't say what size resistor you used. I think that limited the current produced. This is a low voltage high current device. It should be able to drive a low voltage DC motor if the motor resistance is not too high. I was expecting to see you have a motor spinning like in the battery demos.
If we think about the magnetic field surrounding the disc as some sort of a highly viscous liquid, when the disc starts spinning, outer most edge of the magnetic field would lag a bit behind, and in fact create relative motion between the disc and the field... I think that is the effect we are observing here
One common mistake made by many is assuming that if a magnet spins, its magnetic field also rotates. but when the magnet spins on an axis through its poles. the magnetic field remains static and unchanging. the homopolar generator works with and without the magnets spinning about its polar axis. Thus if an electron moves tangently to that magnetic field, it feels a force pushing it tangently to both the magnetic field and the direction of the electron's motion. Protons feel a force in the other direction but the protons in metal atoms are locked in crystal lattice, thus only electrons in the conduction band are free to move if a circuit path is available, and no counter electric field is seen by the electron. that's why current collectors must be stationary while the faraday disk is rotating. Otherwise a circuit path in rotation creates an equal and reverse electric field preventing current from flowing.
De Palma N machine..if not mistaken. And theres some scenarios can be tested with these rotating disc and magnets; 1. Static magnet, rotating disc 2. Rotating magnet and disc with same direction and speed 3. Rotating magnet n disc with same speed opposite direction. 4. Spinning neodymium without disc nearby..
I think it's of the characteristic of the fields. We typically think of them as being fixed fields around our objects. If there was any sort of lag at all it's less than the speed of light then what you're maybe seeing is a small oscillation of the field as it moves in space. Even if you have a wire moving relative with it the field itself is moving in a lag behind the objects. Or at least it's my thoughts on why you're detecting a small amount of current. The reason for the leg I imagine may be the fact that you charge particles in the air as a repercussion of there being a field. That air dust particles or whatever maybe a secondary field source causing this lag of the field.
Hi Robert, I wish I could remember what it was called. There was a wheel, rather large, like 8 foot diameter, made of Iron ? I can't recall. Anyway, when spun with a brush on the outer rim, perhaps the other connection taken from the spindle, it produced whopping great currents. In the order of thousands of amps? at a couple of volts. The spinning wheel did find application in Welding. Only a couple were ever made for specific jobs. Part of the problem is that even the tiniest contact resistance on the rim of the wheel, because of the thousands of amps produced, created serious heat issues on the brush assembly and melted it in the blink of an eye, the rest of the current being used for the welding process. Overall I think the sheer size of the wheel, prorbably weight as well, and inability to move it around, ended up favouring the welding systems we all know and love. I just can't remember the name given to the system. So its not a new discovery. Industry has used this effect.
the electric current ab extra to the magnet is already spinning like an ether tornado at the hysteresis of the electric atmosphere in that manner so you're not really changing much by spinning the physical magnets and the plate together.
Taking your word of no triboelectric effect, I'd say the electrons moving in and out of the disk are getting affected by the magnetic field, since they move through the field while they search for the exit through the stationary carbon contact. Initially there should be no electron movement tho, so no current, I guess it takes a small disruptance for the effect to start. But 4 microamps is basically noise, could be coming from anywhere idk.
I enjoy watching your videos. Thank you for your sharing of knowledge in an easy way of understanding. Question, could you add say like a slave batery or some other high voltage sorce for voltage and get the current from the faraday/tesla generator. To get a useful power output
Hi Robert. I love all your recent alternative energy videos lately. Your videos are always very descriptive while maintaining efficiency and a high level of entertainment. Your one of the few out there whose videos have never left me feeling like ive just wasted 15 minutes that ill never get back again. Thanks so much for all your efforts. Question. Isnt the outside of the disc spinning faster then the middle ? Thus would there not be a difference in motion between oustdide and middle of disc?magnets? Thanks again.
I would like to suggest you something even more astonishing that I've found in google patents: A high voltage DC homopolar generator patent US8288910B1 . It is basically a homopolar generator but instead of using a single plate a cylindrical coil can be wound radially out from the axis and in at the other side. The rotation generates voltage and all the wires are connecting in series, hence it is like a way bigger plate, or like a bunch of batteries in series. For the best performance the two faces of the disk should be far apart so the magnet wouldn't act on the other side of the cylinder to generate an opposing current. Good luck. You can rotate the magnets alone so it is way easier to connect for measurements.
Yes, the patent seems to indicate that the single plate is like a single wire in a traditional generator, multiple wires give both types the boost in voltage most designs require. It also hints that some magnetic field arrangements are more effective than others. But, rotating the magnetic plates alone is the traditional method, not exactly proving the point that the theory is flawed, hense the paradox.
This is a fascinating experiment. At least we can ignore the shape of the lead wires. Why? Because all of the flux passing through the flat surface of one of the flat magnets adds up to the same amount of flux that moves out into the space in the room, hitting the lead wires.The voltage induced radially across the conducting disk adds up. Its sum equals the sum of the voltage increments in the rest of the current loop that includes the test leads, by Kirchhoff's voltage law. This means we only need to know the rotation speed, field strength, and radius of that conducting disk to calculate the induced voltage. A segment of the loop current flows radially between the outer peripheral contact point and the center axis, and it flows exactly perpendicularly to the flux that goes into one flat face of the magnet, and out of the other flat magnet face. The voltage across that one clearly defined segment of the current flow path equals the voltage across all the rest of the current loop, including test leads and all.
@@ThinkingandTinkering I also think the faraway magnetic principals is in effect on a very small scale with the earths magnetic lines, probably both temperature and earth magnetic lines. Very interesting thought....
Electrons moving at 90 degrees to a magnetic field are pushed at 90 degrees to both the direction motion and the magnetic field. So electons in the conduction band of a spinning conductor are pushed to one side when moved through a stationary magnetic field. That force is the electro motive force, voltage. When you complet a circuit with a wire external to much of the magnetic field, current flows. If you make a loop in a wire and run current through that wire you create an electro magnet. If you rotate that coil about its polar axis, the coil is rotated but the magnetic field does not change. In other words, you can rotate a magnet on its pole but you can not rotate a magnetic field about the pole, thus it matters not if you spin the magnet about its pole. The field is stationary either way.
A very interesting experiment and might hint at something fundamental. It would be nice to see the experiment repeated with a longer axle to separate the generator from an possible external magnetic fields.
i imagine the magnetic force doesn't perfectly follow the magnet instantaneously but hangs in the air for a thousandth or millionth of a second, allowing the diamagnetic copper wire to produce a smaller, but still readable electrical field from it.
Yes I agree with tiger12506 once you connect the wire through the wheel you have a one tern coil near a rotating magnet. not the Field flowing through the wheel but the Field lines off the edge of the magnet.
Maybe nearby magnetic objects are causing changes in the magnetic field as it rotates. Like the bolts in the corners of the frame. This may explain the very small current generated. It would be interesting to see a scope reading of this experiment. Maybe that could provide some clues.
Could it be the physical contact of the brush and electrical wiring causing the current flow? You have a rotating magnetic field and a copper conductor...maybe everyone has been overlooking this aspect?
I've read some of DePalma's info, years ago. He certainly seemed to be onto something, both with electrical energy generation as well as falling/rotating objects. There was also Joseph Newman, another American inventor/researcher, who fought the U.S. Patent Office and electrical engineers for years over the claims for his device. Plus there was also Paramahamsa Tewari's generator. Tewari was an author, inventor, and retired Executive Director (Nuclear Projects) of the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL). He passed away on November 27, 2017.
i thought of that too, the relative motion between the wire and magnets, but i was wondering if you tried to use antenna,s and a retifier to charge a battery?
The combination of a rectifier and antenna for energy collection is called a rectenna, somewhat uncreatively. They're the basis for beamed power, wireless chargers, and there's some research to build nanoscale arrays that could maybe even operate into visible wavelengths. It's interesting stuff but it's not what's happening here to any significant degree though.
Makes a person think, with the earths magnetic field constantly moving, if I put magnets in the air near an antenna could I charge a cap. you got me thinking. Thanks Ed
So the current generated by rotating the disc against the brush is the same as what you get when you initially press the brush against the disc. That sounds like the brush is just bouncing on the disc as it rotates to me. BTW: Have you tried it without the magnets? I'd bet the result will be pretty close to the same.
Inside the copper disk the straight line between the center and the brush act as a straight wire rotating through a magnetic field. This wire generates a current.
The imaginary wire rotates opposite to the B field rotation thus indeed there is a relative motion between the imaginary wire and the B field therefore an end is induced in the imaginary wire.
The magnetic field of a Magnet is Ab-Extra to it, rotating the magnet on its "pole" would have no effect on the field unless there are large enough imperfections in the magnet material, the results of this experiment are not unusual if one knows that.
Maybe stationary magnets are not stationary when they have inertia! the harder you spin a magnet the further the magnetic field "swings" out... That's why electric pulse motors are inefficient because they don't take that phenomenon in to account and thus on curtain RPM the magnetic field of a "stationary" magnet is somewhere else than you would expect it to be if you don't take this in to account...
I feel like when you spin it, its doing the same thing as when you first touched the carbon to it. The oxide layer is very hard on aluminum and it could be exposing fresh unreacted carbon. It seems like you are seeing an air battery reaction.
There could be several explanations for the current generation paradox. As previously mentioned in the comments, re, moving magnetic field relative to pickup wire, tribo electric effect. Or, thermo electric generation due to friction between contact and wheel, static charge transfer, ie, removing electrons from one surface and depositing on the other surface. Contact potentials under moving conditions are different from static condition. Try same experiment without magnet, or different material combinations.
I have started this journey a while ago, and it's kind of neat to see you discovering this. There is a lot of research out there concerning this subject and also quite a bit of controversy. The homopolar motor and generator are in fact two faces of the same coin. You will have to know that when you extract current from the generator setup that you will face a back torque as it would become a homopolar motor trying to oppose the movement. But indeed the rotating disc will in fact polarize radially, this is not something you find in textbooks :). However that is only part of the story and I let the path lead you to wherever it may, I would encourage you to investigate the Stefan Marinov Siberian coliu which is the next logical step to this and Distinti's work (Resurrecting The Paradox Generators) although he might sounds cooky at times.
I guess replacing the drill with something that can also spin that fast but using only hand power, maybe combination of gears and pulleys, can confirm that there's no induction because of the motor
What about the electromagnetic interference coming from the drill motor? I would like to see someone replicate this with some distance between the drive motor and the generator ... maybe a pulley and belt set up or something. Interesting find!
Robert Murray-Smith thanks mate! Just did some reading up on the faraday paradox... very interesting indeed ;) I’m guessing then it has nothing to do with the emf caused by the drill motor then. I love paradoxical findings... they keep science magical ;)
It is not zero relative motion, disk is spinning and magnetic field is spinning, but wire of that is at the point of contact is static. So, that small piece of carbon/wire in rotating magnetic field is enough to produce that current.
Have you tried something other than carbon to contact the rim (IE:copper). Also reminds me of a generator the had a disc and part of the bottom was submerged in mercury (if my memory is correct). Readings were taken from the axle and rim.
If you could glue the Amperometer on the rotor, it will tell you zero. Than If you read this comment, I want to tell you, you are AMAZING! Thank you for sharing all this awesome knowledge!
Very interesting! Perhaps it's coming through the shaft from the drill? Does the effect still happen if you spin the disk by some strictly mechanical means?
@@ThinkingandTinkering I put my magnetic field meter in front of my powerdrill, the field from the power drill extends quite a distance around the thing, probably of the magnitude of a few feet. I think a rerun of the test with a hand crank and a high geared 3d printed gearing mechnism would be in order to make sure your not seeing an interaction with the magnetic field of the drill.
I see the description now i still think there is some contact-electrification interaction. But i doubt the the magnets are perfectly concentric so you will get some generation in the line going away from the brush as the imperfections of the magnetic fields pass the wire and brush.
Don't the magnetic field lines connect through the disc and then close back to the opposite poles with lines around the air gap outside the disc? In which case the wire connecting the carbon brush to the disc is being cut by those external field lines as the disc spins, generating a current. Current should reverse if you spin disc in t'other direction.
I don't think that the current that you measure comes from the disc between the magnets if it was it would large as the area of the disc is large, don't forget that the magnetic field lines go out of the magnet and through the air around and into the other magnet so when you touch the perimeter of the disc with wire it is cut by the rotating magnetic field and it will generate current as per physics text book, to make sure that it is the disc current that you measure you would need to first shield that wire from the magnetic field going through the air!
I would try the experiment by rotating the individual components. Magnets without the coil and the coil with out the magnets. I might suspect the coil rotating in the earth's field to produce some current. And It might be interesting to vary the North South relationship of the spin. And then try it with a Horizontal spin and see what happens. I'm thinking the coil should be wound in such a way as to have the ends of the wire on opposite sides of the coil with a metal circular plate soldered to them, so you can add a brush on each side to measure the current. The circular plates would need an insulated rod attached to them so it could be spun.
If electrons have weight they may be shifting out of their normal orbit in the field from centripetal forces contacting the disk and be conducted away also there was a slight wobble in spinning that may contribute to that as well but that is just off the top of my crazy head.
@@ThinkingandTinkering Lets see magnetic fields are what? IRC electrons leaving the magnet like suborbital launches from earth if you were headed out on a trajectory and then the earth shifted where you landed would change from the original path you were headed on if this is true higher rpms and or wobble in the rotation should produce more energy. Air bearings and a Tesla turbine may help prove this out.
Does the opposing directing of the magnetic fields create relative motion when the drill moves? They would be each trying to "catch up" with the motion from the drill, right?
there is relative motion between the inside of the disc and the outside of the disc corresponding to acceleration (i suspect if you left it running long enough the inside and outside should come to the same relative speed) what you may be measuring here is the ....torque i think it is...basically don't think of the disc as one solid object but a bunch of atoms, it's not spinning as one solid thing but more like a spiral the inside atoms are dragging the atoms further out behind them. the effect is of course very small, and unsurprising the reading is ALSO very small. if this is the case you should expect some of the following: 1. the effect should increase with disc side 2. the effect should drop off over time of constant speed.
(EDIT: I've had second thoughts about this -- see my reply.) Coincidentally I've just been reading Feynman's lectures on electrodynamics, and I think I can answer this. You're mistaken in thinking that the emf is due to relative motion between the wire and the magnet. All that matters is whether there is a magnetic field in the region of space through which the wire is moving, in the frame of reference where the motion is taking place. Spinning the magnet does not make the magnetic field disappear. (If it did, spinning a pair of magnets stuck to each other would make them fall apart, which it clearly doesn't.) As for the eddy currents, I wouldn't expect there to be any when the field is uniform and covering the whole disk, because all the emfs are radial and there is no return path for the currents. I haven't seen your homopolar generator video yet, but i'm guessing it has poles that only cover part of the disk. In that case, there are return paths through other parts of the disk where the field and therefore the emf is weaker. I think if you shorted the output of this version of the generator you would get some drag due to eddy currents, although it might not be noticeable unless you can make a really low resistance connection.
Having thought about it some more, I've changed my mind! I now think there is *no* emf induced in the disk itself. Here's why: In a reference frame that moves along with a piece of the disk at some moment in time (let's call this the "conductor frame"), there is no reason to expect any emf, because in that frame you just have a stationary conductor and a stationary magnet. So there can't be any emf in the disk in the laboratory frame either. It's true that the conductor is moving in a magnetic field in that frame, which produces an emf; *but* the transformation of the magnetic field from the conductor frame to the laboratory frame produces an *electric* field that cancels it out! So where does the voltage measured by the meter come from? I think it's coming from the *rest* of the circuit, which is also passing through the field from the magnets. In the laboratory frame, it's because of the electric field produced by the moving magnets. In the conductor frame, it's because the rest of the circult is moving through the magnetic field in the opposite direction. Electrodynamics is tricky stuff. There's a lot going on, and you have to take all of it into account to get a consistent picture.
Faraday's paradox... It is explained by Lorentz Force Law. Faraday disk is a very interesting generator. It has been further developed by scientists such as Tesla, Steinmetz, Thompson and others.
What happens if you just put the brush against the wheel without the magnets and spin it. I also know that if you simply strike the wheel it will "Generate" a high voltage with little current. Just like how the striker igniters work in disposable lighters, although in those there is a crystal being struck by a metal hammer.
@@ThinkingandTinkering Interesting. Then I would wager that this involves flaws in the magnet's structure producing inconsistencies in the field density, which produce relative motion within the field due to their varied reaction as they sweep over nearby magnetizable metals. One would think that would produce an AC signal but there may be a diodic effect between the carbon and aluminum at play.
There is relative motion between the magnets and the measurement wires.
that is certainly one of the interpretations of the faraday paradox
@@ThinkingandTinkering You could duct-tape a multimeter to the disc to test.
Good observation that I had not considered as well as the interaction of carbon bouncing on metal while held by a finger connected to a body (as antenna) in a room full of RF
surely if that were the case then it would also be picking up voltage prior to the brush contacting the plate?
Gotta have a coil or bundle of wire to get that many amps.
The magnets presumably have a fairly uniform field, so although they are spinning the field gradient is effectively constant and stationary... The metal disc is rotating within/through that "constant" perpendicular field, so there is relative motion between the metal and the field... I guess..
Amazingly, the field seems anchored to the orientation in space. I have a setup for testing, and 30 years ago, at UCLA I demonstrated this, but my claim was only that flux was fungible. That is, one source of flux is as good as another, and if there is no change in flux, then eddy currents do not occur in conductive solids. But to say that the field doesn't rotate is a claim I didn't make, but now I do. I feel very connected to the universe because of it. The relative motion you are using is between the non-rotating field and the rotating matter. You don't even need that middle disc to do it. One magnet will serve all purposes. There are scientific papers which prove that the field rotates and ones that prove it does not.
Bruce DePalma's n-machine. Tickling the aether? Very important demonstration.
Robert, when I played with this effect it opened my mind to the idea that a magnetic field is stationary on it's axis. I believe rotating a magnet like you did is not rotating the field, therefore the relationship between motion and power is realized when you imagine the conductor moving through a stationary field. As you've found, the lack of eddy currents with this style unipolar generator under no load makes it interesting. Thanks for the detailed video as always!
cheers mate
When you rotate a magnet with copper plate such that they have zero relative motion, then magnets magnetic field rotate with the magnet and interacts with the earth magnetic field lines which are present everywhere on earth, that's why a compass always points to North & South. That relative motion between the earth magnetic field and magnets magnetic field generates the current in the copper plate.
Nice demonstration of Faraday's Paradox. The slipping brush is the key. The same holds true for a homopolar motor. That is why you don't see brushless, steady current homopolar motors, regardless of magnets relative motion.
cheers mate
This actually makes perfect sense because the speed of the magnetic field is different than the speed of the electrons
dear Robert, this effect was discovered long before relativity theory was first proposed! Circular motion of electrons from the central metal disc, within a N/S magnetic field, creates a sideways or radial force which goes either in or out, depending which way the disc spins. This does not depend whether the magnet is spinning, because radial e.m.f will be exactly the same! THINK and UNDERSTAND please. No need for relativity theory.
Exactly
aether... electricity is a medium which surrounds us. this was well understood through the 1800's until about 1920's. Its only the advent of the allowance of theories into the pool of knowledge that was purely empirical, that brought about the false paradigm that most now think they live in.
Yes, read Robert Sungenis.
A guy named Bruce Dipalma built an N machine that had a copper disc sandwiched in between 2 ring magnets. When he spun it to 7000 rpm it would continue to rotate. The motor he used to start it then acted as a generator once the power supply was removed. He stuck a wire on the shaft and another on the outer perimeter of the copper generating current. Together he got alot of power like enough to power a house. Great video keep up the good work.
Yes
Yes just like Adam Trombly’s dynamo. Now with carbon fiber could tap some serious aether ZPE like every particle does. This would power insane HP electric what every you want!
I've just started watching your videos and catching up with earlier ones, you've reignited my desire for experimenting and wanting to make something, I like the way you explain and show what you are doing and why it works in a way that the ordinary guy in a shed can understand, many thanks indeed.
cheers mate and thanks for posting
Although the relative motion is nothing, the rotational forces cause drag in the magnetic field that is interpreted as motion within the wire, so the field IS moving and electricity can be induced.
That is actually part of a series of experiments I am doing with nonmoving permanent magnet induction. The relationships between magnetic fields and how they apply to faradays law have always been a point of interest with me.
Good work mate, this piece of the puzzle helps loads!
The homopolar generator can be viewed as as a planar rectangular copper sheet with magnets beneth it. The straight line from the center of the copper disk to the brush can be simply viewed as two terminals of an ammeter moving through the copper sheet. The straight line between the terminals works exactly like a straight wire running through the B field. Thus a current is induced.
Halo, have got a question: how strong could you generate the current depending of the rotation speed ?
It's called N-Mashine. An yes the induction definition ist because of this incomplete
cheers mate
Hi Robert, what happens when you do it *without* the magnet (just the metal disc) ?
I didn't read the description. Interesting 🤔
lol - no worries mate - I should have put it in the video - but i didn't want the vid to be too long
i see you read the decription - cheers
What happens when you increase the load? Is the amp output low because of the resistor your using? What amps get displayed if you put a lower ohm resistor.
every time i search up something cool on youtube this channel comes up. you're doing something very right sir :)
Thank you for demonstration Faraday paradox. I don't think it can be explained without Einstein falling, without aether.
Is there any leaching of the magnetic fields created by the drill's motor?
This is just like Faraday's paradox. Maybe magnetic fields are external? Very much enjoy your videos. Thank you for posting sir!
They remain their position in the universal reference frame (ether).
Those plexiglass plates you're using as a frame or potentially the action of the roller bearings themselves - depending on where friction is occurring and the materials involved, could be a source? As I understand it "the electrical interaction between the races and the rolling elements in the presence of an oil film resembles a resistor-capacitor circuit - the capacitance and resistance for roller bearings and ball bearings depend on the film thickness and is governed by the permittivity and resistivity of the lubricant used" (Tribology in Electrical Environments, H. Prashad). Is it possible that the ball bearings on a conductive shaft may operate as a homopolar motor in themselves? The bearings themselves are conductive elements, rotating independently and at a higher speed than the aluminum plate and within a magnetic field!
cheers mate
try using a larger carbon brush to see if the amperage would go up
or you could mate - very easy to replicate this
You have just proved the existence of the aether.
I am not sure that's true mate
@@ThinkingandTinkering hi Robert can I ask for some advice on a system I've designed please. A micro hydro set up using washing machine coils and a 12 volt submersible pump using 30 watts
@@ThinkingandTinkering Read Robert Sunegnis "Galileo Was Wrong, the Church Was Right" to see why you have just proved ether
Try turning it without a drilling machine, or a long non conductive material between 😊
This has been done. It yields the same result. Exclusion of any incidental flux from a motor nearby the magnet was done for safety reasons when this method was still being used for plasma physics experiments.
Back in the day, they built multi ton faraday disks and spun them up with diesel engines connected by chains and gearboxes to induce massive current pulses.
My Father was a Commercial Radio Engineer. And I spent DAYS wandering around in an old Ford van, with him. Traipsing through the woods. We used two tools. A Natiional Geological Survey Map of Magnetic Resonance Lines and A Field Signal Strength Meter. Eventually, he used the information gleaned from these trips to decide where to Install a new Commercial Transmitter. I know the magnetic energy of a magnet can be visualized as lines....and the Magnetic energy of the earth are presented on the map as lines....Could you be observing the interactions of such, as your current?
it is an interesting idea mate for sure
Omg...TYVM...Love your channel!
Thank You Sir! It shows the working principle even in a small scale. Bruce Depalma machine has the same principle. Video with demonstration can be found in the internet.
How many volts did you say it made at 400 microamps? Couldn't understand..
100 ohm resistor as load V=IR and 4 micro amps out put
As some have mentioned, there is a possible motion induction in the stable pick up wire ( it is in a tiny shell of the spinning feild of the magnets) but also with the modern theories that show things like gravitational waves, there may be a portion that is essentially a low induction radio emission of the spinning magnet, which we do theorize on large stellar bodies such as certain pulsars as an energy out put. Per what I see here, I think it is 90 percent induction on the stable pick up wire, and the last little bit from a grounded radio induction.Testing all of this would be very difficult, but we do know that there are parts to these things that do exist in other things.
to be honest mate - think you have give the best and most reasoned explanation
The voltage is very low, but the current is high, so you should use a smaller resistance, even as low as 0.001 ohms. When the rotational speed is not over ten thousand revolutions per minute, the voltage will be very low, and using a magnet will yield better
Does the axle make direct contact with the disc and the magnets or are they fastened on by a plastic washer or connector?
Robert. You didn't say what size resistor you used. I think that limited the current produced. This is a low voltage high current device. It should be able to drive a low voltage DC motor if the motor resistance is not too high. I was expecting to see you have a motor spinning like in the battery demos.
If we think about the magnetic field surrounding the disc as some sort of a highly viscous liquid, when the disc starts spinning, outer most edge of the magnetic field would lag a bit behind, and in fact create relative motion between the disc and the field... I think that is the effect we are observing here
One common mistake made by many is assuming that if a magnet spins, its magnetic field also rotates. but when the magnet spins on an axis through its poles. the magnetic field remains static and unchanging. the homopolar generator works with and without the magnets spinning about its polar axis.
Thus if an electron moves tangently to that magnetic field, it feels a force pushing it tangently to both the magnetic field and the direction of the electron's motion. Protons feel a force in the other direction but the protons in metal atoms are locked in crystal lattice, thus only electrons in the conduction band are free to move if a circuit path is available, and no counter electric field is seen by the electron. that's why current collectors must be stationary while the faraday disk is rotating. Otherwise a circuit path in rotation creates an equal and reverse electric field preventing current from flowing.
The relative motion exists in the differentials of the air molecules around the rotating disk.
De Palma N machine..if not mistaken. And theres some scenarios can be tested with these rotating disc and magnets;
1. Static magnet, rotating disc
2. Rotating magnet and disc with same direction and speed
3. Rotating magnet n disc with same speed opposite direction.
4. Spinning neodymium without disc nearby..
I think it's of the characteristic of the fields. We typically think of them as being fixed fields around our objects. If there was any sort of lag at all it's less than the speed of light then what you're maybe seeing is a small oscillation of the field as it moves in space. Even if you have a wire moving relative with it the field itself is moving in a lag behind the objects. Or at least it's my thoughts on why you're detecting a small amount of current.
The reason for the leg I imagine may be the fact that you charge particles in the air as a repercussion of there being a field. That air dust particles or whatever maybe a secondary field source causing this lag of the field.
Follow-up experiment idea: would be to try to see if it works in a vacuum!
go for it mate
@@ThinkingandTinkering hysteresis is the name of such lag phenomenon. Interesting read
Hi Robert, I wish I could remember what it was called. There was a wheel, rather large, like 8 foot diameter, made of Iron ? I can't recall. Anyway, when spun with a brush on the outer rim, perhaps the other connection taken from the spindle, it produced whopping great currents. In the order of thousands of amps? at a couple of volts. The spinning wheel did find application in Welding. Only a couple were ever made for specific jobs. Part of the problem is that even the tiniest contact resistance on the rim of the wheel, because of the thousands of amps produced, created serious heat issues on the brush assembly and melted it in the blink of an eye, the rest of the current being used for the welding process.
Overall I think the sheer size of the wheel, prorbably weight as well, and inability to move it around, ended up favouring the welding systems we all know and love. I just can't remember the name given to the system. So its not a new discovery. Industry has used this effect.
it's a homopolar generator I think mate - they did run several large versions for the high current generation capability
the electric current ab extra to the magnet is already spinning like an ether tornado at the hysteresis of the electric atmosphere in that manner so you're not really changing much by spinning the physical magnets and the plate together.
is there any chance that the little current you get is from the magnet turning near the copper of the lead?
Robert, is the current being generated due to the centre disc being spun in the Earth's magnetic field, or a vector component of it?
Taking your word of no triboelectric effect, I'd say the electrons moving in and out of the disk are getting affected by the magnetic field, since they move through the field while they search for the exit through the stationary carbon contact.
Initially there should be no electron movement tho, so no current, I guess it takes a small disruptance for the effect to start. But 4 microamps is basically noise, could be coming from anywhere idk.
you don't have to take my word mate - this is a well studied phenomenon and easy to replicate should you wish
What if you put 100 of them brushes on it? Would you then get 400 micro amps?
dunno - I don't plan on trying
in parallel or series??? i think series may provide some interesting results!
@@delta-KaeBee parallel or series won't increase the voltage or the current. But you can run as many separate circuits of it as you want
I enjoy watching your videos. Thank you for your sharing of knowledge in an easy way of understanding. Question, could you add say like a slave batery or some other high voltage sorce for voltage and get the current from the faraday/tesla generator. To get a useful power output
Hi Robert. I love all your recent alternative energy videos lately. Your videos are always very descriptive while maintaining efficiency and a high level of entertainment. Your one of the few out there whose videos have never left me feeling like ive just wasted 15 minutes that ill never get back again. Thanks so much for all your efforts. Question. Isnt the outside of the disc spinning faster then the middle ? Thus would there not be a difference in motion between oustdide and middle of disc?magnets? Thanks again.
Is it reversable? So when you put current on it, is it going to turn from itself?
I would like to suggest you something even more astonishing that I've found in google patents:
A high voltage DC homopolar generator patent US8288910B1 . It is basically a homopolar generator but instead of using a single plate a cylindrical coil can be wound radially out from the axis and in at the other side. The rotation generates voltage and all the wires are connecting in series, hence it is like a way bigger plate, or like a bunch of batteries in series. For the best performance the two faces of the disk should be far apart so the magnet wouldn't act on the other side of the cylinder to generate an opposing current. Good luck. You can rotate the magnets alone so it is way easier to connect for measurements.
Yes, the patent seems to indicate that the single plate is like a single wire in a traditional generator, multiple wires give both types the boost in voltage most designs require. It also hints that some magnetic field arrangements are more effective than others. But, rotating the magnetic plates alone is the traditional method, not exactly proving the point that the theory is flawed, hense the paradox.
This is a fascinating experiment.
At least we can ignore the shape of the lead wires. Why? Because all of the flux passing through the flat surface of one of the flat magnets adds up to the same amount of flux that moves out into the space in the room, hitting the lead wires.The voltage induced radially across the conducting disk adds up. Its sum equals the sum of the voltage increments in the rest of the current loop that includes the test leads, by Kirchhoff's voltage law.
This means we only need to know the rotation speed, field strength, and radius of that conducting disk to calculate the induced voltage. A segment of the loop current flows radially between the outer peripheral contact point and the center axis, and it flows exactly perpendicularly to the flux that goes into one flat face of the magnet, and out of the other flat magnet face. The voltage across that one clearly defined segment of the current flow path equals the voltage across all the rest of the current loop, including test leads and all.
excuse my total ignorance, if you align the disc with the rotation of the earth would you also get a reading with zero relative motion ?
Just wondering, if its not the friction heat on the brush , change of temperature should reflect some small change in potential and current.
maybe
@@ThinkingandTinkering I also think the faraway magnetic principals is in effect on a very small scale with the earths magnetic lines, probably both temperature and earth magnetic lines. Very interesting thought....
The delay of the flux field of the magnets as it spins mixes the Fields with themselves creating electricity...
Electrons moving at 90 degrees to a magnetic field are pushed at 90 degrees to both the direction motion and the magnetic field. So electons in the conduction band of a spinning conductor are pushed to one side when moved through a stationary magnetic field. That force is the electro motive force, voltage. When you complet a circuit with a wire external to much of the magnetic field, current flows.
If you make a loop in a wire and run current through that wire you create an electro magnet. If you rotate that coil about its polar axis, the coil is rotated but the magnetic field does not change. In other words, you can rotate a magnet on its pole but you can not rotate a magnetic field about the pole, thus it matters not if you spin the magnet about its pole. The field is stationary either way.
A very interesting experiment and might hint at something fundamental. It would be nice to see the experiment repeated with a longer axle to separate the generator from an possible external magnetic fields.
Ether.
i imagine the magnetic force doesn't perfectly follow the magnet instantaneously but hangs in the air for a thousandth or millionth of a second, allowing the diamagnetic copper wire to produce a smaller, but still readable electrical field from it.
It is because touching like initial measurement, as contact is intermittent when rotating surface
maybe mate
I assume the pickup works as a 1 turn coil, and as the wheel is magnetised, the wheel is the magnet, and the pickup is the coil.
Any chance we could get a website link in the description of your videos? I want to buy ink and carbon felt for experiments but can't find you store.
sorry mate - the webshop is at www.workingink.co.uk
@@ThinkingandTinkering thanks.
Have you looked at Bruce DePalma's work on this?
Yes I agree with tiger12506 once you connect the wire through the wheel you have a one tern coil near a rotating magnet. not the Field flowing through the wheel but the Field lines off the edge of the magnet.
maybe mate - cheers
Maybe nearby magnetic objects are causing changes in the magnetic field as it rotates. Like the bolts in the corners of the frame. This may explain the very small current generated. It would be interesting to see a scope reading of this experiment. Maybe that could provide some clues.
maybe
Could it be the physical contact of the brush and electrical wiring causing the current flow? You have a rotating magnetic field and a copper conductor...maybe everyone has been overlooking this aspect?
please read the description mate
Remove the magnets and I bet you will still get small current.
nope - have a quick look at the description mate
did you try?
@@ThinkingandTinkering Ah, I didn't read the description. Interesting 🤔
why do you say that Kevy.. I know nothing about this stuff and am way to old to learn now.. But I find it interesting..
Thus is more like science thanks for sharing.
De-Palma N machines are really interesting! Perhaps they generate electricity by breaking lines of gravity?
I've read some of DePalma's info, years ago. He certainly seemed to be onto something, both with electrical energy generation as well as falling/rotating objects. There was also Joseph Newman, another American inventor/researcher, who fought the U.S. Patent Office and electrical engineers for years over the claims for his device. Plus there was also Paramahamsa Tewari's generator. Tewari was an author, inventor, and retired Executive Director (Nuclear Projects) of the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL). He passed away on November 27, 2017.
I wonder too mate
i thought of that too, the relative motion between the wire and magnets, but i was wondering if you tried to use antenna,s and a retifier to charge a battery?
The combination of a rectifier and antenna for energy collection is called a rectenna, somewhat uncreatively. They're the basis for beamed power, wireless chargers, and there's some research to build nanoscale arrays that could maybe even operate into visible wavelengths. It's interesting stuff but it's not what's happening here to any significant degree though.
It is Direct Current, except for minor field variations in the material that might cause changes as it rotates.
Makes a person think, with the earths magnetic field constantly moving, if I put magnets in the air near an antenna could I charge a cap. you got me thinking.
Thanks
Ed
Could be - give it a go mate
So the current generated by rotating the disc against the brush is the same as what you get when you initially press the brush against the disc. That sounds like the brush is just bouncing on the disc as it rotates to me.
BTW: Have you tried it without the magnets? I'd bet the result will be pretty close to the same.
What if you segmented the aluminum disc and insulated the segments then spin it ?
I dunno - try it and let me know
Inside the copper disk the straight line between the center and the brush act as a straight wire rotating through a magnetic field. This wire generates a current.
The imaginary wire rotates opposite to the B field rotation thus indeed there is a relative motion between the imaginary wire and the B field therefore an end is induced in the imaginary wire.
*emf
The magnetic field of a Magnet is Ab-Extra to it, rotating the magnet on its "pole" would have no effect on the field unless there are large enough imperfections in the magnet material, the results of this experiment are not unusual if one knows that.
Maybe stationary magnets are not stationary when they have inertia! the harder you spin a magnet the further the magnetic field "swings" out...
That's why electric pulse motors are inefficient because they don't take that phenomenon in to account and thus on curtain RPM the magnetic field of a "stationary" magnet is somewhere else than you would expect it to be if you don't take this in to account...
I feel like when you spin it, its doing the same thing as when you first touched the carbon to it. The oxide layer is very hard on aluminum and it could be exposing fresh unreacted carbon. It seems like you are seeing an air battery reaction.
The magnetic field is inducing current in the brush because there is motion between the magnet and the brush.
There could be several explanations for the current generation paradox. As previously mentioned in the comments, re, moving magnetic field relative to pickup wire, tribo electric effect. Or, thermo electric generation due to friction between contact and wheel, static charge transfer, ie, removing electrons from one surface and depositing on the other surface. Contact potentials under moving conditions are different from static condition. Try same experiment without magnet, or different material combinations.
Nice. I see another possibility for relative motion not explored. I wonder why not?
I have started this journey a while ago, and it's kind of neat to see you discovering this. There is a lot of research out there concerning this subject and also quite a bit of controversy. The homopolar motor and generator are in fact two faces of the same coin. You will have to know that when you extract current from the generator setup that you will face a back torque as it would become a homopolar motor trying to oppose the movement. But indeed the rotating disc will in fact polarize radially, this is not something you find in textbooks :). However that is only part of the story and I let the path lead you to wherever it may, I would encourage you to investigate the Stefan Marinov Siberian coliu which is the next logical step to this and Distinti's work (Resurrecting The Paradox Generators) although he might sounds cooky at times.
I guess replacing the drill with something that can also spin that fast but using only hand power, maybe combination of gears and pulleys, can confirm that there's no induction because of the motor
maybe
Just a thought : could it be because a spinning reference frame is non inertial ?
it could well be mate
Read Robert Sungenis for answer.
What about the electromagnetic interference coming from the drill motor? I would like to see someone replicate this with some distance between the drive motor and the generator ... maybe a pulley and belt set up or something. Interesting find!
I did read up about this mate - it's an example of the faraday paradox and well studied as it happens
Robert Murray-Smith thanks mate! Just did some reading up on the faraday paradox... very interesting indeed ;) I’m guessing then it has nothing to do with the emf caused by the drill motor then. I love paradoxical findings... they keep science magical ;)
It is not zero relative motion, disk is spinning and magnetic field is spinning, but wire of that is at the point of contact is static.
So, that small piece of carbon/wire in rotating magnetic field is enough to produce that current.
cheers. mate
Have you tried something other than carbon to contact the rim (IE:copper).
Also reminds me of a generator the had a disc and part of the bottom was submerged in mercury (if my memory is correct). Readings were taken from the axle and rim.
yep - tried copper
Could the friction of your contact points be generating a measurable amount of static electricity and therefore a minuscule current?
read the description
If you could glue the Amperometer on the rotor, it will tell you zero.
Than If you read this comment, I want to tell you, you are AMAZING! Thank you for sharing all this awesome knowledge!
glad you like it mate
Very interesting! Perhaps it's coming through the shaft from the drill? Does the effect still happen if you spin the disk by some strictly mechanical means?
maybe
@@ThinkingandTinkering I put my magnetic field meter in front of my powerdrill, the field from the power drill extends quite a distance around the thing, probably of the magnitude of a few feet. I think a rerun of the test with a hand crank and a high geared 3d printed gearing mechnism would be in order to make sure your not seeing an interaction with the magnetic field of the drill.
could it be the drill?? have you tried a longer shaft??
What about the 4 fixed metal screw holding the plexiglass?
I don't think so mate
I see the description now i still think there is some contact-electrification interaction. But i doubt the the magnets are perfectly concentric so you will get some generation in the line going away from the brush as the imperfections of the magnetic fields pass the wire and brush.
Don't the magnetic field lines connect through the disc and then close back to the opposite poles with lines around the air gap outside the disc? In which case the wire connecting the carbon brush to the disc is being cut by those external field lines as the disc spins, generating a current. Current should reverse if you spin disc in t'other direction.
it could be a interference from motor/magnets of electric drill. have you taken this into consideration ?
I don't think that the current that you measure comes from the disc between the magnets if it was it would large as the area of the disc is large, don't forget that the magnetic field lines go out of the magnet and through the air around and into the other magnet so when you touch the perimeter of the disc with wire it is cut by the rotating magnetic field and it will generate current as per physics text book, to make sure that it is the disc current that you measure you would need to first shield that wire from the magnetic field going through the air!
I would try the experiment by rotating the individual components.
Magnets without the coil and the coil with out the magnets.
I might suspect the coil rotating in the earth's field to produce some current. And
It might be interesting to vary the North South relationship of the spin.
And then try it with a Horizontal spin and see what happens.
I'm thinking the coil should be wound in such a way as to have the ends of the wire on opposite sides of the coil with a metal circular plate soldered to them, so you can add a brush on each side to measure the current.
The circular plates would need an insulated rod attached to them so it could be spun.
If electrons have weight they may be shifting out of their normal orbit in the field from centripetal forces contacting the disk and be conducted away also there was a slight wobble in spinning that may contribute to that as well but that is just off the top of my crazy head.
I think the angular momentum has a role to play for sure mate
@@ThinkingandTinkering Lets see magnetic fields are what? IRC electrons leaving the magnet like suborbital launches from
earth if you were headed out on a trajectory and then the earth shifted where you landed would change from the original path you were headed on if this is true higher rpms and or wobble in the rotation should produce more energy.
Air bearings and a Tesla turbine may help prove this out.
Is there any chance of a static charge due to friction?
Does the opposing directing of the magnetic fields create relative motion when the drill moves? They would be each trying to "catch up" with the motion from the drill, right?
the field is north south mate - so I don't think so
@@ThinkingandTinkering got it. Thanks.
there is relative motion between the inside of the disc and the outside of the disc corresponding to acceleration (i suspect if you left it running long enough the inside and outside should come to the same relative speed) what you may be measuring here is the ....torque i think it is...basically don't think of the disc as one solid object but a bunch of atoms, it's not spinning as one solid thing but more like a spiral the inside atoms are dragging the atoms further out behind them. the effect is of course very small, and unsurprising the reading is ALSO very small.
if this is the case you should expect some of the following:
1. the effect should increase with disc side
2. the effect should drop off over time of constant speed.
cheers m ate
(EDIT: I've had second thoughts about this -- see my reply.)
Coincidentally I've just been reading Feynman's lectures on electrodynamics, and I think I can answer this. You're mistaken in thinking that the emf is due to relative motion between the wire and the magnet. All that matters is whether there is a magnetic field in the region of space through which the wire is moving, in the frame of reference where the motion is taking place. Spinning the magnet does not make the magnetic field disappear. (If it did, spinning a pair of magnets stuck to each other would make them fall apart, which it clearly doesn't.)
As for the eddy currents, I wouldn't expect there to be any when the field is uniform and covering the whole disk, because all the emfs are radial and there is no return path for the currents. I haven't seen your homopolar generator video yet, but i'm guessing it has poles that only cover part of the disk. In that case, there are return paths through other parts of the disk where the field and therefore the emf is weaker.
I think if you shorted the output of this version of the generator you would get some drag due to eddy currents, although it might not be noticeable unless you can make a really low resistance connection.
Having thought about it some more, I've changed my mind! I now think there is *no* emf induced in the disk itself. Here's why: In a reference frame that moves along with a piece of the disk at some moment in time (let's call this the "conductor frame"), there is no reason to expect any emf, because in that frame you just have a stationary conductor and a stationary magnet. So there can't be any emf in the disk in the laboratory frame either. It's true that the conductor is moving in a magnetic field in that frame, which produces an emf; *but* the transformation of the magnetic field from the conductor frame to the laboratory frame produces an *electric* field that cancels it out!
So where does the voltage measured by the meter come from? I think it's coming from the *rest* of the circuit, which is also passing through the field from the magnets. In the laboratory frame, it's because of the electric field produced by the moving magnets. In the conductor frame, it's because the rest of the circult is moving through the magnetic field in the opposite direction.
Electrodynamics is tricky stuff. There's a lot going on, and you have to take all of it into account to get a consistent picture.
Faraday's paradox... It is explained by Lorentz Force Law.
Faraday disk is a very interesting generator. It has been further developed by scientists such as Tesla, Steinmetz, Thompson and others.
Surely the magnetic field is moving relative to the brush and the copper braid in it.
There is no relative motion between the disc and magnet but you still have a conductor rotating in a magnetic field.. just a thought.
it's an example of the faraday paradox mate
What happens if you just put the brush against the wheel without the magnets and spin it.
I also know that if you simply strike the wheel it will "Generate" a high voltage with little current. Just like how the striker igniters work in disposable lighters, although in those there is a crystal being struck by a metal hammer.
Perhaps a triboelectric effect? Have you tried with a copper brush?
have a quick look at the description mate - i don't think it is triboelectric
@@ThinkingandTinkering Interesting. Then I would wager that this involves flaws in the magnet's structure producing inconsistencies in the field density, which produce relative motion within the field due to their varied reaction as they sweep over nearby magnetizable metals. One would think that would produce an AC signal but there may be a diodic effect between the carbon and aluminum at play.